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 Original Title
The Big Book of Brain Games
Author:
Ivan Moscovich
Ian Stewart

Copyright 2001, 2006 by Ivan Moscovich

Originally published in October 2001 as 1000 PlayThinks: Puzzles, Paradoxes, Illusions & Games
ISBN-10: 0-7611-3466-2
ISBN-13: 978-0-7611-3466-4
All rights reserved. Authorized translation from the English language edition
Published by Workman Publishing Company, Inc. 708 Broadway, New York, NY 10003-9555 (U.S.A.)
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2/16/16 10:14 AM
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:dG :dG
:bdG :SG 11 :bdG :SG 10
dG OGYCG Hs e 1 dG dG
dG GYCG ``e GkOY j``Yh HQCG JJ ``j IMGh Y RCG .IdG WCG d e dG Gg
.SCG a VdG dG d OLh Y e cCJ ,IOLdG edG e Ie c a
j H ``K OGYCG fK ``jJ CG ``J ``g e .jJ dG dG a iNCG Y
?ee Zh a He dG a QNG j dG dG GdCG J
?cCH edG GoJ M

:HdG dG d
:dG
:bdG :SG
12
bdG HdG SCG
a ``SCG ``Vh g R``dCG ``e ``dG G``g ``e ``dG
``S CG ``j CG j :JBG ``YGd ``k ah ``jOdG
gh ,``FdG fdG ``UdG gJG ``e MGh ``dEG
b``dG ``dGh ``dGh ``dGh ``dGh ``dG)
j (HdG dGh HdG dGh bdG dGh
bQCG e bQ c dEG ``J dG ``SCG OY ih``j CG
k G jh ;``bdG Gg b e ``LQdG ``HdG
CG jC
IOLdG ``dG J .NGH ``S Y ``He c ``j
;d ``U Z ``dhe dH (Q``dG ``YCG) ``a
``S CG ``Vh ``j ``dG ``YGd ``k ah ``fC ``dPh
e G k``MGh C` H k Y ,``HdG ``e ``ZQdG M``dG ``a
.dEG j S Lj LQdG HdG
bdG HdG SC ec M k J CG J g
``SCG a) 5 JdG eh (dG YCG a) 4 JdG ``e
?(QdG SCG a) 6 JdG eh (dG

Big Book of Brain Games_ 1000 PLAY THINKS-CH1.indd 6 2/16/16 10:14 AM

 7 dG d dG dCG AKCG a dG

:HdG dG d
:dG
13
IQe UH dG
:bdG :SG
dG `` jGg `` e ,`` d `` Hb `` SdG `` UCG `` cCG GQ`` dG `` SdG G`` SH Uf
G kL dH GPE` `a ;ddG `` d hCG .aCG jdGh H UdG `` a I`` e IQ`` H `` jdGh
IQe jd kH c EGh M ``dG ``dCG ``J .L `` edG `` JM `` fGL
`` J `` a `` Y `` dG GQOEG Y JGQb J F``e gJ J jb bh `` M fCG e
GQgTj f b c .k` `J J ``Sh ,``gQJh ``fCG jdGh Sd dG SGQdG
`` FQ ,(Nob Yoshigahara) ``Sh ,``e IO``jR ``Y jdG Lnh `` bh ,c M `` dEG
dG S IdG jQNEG I`` dG jJ ``e i``dG IO``SG ``jC k G `` SdG sCG jdG `` dG e
NGHh e I``Y hCG ``NGH ,bhU ``Lj GP (Puzzletopia) `` HJ jRH uM N eh C` dGh HdG Ye `` e `` oj `` jdG hCG
a a G k``MGh k e CG ``Y GPEG ,e ``e ``fdG ,`` d dhdG J `` e{ :I`` e GHEG j S FdG g dG dG jdG GQdG e
W K ,a d Y c bH NGH hU c fsa c .d `` g dG Ea .jd SdGh IdGh `` j e Y Qd `` k e J
hdG e G kMGh k e J CG H QJ CG e
,fdG hdG e e IY ``J CG hCG hCG .zaCGh aCG UCG cCGh cCG IQe `` dH dG `` j g e`` SG ch IQO`` dH
P dG ``S a aCG ``j ``jQdG C` a
?za d{ Y dG bdG

:HdG dG d :HdG dG d
:dG :dG
:bdG :SG 16 :bdG :SG 14
d ,YOeh ``H dC` dG g hJ ,(Sam Loyd) SQdGh dG
Z HLEG bJ dG HLEG CG AdG Qj e Y``S 15 dG
``ae ``J ``g ,``gdG ``JGQb G``SH UMh 15 ``L Jf eJ
k ``e bQCG ``N
,gP IQH dG Gg M Y GQk Ob J d GPEG .U .120 HV
``dG ``HdG ``NGO ``dG I``YQ j``T ``Vh ``c
Hd bh
s j``dG Gg ``f hM ,bQh e` k `e ?dG bQCG g OJ CG J g
``dG I``YQ CG ``d h``j ``H ``dG ``H ``LJ
.dP
GkO``YG ``dG G``g ``H) ?``dG ``g ``cj
g e H SCG hJ dG J dG g :J jd S Vh dG ``SdG QdG YN d Y
.Y

:HdG dG d
:dG
:bdG :SG 15
30 dG
IMGh de ``e fe ``eJ
k e ``bQCG ``N
GPEG .2520 ``HV ``UMh 30 ``L ``Jf ``a
a ,``bQCG g ``e ``g 8 h 1 ``bdG CG ``Y
?bdG KdG bQCG jJ J

Big Book of Brain Games_ 1000 PLAY THINKS-CH1.indd 7 2/16/16 10:14 AM

 dG dCG a dG dG d 8

:HdG dG d :HdG dG d
:dG 19 :dG
:bdG :SG :bdG :SG 17
2 NGdG HdG dG ehdG L
``H IdG ``dG ``HdG ``Vh ``J ``g Q``S dhe c H .AdG ``e dG Gg hj ,dhCG gd
eo f jd ;dG OedG HdG a ``Fe hCG) ``dG ``b ``e ``jdG ``Vh ``j CG ``b ``dG
e ``M HQCG GhP ``k He ``Y ``fK ``e ``H dG Gg AH dh .dG Gg a (ehdG
Hd LQdG dG ``J HdG gh .Fd U gP e t J Js GPEG
WdG AdG ``dG N ?IdG ``dG
``HdG ``Vh ``J ``Y IY``d ``YCG
.NGdG

:HdG dG d
:dG
:bdG :SG 18
QGfCG C` fG GPEG .NCG ``fd e ``LhRh ,``UCG
adG OY a ,dG a jRb QNG Y ch
dG a ab
e MGh hR OLh d QdG Gg e S dG ``N :GQOCG e QO ``a GRk b h``Yh ``KG ``Lj
?bCG Y f dG fd GhRCG ``HQCGh ,MCG fd GR``dG ``g ``e GhRCG

Big Book of Brain Games_ 1000 PLAY THINKS-CH1.indd 8 2/16/16 10:14 AM

 9 dG d dG dCG AKCG a dG

FGYh dG LGM Y dG
Vj dG ``VGaG e OY ``bCG Y ``fEG ;J ``e H ``aCG ``H ``ZeO ``j
Y a j eCG{ gdG QNG dEG dG Cd ch ,``f M JG e Ff OH dG Y QOb ``da
HLEG Y QdG a aCG Ua d aJ YGHEG fCG e ``f dH ``e ``JG c ,H``dG
d ,dG jDhQ Y JQb M a dhCG Ja a M ah ,d M hCG ``d ,``dG ``JG O``Y `` oM) .``dG
Y JQb Y a j dG Y dG eh ,i``NCG Ia ua ,``dG e e e 60 ``j 1 - GvL Ic ``dG ``fc
.zdG jDhQ ahdG ``dG GQ``dG J ``dG ``M ``Y .(jfdG Y f fCa - HdG QUCG
e J CG ``j dG gdG ``LGdG ``SH
(G. K. JJ . . J a , kMVh ``HLCG cCGh ``HCG dEG ``UdG dG Q``aCG e dG O``dG e ``ZdG ``Y
Chesterton) A``fEG e ``MCG ``H ``a ``gdG ``LGdG U dG Y ``J CG EG ,a dG ``j
e ``j ``NBG ``H CG ``M ``a ,``JGP A``dG d jH Yf hCG e dG H gh ,GvL
UdG Y Y Y cdGh bdG edG YdG ``g MoJ .dG ``e e QG``e ``bCH
g RdCG ``aCG J e kdZ ,h``j e ``Y .dG gJG hCG dG Z jdG dEG Cj dG dGh ``dG ``S a dG hCG
j ``e Y ``dEG AdG ``M j ``dG hCG dG H Qa :dG d dG e
e j``dG dGh R``dCG ``Ye ``SG Gg ``jh ,Z hj h fgPCG dEG QOj dG
gEG N ``e hCG ,adCe ``Z jH eG``SG
IOd ``e GhO``SGh ,``gdG ``LGdG ``g dG Ye ec s o j CG a eY H SCG
JH Jfe J N e hCG ,J ``VGaG
d ,FjEG GQ``e ``dEG ``Ud ``dG GA``jEG
``dEG ``TdG ``dG OD` j ``e ``k da ;O``Y ``Z ``NGO ``jUe ``dG ``oj CG ``j .``e
LGdG ``e ddG I``fe Q``fG ``e ``ZdG ``Y
d ``j ``MCG ``H a ``fCG ``M ``a ,A``T UdG ``dG GQ``dGh Q``aCG e ``Ye
``e G``J U``TCG ``e ``jdG CG EG ,``gdG
eY .``d Ud ``SCG ``J CG ``WCG i``NCG ``j ``fEG PEG ;``Y ``H ``dP ``dh ,``H
``bh ``a ``Mh I``eh I``e ``e ``de
g Y d f aCG Ea ,Y LM ``LGj fC ;dG M Y gYJ b dG edG
g a jCk G ``jh ,e bhCG ``a hCG ``MGh
.Y bdG dh dM e J CG .fhQj WH
fCGh H Ia G``SGh ,cGQOEGh ``dG
.cP IQH dG M Y J geh ``J GPEG ``aCG ``jH ``dG ``M ``j

:HdG dG d
:dG
:bdG :SG 20
T J M T Y d
HQCG ``dG Vh ``jo ``SdG ``dG G``g ``a
.dG (T ) dG d k e AGdG
?k e dG g JJ c J CG J g
iNCG e Mk d bh u HQCG dG fG
. dG NBG a HLEG dEG J CG b dPh

Big Book of Brain Games_ 1000 PLAY THINKS-CH1.indd 9 2/16/16 10:14 AM

 dG dCG a dG dG d 10

:HdG dG d
:dG
:bdG :SG 21
ceCG OJ
H a Qa e Y jdG UGbCG fG hCG dG fG RdCG J
c ae RdCG g M e j IOYh ,a dG jJ j
ceCG OJ d jo .QdG dG dEG fh dG jJ
a Qa e CG O``Lh Y e UGbCG ``fG d ``e
N e c Ub k KKh J j .dG
iNCGh SCGQ gGMEG ,``dG jH Jb
``Y fK e e ``S c Jh ,aCG
c H c``e UGbCG HQCG ``gh ``Ub
k
i``MEG ``a ``MGh ``Ub ``jJ .``dG
L UGbCG jJ dEG ODj dG
iMEG ``e UGbCG ``oJ ; ``dG J ``a
``N ``e i``NCG ``dG ``dEG ``dG
IdG ``dEG JdG i``MEG ``e cdG ``jJ
,dG AG``M ``Ub
k ``Y ``KG ``Lj .i``NCG
AGU UGbCG fKh dG AbQR Ub k Y KGh
a k He AG``dG UGbCG ``oJ ,jGdG ``a .``dG
H dG ``Y j dG cdG O``Y c .dG ``Sh
?QRCG He dG SdG a MCG HdG jd

:HdG dG d
:dG
:bdG :SG 22
fLCG NG
Y J ``dh ,``aN ``o u J LQ ``M J I``FW ``WCG ``HQCG ``Lj
M dG e bdG e M k HQCG jdG LCG oJ CG j LdG
eEG FGY ``H QdG ``T jdG cdG e ce c J M ,LdG
FG``dG JdG e .e ``jCG fdG Y hCG LdG e jCG fdG Y
W e W c ``J CG dMG e ,HQCG QdG d ``dG ``L
,VdG dG a) ?LdG M Y dG dG fGL e k fL QdG
.(LdG j Y c QdG TCG Lu ho

Big Book of Brain Games_ 1000 PLAY THINKS-CH1.indd 10 2/16/16 10:14 AM

 11 dG d dG dCG AKCG a dG

:HdG dG d :HdG dG d
:dG 24 :dG
:bdG :SG :bdG :SG 23
.zbCG Y IMGh d jEG NG ,k M{ :fCG db
dG IjL dG bQe
``J ``a ,``U GQ``dG ``g i``MEG ``fc GPEG
,AG``YCG ``WQdG ``g ``SQ ``dG ``UdG `n `s V e G kMGh d ,jEG Y Kj AbUCG e ``KK
?jEG YNG dG dCG OY ae
g .``U Z ``a I``MGh ``L ``HH ``dPh .dG j a
?dG aoO jCG ae j J g ,dG g a jE IQU Vh k G
p ,jC
.zdCG e jEG NG{ :L b
?Y QdG
e bCG GkO``Y NG ``a ;dP ``j ``d { :Q``L ``b
.zdCG g

g d dG

d dG
Y dG IjG
QdG

g ae dG

:HdG dG d
:dG
:bdG :SG 25
dG Sa
dG OY e .e d d dG g e M c
d dG dG JJ dN e j dG dG
?dG e M QhJ

EG gGdG bdG a{
Y SQdG eJ HCG
V dG FdH jGQO
(Archimedes p) SNQCG
.zLCG e JH
.(Ernest Renan) jQ fjEG

Big Book of Brain Games_ 1000 PLAY THINKS-CH1.indd 11 2/16/16 10:14 AM

 dG dCG a dG dG d 12

:HdG dG d :HdG dG d
:dG 27 :dG
:bdG :SG :bdG :SG 26
jddG b
dG OY c .AdG e e GfCG N jd
GPEG dG Gg AW dN e j dG dG
v fs d
?e H dGh fCGh dG e c

e c ``So c GPEG .5 dG e I``NCG ``dG dG o Y

``j ``dGh ``eeCG :``adG ``dP ``a ``H ,``S 6
``e 1 ``bQ ``dG ``Y ``f ``dG ``Y ``Lhn
Y b dG adG e ,``S f e c ``S
jd ``e H dG h``J a CG``Hh ,1 ``dG
?dG

:HdG dG d
:dG
:bdG :SG 28
FK jJ
e GhRCG hCG ``dG e GhRCG dOe ``dG Gg ``j
jf iMEG d MGh OY hCG U b hCG I``YCG
dG dEG ``FGHG dG ``j H iNCG ``e
G kMGh Gk J I``MGdG cdG hCG IdG ``oJ .``FdG
d (J) ``LJ IOYEG hCG IYCG hCG ``dG ``a
Mf ``Y dhCG ``fCG ``e ``Fk e .``MGd O``d hCG
``Mf ``Y IO``LdG ``FdG ``fCG ``fCG ,Q``dG
?f c AfE HdG cdG OY e .dG
dhCG dG bQ MCG NCG dG

dhCG dG bQ MCG NCG dG

Big Book of Brain Games_ 1000 PLAY THINKS-CH1.indd 12 2/16/16 10:14 AM

 13 dG d dG dCG AKCG a dG

:HdG dG d
:dG
:bdG :SG
29
dG Md d
``Y i``NCG ``f ``dEG ``f ``e ``dG ``J ``g
W Y IOLdG ``HdG bQCG H ``d ``MdG
?adG
dG G``WC jh``e dGWCG Gb H ``a ``j
Vdh ``fOCG ``dG a VdG ``dG ``dG
J dG G``dG e ``S JCj ``a ,dG G``g
VdG ``dG Y 5 ``bdH ``dG ``dG ``H
.YCG
:g H dG dG GdG GWCG

:HdG dG d :HdG dG d
:dG 31 :dG
:bdG :SG :bdG :SG 30
L hCG IQU `` L a J dG KdG `` LhCG
WdG dG OGYCG dPh ;dH `` dG CG ;`` KG dG MGh g `` Hc
fe Y K AdEG
a IU adG ``HQCG dEG dG ``g ``S `` S fe Y K a `` J Ie CG a `` fC :JCj H HLCa ,MG Y FbUCG MCG dCS
.jfEG ``c dEG ``dG a dG OGYCG ``jd gc hCG IQU gc eEG `` He Lh bCG Y J CG `` MG Ea `` fe Y `` K AdEG `` Y{
.?dG cG J g OJ dG g ddG fdG dG E` `a Ks eh ,Hc
.zdG
J CG MG a ,k e c GPEGh ?eo jU g
IdG `` fdG `` dG a IgdG `` KdG `` LhCG
?Hc L hCG IQU L

Big Book of Brain Games_ 1000 PLAY THINKS-CH1.indd 13 2/16/16 10:14 AM

 dG dCG a dG dG d 14

?dCG f GPd
``dG ``jf ``ah ``dG ``d JG``S ``H ``dG ``dG ``e ``c ``a ``dCG CG H- f f ,cPh M Fc ``H
QJ dCG EG ``bGdG a .jC
k G IQ``dG ``d .IQdG ``f ``dG ``dG ``SG ``a ``dG -``dG
hD` dG e a kjJ Qs` Jh ,P``f ``T ``Y ``Y ``d ``j ``T c CG ``YCG ``fCG ``cG ``dch ``jNBG ``cGh ,``a
j c .``YLG odGh ``dc f``fEG i``dG ``a ``dG ``J ``e G k``J ``cCG G``e ``dG ``SG ``a ``dG G``g G``SHh
``gCG ``e I``MGh ``UCG ``dCG CG ``VJ ``jC
k G e j ``dG dG ``aCG g ``a ,``j ``dG GPd j ``MCG ;eCG dEG ``aGO j ``dG
dh dG ``c :Ya ``cCG GQ``SG i``bCGh d ``e `k `jH ``e ``e ``eCG ``cG ``dN fCG Qd H f CG j g , kU bGdG oj
?jQGdG dh I``dG b Y AdG ``dh ``dG cCG g ``e d J ``dCa ?``LdG ``de H eb E` a ,dHh ?`` kU ``j CG ``j
Y dCG J : kVGh dG j e ``k FGO Y ``dY Y``J ;``VdGh ``dGh ``dG ``e adG ``Mh dG ``Jh ``J ``dG ``dCG
CG dG ``e fCG j ``dh RdG ``a ``Zj ``adGh h``dG ``J ``N ``e Q``dGh ``dG I``e .A``MCG ``fCH ``f ``j ``jd ``SGh
.Ghj Vh Y ``dCG ``J .GNGh ``SGh f dh dP AGQh ``dG f fEa ,iNCG

