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A Tool To Calculate Erlang Capacity of A BTS Supporting 3G UMTSsystem
A Tool To Calculate Erlang Capacity of A BTS Supporting 3G UMTSsystem
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In addition to the same-cell interference, signal received The result of varying q is to vary the maximum
from other CDMA sectors and other CDMA cells act as attenuation achievable and hence a graph of capacity
interferers to the receiver. The interference power from versus maximum cell radius is obtained (typically qis
other cells tends to fluctuate due to variation in traffic varied from 0.01, resulting high capacity and low cell
load in the cells. We express the average other-cell radius to 0.99, resulting in low capacity and high cell
interference, I,, as some fraction j3 of the total received radius). However, several problems arise from Eq. (1).
same-cell power. Equation (1) results in maximum path loss as q tends to
1, this is clearly against the reasonable expectation. Also,
The CDh4A system is an interference-limited system. The the maximum cell radius achievable is a function of grade
CDMA link performance depends on the ability of the of service. Therefore, we use slightly modified approach
receiver to discem signal in presence of interference. For to determine ( E a " ) . We use the following equation:
satisfactory performance of the CDMA link, a frame error
rate (FER) of about 1% is recommended. Field trials were
conducted to establish the required E D 0 value on the
uplink and various channels of the downlink to maintain
the recommended FER. The link budget is established to Where,
achieve the value of E D o . The required value of E D o
depends upon propagation environment and speed of the
mobile. Based on field trials the values of E D o suggested
for voice services are: low speed mobiles, speed 5 mph:
5 dB, medium speed mobiles, speed 5 to 40 mph 7 dB, F, is a sectorization factor which is a factor by which
and high-speed mobiles, speed > 40mph: 6 to 6.5 dB. We capacity is increased due to sectorization but takes into
use Viterbi equation for uplink to calculate (EdNd [5] account non-ideal antenna pattem. Real antenna pattems
are converted into an equivalent perfect sector but one,
1 which is wider than the ideal sector and overlaps the
(1) adjacent sector by a number of degrees. The sectorization
factor is given as:
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175
To maximize the capacity of the downlink, it is essential where L,, = uplink allowable path loss (dB), P,b = BS -
to control the power of the BTS as to allocate the power transmit power (dBm), (NF),,, = base station noise figure
to individual mobiles according to their needs. More (dB), pc =power control improvementfactor.
power is provided to those mobiles that receive highest
interference from the neighboring cells. Mobiles on the
boundaries may be in soft handoff, in which case they 3. RESULTSOF CAPAClTV/COVERAGE
also receive signal power from two or more cells. Power
control on the downlink is accomplished by measuring the
MODELS
mobile power received from its serving BTS and the total The results obtained using the models defined in section
received power. The information about these two power 2, are shown in Figures 1-8. Table 1 and 2 provide the
values is transmitted to the serving BTS. parameters used in obtaining the results. The data services
correspond to ETSI standard services LCD32, LCD144,
The downlink budget is used to c o n f i i that there is LCD384, UDD144 and UDD384. It should be noted that
sufficient margin for the downlink to perform efficiently. the capacity is for the entire 3 sector BTS rather than per
The downlink capacity depends on the power that is sector. The characteristic that the downlink maximum cell
available for the traffic channels. The power allocation to radius remains unchanged whereas the uplink maximum
each overhead channel is determined from field tests. On cell radius becomes successively smaller as service bit
the downlink extra traffic channels are required for the rate increases is clearly seen. Also the capacity
mobiles in various types of soft handoffs. The percentage achievable for high rate circuit switched services - is
of the coverage area in handoff is a design criterion. The relatively low.
extra number of traffic channels in handoff can be related
to the area in handoff.
Grade of Service 0.02
The technique for determining maximum achievable
- Chip Rate 3.86 Mcps
Number of Camers 1
attenuation for the downlink is fairly similar to the uplink
apart from one critical factor. The amount of power
1 Number of Sectors 3
Overlap 12 degrees
available to a particular user is not known as each user
receives a share of the total BTS power. Simply dividing Base Station TX Power 43 dBm
Mobile Station TX Power 21 dF3m
the total BTS power by the number of users within the
Base Station Antenna Gain 17 dBi
cell is clearly pessimistic, as less power is needed to
achieve a specified (EJNJ at edge of the cell than at the Mobile Station antenna Gain 0 dBi
center of the cell close to the BTS. In order to overcome Base Station Feeder Loss 2 dB
Mobile Station Feeder Loss 0 dB
this problem we introduce an empirical factor, the 4
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176
Service Uplink Downlink Service Activity traffic and statistically averaged over a range of different
bitrate EDo EOo Type Factor traffic levels of ,circuit mode traffic. The tool can be
(kbps) (dB) (&) effectively used for determining the total cell loading
8 5.3 7.9 circuit 0.5 under the combination of voice, circuit andor packet data
13 6.1 8.5 circuit 0.5 services.
32 4.3 6.6 circuit 1
144 3.1 4.8 circuit 1
circuit 1
1114
60.8 I
1.1
3 1
5.5
5.2 I packet I 1
"r
243.2 I 2.4 I
4.3 I
packet I 1
Table 2: @,,/NO)
requirements for the graphs of
capacity versus maximum cell radius.
- .
Figure. 5 Figure. 8
4. REFERENCES
1. Universal Mobile Telecommunications System
(UMTS), Requirements for UMTS Terrestrial
Radio Access System (UTRA), ETSI Technical
Report, UMTS 21,Ol version 3.0.1,November
1997
2. Universal Mobile Telecommunications System
(UMTS), Selection Procedures for the choice of
Radio Transmission Technologies (RTT) of the
UMTS, ETSI Technical Report, UMTS 30.03
version 3.1.0,November 1997
3. Garg, V.K., CDMA IS-95 and cdma2000,
Prentice Hall Inc., 2000
4. Lee, J., and Miller, L., CDMA System
EngineeringHandbook, Artech House, 1998
5. Viterbi, A., CDMA: Principles of Spread
Spectrum Communication,, Addison- Wesley,
1996