Result

Molar mass of ethyl-acetate = 88.11 g/mol

Molar mass of sodium hydroxide = 40 g/mol

Density of ethyl-acetate =0.895 g/ml

Calculation for NaOH:

N=m x V n= mass MW

=0.1 X 10 1= mass 40

=1 mass= 40 g

Calculation for EtAC:

(0.1 mol/L X 88.11g/mol X 10L) 0.895g/L

= 98 mL

1) Preparation of calibration curve for Conversion vs. Conductivity

Conversion, % Conductivity, (mS/cm)

0% 18.4
25% 14.7
50% 12.9
75% 9.7
100% 6.5
2) Test for conductivity

Flow rate at 100mL/min:

Conductivity Conductivity Conductivity Temperature Temperature Temperature

Time(min) 1 2 3 1 2 3
(ms) (ms) (ms) (c) (c) (c)
0 0.14 0.27 0.33 25.2 25.6 25.7
2 0.49 0.55 0.46 25.2 25.6 25.8
4 3.24 0.97 0.48 25.3 25.7 25.8
6 4.78 1.98 0.67 25.3 25.7 25.9
8 5.67 2.87 1.01 25.3 25.8 26
10 6.42 3.69 1.55 25.4 25.9 26.1
12 6.75 4.47 2.01 25.5 26 26.2
14 6.97 4.88 2.46 25.6 26.3 26.3
16 7.26 5.31 2.84 25.6 26.4 26.3
18 7.35 5.64 3.21 25.6 26.6 26.4
20 7.5 5.92 3.56 25.7 26.7 26.6
22 7.53 6.23 3.85 25.8 26.8 26.7
24 7.6 6.31 4.13 26 27 26.8
26 7.68 6.45 4.33 26.2 27 26.9
28 7.74 6.6 4.51 26.2 27.1 27
30 7.79 6.68 4.69 26.3 27.1 27
32 7.75 6.77 4.81 26.3 27.2 27.1
34 7.73 6.82 4.93 26.4 27.3 27.2
36 7.7 6.87 5.03 26.5 27.3 27.3
38 7.85 6.91 5.12 26.6 27.4 27.4
40 7.85 6.92 5.14 26.7 27.4 27.5
Flow rate at 150mL/min:

Time Conductivity Conductivity Conductivity Temperature Temperature Temperature

(min) 1 2 3 1 2 3
(ms) (mS) (mS) (c) (c) (c)
0 7.8 7.11 5.44 27 27.7 27.8
2 8.55 7.41 5.58 27.1 27.8 27.8
4 8.62 7.58 5.68 27.2 27.8 27.9
6 8.74 7.64 5.77 27.3 27.9 28
8 8.8 8.12 5.75 27.4 27.9 28
10 9.89 8.45 6 27.5 28 28.1
12 10.17 8.57 6.28 27.6 28.1 28.1
14 10.2 8.99 6.55 27.7 28.2 28.2
16 9.94 9.04 6.75 27.8 28.4 28.4
18 9.81 9.03 6.87 27.9 28.6 28.5
20 9.71 8.97 6.95 28 28.7 28.7
22 9.65 8.92 6.98 28.1 28.9 28.8
24 9.64 8.88 6.99 28.2 29 28.9
26 9.64 8.85 6.97 28.3 29.1 29
28 9.63 8.83 6.96 28.4 29.2 29.1
30 9.63 8.82 6.95 28.5 29.3 29.2
32 9.63 8.81 6.95 28.6 29.4 29.3
34 9.62 8.81 6.94 28.7 29.5 29.4

Discussion

1) Plot the calibration curve of conversion vs. conductivity and discuss relationship
between these parameters.

CONDUCTIVITY VS CONVERSION
25
CONDUCTIVITY, mS/cm

20

15

10

0
0% 25% 50% 75% 100%
CONVERSION, %

From the graph, we can see that the conductivity is decrease when the conversion increase.
 2) Plot a graph of conductivity / conversion vs. time for each flow rate. Discuss a plotted
graph and make a comparison in term of conversion for each flow rate.

Flow rate at 100mL/min:

CONDUCTIVITY VS TIME
10
9
8
CONDUCTIVITY, mS

7
6
5 Conductivity 1
4 Conductivity 2
3
Conductivity 3
2
1
0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38
TIME, MIN

Flow rate at 150mL/min:

CONDUCTIVITY VS TIME
12

10
CONDUCTIVITY,mS

6 Conductivity 1
Conductivity 2
4
Conductivity 3
2

0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40
TIME, MIN

From the 2 graph above, we can see that the conductivity is increase within the time till it
constant for the flow rate at 100mL/min and 150mL/min. Then, we also know that conversion
also affects the conductivity. So, the lower the conversion the higher the conductivity.
3) Give the advantages of CSTR and compare with other types of reactor.

Advantages of CSTR are CSTR are continuous operation, good control and low
operating (labor) cost. Then, we know that CSTR has good temperature control than
PFR that has poor temperature control. Next, CSTR also is easy to clean than PFR
because cleaning for PFR may be expensive.

4) 4 examples on the applications of CSTR in chemical process or industries.

- Pharmaceutical
- Biological process
- Bio-fuels
- Waste treatment