:HdG dG d :HdG dG d
:dG
33
:dG 32
:bdG :SG :bdG :SG

1 dG H dSQ dG H dG
AdG ``dEG d``SdG g e F``SQ dG AY ``SQCG ?dG dSdG g J a J g
``Y ``cdG I``dG ``e ``UGJ ``bY ``ebE ``LQdG
jdG IdG ``TCG J d d M .iNCG ``cGdG
dG fdG a hCG HdGh IAhdG d a e g
J CH eCj ``MdG Ea ,aK e Q``dG ``J
,e ``UGd ``SdG G``SH g I``dG ``TCG
``SQoCG ``dG Gd ;VjdG ``a ``YQH G``fj CGh
VjdG Oeh FdG R``edG J dG F``SdG
?fOCG VdG dSdG ReQ a J g ?dG

:HdG dG d
:dG
:bdG :SG 34
2 dG H dSQ
d``SdG ``J ``b ``jdG ``FdG CG ``Vf ``YO
TCGh dG e dG H Y Oa HdG
?dSdG g e dG a J a .SdG

Big Book of Brain Games_ 1000 PLAY THINKS-CH1.indd 14 2/16/16 10:14 AM

 15 dG d dG dCG AKCG a dG
``FdG ``Y ``dH ``dG A``Y ``gG
GSH Ghd k``e Ga ;cdG FdG ZdG Y .kjJ ``cdG Gg Y ``T c dEG
d``SQ ``e mA``L ``Y ``k H ``SdG H``dG
``Sh -IO``e ``Z hCG IO``e ``fc AG``S -
``fCG ``e ``ZdG ``Y ,``d ``dG ``dG
hMh .h``J c hCG d``SdG g ``g e ``MCG ``j
dG dEG I``jY F``SQ ``SQEG jNBG a AY
c Q``Jh ``J ``jQJ R``eQ ``T ``Y I``dG
NCG ``dEG j``dG IdG ``TCG ``e Ak G``HG ,A``T
``dG QdG g M d ,``FdG ``UdG
d FdG g ``e AcdGh YGdG H ``J
d ``FdG dG VjdG a``S ``HQ
.QdG hCG RdCG g e
dY d ``gMh VjdG ``J CG ``j
FdG ``e gZh ``dG ``b ``e ``a ``j
cGdG hCG dG H dG J a ;FdG
.z...KK ,KG ,MGh{ J CG j H zkMe{
e dG OGYCG{
IQOf ,edG LdG
.zOLdG
(Ren Descartes) QjO jQ
Big Book of Brain Games_ 1000 PLAY THINKS-CH1.indd 15
OGYCG N e UGdG
HdG dG ``Uh ``e (Johannes Gutenberg) dG ATCG gCG e dG J Y IQdG t J
UNh - ``dG J ;``S e ``dG ``Kj
j e G``S ``doH dG h``dG ``a ``e ``SdG ``H ``UGdG ``L ``Y - ``HdG ``dG
e ,a IMGh (IjL) H dh d 3000 ``e eRCGh ceCGh GMCGh hdG a j jdG
R``edG G``SG CG EG ,(Esperanto) fG``SEG eh VdG Y ``dG aj e EG ;ke dG
a .Gkc GkQfG fG b H dG dG d .dG e JCj dG Y DdG H j
RedGh GQ``TEH ke jdG ddG t ` jo ,``bGdG id dGh ``VGdG dG Y ``d
.dG g :``dG a ``JCj e ``NCG ``Lj ,``dG ``gCG
hO e A``T e e ``Y ``J CG ``dG ``e
G``fCG ``e ``f Q``X ``jedG ``dG ``J
j ,``bGdG ``a ?GQ``TEG hCG ``dG G``SG
Seh e Y j M dG dG
kdY j ``S dG hO e ``ddG CG ``SdG
a R``edG d ``Vh ``ddG ``bdG ``a ``JG
.gReQ .dG e kdN
``jdG ``dG ``UCG ``e Y``Sh ``dG
L``S dG ``TCGh IdG QaCG jd
GQ``TEG ``N ``e ``eEG ``jv H ``dG ``oJ
Gg ``j .edG ``Y ``Y ``ee AY``SGh
,dG ``e G``Mh ``J ``He ``eY ``Jo ``dG
dG ``J ``b ``H Gv` L I``c Y``H ``dG
M a ``Hk e kFc ``J dG R``edG ``N ``e hCG
``e ``UGd ``H ``KdG F``SdG ``cCG ``HdG
20000 ``e dG ``e ``FdG ``fdG ``gORG .``JGP
T CG EG b GPEG df a ;eOdG LCG FMEH ``dG b dhCG c M e ``S
g fc AGS -dG dEG dSQ ``SQEG hj N e hCG ,``dG Y ``TdG N e ``H
M GkjJ hCG ``Y ``Fd ``jv QcJ k``T d``SdG ``dG G``SG ``dP ``YCG ``K ,``TCG ``SQ
``dEG ``dG hCk G ``Y ``j - e``S ``jf ``be ``fc ,O``dG ``b 300 ``Y ``H .O``e ``H
e UGd ``dG AY b e doH ``dG O``dG Fd ``e 750000 ``Y ``J jQ``SEG ``e
cGdG Y ``LPfh cdG IdG ``M ``TCG a dGh (``ddG g``T e ``YCG) O``dG
.iNCG .RedGh GQTEG GSG N e
bdG a jdG FdG g e Lh GPEG :e LddG GQ``dG ``e ,``dP ``H
dG ``e d uC` H ``jGQO ``Y ``J ``a ,``gGdG ``YdGh (``dG ``YNG ``dG) ``YdG
.IAhdG hCG HdG ffEG ``fZ ``fgj ``YNG ``dG) ``cdG
2/16/16 10:14 AM
 dG dCG a dG dG d 16

:HdG dG d :HdG dG d :HdG dG d

:dG :dG :dG
:bdG :SG 37 :bdG :SG 36 :bdG :SG 35
S - S WHdG dG JdG HdG
Ge K 6 bdG G``S e jW ``g ``g ,k e e ``e gc ``HQo ``gQ ``g ``dG Wf H f VCG ``a a``dG J
?7 bdG JdG d ``a ``j ``g .``dG ``a ``Ve ``g ``c ``Y ``dG ``VQGdG ``e ``KG ``Lj .Q``eCG 5
IY a hCG ``dG b hO e H ``Y ``f VY ``j ,L ``M ``T Y dG ``dG ``S
?dG Y dG g .QeCG 4^8 ``dWh ,G kMGh Gk ` e e I``MGh c
Y dG ``dG ``S e Qd e ``jW ``g
e d QhdG HdG dG S dEG L M T
VQdG d hCG ``VQdG N e ``dG hO
?k e UJ hCG dG

e 5

e 5
e 4.8
:HdG dG d
:dG
:bdG :SG
38
hdG a dG jJ
MdG h``dG d ,``S 70 dW ``ddG ``S j CG ``L ``jj
j g .``S 50 YJQGh ``S 30 VYh ``S 40 ``dW ``j ``aGdG
?hdG Gg a Fe H dG Vh

:HdG dG d
:dG
:bdG :SG 39
b N dEG J
``J g .``He ``b ``HQCG ``dEG ``dG ``dG ``j
?He b N dEG HCG HdG J

Big Book of Brain Games_ 1000 PLAY THINKS-CH1.indd 16 2/16/16 10:14 AM

 17 dG d dG dCG AKCG a dG

:HdG dG d :HdG dG d
:dG :dG
:bdG :SG 41 :bdG :SG 40
dG HCG d jdG XdG
?jdG QdG a RdCG cCG MCG M J g e je j fOCG VdG s ``SdG
k ffdG W``SCG a dG HCG c
,ICGeG ``SCGQ j ``Mh Q``dG Y O``LdG ``SdG .O``HCG ``KK ``d
W je GHCG Sj dG HCa ,``f LCGh SCG ``Lh ``SdG Vj H ;``eCG ``e ``dG ``T ``j
NO dhj e L ``dG dG GH jk ue (Thebes) .I``Te jH YCG e ``dG Gg dG Y
:jdG Yh ,jdG ``dG Gg ``T jJ ``J g
bh eb Yh ,dG ``a LQCG HQCG Y j dG ``e{ ?d J SQ
?dG Y LQCG Kh IdG
,dG G``g Y HLEG ``j ``T CG ``j ``dG ``HCG c
dG HCG Y c .dG Gg T CG M s GPEG f eH Jh
.dG M (Oedipus) ``SjOhCG ``NCG eY H J ``H ``j CG
?dG Gg M J g

:HdG dG d :HdG dG d
:dG :dG
:bdG :SG 43 :bdG :SG 42
AdG Ye dG YdG dG
b .IgR H a AN fBG N dG Hb .jT QH v Ya k b jY dEG bh ,jH JQU b K ,YdG dG Gg fG
dbh .zU fCG{ :AGdG dG hP N ``dG
.zH ``fCG{ :AG``dG ``dG GP A``N ``fBG :1 dG
bCG Y e G kMGh C e c V dP H He ``f d j``dG dG ``LG
CG ``J g ,edG g Y AH .j c .ShDhQ S d
dG hP ``jCGh AG``dG ``dG hP ``jCG O``J :2 dG
?AGdG j`` dG `` dG `` LG
`` e `` HQCG u ` `o d
. dG YS UCG

Big Book of Brain Games_ 1000 PLAY THINKS-CH1.indd 17 2/16/16 10:14 AM

 dG dCG a dG dG d 18

dH MdG g ;jdG :ddG MdG
gj dG ``S a ;Jd ``Le eh
,dG A``fCG L ``a HdG ``dG ``T
.zgBG{ d dG g Y j Hh
;``dG ``ZU ``dG :``HGdG ``MdG
QX Oe IdG eh ``j MCG H ``a
kFGO A``dG ``Y j .``eCG ``bGh ``a ``S I``a
:AL gCG JCj dP H ``K dG U e ``dG
.ee jH jNBd dG T
dG d MGe HQCG
``e G``bGh ``fdG :``fdG ``MdG ``dG ``dG ``d ,G``HEd ``Uh ``LJ
Y ``fOHG AGQh ``dG ``j ``MCG ``a ;``dG SSCG GN HQCG dEG QTCG VdG Gg SQO
A``Y ``H i``j . CG ``e ``dP ``gh ``dG :d M OjE
``e I``e ``dH ``dG ``Y O``HG CG ``dG
bdG Qh``H fCG ``NBG H i``j ``H ,``MGdG jh ;dGh OG``YEG :dhCG ``MdG
gJh ``jJ -``jOGQEG ``jH- Q``J ``fEa Ie If NCGh MhdG ``dG IAGb ``dP
,``dG c vjCG .``dG M dG ``edG dH UdG G``dG J feEG ``ah ,``Y
Z bdGh Ah``dG H j ``YGHEG ``da ``dG ``J ``dR ``e ``fEa ,``dP c ``H .G k``L
.dG .bdG HdG h bdG

:HdG dG d
:dG
:bdG :SG 44
dG Wf
H XJ CG ``J ``g
IgdG dG Wf
b ``e ``dG ``YCG ``a
IgdG ba dG AdG
?dG SCG a

:HdG dG d
:dG
:bdG :SG 45
jdG WdG
O``SCG dG j H dG MCG dG ``SQo
k G dG
``Y ``dG hCG QdG dEG NGdG e jC
e MCG ``N ``SQ ``J g .jdH Ge
WJ ``J a ``f O``SCG dG j jL
?a

Big Book of Brain Games_ 1000 PLAY THINKS-CH1.indd 18 2/16/16 10:14 AM

 19 dG d dG dCG AKCG a dG

:HdG dG d :HdG dG d
:dG :dG
:bdG :SG 47 :bdG :SG 46
UdG e NGdG OdG
`` `a jO`` `SCG `` `dG `` `H G``e ``V ``W ``dG ``He IO``S ``NGJ
`` `JJ `` `J `` `g ,`` `ceCG V ``W ``e ``UCG ``dG ``He IO``S ``e
H L dEG `` `k L dG IdG IO``dG jGhR iMEG J ``H ,MGh ``e
k e dG jg MCG e CGj Gk L oJ GgCG O``Lh gEH .IdG IO``dG ``ce a
Y dG jhJ Y j ?NBG dH ``f ``e ,JO``d
.jJ ``e ``dG ``dG
?IdG IOdG

:HdG dG d :HdG dG d
:dG :dG
:bdG :SG 49 :bdG :SG 48
jjdG bdG a K QGd (Murphy) aQe fb
H ``jjdG ``bdG ``a K ``Y ``J ``g Ga QGdG e GhRCG N Z H cG fs CG J
?dN e LQ d j H Gk c j k
?MG cCG g JBG gjQdG e CG .e KG
HQCG jd dGh QGdG e G kMGh LhR
k j ``HQdG .CG
.ec GhRCG
LhRh QGdG e GhRCG KK BG jd dG.
x IMGh IOH
.e d
CG ``j CG ``j{ ``aQe OQGh``jEG ``dG ``b
j a .ze bh CGSCG ah JOGQEG Y AT
?QGdG QO Y aQe fb

Big Book of Brain Games_ 1000 PLAY THINKS-CH1.indd 19 2/16/16 10:14 AM

 dG dCG a dG dG d 20

:HdG dG d :HdG dG d
:dG :dG
:bdG :SG
51 :bdG :SG 50
H VCG h``e k e 15 ``dEG bCG Y ``dG e Z SGS e JdG bQ
``UH ``SGdG ``dG ``T e`
k `e .``e
k s e ``S dEG OdG ``SGdG dG ``J ``j AdG hd gYa ;FY OGaCG Y ICGeG as J
CG j ?dG dG Y QdG ``J g ,dO
``dG ``Y GP``e ``d .``Heh ``VCG jh``e H d ``Jg bQ gYCGh ,``ddG ``dG ``a
?He dG a dG H J
``J j ?``dG ``a ``c ``dG ``Z ``SGdG fCG ICG``dG ``cG ``dG ``ah .``YdG ``cCd
bQCG CG ``cJ ``d ,``JdG ``bQ ``JJ ``f
Hc IdG Qb ,Yh ;2 ,3 ,4 ,5 ,6 ,7 ,8 fc
a .v FGY dG bQCG g e L OGYCG
?FdG g a FdG bQ MG

:HdG dG d :HdG dG d :HdG dG d

:dG :dG :dG
:bdG :SG
54 :bdG :SG
53 :bdG :SG 52
2 ae 1 ae fdG Y KG s o dG
.Ije dhW Y UTCG S L e ``T c ajo ,``YCG ``LQ LG ``a ;GdCG IO``e ``dG dG jhJ ``J ``g
GPEG .``a IMGh I``e L ``jNBG U``TCG ``d ``HdG ``MdG G``dCG ``HJ ``H
Z jCG ad dG YdG OY c
``J ``g ,``ae I``Y ``N ``g ``fc ?IQhdG
BG a e c ``j dGh ,``H ``a ``WdG
?MGh ?LG Gg a QdG OY jJ

Big Book of Brain Games_ 1000 PLAY THINKS-CH1.indd 20 2/16/16 10:14 AM

 21 dG d dG dCG AKCG a dG

:HdG dG d
:dG
:bdG :SG 55
(Tangram) GfJ e
b e ``fe Yd ``dG dG ``d ``g G``fJ
k e J j fGdG YHQ bh ``fGdG KK
KCG 1942 ``Y a .IdG ``TCG e OY ``jd
(Fu Traing) ``jJ a :``dG ``VjdG ``dY
SG
``dG GfJ ``b CG (Chuan Chih) ``J G``Jh
dG Y k e Hk e k e Y KK oJ CG j
``Th VCG YHQ ``TCG ``Sh MGh e :JBG
VCG YHQ .``VCG ``SGS ``TCG ``HQCGh ``VCG ``SN
b CG ``c ,``dG a ``J ``Y ``KdG ``dG
(He) YHdG ``TCG ``MCG Y Vh ``b G``fJ
GfJ b JJ J g .CGdG Gg Y gd
SGdG
? iNCG Y KG dG jd
G

:HdG dG d :HdG dG d
:dG :dG
:bdG :SG 57 :bdG :SG 56
ehdG fCG
c ``a ``dG ``Y IO``LdG ``fCG ``fco
fK e fe ec ``ehO Ye e IQ``U
VdG ehdG b e b jYh
MdG ``N e .Q``dG ``Mf ``Y
J jW jJ J g ,bdG
CG j ?``dH ehdG ``b
Jh ehdG b b j
.dG dEG UdG Y G kYe

NCG LdG
CGJ fCGh ,dG ``dG e a Qe fCG ``J
Y NCG LdG{ :dG ``jGH e JBG Q``dG
n jo IC` ah .aZ ``a G kMh ``j ``VQCG ``Lh
z!adG H
``dhCG ``dG ``a I``MGh ``c ``J ``J ``g
?TCG dG Y dG b LdG dY d

Big Book of Brain Games_ 1000 PLAY THINKS-CH1.indd 21 2/16/16 10:14 AM

 dG dCG a dG dG d 22

:HdG dG d :HdG dG d
:dG :dG
:bdG :SG 59 :bdG :SG 58
IOdG AGLCG dG Je
,``d ``dG ``SSCG ``jJ ``J ``g Af fK ``FdG ``s M ``UhCG
?bdG HdG cEG a SSCG Gg GSGh ,``a ``S ``dG ``dG ``dEG
A``dh ,8 adG Mh 1 ``adG ``e
IhY ,k n s n eo JdG J d ,``ddG
``e ``JdG ``N ``s dG CG ``Y
e ,C` dGh HdG ``N ``e .``H
Y j dG hdG e OY bCG
GHCG ``d ``H ``dG ``FdG ``s M
?L

:HdG dG d
:dG
:bdG :SG 60
HdG J
KG HdG b ``JJ IOYEG ``J g
d jCG HdG e dCj dG j``dGh
?dG Y HdG

:HdG dG d
:dG
:bdG :SG 61
ANCG e mN He
He NGO Ju Qo KG dEG ``MGh gGH dG e ``b
WoCG HdG NGO ``e N OLh Y f ``jH
GM Y j dG Ggh dG Z dG SG Y
HdG fdG dEG HdG fGL MCG e Fk e dG
b JJ IO``YEG ``J g ,i``bCG ``g A``fE . ``d
e k dN ``jdG HdG ``j H HdG ``a ``dG
?dG Z dG Gg

Big Book of Brain Games_ 1000 PLAY THINKS-CH1.indd 22 2/16/16 10:14 AM

 23 dG d dG dCG AKCG a dG

:HdG dG d
:dG
:bdG :SG 62
SGS N e T
OjE L dEG k L e ``SGS ``TCG ``N Vh j
.s o dG Yj T
Ub ``d ``e 11 ``SG ,`k `e ` k `T 22 ``g
.QdG dEG dG
s o dG e MGh c O uMo ,Y QdG d)
d HQCG s o dG g e CG jJ J g (eZ H
?dG Ub J a j

:HdG dG d :HdG dG d
:dG :dG
:bdG :SG 64 :bdG :SG 63
FdG LG cdG S
:LG G``g ``M e ``Fd ``dG ``d A``d ``a S K `` ` `S Vj
e KG ,A``HBG ``e KG ,I``MGh IL ,``MGh ``L Y ,cdG `` ` `S e
,NCG ,MGh CG ,OMCG ``KK ,AHCG HQCG ,``eCG `` ` `dG e I`` ` `MGh c
CG ,h``dG CG ,dG ``e KG ,A``HCG ``e ``KG fCG Vd .`` ` `dG
``bY c G``T ``M GPEG ..``HG ``LhR ,h``dG dJHh IMGh IRe jJ
OY c ``a ,AdG G``g (``HGh CG ``bY CG) ,IMGh `` ` `MJh I`` ` `MGh
? QdG dG jJ J g
?aS dG

Big Book of Brain Games_ 1000 PLAY THINKS-CH1.indd 23 2/16/16 10:14 AM

 dG dCG a dG dG d 24

RdCG He dCG
(tic-tac- hCG ,(XO) ``cEG d hCG YdG ``d . keJ ``VGh ``d RdCGh dCG ``H ``UdG IOH fCG Y a QGSG Qd j
,bGdG a .ke j d fEa ,U H toe) ,dG dCG e jdG VjdG AY ``SQO GPEG MGh ``M d dG) RdCG ``M N e I``eZ
J GPh keJ eeh H dCG fc GPEG a G kHCG ``J ``d JG``SEG ``dg CG Gh``Lh h dCG ``d N eh (``U jH ``oH ``e
.RdCG e c M dEG hS fEa ,L GPEG ,dG ``S Y ;YdG ``MC RdG ``J Ohda ;(IY e ``H J CG j ``dG)

:HdG dG d :HdG dG d :HdG dG d

:dG :dG :dG
:bdG :SG 67 :bdG :SG 66 :bdG :SG 65
dG 2 OdG T AjRCG VY
Kh ``jQ 100 a ``e jf ``bQh ``K ``jd bdG GSH Hc J dG OGYCG OY e ,``VdG ``e ``Y A``jRCG ``VQY ``K ``LJ
k 50 ``a e ``jf ``bQh
K a YRu ho ``bh ,jQ VjQ R``eQ CG G``SG Y ``e ,Ge ``K 2 ,AbQdG ``fBGh jOQdG ``fBGh AG``dG ``fBG
``bQh ``Y ``dM c ``J ``H ``M ?iNCG :``JBG ``dG ``Y fk ``a ``e I``MGh c ``JJ
,`k `jQ 150 ,``jQ 200 :``JBG ``dG ``Y ``jf .QRCG dGh NCG dGh OQdG dG
dG ``Y ddG ``g ``c ``d ,``jQ 100 jOQdG fDh``SCG{ :``jNCd A``bQdG ``fBG ``db
dG J IMGdG ddG EG CG ;CN dG k G ``Jfh ,A``bQdGh AG``dGh
jOQh J``a ``jC

2
dG ,``fOCG QdH dEG Q``dG Y ``dG dG e IMGh CG JJ d ,AbQRh AGNh
``H ``dG ``dG i``e ``J CG ``e .zSG e Hj dG
?dP j a ,e IMGh dM G`g{ :`NCG `dG `JJ `dG `fBG `db
`J g ,edG g `e .z`adG `b `e
?AjRCG VQY e VQY c a d jJ

200Q

22
j

150Q
j

100Q
j

Big Book of Brain Games_ 1000 PLAY THINKS-CH1.indd 24 2/16/16 10:14 AM

 25 dG d dG dCG AKCG a dG

:HdG
,e Y dEG f c{ :dG
dG d

:bdG :SG 68
c dG Gg CG YGh
fG Y gY ,MCG
eh ,MCG g cMCG Ea
!g e J CG aCG
.zge
k k j da
ba
jc fGa dQJ
(CHARLES FRANKLIN KETTERING)

NGdG HdG
g ,``SCG a NCG HdG e Fk e ,``dG Gg s a NBG Y e c Vh k He k He ``Y HQCG Lj
?H a HdG a Vh dG JdG jJ j

:HdG dG d
:dG
:bdG :SG 69
LhCG YHdG dG
MCG GdCG dh ,e H LhCG YHdG dG LhCG e Lh c s j CG dG e .VCG jhe e HQCG e e dG e g g LhCG YHdG dG
?dG Gg OJ CG J g .iNCG TCG GdCG e fGdCG J T H e ,fe LhCG YHQ TCG N fOCG Ve .QRCGh UCGh NCGh

Big Book of Brain Games_ 1000 PLAY THINKS-CH1.indd 25 2/16/16 10:14 AM

 dG dCG a dG dG d 26

:HdG dG d
:dG
:bdG :SG 70
HGdG W
t
eh eCG e f dH e w c u d HGW S Lj
aGM W ``Y ``dG HGdG g Lo GPEG .``dG
Y bQdG g ``jW Ks eh ,IYCG KKh ``U ``a
Ct a ,HGdG e eRQ AfE a IOLdG dG W
W N e jdG ``e VdG ``HQCG R``dG
?bQdG g

:HdG dG d :HdG dG d
:dG :dG
:bdG :SG 72 :bdG :SG 71
dG fdG bdG
g .H I``T G``SH d``SdG g u ` To Z f GP bdG HQCG bdG e CG
dG ``c I``dG ``g ReQ ``a ``J ?fOCG VdG GdCG T a OLe
?dG jdG

Big Book of Brain Games_ 1000 PLAY THINKS-CH1.indd 26 2/16/16 10:14 AM

 27 dG d dG dCG AKCG a dG

:HdG dG d :HdG dG d :HdG dG d

:dG :dG :dG
:bdG :SG 75 :bdG :SG 74 :bdG :SG 73
dG jJ dG FGT dG f a
``dG ``e ``ZQdG ``dG ``dG ``J FG``dG g ``e ec ``f ``jJ ``J ``g ``e Y``TCG ``HQCG ``J ``J
``YCG ``a O``LdG ``HdG ``oJ ``dG ``dG ?dG QdG e YdG HdG KdG ``e ``g ``Y ``TdG
g NGO dG g ``SQ ``J g .e ``KK ``d ``SCG
?dG Ve ``g c O``HCG
``e .``dG ``a
G``S dG dG
``eY ``eY
YCG ``e ``J
``dG Gg dEG
?dG

:HdG dG d
:dG
:bdG :SG 76
K OGYCG e e
``g ,``dG ``a ``VdG ``VCG h``e ``dH ``Fk e
dPh ,k M UCG VCG jh``e e Y ``J
? a K OGYCG HQCG jJ N e
jh``e ``s e ``HQCG ``Y ``J ``g ,``dP ``H
OGYCG HQCG ``jJ N e k M ``UCG ``VCG
?a K

Big Book of Brain Games_ 1000 PLAY THINKS-CH1.indd 27 2/16/16 10:14 AM

 dG dCG a dG dG d 28

:HdG dG d
:dG
:bdG :SG 77
IYCGh U e GhRCG
fe ``Y j``Yh i``MEG ``Vh ``g ``dG ``g ``e ``dG
:JBG hdG J H dG Md Y IU
.fe Y K Y U c j CG
.fe Y K Y OY c j CG
j CG j ,IYCG hCG dG g e KG CG fQe Y
(d) jv OY IQhdG dG e a MGh hR a
.(IYCd) v aCG hCG
?dG IH RdG a YS ie e

:HdG dG d
:dG
:bdG :SG 78
JdG e
G``dG ``aVEGh ,``dG ``a ``dG ``cG ``J ``g
?OdG

Big Book of Brain Games_ 1000 PLAY THINKS-CH1.indd 28 2/16/16 10:14 AM

 29 dG d dG dCG AKCG a dG

:HdG dG d
:dG
:bdG :SG 79
jhdG SdG IcGP d
AfCG ``a Ic ``H ``J ``LhdG ``dCG ``fc
e hR c ``Uh u ,``dCG ``e ``dG G``g ``a .``ddG
``c .IP``dG ``bdG ``c H``dG ``bdG
?d Ud bS dG bdG
k k jJ XJ g bdG dCG :e Xe
H
DhfEG j Oa f d a
.IdGh QLdG GSH
QjdG fC He gh
.jZEG Aeb U dG

:HdG dG d :HdG dG d
:dG :dG
:bdG :SG 81 :bdG :SG 80
k Hs e K ,``SCG dEG hCG YCG dEG IMGh e``SG Y
dG N IMGh eSG Y He hCG ,QdG hCG dG dEG GkMGh
MCG g
dNO ``Y H``dG ``Jb ``LQ ``KK s ` S dEG hCG YCG dEG G kMGh k Hs e K ,QdG dEG hCG dG dEG Lj ``H f``T Md Y ``fk M h``Y ``Vh
``dG ``N ``SG ``Xe ``d ,``dG MCG e jdG Vh jC k G dG e g .(SCG .iNCG ``MCG ``e ``a G k``MGh ``fk M ``M c
``VdG A``fG ``H .``e e``SG ``Y ``dG ?OdG dG IYb JGh ,fdG Md Y He L ``M ``T Y dG j ,``J ``c)
MG ``e ,Jb NC ``LdG ``N ,M``dG
b ``Y KdG ``LdG ``e ``MGh c ``j CG
?H UdG

Big Book of Brain Games_ 1000 PLAY THINKS-CH1.indd 29 2/16/16 10:14 AM

 dG dCG a dG dG d 30

:HdG dG d
:dG
:bdG :SG 82
?GS SQCG dG jdG dSdG Y QdG J g
dG f

:HdG dG d
:dG
:bdG :SG 83
jhGdG a fe Y
,(dG Md a He e UCG dG) FG``Y jH fe Y dCG GPEG
?HdG g e jhGR Y fdG dG S MG e

Big Book of Brain Games_ 1000 PLAY THINKS-CH1.indd 30 2/16/16 10:14 AM

 31 dG d dG dCG AKCG a dG

dG AdG ,jCG g a{ AcdGh RdCG

j d e k T EG j a ;NGO ``edG YGHE ``dG ``WEG dC` e e ``HdG Ac``dG ``e ``Y ``e ``HJ
,AcdG jT dH a .RdCG g M T C j L J HLEG j dG ``dG sCG oj :GQNG
d ,AcP ``cCG ``dG ``g ``SCG ``e ``Y
b GPEG MCG j d ,d ka ,``S RdCG g CG d JG GPEG e - MGh OY a J j AcdG sCG J
.ze T AdG GH fCG J JGP u``M a dG g CG cJ ``d GPEG .``edG ``Y ``Y ``b I``a ``gh -IQ Ac``dG
fCG ``e dG G``d ``e ``fCG ``J ``H ,``cP ,ddG ``dG dCG H ``J fCG ``cG
OQHg jL dEG
.dG a ;RdCG g d j H FcP a ``J a
(Elbert Green Hubbard)

:HdG dG d :HdG dG d
:dG :dG
:bdG :SG 85 :bdG :SG 84
GOdG e hR eGdG
hR c ``j ``H ;IO``dG ``Y R``dG ``Vh ``J ``g IQ``dG Y 6 bd HQCG ``eGdG o dG ``Vj
s G``dCG ``e
e CG ``a a I``MGh I``e Q``dG ``Y ``VdG bdG ``J dG L dG OGYCG g CG
?gJG . mH hO e 6
e 1 bdG ``dch ``f OdG j k FGO :``cJ)
d 100 h 1 ``H a OGYCG ``N ``g (``eGY
g ``cG a Y``S ie e .eY k ``Y KG
?dG OGYCG

Big Book of Brain Games_ 1000 PLAY THINKS-CH1.indd 31 2/16/16 10:14 AM

 dG dCG a dG dG d 32

:HdG dG d :HdG dG d
:dG :dG
:bdG :SG
87 :bdG :SG 86
WdG HdG gdG dG
dG AGdG HdG N Qm e ``SQ j g Gk `` `S 31 `` `gdG `` `dG G`` `g `` `W `` `j
jdG e QhdH d ``j ?b aJ CG hO e AGLCG dEG dG Gg o u J CG OQCG GPEG .dH
. SQ d S N a J CG hCG ,Je f 31 dEG 1 e L OGYCG EG H ;k M UCG
,J H dG AGLCG MCG e J Gk `` `S
a .dG AG`` `LCG e IY AGLCG `` `aVEG e hCG
?Y dEG J dG dG OY

:HdG dG d
:dG
:bdG :SG 88
dG a FJ
dEG dG MCG e QdG jW .dG NGO ge a jW ``dG e ``N V s
MdG TdG bh .QRCG ``dG hCG MCG ``dG N e eEG j NBG dG
a dP eh ,``dG ADg Lj jCG j ``gh QdG a ``dG AD` H ``UdG
CG ``gd dG eh ,AGdGh A``bQdG ``SCG e ``S cPh ``TdG U
``TdG c M ,``f dG dEG GUa ``dG g GJG L ``dG
.g e Ld a gj
?``TdG gOM dG AbQdGh AGdG ``SCG ``S jJ j g
?dEG dG H fG dG e c CGh

Big Book of Brain Games_ 1000 PLAY THINKS-CH1.indd 32 2/16/16 10:14 AM


1000 Game .indb 33 2/16/16 10:15 AM

``gdG ``e ``jdG ``aj ``dG ``S ``e
dG ``eCG gh ,``jQdG ``b ``e ``a EG :``VjdG
a IO``LdG IdG ``TCG Q``NG ``Y ``Y
e dG ``g ,``H ``TCG dEG jJh ``dG
FZ jRJ EG ,`k `e ;``SdG Y Qd ``jdG
J dG fGdG O``Y j eY fGdG ``U
dEG LdG X - jOdG OY e bCG gU
g ``d jW ``cG Y j IOb OLh
Yh ``dG ge jJ Y Y``S -``FdG
f ``eb jC
k Gh ,``dG ``J ``a IGh``dG
Y O``YG j I``a ``HdG d``dG ``dG VjdG CG``H ;``dG a FdG ``J ``Vh
dEG iOCG ``e ,HUCG ``Y dGh ``gJG ``ad
.dG Y QX
``S h ,``VjdG ``YVe ``H
dG ``f G``SG ``Y ``J ``dG ``YVdG
``d ,``fEG G``NG ``e ``T ``H ``g ,``dG
G``g ``Y ``VjdG ``YVe ``e ``J
g VjdG ``fc H ,``dG GHEG ``e ``dG
dG ``S Y ;a``cG b IOLdG ``dG
a :(Pythagorean theorem) ``SQZa jf
ffdG VjdG dH FGdG WJQG e ZdG
G``e ``ocG ``a ,(Pythagoras) ``SQZa
Y e GQM ``b e ``e H IjY
a ,``S ddG dY c GPEG .QdG e
,iNCG Ie ``dG a ``SQZa jf ``noJ
Y cdG IdG QU e iNCG IQU ``Lho GPEGh
GcG b fCG dG a ,IdG cGdG MCG
``FdG ``dG ``V G``WCG ``He ``e CG
.dG Jh Hd he jhGdG
1000 Game .indb 34
SdG Y dG d 34
... jGdG a
AdG a iNCG `` ` LCGh sfdGh cGdGh :VjdG A`` ` Y `` ` H jb `` ` L g
:Sg e fCH Uh j GQe uJ HH g CG A`` ` dG YNG A`` ` T VjdG g
.IFGdG dGh adG dGh bdG dG Y AdG Ia Y HLEG J ?gcG M
VjdG gdG CG `` ` SdG H j ;dG
VjdG P``dG O``Lh ``Y ``NBG ``dGh
e ed H`` ` SG `` ` pfCG dG GhOCG `` ` dH
jQUjO ``dEG GQ``UjO ``KK ``fG ``eY
edG GNG J e ,H s oJ d dG `` ` SCG
``N ``gOY ``UCa ,A``dG ``e ``Y ``KG
GNG hCG ,ke dG b J a eG`` ` S
d CG tJ bh ``T gsY AG``S ,GQUjO
H ,I`` ` H a`` ` d GUCG `` ` d `` ` JGdG
.gso j
dG dH `` ` VjdG CG NBG H i`` ` j
dG e ,VjdG jQJ ``J dhe Y AdG c GPEG Y dG H k`` ` e IOLdG
dG VjdG AY `` ` j d : CG dP ij
j ``MCG e c ``ah ,JGP dG ``jGH ``e .a fj Gfc H ,d
a OLdG ``VjdG jH ``fCG ``NQu DdG
e c ``a ``TdG Gg CG ``e ``ZdG ``Y
L``SG e j Oe Y gh - ``SedG
,VjdG AY ``e ``J Y j MCG
bd dhCG ``gdG a dG W``SG
gAGQBG CG e K Y VjdG AY H CG EG
``be CG``H G``gh - ``jOdGh ``fdG
.dC` dG d ``H GkQaCG J gf Lhh
VjdG dY ;(Thales) ``dW e ``VjdG
``H ``dG ``dG ``VjdG ``dY ``YCG ``c
2600 e ``j e b ``TY dG ``dG ``ffdG
E` a ,``H ``eDJ ``c GPEG{ :(Paul Erds) ``ShOQCG
Uh a J dG dG jJ Y YSh ,S
.zdO dEG J h VGh HLEG
VjdG Ge``SG ``dG CH kY ,``VjdG
.H eH dP b GNG `` ` j `` ` d ,`` ` d `` ` VGh G`` ` dG EG
Y IOLe `` ` VjdG P`` ` dG EG ;`` ` VjdG
jOdG Fd a VjdG dG bCG LJ
CG b bGdG a hCG ,`` ` Y IdG QX b `` ` cc
b 1850 Y (Ahmes) MCG c dG jdG
efh dG fc eY ;VQCG IdG J
jGH g J d ddG a fEa dP ZQh ,OdG
QJ ,RdGh QdG e H`` ` S Oe `` ` dG
jdG LO f OGh a Lh a ,VjdG ``Y
J fsch iNCG cGdGh GdGh dG
gcP `` kebQCG ``J dG ``dG ``dG ``b ``e
SdG OdGh `` ` TCG SSCG Y cJh
j H ``dG g ``Y Qs` jh ,``HdG ``dG
-dG S Y- GdG H a ;dG
.S 4000 e
:jJ hCG T e `` ` eh QfCd a L
fOGLCG c ,``jQdG ``b e Me ``a ``M dG cM EG .ddG `` ` jQZdG e e
2/16/16 10:15 AM
 35 dG d SdG Y

:HdG dG d
:dG
:bdG :SG 89
V IQb eCG fEG{
YCG QH j a Sh
L eCG Ggh ,bdG
Lh SdG Y SGQO
e dG VGdG
Qj eCG
.zdE
s G dH dG e

dG je (Sigmund Freud) jha fS

g ,OHCG KK ``d W``SEG Xe ``N eeCG Ve
N ? a He s e S GSH dG Gg AH j

:HdG dG d
:dG
Y e :bdG :SG 90
eeCG e

eeCG e

IOdG LdG
e fdG iS ,IFdG k cGQ dG iMEG a oJ fCG J
fCGh dEG J eY Y hJ Y eJ k ``e IQH ``YCG
.f fdG a AT j d fCG M a ,eeCG bGh
``Vj ``eY ``jQdG ``dEG C` j ``dG ``dG ``g G``g
jW J ``dG dG :e jH ``fe ``e
``j dG eeCG LGdG eh ,VQCG ``a fdG A``fEG
d Y ``S dG jdG d dG e I``Te
.eCG e
dG QdG Q``dG gh QdG ``SdG e dK ``f ``g
.d bGh cCG jDhQ OGYE jdG Jg H j
.f OdG Y dG Gg jn
dG Y ,gH UdG M LQCGh k ` e s ``Y ``S g
dG Yh ,a e ``LGh HQCG EG J eCG ``e ``dEG
L dG
s dh ,e Xe HQCG J YCG e dEG
.e YCG e gXe L f eeCG LGdG d dG
?dG eh eeCG LGh e e c J CG J g
.IdG HdG a JHLEG cG

1000 Game .indb 35 2/16/16 10:15 AM


d `` `Se fG`` `SCG Y dG gh `` `SEG J
o` ` SG dG dG CG e ZdG Y .AG`` `SG
`` `SEG f CG EG ,MdG a jd Ie `` `fc
,dG e jdG WdG nM hCG `` `T QJce
b `` `gh -fjZ I`` `jL Q`` `X `` `S Ggh
M`` `e Kj e M`` `e J VQCG `` `e `` `SGh
M`` `H d QJce `` `WQN `` `Y -`` `dG
.f HdG jeCG
dM ``e ``e c ``a i``f ``jCG ``g ``a
Q``da ,W``SEG ``Sd I``jY eG``SG
e jdG ``dch W``SEG QU g ``aGZJdG
UCG dch ,jQdGh fdG dG
``eGH C ;``e O``HCG ``KK ``jdG ``dCG
gdG ``SEG ``M j IdG ``JdG
.OHCG KK LCd
:HdG
:dG
:bdG :SG
T GP k ` e
s ``SJ K eh QJ CG j g
Gg jJ ``j ?MGh BG a k Heh ``k eh ``FGO
.YCG VdG KdG dG N dG
1000 Game .indb 36
SdG Y dG d 36
(Projective Geometry) WSEG SdG
J dG VjdG ``TCG e T - ``SdG a ;Te IQH ddG YCG gJ
.dG dY e d ,G kHCG bJ CG j jRGdG jjdG dG
c i``a H ``e ``dG ``g ``dEG ``f GPEG
TCd j e WSEG ``SdG SQnJ
A``TCG h``S .IMGh f ``a bJ ``b ``fCG ``d
CG e ZdG Y .UN H jJ j eY
,H ``e dEG ``j eY Gv` L I``U ``dG
W``SEG jdG CG EG ,ge J b FdG
jhdG LCG ``S a``dG CG Y a k
A``TCd ``SdG FdG e jdH ``J
.``bGdG ``a ``Y ``g ``Y ``jv QL ``e ``dG
jDhQ d j eCG Ggh ,VY j dG ``LCGh
j CG ``HEd ``j PEG ;``jC k G ``U ``dGh
OHCG ``FdG ``SdG a O``HCG ``KK ``LCG
GQOEG CG e ZdG Y .kM GdG cCG jDhQ
.J dG
J ``a ,bGh ``eCG dH ``g ``d ``dG
1569 `` `dG a ,W`` `SEG `` `g FGdG J ``e M ``e dG ``Y ``a e``SdG
QJce SOQGL dG FGdG `` `SQ `` `SG FK ``dG ``dG Y OHCG ``KK ``LCG
`` `a W`` `SEG `` `SdG (Gerardus Mercator) ``SEG ``j dG ``dG Gg ``Loj ``d .O``HCG
e e `` `Lhh ,`` `dd jM `` `WQN hCG `` `SQ e G kjL kYf jC
k G LhCG H ,a dG a IW
M .VQCG ce e QJce SEG H oj
dG d :HdG dG d
:dG
92 :bdG :SG 91
HdG dG jM
FGdG VCG ,Y KG e T Y fGQL jM
Vh a MGh e WSH fGQL L
dGh ``J IO``YEG ``J ``g .``gce ``a
``a ``dG ``Vh GPEG ``H ``jdG
g e QGL c j ``jdG ce
?dG a (``c hCG ``H) GQ``dG
``jdG GQ``L ``J CG ``j
d IQh``dH ``d ``d ``e
.f dG
2/16/16 10:15 AM
 37 dG d SdG Y

:HdG dG d
:dG
:bdG :SG 93
Qe a s e
N J N e SQo s e fdG fdG TCG J
g ,bdG ``UdGh MdG ``jW ``Y .``jcdG ``dG
T c AfEG IOYE iNCG Ie dG J IOYEG ``J
?fdG TCG g e

:HdG dG d
:dG
:bdG :SG 94
dG TCG jJ
e e dG dG a IOLdG Y dG ``TCG e ``T c
GdCGh ``s dG GdCG e`
k `e ``TCG g u ` d .fOCG ``JdGh ``dG
k
fL c .dO UH dG a VdG JJ Y aJ CG Y JdG
.HCG fa dG fGdG eCGh ,NCG fd jRGdG JdG

1000 Game .indb 37 2/16/16 10:15 AM

 SdG Y dG d 38

:HdG dG d
:dG
:bdG :SG 95
dG LCGh QRCG dG hP dG
``g ,``dG ``e ``Ye ``d
j dG ``dG J CG ``J
.dG PdG H
dG j SdG Y{
jH j fEG jh
ds OCGh gGH .U
eh VGh L
jdG Hh .....GL
v
dG dG Ea ,jdG
j SdG Y j
IQdG CG GYR d .AcP
k
H Y He fc JBG
C j :WaCG H
SdG LQ e d T
:HdG dG d
:dG
96 .zNdH
:bdG :SG

iNCG jhGR e dG
IQH j W``SEG ``SdG ``TCG e ``T Gg
(Ibn Khaldun) hN HG
de ``J ``Y ``Y j``dG G``gh ,g``e ``jH
dEG ``ff GPEG EG ``e ``d j ``d ``jH IQ``dG
g ge O``J CG ``J g .``SdG ``jhGdG ``e
?IQdG

1000 Game .indb 38 2/16/16 10:15 AM

 39 dG d SdG Y

:HdG dG d
:dG
:bdG :SG 97
?HdG a Lj GPe
``SH FU ``e fk e kf ``fdG ``MCG C` fCG
h``j .``SCG ``e O``HCG ``KK Q``WEG ``Y ``Y
.e IY jGhR e dEG ff GPEG jv Va dG Gg
GPEG dG G``g ``j GPe QJ CG ``J ``g ,``d
``j ``Y IO``LdG AG``dG ``dG ``e ``dEG ``f
``Mf ``Y Q``dG Q``WEG G``SG ``j ?IQ``dG
k UH dG
.dG d dO

:HdG
:JdG IQdG{ :dG
dG d

:bdG :SG 98
(Ubi Materia, Ibi Geometria)
a ,IOe LJ M :J SH e
dG SSCG cG J g
.zSdG Y J s
a VdG ``dG a bQCG ``d
j g ?U NBG cEGh dG
?dG e je aVEG
(Johannes Kelper) c fgL

1000 Game .indb 39 2/16/16 10:15 AM

 SdG Y dG d 40

:HdG dG d :HdG dG d
:dG
:bdG :SG 100 :dG
:bdG :SG 99
ILCG IQS W ILCG IQS Hs e Sg
``bW ``je ``a I``LCG IQ``S O``J ``fCG ``J .a MGh ``T Hd Lj ``jbEG ``SdG a
``KK IQ``jH ``dG JQ``S ``e ``W .``MOe ?ILCG IQS Sg Y IYdG g J g
BG``dG ``dEG i``NCG I``e IO``dGh ``He ``ceCG
gh ``WQdG ``Y IO``LdG ``dG .(``bGdG)
``dG ``ceCd 4 h 3 h 2 ``dGh BG``d 1 ``dG
QdG ``J g .dEG UdG IQ``dG Y j
?dG g JEG e J dG dG bCG Y
?J CG j jH W g g

jdG SdG
jhGH jQSEG a ``LCG H J IdG Id SdG Y g dG ``TCGh M``dH YH c``dG AH c ``dG Aeb ``J
N e kjJ MGh AH hCG,LQO 7^5 ``Sb .Y 2000 .CdGh ``dhd ``dG ``SCG jW Y cCG
CG ``SJGQEG ``Y .``edG I``FGdG ``e GkA``L ``SdG A``Y ``jJ ``e ``ZdG ``Y GHEG ``e kY GkQ``b jdG ``VCG ``eYh
jRGe ``e N ``a J ``dG ``TCG VjdG dY b a ,Y jf ffdG dG a ``FGQ YC
k G Gh``fCG a ,jdG G``g ``dEG
``H c jGhdG ``a ``NG CG ``SG G``gh ``a ``TY ``dG -(Eratosthenes) ``SJGQEG hCG GhQW a ``Y IQHh ,``SdGh Q``dG
adG CG SJGQEG Lh eYh .VQCG AfG b ddG ``dG a ,``e a jQ``SEG ``je .SdG Y e Y
jQ``SEG ``je ``H ``dG ``dEG ``dG ``e J a ;Y R``fEG YCG j R``fEH - O``dG
a a``dG g V ``a ,e k 480 ``g G``SCGh AY fG ,``jdG QdG ``ah dP ``H
``S je a dG e a ``e j a ``fCG
Jg Y J dG I``FGdG e jd ``N ``SfG c ,(``dG G``SCG ``je ``e ``dH) :``dG ``TCG ``SGQO ``a ``ffdG ``SdG
IQHh - ``HdGh d``dG ``dGh ``jdG H a ``dG Y ``v Fe IdG ``bh ``a ``dG Q``LdG ``Y GkO``YG ``dGh ``HdGh I``FGdc
VQCG d ``jJ ch .``VQCG e ,i``NCG jOY dG J CG a ,Gg hdh ,Y ``FdG O``jEG ``a GY``T ``K ,``a I``dGh
``H kbO c ``jdG G``gh ,``e 24000 ``HGH f I``Te J ``TCG ``J CGh ,``Te ``H Vh ``bh .O``dG ``b 350 ``Y ``H ``SdG
.d a bh a ``dG fc ``f dG a .VQCG ce ``J ``YGdG ``e ``Ye (Euclid) ``SbEG

1000 Game .indb 40 2/16/16 10:15 AM

 41 dG d SdG Y
,m``e ``S Y MOdG jdG oH GPEG
``e i``MEG ?``jbEG ``Sg ``J ``a
dG g f H ae bCG EG :J SbEG
?MOdG jdG a VdG g Gg g .dG
``g ``MCG ``e ``a Q``e ``bCG EG ``bGdG ``a
Y e fC ;Ib e N e S jGH ``e a IQ``dG O``J ``dG ``ddG A``SH
.dN e dh jdG M IOdG
.jdG ``ce e k eh I``LCG IQ``S k cGQ a``dG
hCG .bJh ``dG ``L e He ``S ``dG ``j
k He ``K ``dG L e He ``N ``dG j
``dG L e He HQCG hCG ,``dG L e G kMGh
dG c dG g .G``gh ,``dG L e Heh
j dG (I``LCG IQ``S) IFGO Y J gY ``fG
.G kMGh Gk ec gb f
k SJ CG J g
?IFGdG g e Vj T
1000 Game .indb 41
ILCG IQS Sg
jdG ``g ``a ``dL ``NCHh .(``f ``dG Z ``SdG dG a j CG dG e
e a``dG ``J ``fEa ,I``LCG IQ``S W``SH ILCG IQ``S ``Sg ``J .``U ``e ``jbEG
dG a``dG N e dh ``dG dG N e gh ,``jbEG Z ``SdG dG ``g i``MEG
N OG``eG W ``Y (I``LCG IQ``S) ``J bQh e M hCG jdG WQN e J CG j
IQ``S J ``dG a``dG EG .``HdG ``dG M ,jd MOe je J .jOY fH ``SQ
jOdG a``dG e ``WCG Y ``H t ` Jo I``LCG dG e e ``H WdG YQG``T J
e jdG) .``dG ``dEG ``dG ``e h ``dG ``dEG
.jf dEG QT keJ d ``Y ``SdG dG a ``fCG dG dG
:HdG dG d :HdG dG d
:dG :dG
:bdG :SG 102 :bdG :SG 101
?S jCG dEa
ILCG IQd SdG FGhdG IOhdG WdG je
``M ``a ``J CG ``j ``MOdG ``jdG ``a Mf e dG ``jhGdG a ``j dG LdG ``j
Y dG ``dG e CG G``g j ``g .``jdG Mf e dG jhGdG a ,jdG g e dG
?IFGO UdG ``dN e ``j jW ``bCG ``e .Q``dG
fc GPEG IFGO j dG Ea IFGdG jJ N e CG j dG dG ``dG OY ch ?e ``dEG
Vdh .HK f ``e hm ``e H Y L Wf ?e dG Ud j
e CG``J jdG ``NGO fdG ``e ``He ``S O``Lh
g ``S fCGh ,MGh ``ec a``e Jh ``gce
A
2/16/16 10:15 AM
 SdG Y dG d 42

:HdG dG d
:dG
:bdG :SG 103
:LdG J
TdG LdG d
``S d Md Y V K ,bh s KdGh ``dG dG ``fG
k
,e ``k Lh ``Y KG Lj ,``g VdG ``SdG ``a .``S ``a
IOYEG ``J ``g .``HY iNCG ``dGh ``e ``e ``N
HY e J k Lh ``Y KK jd j H dG JJ
jd d ``JdG J ``J ``g ?``e iNCG ``HQCGh
KKh e Lh J hCG ?HY Lh HQCGh e Lh J
?HY a Lh

:HdG dG d
:dG 104
:bdG :SG
bQ YdG j k Y LGj HY Lh ch ,d IMGh f J k Y
.f IQN
:LdG J
j fC ;``dG fG ,``g VdG dG P``f ``a
TdG LdG d
k G ``Lj c .MdG ``Y dG e ``jdG ``Vh
cCG jC ah H d d j LdG J d d b EG
``KKh ``e ``Lh ``LGj hCG ``YdG .``Fa ``e c ``j CG a dG Ve j s .FGQ ``f bdG
bQ YdG
bQ YdG

hNBG YdG eCGh .MGh dS a ,``HY Lh dG g ``J .gJG a J ``e kgLh ``Y
f e MGh c a ,G kMGh k e k Lh LGa e MGh c ``j H ,bCG c U``TCG HQC
eh ,e Z hCG e LdG H CG M .IMGh .He VJh dG oJh .MdG e e fL a
.FdG FdG a J a K ``J ``b ch ,``dG Q``NG ``a ``YdG h``j
e Sj Fe ``Hh L dEG k L MdG Y VJ
bQ YdG jh .``LdG MCG e GAk ``L ``d d IQh``dG ``dG
LGj ``e Lh a ;``dG jf a ``LQdG ``J

1000 Game .indb 42 2/16/16 10:15 AM

 43 dG d SdG Y
``T a dG AY ``cG a ,dG VGfG
Y dd fh ,``dG FGO cc CG nfhCG
H ``ebh ``dG ``n fhCG ``T ``e ``Ye
d jdG gh dG e fjS T Y Le
UCG dHh ,b e dG Gg Y Le J
.FGYCG jg Y GkQOb nfhCG T
``UJ ``g ``j ,``dG ``N ``e
,a IMGh ``a d j``SCG a R``da ;``dY
dG CG dP dEG VCG .``e t oJ HfCGh
dG GSG Ea ,c dP ZQh ,J CG j
.GvL e hdGh adGh
(Alexander `` `fOjO Q`` `dCG `` `c `` `a
SfdH `` `dGh 1984 Y a Dewdney)
VQCG c `` `e QaCG `` `obG ,(Planiverse)
gh - fOjO EG .IUdG Ff dEG dG
(Western HdG jQfhCG eL e SM dY
feE edG dG `` `SSCG Vh -Ontario)
dG H L ZJ `` `a OHCG FK dY O`` `Lh
1000 Game .indb 43
OHCG FK dGY
``ch .``jdG ``J ``dY (Spawned Sequels) KK :OHCG ``HQCG d EG dG A``Y ``j
(An Episode ``dG ``VQCG b GH ``NBG H MbG dh ,ed ``MGh Hh d O``HCG
``g OQG``g dQ``J ``c ``dG of Flatland) ``SQJ cCG OHCG LJ HQ fCG ``jdG ``jdG
dGh ,1885 Y a (Charles Howard Hinton) .YdG QdG dG Y GkKCJ
.IQH HCG d GkOGeG j
?YCG VGaG O``HCG a a CG``f c
``cc ``Y ``g ``c ``a ``J G``MCG g ``a ;``dG ``ef ``e h``dG ``jW ``Y
WH g j``SCGh ,OHCG FK (Astria) j``SCG .a GH d kdY QsJ CG hM ddG
c Ljh ,e a fS ``jh ,bY IFGO
c LdG .``k FGO MGh ``JG a OGaCG ``e O``a ``HCG ``jhOEG h``M 1884 ``Y ``a
``fEG ``jO ``LQ ``gh - (Edwin Abbott)
Mf Lj c AdGh ,``dG Mf Lj
dY Ud ``FGQ dhe kdY ``UH -Q``eh
fEa AGQh e jShCG a ``dG ij dh ,dG
I``dG FdG jGhQ ah ,jH e a j
.IBGdG dEG jh SCGQ Y j
``dG fc ,(Flatland) ``dG VQCH
,``T H (Astria) j``SCG ``cc ``j FK Ff m e S a FQ Sg TC
k G
,``dG ``a ``dG (Unaeans) ``n fhG ``T
d j dh - oS oj SGh dhc - OHCG
,dG a ``HdG (Scythians) fj``S ``Th
YCG H CG hCG ddG d GQOEG ``dG VQCG
fjS T Ea ,dG H M dJ eYh
.dP e
nfhCG T Le ``j M aCG d J
``VG ``a ``n fhCG ``T ``M A``d .``dG ``e ``e ``jv CG ``j ``d ``HCG CG ``e ``ZdG ``Y
``dG MG``S ``Y ``V ``e ``f ``Ld ``LddG ``YGNG hCG ``dG ``fGdG
.VjdGh dGh e nfhCG ``T f ,dG eJ Hh .``dG IKdG ``bGdG ``Hc CG EG ,``dG ``VQCd
:HdG dG d
:dG
:bdG :SG 105
dG VQCd dG QdG
Qd J ``dG ``SdG ``TCG e HCG jhOEG ``j ``dG ``VQCG ``a
OdG ,IOM e N a A``dG ;j``T W
e SdG dG ,bdG jhe e dGh
SN hCG YHQ TCG eEG adG ,VCG jhe
dG dG bh ,``SGS ``TCG AZCG ,VCG
.FGhO
``Z ``fEa ,``dG ``jOMCG ``N A``dG C ``dH
IQdG ``e j ``HQh ``gJG H ``e ``Fe
``VQCG ``S ``s j CG ``j ``c .``Y Qh``dG
?eCG Gg dG
2/16/16 10:15 AM
 SdG Y dG d 44

:HdG dG d
g SdG{ :dG
106
:bdG :SG
PdG dG VQCG KQc
d UCG T Y c GPEG dd ;jH Y Ie dG VQCG ``S ``SGM EG
jd d dG VQCG S Ea ,dY (a) f e dEG j CG e
zddG a .dEG j e jDhd Sh CG
g ?OHCG FK dG VQCG i``e Y Ic ``SCG GPEG j GPe d
Johannes ) c fgL J CG j g ?a KQc dG Gg CG ``dG VQCG ``S Q``S
(Kepler ?hj S e dH

:HdG dG d :HdG dG d
:dG :dG
:bdG :SG 108 :bdG :SG 107
dG jhJ dG VQCG WCG VhQ
,``dc ``VdG c GPEG .AdG e f dG Sh IQhO HQ QGH dG Y OLdG dG jhJ j HdG dG a dG Gg j S
H gj CG MGh ``d j dG dG GjhdG O``Y ``a J CG ``J c .k e dG e j ``M
? AdG e f dG j j CG hCG ``e ``Y ``gMCGJ CG hO ``e j``S
PdG ``e e ``dG CG ``VaG ,dG ``J ``Y IY``d ?SdG Y NBGJ
.SCG a VdG

:HdG dG d
:dG
:bdG :SG 109
Y KG dG jhJ
``Y KG e s ` e e ``T ``Y ``KG ``dG
AedG SQZa eJ cG eY .v ` SN k Lh
CGh ,Y S fCG Y Y GaM Y KG dG
.dH bj OLh S j T CG
m ``e ``S Y VdG ``Y KG ``dG Qhu Oo GPEG
GPEG .AdG e ``f dG t ``a ,LQO 72 QGH
dG GjhdG OY a ,``dG Gg Y ``VdG c
``gj CG ``Y ``KG ``d ``j ``dG ``dG
?AdG e f dG j j H

1000 Game .indb 44 2/16/16 10:15 AM

 45 dG d SdG Y

IMGh Ia g XdG{
dN e fEG hM
j CG QdG e Yh
dGh dG Ljh
.zdGh
.(Hermann Weyl) jh eg
GhOCG ``e IGOCG ``UH c ``H ``v e ``jC
CG ke A``d dG ``e j ``dh ,``VjdG
fCG Y IhY ,jdGh ``ShdG g GhOj
jdG Ajd vSb kLPf Gj CG d c e dG e dG ``j d dG ``TCG e .j``e
.XdG a hO e
(Symmetry) XdG
f dG Gdh ,XdG Qd eH sJ fCG IQdG -XJ a j dG `` ` ` `LCG EG
e LCG `` `fCH IXdG `` `LCGh `` `LdG Y J hO e IOe Sg jJ PJG Y
.(IXdG Z cCG eCG ,dG AfCG L a LJ -`` ` ` `T
a La XdG `` ` ` `Y ddG dG eCG
j CG H g c keJ h``J dG A``TCG EG
dGh ,GQ`` ` ` `dG a jdGh GQ`` ` ` `dG JJ
dG ,fGQhO ``XJ d j Qe ``M ``gjhJ
Ic Qhe J dG dG GQH dP Y FdG
j S- dG S Y- VCG hdG
c H e bGe KK a GkXe dG Gg Gkc GkQb jC
k G jdG FdG `` ` ` `Jh ,Xd
``J CG dG eh .ce ``a f M Qh``j YdG hP hCG SdG KdG Lj .XdG e
N fL e xCG Y fL XJ d dG ATCG ,jdG fGdGh QgdG e jdG a SdG
.e hJ CG hO e QdG hCG e hCG ,N d dG ,dG dG ,dG f :e
k G ``j .GkXe kYGQP hYh KK M hCG , IY
``Y I``Xe ``fCG ``Y d``H ``f
jGe GSG jW Y hCG ,bh QdG K jW ,MGh Qe M vjJ Xf ,dG fh
GfCG cCG e vFK GkXJ f M ;dG OdG
XdG ``d ?jdG ``H Q``dG ``e ``FGdG hCG AMCG AY j) .dG a GkQ`` `fG XdG

:HdG dG d
:dG
:bdG :SG 110

.IQdG e H e SG ,OY XJ Qe (dH j) dG MCG dG dEG

IXe Hs e
dEG dH AbQdG HdG ceCG a eEH dG N eh ,dG Y IQdG a
.AGOdG HdG H jRoCG d - IXe JQdG Jg c
jd J CG j , aCG NBGh SCGQ KJ Qe j jdG dG MCG dG
.IQdG e H e SG Y IQdG ``dH AGO``dG HdG ceCG a eEH dG ``N eh ,Q``dG Y IQdG ``a

1000 Game .indb 45 2/16/16 10:15 AM

 SdG Y dG d 46

:HdG dG d
:dG
:bdG :SG 111
dGh HdG XJ
``g ``c ``fdG c ``e ``fdh ``fh ``k He `s`b
a AGM ``J AGdG WdG CG ``e ``cCJh ,``Ve
AGU J AGdG ``WdGh ,dGh eCG ``e c
.dGh eCG e c a
dN e J CG J dG dG dG OY c
?dG ``a d ``jdG ``dG a ``dGh ``HdG
``SG cdG e dG Gg Y ``VjdG AY ``j
.(transformation) t dG

:HdG dG d
:dG
:bdG :SG 112
s fdG dG Vh
``dG IXe fe ``Y Vh a ``Y h``j
j dG hCG YdG ;dG jFGO Ie Y
``Y ``dGREG hO ``e I``dG ``Y ``fe ``Y ``Vh
J CG J g .dG ``j Y IOLe fe
,QG``SH RdG ``e ``YdG ``MCG ``u J JG``SEG
?IdG Me Y dG H

1000 Game .indb 46 2/16/16 10:15 AM

 47 dG d SdG Y

idG a adG jJ
SfG dG ``g i``d (transformation) ``dG EG
IQd `` kSfG QRCGh ``MCG ``dG t ` j gh ,``He QRCGh ``MCG ``dG ``j ,jdG ``e Ic G``fCG ``LJ .``Wd ``jJ
``N ``gMC ``J C` H ``j ``dh .``e xc b gMCG ``f CGh keJ G``Xe fCG ``j ``e ,``dG cM g gCG cCG jdG ``dh
Vj H i``dG ``a ``Vj ``j dh ``TCG ``J ``dG a``dG ``jJ hCG
GPe dh .NBG a ``g ``a .``NBG ``j ``jdG CG ``M) .``T hCG ``M ``J
aQ ``SG ``fCG ``d ``dj ``b ``ddG d c dEG ``j dG H ``dG H GPEG Gk` XJ
``e ,``bh ``gMCG ``Y QRCG ``dG ``jd ``FQ GfCG HQCG LJh .(dG ``b c
,c a U ``b Y ``j e G``gh ,``J hO ``e ``MCG ``dG :idG a adG
``a ``j ``e G``g .dG
.SfG AKCG
jhdG
dG SfG e ddG ``g ``a
``dG ``SfG EG dG Vj CG ``dG
:d Ol JG WH g H ``a ``HdG
.SfGh dG gMCG ``jhJ jW ``Y
.dG ``ShDhQ ``MCG ``M
``Y ``j ``e G``gh
.jhdG

:HdG dG d :HdG dG d
:dG :dG
:bdG :SG 114 :bdG :SG 113
SfG SfG IXe VQCG
Vh U c ``a dG CG Vj dG G``g ``a e VQCG G``g ``oJ
Wd ``k bh ``SfG
k WH c ``a ``J ``jH c ,Xe ``He ``H
- ``Y j GdCG sCG ``H ,gQ``j ``Y ``dG dEG jv b ``j ``e
sCGh -``MCG j ``UCGh ``UCG ``j ``MCG fc GPEG .``UCGh MCG
Ct G .``SCGdG Qh``dG ``W Y ``b ``jo ``dG ``M I``Xe ``VQCG
?IYdG g j dG ,dG MCG jQdG
bH A``e ``J ``a
PdG O``jE ``dG
?dG

1000 Game .indb 47 2/16/16 10:15 AM

 SdG Y dG d 48

:HdG dG d :HdG dG d
:dG :dG
:bdG :SG 117 :bdG :SG 115
XdG Qhe SdG dG
b N e IXdG fCG OjEG dG ``e ``dG ``dG ``dG O``Y ``e
.j``e IBGe G``SG N ``e hCG ``Kh ``bQdG bdG he e TCG Vh dN e J
a VdG IY KdG ``TCG e ``T c a ``dG ``a ``dG ``dG
LJ g .SQGh XdG Qhe Y YG ,SCG eJ ?``dG ``Mf IO``LdG
cCG a ``dG ``dG eh ?XJ ``a ``d ``TCG VCG e ``dG ``g ``e ``b c ``e
?Gk XJ QhdG GP OHCG ``KK k ` e
s UH
CG ``j ``H ;``e ``So
VCG he e ``ddG ``e ``f C ``J
.dG
He

fdG G

n eo

VCG RGe

:HdG dG d
:dG
:bdG :SG 116
1 jfEG jHCG hM
A``dG eh ?AGdG h``dG ``H ``dG A``dG ``e
?AbQdG hdG H dG

1000 Game .indb 48 2/16/16 10:15 AM

 49 dG d SdG Y

:HdG dG d :HdG dG d
:dG :dG
:bdG :SG 119 :bdG :SG 118
H ``a dP ``eh ,``dG ``dG ``e ``c ``jRoCG ``bh
XdG jHCG IQdG A``H IOYEG LCG ``e dG dG ``e j ``e
XdG YGH
e IdG hd XJ Qhe ``SQ ``J g g .XdG G``g ``YGb JG ``N e ``dPh ``UCG Y Gk TDe UH AGM N KK a IQdG g
,Xe ``H dG Qhu Oo GPEG ?jfEG jHCG ?U H dG jJ J (YCG dEG j ``dG QdG) ``eh fGQhO XJ
e IXdG h``dG ``JG .jhdG ``f ``SQG
.eY hO

:HdG dG d
:dG
:bdG :SG 120
:HdG dG d
:dG
:bdG :SG 121 edG GQTEG
dG IAGbh edG GQ``TEG I``T a ``J g
2 jfEG jHCG hM .IU IBGe YJ HQ ?jdG
h`` dGh AG`` dG h`` dG `` H `` NG `` e
?AbQdG

1000 Game .indb 49 2/16/16 10:15 AM

 SdG Y dG d 50

:HdG dG d
:dG
:bdG :SG 122
3 jfEG jHCG hM
?AbQdG hdGh AGdG hdG H NG e

:HdG dG d
:dG
:bdG :SG 123

``dG QN bbQ CG GNEH ``dG j .L bhCG a IQdG ``a ``XdG

bbQ e J CG bbd j ,f bdG a bbQ e cCG jJ j d
Lh dCG d :u dG Lh
Ie c ah ,cM H QhO a Y c j CG dG e .cJ CGh S iNCG V K ,SCG a IOLdG I``Y HQCG bbdG KJ bbdG e Ye ``fCG
FdG YdGh .``bdG J NCj fEa bdG ``Y IOLdG LdG MCG u ` j ``e .SSCG jGH c VdG dG Lh d JdH
j Y KG LdG e CG ,dG YGd k ah .bdG e OY cCG NCj dG Y IOLdG QdG iMEG dEG jGdG IQU a dG Lh jJ dG g e dG
?jJ IOYEG hCG bbQ L a YdG hj .QdG Mf fOCG VdG IY KG bdG
Y dG Y UdG e ,HdG e ZQdG MdG a v SCGQ hCG v aCG dJ cCG

gdG dG
d ``dG fCG ``a gdG ``dG ``J H dG Y GWCG bh ,`` ` Se bY j GP `
k ` ` e A`` ` edG `` ` ffdG `` ` cG
,``dG ``S ``a ;``fGdGh ``JdG ``e hJh ,gdG dG: SG dG Gg V j H e kHe aM GPEG .I`` ` ja FN
``f ``j (nautilus shell) ``SJf ``bb ``f ffdG dH `` ` d GheQh ,`` ` k jJ 1^6180037 ,dG e UCG dG d kjhe V W
``dG ``j ``dG ``f ``ddG ``jQZdG 3^14159 Od H GheQ dG `` ` f jdH , dG Jh ,UCG jL e jd j a
.gdG . dH dG VCG H `` ` d jhe YVCG H
`` ` dG Gg V CG ffdG YG .UCG

1000 Game .indb 50 2/16/16 10:15 AM

 51 dG d SdG Y

:HdG dG d :HdG dG d
:dG :dG
:bdG :SG 125 :bdG :SG 124
dG XJ gdG dG
``d dG J e cCG fGQhO GXJ d dG Y d . dG SdG dG a L QbCG SQG
?c gJ CG J g .OHCG FK SdG dG GXJ Ch .f N GP SN f
e fGdG ah JdG a :c IdG MGf a IO``Le
.IdG XJ -fk MCG -Y j e IOa ,dG dG
``gdG ``dG A``fEG ``j ``dN ``e ``dG ``dG Ch
dG fc a ,``SdG dG a j gdG ``dGh
J dh ,YJCGh SQZd dG edG dH ``SdG
SdG ``dG VCG ``f ``M Y Ea ,VdG Gg
.SdG dG VCG dEG

:HdG dG d
:dG
16 16 16 16 Y IOLdG TCG OY :bdG :SG 126
IQGhdG MdG

TCG
dG d :OHCG hJ
d Y G``SG Y``SH c e GPEG id ``fG K ``H HK I``Yb :``dG ``g ``a ``Md ``oJ
GQhdG b bdG TCG OY
QY JG e ec IQhO H J H IQGhdG MdG IYd ``He ``Mdh (``j Y ``SCG ``a ``MdG)
IQhdG HQ H bdG TCG OY
``Md ``N ``e ``J ``S ``TCG ``H .Y``dG ``Sh ,ba Vh (Q``dG ``Y ``SCG ``a ``MdG)
IQhdG f H bdG TCG OY
``S ``TCG Hh ,GQh``dG ``b Q``dG ``Y I``YdG k Sh HQCG Vh jGH .gce M QhJ
K a T
IQhdG HQCG KK H bdG TCG OY
H ``j ``S Hh .dhCG IQh``dG HQ ``H ``J Y S :g TCG gh ,eJ k SJ IQGhdG MdG
J d dG TCG OY
OH Q``dG Y hdG Ae ``J g .IQhdG ``f Sh bdG heh jhGdG Fb k e Y Sh k He
``g ?IQhO ``HQ c ``H ``J ``dG ``TCG ``e ``f c .IFGO f IY Sh s IFGO Y
?ec IQhO H j S TCG CG cG J

1000 Game .indb 51 2/16/16 10:15 AM

 SdG Y dG d 52

:HdG dG d
:dG
:bdG :SG 127
FdG XdG d
cCG hCG MGh Y j 
d b Y I`` ` Y Sh
s `` ` fG
Y VdG `` ` TCG e `` ` T
h`` ` e e :bs K `` ` dG
`` ` SN `` ` T ,He ,`` ` VCG
.e `` ` SGS `` ` Th `` ` e
L TCG VCG CG M)
NG .(jh`` ` e `` ` J CG j
Ye `` ` a `` ` LGh `` ` TCG
.IMGh
f AH `` ` dG g `` ` e dG
a `` ` YdG h`` ` j .`` ` Xe
`` ` TCG e bH hCG dG
fH Vhh YdG b a
Y SCG a Vp ho dG bdG
aJ H ,fGL UJ CG
W Y d dG XdG Y
j d GPEG .SCGdG XdG Qe
,Xe H bH Vh YdG
bdG Ye a j fEa
J S .H UdG VadG
bdG `` ` oJ CG dEG `` ` dG
M hCG dG Ye `` ` a L
iNCG bH CG `` ` aVEG `` ` j
YdG g FdG YdG .Pd
bdG e OY bCG e j dG
VadG `` ` bdG Ye a
.H UdG
d Y ,Q`` ` dG Y P`` ` dG
d ;a MGh Y a j
QRCG `` ` HdG Vh `` ` Y `` ` JQb
Ye `` ` V OLdG `` ` NCG
.dG a VadG JbH

1000 Game .indb 52 2/16/16 10:15 AM


1000 Game .indb 53 2/16/16 10:16 AM
 dGh dG dG d 54

SdG Y a SSCG GhOCG

(Elements) UdG c c d .dG Y
s oY bh ,``ffdG ``SdG ``YCG ``YCG ``SbE
``a .``dG ``d ``FdG ``dG I``Y h``d
SdG dG e ue bh dEG dP SG ,bGdG
(Georg Cantor)Q``fc Q``L ``b CG ``dEG ,``Y
``dGh ``TCG ``NOEG ``gh I``NCG I``dH
.SdG dEG c dG
``e ``SdG ``Y ``fdG A``eb s` M ``d ReQ ``g ``H ,``eY O``e ``d ``dG
b f ``Y dEG VQCG ``Sd ``dG ``SGQdG O``e ``d ``dGh .``VdG u` Jo ``VjQ
GeJ a ;VjdG ``gGdG OjEG G``j CG jC
k G ``dh ,e``SdG QdG ``a ``FQ ``UY
GhLhCG K eh ,de f Y dGh dG e
a``dG dEG ``Jh ,dG H HJ VjQ ReQ
bH Y SdG fGb J j GkOs oe kdY
Y dG ``j fCG G``cQOCG bh ,``ge ``dGh ``dGh ,A``dG u` Jo h ``JGh
jW Y a ddG ddG Gg ``e M ``Ff Y a ``SSCG GhOCG g -H bdGh -
J SdG L H ,LSG SdG L .SdG

dEG eJ eY Vh h``dH n Yd p j :``dG
dG ``d ``e ``ZQdG AG``LCG ``Y ``YhQdG Q``TCG
dG jh . Q``dG Mf ``SCG a VdG FGdG
.N AL a eY Vh YdG MCG j CG dEG
H j ``S dG Y OLdG dG g Pf EG
a eY ``YdG ``MCG Vh ``H ;``edG ``cdG
:HdG dG d
:dG
:bdG :SG 128
``J g ?eCG Gg a QG``SG j ie CG dEG
IT AL d j M Ie IY K dG ``J
f IY dG d
?H UN e ``T QR M VQCG ``e jFGO b O``Lh ``J
QJ H f dEG dG ``bG ,a IMGh I``T
``K ``J Q``dG ``Y ``SCG ``a ``VdG IQ``dG
Y j ``dG dG a e e ``a iNCG I``T
LCG ``e a ``g ``dh ,``cdG I``e I``FGO I``Y
QRGh ,``KCG KK dEG ``dG ``b K ,``dhCG I``dG
j dG ``f VQCG b dG a fEG .``VdG
.QTCG a d dG dG a IT
.f AdG .HdG dG Y H gGJ CG
e dG Gg JH ``J CG n Y H mJ ``d ``jh

1000 Game .indb 54 2/16/16 10:16 AM

 55 dG d dGh dG

:HdG dG d :HdG dG d
:dG :dG
:bdG :SG 130 :bdG :SG 129
dG dG dCe dG ae HW
``Y ``dG ``a IO``LdG ``dG ``dG ``J jHCG A``fE dPh ;gQ``j a IOLdG dG fCH adG YCG a IOLdG dG fCG H Lo
e fK Y QdG ?ANCG g jJ J g .dG g a IY ANCG KM ddG Adh ,IjL
.e M ``KK d
``jW ``Vh ``j ``g
``e ``N ``S ``Sd
``dG ``g ``J ``H
``M ``e ``e ``fK
?a e

:HdG dG d
:dG
:bdG :SG 131
dGh dG
eh ,MGh e Y J N KK N e
g .e ``HQCG Y ``J N ``HQCG ``N
N aVEG ``N e ``e I``Y Y ``j
?g VdG KdG d jNBG e

IH\ OHCG
e Oj CG ``j IM ``a ``f ``be EG ``dEG ``j ``MGh O``H ``dEG Ve Y J dG dH CGJ c SdG
,KGMEG hCG OG``YCG KK ``N IQS
.VGh mn ne Hh H adG .OHCG KK Aa ``Y hCG OHCG FK ``S Y
``Hh ``H a``dG `k `e ``d ``e ``N ``WJ ``g ``dG - ``dG EG
V
``e Os` j CG ``jh
``YJQGh ``adG ``a ``FM dG N
``fCG ``J CG ``jh ,IO``e I``a ``J -``cCG hCG
S
N e ``dG a e ``S
``e IO``Yh ,``adG ``VQCG ``Y .g IOLe
S
e CG ;``jH ``j ``bQ
OHCG KK ``KGMEd ``eoj
dG ``N Me ``N g SdG Y a FdG gdG cCG EG
. ,U ,S hdH
.VdG Nh Q``j CG j jW Y IQ``S Va ;OHCG Ia

Big Book of Brain Games_ 1000 PLAY THINKS-CH3.indd 55 2/16/16 11:37 AM

 dGh dG dG d 56

:HdG dG d :HdG dG d
:dG :dG
:bdG :SG 133 :bdG :SG 132
1 Hc e edG dG
IQGhdG dG 
Y Y ``J dG NGdG ``Z dG OY ``e
?e e N S SQ jW u K K ,GdCH fOCG dG dG g Qu U
?dG Gg e aCH dG J g ``J ``S ,UdG Qhj eYh .QGhO Ub ``Y
j ``g .I``jL P``f ``dG ``dG ``g
P``dG ``g ``e P``f c ``Y h``S ``e ``J
?HQCG

1 3 1 4 1 5

oH ``SdG EG dG ``j a .``c ``SdG
CGf CG f ,dG d eb CG Hh BG
dGh ``FGdG ``cGdG A``H ``a
``e ,``dG ``S ``Y ;``Sd
``HCG ``HdG CG BG ``VGdG
H ,a IMGh f NGO a Lj
``Sh ,dG e Oe Z OY
.GvL e H a MdG g
dG
Lh EG .G kM ``J h OHCG d ``d ``dG ``HdG ``NGO ``dG i``J CG ``J ``g
?dN SSCG Y H a dG dGh jH a dG ``dG ?QdG Mf HCG
e fCh .d H A``T dG CG j Ga ,MGh
IOY dG Ea ,Gf A``T dEG ``f CG dG ``J fCh .YdG a CN Lj ,
Y IU IFGO gh ,(.) `H d ej e C ;``gOLh ``Y ``j G``g E` a ,``dG ``jDhQ
KK Aa a IU Ic hCG m e S . keJ IOe Iah ,QU AT dG
.OHCG
JCj MCG H a{
dh ,zA``T { g dG ``dd
``TCG ``e ``J ``dG ``SSCG A``dG .zdG e e AT

1000 Game .indb 56 2/16/16 10:16 AM

 57 dG d dGh dG

:HdG dG d :HdG dG d
:dG :dG
:bdG :SG 135 :bdG :SG 134
CG jJ ``j g .e ``M j O``SCG ``dG
(Pappus) SHH jf ?LQN J dG CGh ,dG NGO J dG
QdG a - NGdG a
K NG K ,e N SQG . dG adG He e cCG S jW LJ
N c Y FG`` ` Y `` ` H f
dG dG dG EG ,e
WS dG dG g HJ
.J Y f K a
dG WdG f CG jdG
g .`` ` e N Y `` ` S
`` ` a `` ` U
k `` ` dP `` ` S
?c dG

j)*G**
j)*G*fI
:fkG*fI
fG*k**

:HdG dG d
:dG
:bdG :SG 136
?H CG e
f CG Uh j e g dG ``dG
H ``e ``Y ``J ``f C` H ``NGO ``J
``dG dG ``eCG ,e ``J ``e
.H ``Y e N ``J ``e ``a
``J ``g ,``edG ``g ``Y O``YH
a VdG ``HdG dG O``Y ``M
?QdG Y dG
``a ``dG ``dG hCG ``dG ``g ``MCG EG
j g .iNCG ``TCG Y j ``dG
?jJ

1000 Game .indb 57 2/16/16 10:16 AM

 dGh dG dG d 58

dG ``V .bJ ``j kLPf ``J ``dG
a ``HQCG ``dG ``e ``f c ``J ``M ``HGdG
dG ``V K ,``dG dG e ``e ``HQ
e `` oN a J f c J H ``edG
a dG ``j .G``gh ,``dG dG ``e
d j a ,H ZJ dG UdH dG g
dG RhJ CG ``j fCG -``ge ``Hh -
``S I``Y ``edG ``da ;I``Y H``dG
,j``T UH dG VGe NG d ``M
``jh .I``L ``f ``j ``f ``Y ``Vh E` a
H``e dC` e ``M ``SG EG GkR``e ``J CG
I``Y ``dG ``dG ``d) ``a dC` dG ``d
IY fdG dG dCe
meCG dEG J b jdG g Ea dP ``eh ,I``Yb hJ F``e kfMCG ``VjdG A``Y ``cj
.U Z H UCG fCG H a oJ d Sh H
dG d IdG FdG g iMEGh ,f e
CG a f ``V :jd ``H ``dG ``YGb
fOQL JQe I``e hC ``gcP dG I``Y ``fdG
fK ``f ``V BGh ,``dG ``dG ``Y ``e
a VjdG ``dCG ``H ``a (Martin Gardner)
e ``f a dG ``e ``f c ``J ``M
(Scientific American ``jeCG ``dG ``dG
.dG dG Gg e
.magazine)
dG e f c J M dK f ``V
.dG YGb g a .``dG dG e e K a KdG ``Y ``f I``Y ``fK ``jRJ ``g ``dG
dhCG ``dG CG ``VGdG ``e ``j ``MdG .``dG YGdG d kah ``e b ``W
VJ CG ``Ha ,``a ``e CG ``a ``fJ CG ``j bGdG a) I``jY kWf J ``dG ``cCdH
,ddG dG ``aVEG j M ``UH ``dG CG J ``HQ ``dd ;(``dG ``e ``v Ff GkO``Y
dG ``e ``e ``K ``a ``f c ``J ``H ``Z GkO``Y ``j CG ``ac I``H ``j A``dG
.dG C ``k ah ``dG ``dG ``Y ``dG ``e O``e
.(54 U

:HdG dG d :HdG dG d
:dG :dG
:bdG :SG 138 :bdG :SG 137
2 Hc e dG b
Y Y J dG NGdG Z dG OY e fK dEG ``dG e UdG G``g b ``J ``g
Vj VdG SdG ?e N S jW ?e b Y H Ke b
v
?dP e aCH dG J g .e H M

:HdG dG d
:dG
:bdG :SG 139
3 Hc e
jW Y Y ``J dG NGdG ``Z dG O``Y ``c
v Vj ``VdG ``SdG ?``e ``N ``fK
``H M
?dP e aCH dG J g .e

1000 Game .indb 58 2/16/16 10:16 AM

 59 dG d dGh dG

:HdG dG d :HdG dG d
:dG :dG
:bdG :SG 142 :bdG :SG 140
1 dG dG
f
``HQCG ``H ``b ``Y ``dEG ``dG ``J ``j
e
e g .fOCG ``VdG dG Y ,``e b
dEG dG ``Jh dP ``e aCH ``dG ``dG
eY I``Yb Vh ``j g ?``b I``Y i``MEG
fIj..
:fHj+4&* e ``J j dG WdG e OY cCG OjE
``S a ``dG dG e e OY ``N
?MGh m e
fIj+4*
:fHjIf.

fIj1
jH,|<jk6

``Nh ,f HQCG ,``f ``K ,``f ``dEG ``dH

GkOYG .I``FGdG Y FG``Y ``H gQNG J ``f 3 dG dG
jJ e , YdG Wd ``dG ``dG Y .f `t `S ``YCG ``a ``dG I``FGdG ``e ``Y ``Vh
?dG dG e dEG dH ,H a ``e H L dG g ``UhCG
.dP e fdG WdG OY MG K
b dG i``NCG ``dG ``dEG GQk ``j ``fG CG``J CG ``bh
M g VdG TCG .HLEG jJ Y YJ
:HdG dG d
:dG
:HdG dG d :bdG :SG 141
:dG
:bdG :SG 143
2 dG dG
dG hdG dEG dG d ac e b Y N
a IY e e hU j S dEG dG J j g .b IY N
.IU aZ 140 dEG Y HQCG ?a b Y N jW Y b IY
``YCG ``e ``j Q``d ``T ``Lj
dEG hdG e i``dG jhGdG
.dG jhGdG SCG
,``dG ``H ``dG hO ``e
``dG O``Y ``jJ ``j ``g
dN ``e ``S ``dG I``dG
?QdG T

1000 Game .indb 59 2/16/16 10:16 AM

 dGh dG dG d 60

:HdG dG d :HdG dG d
:dG :dG
:bdG :SG 145 :bdG :SG 144
v j dG
N dG a aN
WdG  ``e ``Y ``a ``e ``N ``HQCG ``SQG
``adG ``g ``a ``J ``g ,I``FGdG
SCG a e``SdG ``dG dG e IMGh c d IY iMEG (bYdG)
``g .``e ``f ``J ``a ``WJ ? gMh e a
GS QS KK a WJ ``N ``N ``SQ ``j
MGh WJ WJ KK WJ S WdG e OY ``cCG e ?f ``Y
?a N N dEG dH dG

.I``dG ``dGh M``dG ``jd ``dG (Pappus) ``SHH ``dG ``VjdG ``dY
``dG dBG ``SSCG J ``SHH jf CG cCG g eh
vN .RdG QU e J dG FdG
eY k q e j HG
.ej H j
SHH jf
(Pappuss Theorem)
cdG dG Ib
a ;HGdG dG VjQ YCG c jQSEG e
f WSH Cj CG j AdG CG QOCG e hCG
j ``MGh H ``a J ``dG ``da ;``ce
JG a dG ``dG dPh ,``e N e
``dGh ,`
k `e O``j ``dG ``Y O``Y
dGh ``dG Y O``Y JG a ``j ``dG
Gg j CG ``jh ,``dG ``e GkQ``e oj
``W ``Y ``J ``dG ``dG ``d ``dG

1000 Game .indb 60 2/16/16 10:16 AM

 61 dG d dGh dG

J ``dG ``dGh ``FdG ``dG EG
.dG dEG OJ dCd FdG OhdG AGQh a
Q``TCG e kdZ j``dG dG ``J ``a
Ia dEG ``SdG ``LQh YCG ``LQ hQ``e
IQTG g .hdG QN YGHEG M Y dG
.e
k hj dG dG Gg M dEG
f N e J N
H j HQ ,dC` d Mv ``J d GPEG ``SQG ;dG ``Y JQb i``e f ``YO
e c ``j .``gdG ``a ``k FY ``LGh ``fCG eh UUQ ``b N K ,33 ``He a ``f ``J
dG e U OY a ``fCG -kdZ - ``SdG ``e ``fk s e `` vN ``SQG ``bQdG ``Y ``aJ CG hO
c Vj ,``dG ``S a ;dC` d ``dG ``dG dG N e J ``e N ``HQCG
e j CG ``H ``dG d dG sCG ``SdG ``e .L
J CG H dG sCGh ,``aCGh ``SCGQ N nEG ;e dCdG g h``S dhCG gd
cJ d d ,dG dG J dG (HdG) a ``J HQ dh , ` k `S GkeCG j f fK ``HQ
.dCdG e GkAL UH OdG g .ve hj

:HdG dG d :HdG dG d :HdG dG d

:dG :dG :dG
:bdG :SG 148 :bdG :SG 147 :bdG :SG 146

dG dCe dG dCe dG dCe

IY dG IY KG dG
Y HdG ``a I``Y ``dG dG HQ ``j ``g ``Y I``Y ``KG ``dG ``g ``HQ ``J ``g e N HQCH f ``J HQ ``J g
aQ hO ``e ``dG dG e ``S ``jW aQ hO ``e ``dG dG e ``S ``jW ?bQdG Y UUdG b aQ hO e
dG e O``Y bCG e ?bQdG Y ``UUdG ``b dG e O``Y bCG e ?bQdG Y ``UUdG ``b N KK GSH dCdG g M J g
?dH d ?dH d ?a e

1000 Game .indb 61 2/16/16 10:16 AM

 dGh dG dG d 62

``j ,``JQjdG ``KGMEG ``N ``e
``fc GPEG .``TCG ``Sd O``dG G``SG
GPEGh ,OHCG FK dG j ,je a dOdG
KK ``dG j Ge KK a dOdG ``fc
QjO ``KGMEG G``SG ``dG ``eh .O``HCG
Y``J CG jC
k G dG eh ,``dG J ``a
f hCG f CG H ,ddG OdG M Y
dG ``J O``dG J ``dG ``dG ``WJ
``SdG dG L jdG F``SdG g .jOdG
.fdG Jh SdGh d Ic b GP
KGMpEG
jQ Uh eY ;``Y H``dG dG e a jC
k G fEG ,jOe LCG Oe d ``TCG
(Pierre ea O H h (Ren Descartes) QjO ,OGYCG ``N e ``Uh ``j ``VjQ ``YGHEG
``e ``LhR G``SH ``dG ``be de Fermat) ``TCG de dG a ``L OGYCG ``eh
``SG -eH QjO ``H - ``Y ``WCG OG``YCG ``T Ggh ,IjL Ff dEG Ud e ``H
J JQjdG KGMEa ;JQjdG KGMEG .SdG dH j VjdG TCG e
KGMEG ``a ,We jee ``jQe ``e
Y ``HGb ``dEG ``SdG ``dG ``e O``j
a``dG dG ``Y hCG ``bdG ``j (2,3) ``e
k ``SbEG ``SG eY ,OdG b 300
e T
Y fdG bdGh ,aCG (S) ``dG Qe Y
Hc a gGdG H a ``SdG dG ``TCG
(U) GO``dG Qe ``Y a``dG Vj Q``dG
JGH `
v `e e
k UCG bh .UdG `H ``dG
.SCGdG

:HdG dG d :HdG dG d
:dG :dG
:bdG :SG 150 :bdG :SG 149
jd j``Yh HQCG dEG MGh e bo dG dG ``KGMEG
jhe ae H QTCG dG JdH dG Uh s GPEG ;dG g Y bGe
KGMEG o n r Un
,jhe a``eH J KdG Q``TCG g .e IQU J a N e ``be ``jJ j ``dG ``dG ``a ``dG
jh``e a``e Y YhQe ``e I``MGh c EG CG ``SG .``KGMEG GQ``e ``Y ``j ``N ``WJ
O``d ``bCG ``dG ``g G``g ``a .``jNCG ``e
?jhe ae H J dG QTCG

1000 Game .indb 62 2/16/16 10:16 AM

 63 dG d dGh dG

:HdG dG d :HdG dG d
:dG HdG dG :dG
:bdG :SG 152 :bdG :SG 151
M jW ``Y I``T dEG ``He h``a ``dG ``dG
WCG dG dG eW AYh dEG UdG a Zjh ,GbCG 10 ``dW
``f ``Hj ``N ``WCG ``Y Q``dG ``J ``g ha h``j dd ;``eb
k I``Y ``N a``e Y ``j
dG ``N e jh ``WdG ``JFGdG ``Y .cCG a CGj CG b GQk Ge
.(D h A dG a JFGdG WJ) .A IOdG ,PEG ,IdG J dh dG j dh ,N CG LJ
?dP ha a c

:HdG dG d
:dG
:bdG :SG
153
:HdG dG d f a ``YdG ``Sj ,``Se N e Y ``Sj
:dG .f b d e
WdG
:bdG :SG 154 d d
UdG ``WdG ``f Y c ``j ``dG ``jf ``a
YaCG d ``oJ ``Md a ``YdG ``j ``e ``WJ c .``H ``e ``e O``Y ``cCG ``jJ ``g ``dG ``g ``Ve
d ``J e dG YdG j ``WJ ch ,``f ``dG ``dG ``SQ ``a ``YdG h``j .``WdG
,``N ``KKh ,``M ``KK - ``HK ``J ``LJo
.IMGh f Y c ,``dG ``Md ``fGL ``W ``Y ``dG ``HJ
,IU J ``e M a ``ae -QR ``KKh
N a Wj I``e c a .e ``H ``k b ``j
JM WJ h ,``NBG ``fk K ``K CG ``ej h
k G
.jC
dG OH ,``v FL Ie Z HdG ``e ``fK
dG ``d ``e ``fJ CG ``j ``g ,IQ``dG ``dEG
?IdG J v c dG

1000 Game .indb 63 2/16/16 10:16 AM

 dGh dG dG d 64

p G jdG
fhdE
f ``e J G k``J ``cCG ``SdG Q``U ``M ILCG dEG vfhdEG ``Sjh ,fdh fd ``LQO Y j``dG dG FGhCG a ``SdG ``cG
``H RdCG fE ``dG Gg `` uoH ``bh ,I``U d ke ``dG eoJ M ,RdG ``SG Y ``TdG Y ``ce Q``U ``jJ ``j ``fCG
:JCj c (Pixel) jdG SGdG ``TT ``Jh .jRJ IQU s` J GvL IU AGLCG dEG IQdG ``J ``jW
fCG iJ ``S ,b Y ``f GPEG .``f ``dG eH J j H ch .(pixels) ``H

:HdG dG d :HdG dG d
:dG :dG
:bdG :SG 156 :bdG :SG 155
2 H Y 1 H Y
SCG a LPdG ed dN GSG j g ``J ``g .``SCH ``dG ``LPf `r `SQOG
``dG f hM ,``J d GPEG ?I``MGh IQU ``a LPdG ``eop O GPEG IQdG ``Y ``S e jJ
k e c .dG Y ZQdG dG dEG Pf c e ?k e
.dH ceCGh GdCG Hd

:HdG dG d
:dG
:bdG :SG 157
dG QTCG YGQR
n jM `` `YQRo
GQ`` `e `` `S Y Q`` `TCG `` `H
`` `K `` `e c `` `a `` `Lj GQ`` `e -`` `e
e c a Lj iNCG GQ`` `e HQCGh - Q`` `TCG
S a IjL jM J j g .JT
K Qe c a j H ,GQe HQCGh QTCG
?a QTCG

1000 Game .indb 64 2/16/16 10:16 AM

 65 dG d dGh dG

:HdG dG d :HdG dG d
:dG :dG
:bdG :SG 160 :bdG :SG 158
QgRCG U adG FK Ye
jM ``a IgR I``Y ``S Q``j CG ``gR ``dG OGQCG J CG ``dG ``e m ``e ``S ``Y ``dG EG
jGdG ``a .d YGQR ``ceC ``dH CG``Hh ,``de e IO``e ``Ye ``LJ ``dh ,a``e CG ``H
ah U HQCG g j H QgRCG jM ``U hCG I``MGh a``e ``Y ``e ``f CG ``J ``dG
N I``Y dP e ``S M ,QgRCG HQCG U c ``a ``dG ``bH ``Y ``eJ
k ``e a``e
``aCG ``N ``HQCGh ,``SCGQ ``N ``HQCG :``e JOe f J ,dG S Y ;YdG
.QgRCG HQCG a S e ch ,jb Nh c Jh ,``H e dH I``MGh a``e Y
QgRCG Q``j CG gh ,aCG ``N gR ``dG Y ``K h``e e ``ShDhQ ``J dG dG dG ``e
v Y ``N W Y I``Y ``dG
HQCG ,k ``e N .jNCG dG e f adG Y VCG
YGQR ``jW OJ CG ``J g .N c ``a Q``gRCG Ye ``a g ``dG e ``YdG ``Jg
?d .adG jOMCG f
f Ye Y e k bdG he dG j
OY c ,dG dG N e .a``dG FK
CG j ``dG a``dG FK iNCG ``YdG
:HdG dG d
?gJ
:dG
:bdG :SG 161

ae Y ae Y
IMGh

:HdG dG d
:dG
:bdG :SG 159
adG KK Ye
``H ``fOCG ``VdG ``HQCG ``dG ``UJ ``J
Ye Y ``e Ggh ,dG a ``e ``N
.adG SGS
UdG oJ H f HQCG JJ j g
J H ,eh ``e a``e K H
,Ge ``K a``dG ``g i``MEG
,Je ``J ``fdG a``dGh
a INCG a``dG eCG
adG IOe Ye O``Y ``c ?I``MGh I``e
``M CG ``dEG .``dG ``a ``VdG O``SCG ``dH CG``HG GWCG J H dG dG g Y dG Uh
u ``j ``dG ``eCG
?J CG J CG ``j :IO``e ``UN ``NGO ``WdG ``dG Gg Y Y QdG
j NBG ``Wh ,a IMGh Ie G``WCG MCG ``j YdG ``e ``dG
.Ggh ,Ge K j dK Wh ,Je ?adG KK

1000 Game .indb 65 2/16/16 10:16 AM

 dGh dG dG d 66

:HdG dG d :HdG dG d
:dG :dG
:bdG :SG 164 :bdG :SG 162
dG OGYCG OY dEG ``Tj e IYCG g e OY
dG OGYCG S e U c ``a jC k G Ljh ;``jJ Y ``j ``dG
dG GY He
dG JG J ``J g j dG ``HdG OY dEG ``Tj e ``dG ``g j hCG) ``K OG``YCG jJ ``Y R``dCG ``g ``J
K OG``YCG ``KK ``jH jGhR d ``J hCG HdG NGJ ``b) .gDh``fEG ``Y eh Ib iNCG b CH dG OGYCG G``SG
?a ``Y ``KG R``dCG ``g ``M ``J ``g .(c``e ((Soda Straw) ``dG ``T ``e ``f ``dG ``d
?L c a ``Lj .He ``e ``fe I``jL ``fCG A``fE

dG OGYCG e KG be H dG OGYCG e KK be H dG OGYCG e HQCG be H

He fEG
:HdG dG d
:dG
:bdG :SG 165

He KK fEG
dG OGYCG f
``dG OG``YCG ``J ,``fOCG ``VdG ``dG ``a
e ``T Y ``J g .IMGh f ``a ``KdG
K OY CG ``e W c ``j H ``K OG``YCG
He HQCG fEG

M ?jNBG ``K OY aH ``a (`k `e)

h ,``aGWCG ``e ``a ``J ``b ``dG OG``YCG CG
g j dG ``dG e .H NGJ ``g ``j
?dG OGYCG e OY bCG jh IYdG
``VjdG ``dY ``g dC` dG ``g ``Vh ``e hCG
He N fEG

dGh ,(Heiko Harborth) Q``HQg g ``fdCG

a (Nob Yoshigahara) GQg``Tj ``f ``Uh
gh .(Puzzletopia) (I``dG R``dCG) J``f
AdG ``j dC` dG ``g ``e ``e ``NBG ``T
``dGh ,``f c ``a ``K OG``YCG ``HQCG G``WCG
a HJ ``K OGYCG 104 ``j hdG ``eCG :HdG dG d
:dG
dG dC` d M OLh Y cCJ J bh .``f 52
:bdG :SG 163
.f c a K OGYCG N GWCG AdG J
LdG c a Rc M
e RdG ``M G``NEGh ``LdG ``c jJ ``j ``g
LdG c ``j CG j) ?K O``Y jJ ``N
k
.(H J dG dG a UCG H e

1000 Game .indb 66 2/16/16 10:16 AM

 67 dG d dGh dG

:HdG dG d :HdG dG d
:dG :dG
:bdG :SG 167 :bdG :SG 166
LdG d dG OGYCG e J
fdG ``LdG g ``JJ ``J g .jb d``S d ``Y j dG G``g
N N c ej H dG ``aGZdG ``dG O``Y e
OGYCG e e OH ``gDhGLEG j dG
?bCG Y iNCG LN
?m e S Y dG
K OY K OGYCG KK
:JBG OdG s oJ
``MGh ``K O``Y ``e ``J ``adG .1
``Y ``ej CG ``K O``d ``jh
.a aW MCG
m `H ``dG OG``YCG ``VJ CG ``j .2
`
``dG t jo d ,``dG ``Y m ``e
``J IO``YEG ``eCG GPEG ``He
dG GPEG :`k `e) AdG ``a ``gMCG
d k H``e d (u Mh o ``dG
.NBG
MGh K Od dG L dG
YCG K OG``YCG KK hCG ``K O``Y hCG
.SCG a VdG TCG a
``gDhGLEG ``j ``dG ``dG ``dG O``Y ``c
?K OGYCG N ?K OGYCG HQCG ee
k

(Lines and Linkages) WJQGh dG

dG ``jW e `
k `H JQG ``jW ``a d``H GSH ``e cM dEG jJ j fGQhO Ea ,``Yh ;``k U ``k b ``dG ``j ,``v de
.dG OY dEG ``J ``HdG ``gh ,(Piston) ``dG ``SGQO g HGdG dH ``dG F``dG
``g ``dG ``fdG (Bearings) ``H ``ehdG ``e .dG Sg a
k``e vcM vN fCG fe dBG hCG
``jW ``MCG ``JQG ``jo .``Sd ``VY
(Peaucelliers Linkage) ``SH JQG dBG ``fc eEG dG hCG dG e f ``WJQG
.jQdG dBG Ib e IOSd
g Jh ,OdG 1864 ``Y a YNG ``dG fCG hCG ,ce Ue W``SH hCG H HGe
``cdG ``dG dG ``SdG CGdG ``Y ``dBG dBG e (James Watt) Gh ``L sU cM d J IYb WSH dG Y e
e HQCG ,``N ``S ;(Inversion) ``fG hCG ``dG ``dG ``JQ ``Y ``M hCG ``jQdG aW e G k``MGh kb ``K GPE` a ;``jH GQh``dG
(Inverter) ``cdG ``J ``dG gh ``f ``dH fCG ,dG JQG G``SG e ak ;kjJ cM ``S dG NBG dG Ea ,IYb Y
e ``JQG a IOe ``f ``JG GPEG ``H H a Y ``c) (Watts' Linkage) Gh ``JQG .IYdG g M fGQhO
``J ``JQG ``a ``fK ``f E` a ,``SH ``e dG ``j G kse vVjQ ``e (``SG GH
``Wh ``S ``cM ``fGQhdG ``cdG ``Jo
dEG ``cdG e CG ``Hh .d ``dG ``dG e gh (Bernoullis Lemniscate) JhdG GP
``e cM A``H ``j PEG ,;``WJQG ``d
NCG H``dG JQG Ea ,FGO g ``e N e e AL Ea dd ,Se d 8 bdG j
Ggh ,HK ``e N dEG ``LdG hO ``e ``e
,IFGO ``dEG ``SH JQG a ``dG i``MEG ``oj a dGh .``dBG a Gh ``ddG g ``ed ``j
cdG .``SdG Y a ``jf dC` e ``d eCG
``SfG Y iNCG f QLEG dP j gH ``K J b ``dG dG G``g e ``fEG CG ``g ``eCG
``cM ``g ``jQdG ``dBG ``Y ``LdG ``dG
.e H

1000 Game .indb 67 2/16/16 10:16 AM

 dGh dG dG d 68

:HdG dG d :HdG dG d
:dG :dG
:bdG :SG 172 :bdG :SG 168
adG OdG VCG RGe JQG
KK ;JdG hCG idG QdG e W``TCG ``S bG e d fe HGhQ jW Y N HQCG JJ
jdG WTCG GWCG Hu O K ,Ib KKh jW CG dG eh ,VCG RGH j ``fGL HQCG ``d
``ShDhQ ``HdG ``f ``J ``M Q``dG ``e ``H ``dG hCG HdG e c YHdG JQG G``g ``j
jH QPCG LQCJ CG ``j .VCG h``e e a ,dG ``TCGh dG e , ``e RGe dEG
IdG W``TCG HQG ``dP H ,dG ``g ``M HK H J g ,Q``dG Y VdG jdG Y AKCG
e
WTCG J M ;jdG WTCd IdG GWCH G d HK jCGh ,``J dG bdGh ``UdG O``J CG
VCG
W``TCG GWCG ``M LQCdG ``Y IQO``b I``dG jGhdG
.HLEH adG hdG CeG ?j
W``TCG GWCG HQG Gk NCG ,H HQ dG ``jdG
HGdG G``g N Gk ` c ``k K ``YGh ,``k e I``dG
:HdG dG d :HdG dG d
b V K ,dN ``e UUQ b d ``ac ``LQH :dG :dG
.dG N e UUdG :bdG :SG 170 :bdG :SG 169
a IQe J ``S cdG HGdG ``cM EG
UUdG ``b G``SG ``jW Y .``e ``e LQCe e Gh JQG
g Y Q``dG ``J g ,``UGdG Q``e ``d AGdG QPCG JJ ,fdG JQG Gg ``a .``SCG a ``VdG ``fdG ``JQG ``J
?OhdG ``dGh ``YGQdG c ``dh ,A``bQR I``Yb ``Y dh HK ``b Y aW MCG ``e QPCG ``JJ
d J ,Je ``fc e ZdG Y ,``MCG MCG HGdG Hjh ,NBG a ``Y jH J
jk+f.fI ``J g ,dG dEGh ``eCG dEG ``LQCdG ``jM ``g ``FYEHh ,``cM ``jh A``bQdG QPC``H
jF|tkHfI
LQCJ IQhO ``N ``e A``dG ``dG Q``e ``J AdG dG Qe jJ J g ,edG
?JQG Gd ec IQhO N e MCG HGdG e a IOLdG
?cd ec

:HdG dG d
:dG
:bdG :SG 173
dG jJ
``SCG ``a ``VdG ``dG ``Y ``dG sEG
``JFGdG ``e ``W ``Y ``cdG ``d ``j
``SCGd j a H ``ddG ``dGh ,``WdG
:HdG dG d
f J ``H ,dN ``e j CG ``UUQ ``b :dG
``SS UUdG ``b sE` a ,``JFGdG ``Y ``dG :bdG :SG 171
k `T
``dP ``j GP``e ``jJ ``J ``g .Gk` s e `
Gg Y UCG ``W IQU A``H aCG ``e ?``dG FGhdG W Y dG
.H QdG Gg SQh dG JQG k J
aW u bo -g Ve ``g c - k ``e HGQ
dG Q``dG d M ``J g .We ``JFGH
aW MCG J GPEG ,HGdG e ``a dG ``J
IQhO ``N e dPh ,``H ``dG I``FGdG ``Y ``HGdG
J CG Qh``dG ``e j HQ :``M ?``ec I``MGh
.UUdG H QdG Jh ,H JQG Gg H

1000 Game .indb 68 2/16/16 10:16 AM


1000 Game .indb 69 2/16/16 10:16 AM

``WdG ``fc GPEG -``v aGZW ``ae-
``VdG EG .``Ke ``jH ``Je I``XdG
Z GkQeCG t ` J fGdG ``T hCG ``Wd O``dG
.WJQG f g AT gCa ,e
dG FdG dC` e e C Y M Lj
dG ``Y ``KG ``dG ``j ``dG ``dG h
``d) (Icosian Game) ``jRjEG ``H ``j
g d ``dG LJ CG e ``Ha ,(184 ``dG
dP j bh ,CdGh ``dhdG N e F``dG
iMEG fdG SdG jf L dG SCG MCG
QhdG dEG ``aVEG ,dG ``VjdG ``e ``fCG
.dG dCGh RdCG M a jODJ dG
:HdG
:dG
:bdG :SG 175
edG GQdG
b ``J CG ``j ``dG ``e ``ae ``J ``g
?edG a GQdG g KMCG
1000 Game .indb 70
dGh fdG SdG dG d 70
fdG SdG jf
gh :(Graph Theory) fdG SdH OHCG KK GkOs e GkOY jd CGh ,e l FH fCG ``J
WdGh ,ShDhdGh ,dG e OHCG FK f ``J g .``b ``bh ``a gQh``S ``dG ``e
``Jh .fGdGh dG ``jW Y ``JJ ``dG IQ``jR ``d ``j ``dG ``bCG ``jdG ``Y Q``dG
G kJ ``cCG ``oH GP GkOs ` ne `
k `T ``fdG ``SdG ?c dG
``SdG Y e f dG ``S Y ;hj e
bh vjY KG T
k DhYEG J fCG J hCG
d ``eRdG ``YdG ``dG ``J ``b ``fdG
aGM W Y UEG uM :JBG dG e uob
g HJ ``dG ``dG VJ ``H ,``e ``e
Y J H AdG a dG Y GkQe d
dN e j dG L dG QeCG dG
.a IMGh Ie SCGQ c
``SdG g e J jW a dG ``J AGOCG
dG ``cCG Y Q``dG ``SdG ``j ``fdG GkAL G``jh ,Je ``jdG G``g j
.dG d IAc J jh ,``fdG ``SdG jf M ``MCG ``e
``Y KG ``dGh dG IdG Q``e e xc
h ``Ke G``j ``fH ``SQ EG
dG d :HdG dG d
:dG
:bdG :SG 174
cdG AdG
SCG a IOLdG A``dG EG
jU ``He ``jJ ``dG
,g dEG ``Udh .YCG ``a
QgRCG e ``M QY Y E` a
`` kgJG ``j ``d ch ,``fdG
dEG eEGh ``YCG dEG ``eEG ,``k e
``dEG hCG Q``dG ``dEG hCG ,``SCG
t J AGO``dG HdGh .``dG
.J e H Y Gk M
``gJG ``jJ ``J ``g
O``jEGh ,``d c ``j ``dG
CG A``d ``H ``dG Q``dG
?dG Qd J
2/16/16 10:16 AM
 71 dG d dGh fdG SdG

(Euler) jhCG dCe

fdG `` ` SdG ch ,jdGh `` ` jGdG GY `` ` a
a e c ,WJ 4 a `` ` fc jd
OjEG dG `` ` Z a ,dG e Oa OY
.dCdG g M
F``e iMEG J bGdG ``a ``jhCG dC` e EG
ej dG VjdG e dG gh ,aGZdG
``Y ``dG ``j ``dG ``TCG ``FN ``e
``ae ``dG ``Jh .``aGfG A``KCG ``a
``dG jd gGMEG J eCG GPEG vaGZHW
fc je dEG dH dG g c ,NBG
RLG eCG GPEG .jdG Y jhC fdG ``SdGh
ke eCG S dc ,e Qe N T
.Ke T C
je Q``H j a ``jhCG Y c ``d
,fdG SdG jd SSCG dH fc
.aJ VjQ d kS j d eCG Ggh
VjdG dY c ,``Y edG dG a
jZ (Leonhard Euler) jhCG OQfd ``jdG
M Q``HG N e ``cf e ``cCG ``d ,``fEG
``jd ``dG Q``dG :``aJ ``VjQ ``e
e c e ``bh ``a .(Knigsberg) ``fc
``ShdG ``fc je a ``dG ``jdG
e ``T ``j g .dC` dG g a ``dGh
``f ``Y ``J ``dG ``L ``dG Q``dG Q``Y
fCG jhCG XCG ,OdG fdG SdG Gg GSG Ie dG ``MGdG ``HJh ,(Pregel) ``jH
c fe g j CG Ha ,ddG S ?a IMGh
,dG e Oa OY a Hj M bCG
CG EG ,dG g W`` ` H e ZdG Y
,jGdG `` ` f dEG IO`` ` dG kHe c GPEG `` ` fCGh
;WH cCG bdG L jW Y dG Lh jhCG
OY a Hj M ceCG `` ` g j CG a
fc je a QdGh QdG SG a
:jDhdGOH ,H dG .dG e Oa
g `` ` e c v `` ` NJ `` ` S I`` ` dG `` ` MdG JjL) HQCG `` ` HdG We .fh H
dH Lhd f jdH kdZ WdG HoJ ,WJ hCG `` ` kWf UCG (dG `` ` Vh
jW Yh .QdG J N `` ` S jW Y

:HdG dG d :HdG dG d
:dG :dG
:bdG :SG 177 :bdG :SG 176
IYCG d f HQCG hP fdG SdG
jdG dG Aa a dCG c e k dZ ,Gk U c eY OjEG ``J g ,``SfGh GQhdG ``gJ GPEG
Q``S j ,cdG ah .QG``SCG e dH IYCG ``fH c H ``H JJ ``b dG ``c ``dG ``dG
fc HdCG aCG MCGh .dG fK QgRCG H e ?c hCG SCG a VdG HQCG dG
e ``SCH NBG dEG OY e ``e N a dG J
CG d S GQe e WJ GQe SCG ch ,``SCG
``eCGh dG Q``dG a bCG ,``eCG ``J GPEGh ,``JY
GQN eeCG j M dG a ``SCG c ;QgRCG ``e Y
IGPH j Qe a dG hCG a dG d ``S Q``e QGJ :a
4 ,JGQN g J J eYh .QgRCG e QS fGL e fL
15 8 9
.bdG Y s c
5
dG ``g a ;``HdCG ``MC ``e Q``dG ``Y ``Lj
3

10
H dh ,e CG hO e GQk e Y KK a jL
14
7 1 Q``S Y fNC``S IMdG MdG cM fc ``dP
2
16 6
.dG fG dd ;QgRCG e
13 11
?ddG Me a YGb JH cCG dG J g
12

1000 Game .indb 71 2/16/16 10:16 AM

 dGh fdG SdG dG d 72

dGh fdG SdG jJ

3
H IOe Me g dG .de .e MGh H SQ j Qe g jdG
.dG aCG e cCG hCG
1 2
WdH jh CGj jdG e AL g dG
We 3 e T e O``Y ``bCG ``g ``dG ``JQ AL ``gh ,``NBG ``WH Qh``dG hO ``e ``f `` e GPEG `` jv FGO `` jdG `` j
H SQ dG ``SGbCG dG ``H ``dG ``WdG I``b ``jdh ,``FGO a O`` Jh edH `` a `` S
.a IMGh Ie a c SQ Y J Ya UH ``dG ``YGQP e c v ``MG FGO jW .jGdG d

O``dG ``a c GPEG ``ae ``dG ``J

.e ``jf ``d ``fc GPEG ``FGO ``Z ``jdG ``j
H ``f IdG d dG WdG e ``f .HJ dG hdG OY g WJ JQ vFL vjFGO c GPEG hCG ,(jf f d H)
.f JdH J .(a IMGh jf f d)
A A'
e WJ
B E' 1 JdG
E
F' e WJ
B' e WJ - M e jW
3 JdG 0 JdG
e jW FL FGO
D D'
C C'
ae T ``bCG ``Y ``dg c GPEG ``ec ``J ``dG .cCG hCG jW gY j f g WdG
.WJ CG H J H e jW
``jW ``Y ``Je ``f ``g j``T ``T
.e M CG Y J N HGe T Z T
WJ
a M
HGe

f Y WJ ``dG fGdG OY ``g D` adG

.e
.e J dG GQdG OY g WdG Ib
WJ ``H ``j ``jdG ``e A``L ``g ``dG

:HdG dG d
:dG
:bdG :SG 178
.Je ``f dG J hCG k H``S a Q``S Q``e
dG Q``dG OjEG ``J g ,``dG a dP G`k `NBG
OHCG KK QhdG e
dG cQCG e cQ H QhdG dN e IOhd j ``dG ``dG G``M IGP``H ``dG IOh``dG ``J
?a IMGh Ie CG Y QhdG a ZGQ Z ``dh ,dG Y ``VdG

1000 Game .indb 72 2/16/16 10:16 AM

 73 dG d dGh fdG SdG
gh ,``WdG OY Y ``j ,jdG ``a ``H
.vaGZHW fdG SdG ``T u oZ GPEG M j
U ``WdG O``Y ``a ``dG ``fdG ``SdGh
``dG ``e EG .j``e ``fH ``SQ ``Y ``j
Y Hh ,ITe jH WdG OY ``M
dEG ``dH M h``e Z WdG O``Y E` a
``Sd WdG OY eCG ,edG fdG ``SdG
fG) MGh ``a f ``dG P ``edG ``fdG
.(dG dG GP edG fdG SdG
fI+4&*Hf+64
1000 Game .indb 73
WdG OY
e fdG ``Sd ``aGZdG G``fG j ``b ``HJ ``dG ``d kM``e ``j ``d GPEG
SQ dG e ,dG S a ;WdG OY g ``a ,WdH fdG ``SdG a ``dG
,jH ``Hc f ``HQCH ``edG ``fdG ``SdG ``SdG ``e G``fCG ``g ``e ``Y Ij``T O``b
jdG WJ oj .``fcQCG a WdG OLh ``e EG ``bGdG ``a .``VjdG ``Sj ``dG ``fdG
Y ``f fdG ``SdG ``SQ jh ,WJ f a f 5 Y j dG edG fdG ``SdG
``fG) ``WJ CG ``f ``jH m ``e ``S ,WdH d `` oS GPEG dh ,`k `e j
.(dG fdG SdG .m``e ``S Y fH ``SQ CG ``SQ j gY
``fCG ``Y ``WdG ``dG t ` nY ``dG ``e)
fH ``SQ ``Sd dG G``Y LJ ``HQ
e .(m``e ``S ``Y ``Vh
p ``U ``L ``fGL
e OY bCG a jW bCG Y LJ dh ,Oe
.WdG ``f ``j fd FGdG ``WdG G``g
dGh WdG e bCG OdG Ggh ,WdG
edG fdG SdG
Y ``Lh GPEG `k `ec ``fdG ``SdG ``j
e hR CG H J ``H e jW bCG
dEG ``K e ec ``fH ``SQ ``gh ,``dG
.f S
dG fdG SdG
f ``HQC ``dG ``fdG ``SdG EG
.WJ f CG Y j
f d ec fH SQ
fdG SdG sCG Vj FdG ddG Gg
:f- Y bCG Y j CG H f d edG
:f- .WdG hdG e MGh hR
k*jIjDf9(* s4f*jIjDf9(*
2/16/16 10:16 AM

jhCG dCe
e cv ec
m Hhm H n u n Jo CG g RdCG g Ve
CG hO e ``dPh ,AdG dH IO``dG P``dG
QhdG d ``S AL CG dEG LJ hCG UUdG b ``aJ
.AGdG dG a dG WJ CG j a ,a
nMCG ``TCG ``e ``T c a dP ``Y ``J ``g
``e J ``TCG g Ca ,``J d GPEG ?``Y
fEa ,``dG ``e O``a O``Y ``e ``j ``WJ
.PdG J j
kW kaNG J fEa eg IFGO ``eCG
``SdG ``fGL ``W ``Y Q``e :``jhCG I``FGO ``Y
IFGO Jh ,``a IMGh I``e ``SCGQ H j ``fdG
fdG SdG fGL H LPf ``H eg
ee Ea ,aNG e ZdG Yh .uH dh
dPh ,H``e Gj eg IFGOh jhCG IFGO
jhCG IFGd ``dH :IOYEG j e c v CG ``a
eg I``FGO dEG dEG ``dH H ,``fGdG ``a
J -J ``c- ``eg ``FGhO EG .``ShDhdG ``a
.jhCG FGhO e cCG LQH jdG U
1000 Game .indb 74
dGh fdG SdG dG d 74
:HdG dG d
:dG
:bdG :SG 179
?dG
jhCG FGhO
OY ``g ``fdG ``SdG ``a ``SCGdG D` aJ EG dEG Oj ``dG I``dG dG MCG ``SQG
fdG SdGh ,``SCGdG Gg Y J dG fGdG ua ``K ,dG ``S ``Y I``FGdG -``jGH ``f
hR c H G kMGh GkQ``e bCG Y j ``HGdG fL c ``j fdG ``SdG ``W Y Q``e ``a
g g ,``f ``SCGdG Y jh a IMGh I``e
.ShDhdG e e
``Ljh .``jhCG OQ``fd ``SH ``Sh ,``jhCG I``FGO
fdG ``SdG E` a ,``dG ``d ``k J CG dG e g :jhCG FGhO M eZ GDS
``fch `` kHGe c GPEG ``jhCG I``FGO ``Y ``j dhdG ``SCG e H)k ``dG jW Y ``J
Y ``j ``e ``fH ``SQ c GPEG ``e (C` dGh
.LhR c dG JGDaJ
IFGO AdG ``j CG j ``ch ? CG ``jhCG I``FGO
dG dG O``Y c J CG ``a ``Y ?CdGh dhdG dEG AdG hO e dG jhCG
fc e GPEG id ;WJ f c e J hCG NJ ``jW ``Y ``jdG ``g ``e ``jhCG ``a
f e cCG ``g fc GPEG .``e jhCG I``FGO .JQGh DadG ge GSG
2/16/16 10:16 AM
 75 dG d dGh fdG SdG

:HdG dG d :HdG dG d
:dG :dG
:bdG :SG 181 :bdG :SG 180
eg IFGO Ne e W
IMGh I``e ``j ``e Q``e ``g ``eg I``FGO OjEG ``J g .k FGO ``SCG JG :IMGh IYb d dG Gg
``J g .fdG ``SdG Y f c N e f ``dEG (NdG) ``f ``e H ``dG ``L ``dG
iMEG P dG dEG ``dH eg IFGO OjEG ?IYdG H J dG (hdG)
?SCH VdG f IY

hN

:HdG dG d :HdG dG d
:dG :dG
:bdG :SG 183 :bdG :SG 182
GdG dG Y QhdG
e `` `a G`` `L `` `KK `` `j ``Y ``e ``MGh ``N ``a ``dG ``J ``g
dRe e e c Wo .Qe HQCG ``dG ``J dG ``c AG``dG GQ``dG
HGH d `` `e ch ,e `` `H GQ``dG ``J CG ``j ?``H ``e ``dG
d `` `Ke H `` `Wo ,`` `UN CG a ``dG QJ d ,AGdG dH Qh``dGh
JJ ,`` `de `` `Hh .`` `dG .a dG S Qe
UdG JHGH `` `KdG RdG
dh ,WJ GQe jW Y
GQda ;e LJ ,iJ c
.We NCGh MCG
IjL GQe SQ `` `J g
G`` `dG `` `j `` `e ,`` `WJ
?AGS

1000 Game .indb 75 2/16/16 10:16 AM

 dGh fdG SdG dG d 76

:HdG dG d Qe dG IFGdG ``Y He bQCG Vh ``a ,``H :HdG dG d

:dG .QdG Mf IOLdG bQCG J e ,H :dG
:bdG :SG 185 RdCGh ``e ``j dG ``fdG ``SdG G``g ``e EG :bdG :SG 184
SQGe HQCG M j K eh ,OHCG FK e Y OHCG KK (Icosian) jRjEG d
.(Schlegel) T e j ,dS cCG
SQGe HQCH e SCG HQCG e WCG HQCG dG Y KG dG M MQ 
e d VjdG e Ya k v T eg HG
geJ Jh ,e d d SQe c ;e
,OHCG ``FK ``U ``LCG Y Q``dG ``d H``e adG SdG e d gh -jRjEG d Yop NG
CG ``J g .``SQdG ``d Ke ``fd I``e
.(Icosian calculus) jRjEG eJh VJ Y WCGh (W. R. ``eg ``VjdG ``dY b ``e -``jdG
CG ``J CG hO ``e ``SQe ``dEG ``J c ``UJ
?NBG QdG e Wj Qe ``UCG ``eg ``d .1859 ``Y ``a Hamilton)
OHCG KK ``e - ``Y KG ``e Y H
j dG ``dh ,v ` SN k Lh ``Y KG P
Ve g ``c OHCG FK ``H ``d
v aGZW ``k ae ``j ``dGh ,``YCH
.Y KG d
IFGO ``dEG I``FGO ``e ``f ``d
,AdG ``dH GQk he iNCG
I``FGO CG ``e A``dG ``j
J Cs G Y j dh ,gjJ
OJ CG jh ,Je IFGO CH
Y ``dh .CG``H ``M ``e
Qe ``dG ``FGhdG CGh Q``dG

kS Y KG hP e

GWCG FK fdG SdG

g KdG OG``YCG ``g e vjCG ``j ``MCG ``dh dG ``a (aGndG) R``dCG Y ``eY ``f j dG ``HQ ``J ``fdG ``SdG ``H
.dG HLEG .(ddG ``SdG e dG Gg ``Y eh ,``H ``L
.GWCG ``FK edG ``fdG ``SdG ``g ``fdG
Sd iNCG dG dG e c g ``d ``WdG O``Y CG ``e ``ZdG ``Y
a dhCG ``Ye ``dEG ``JWJ ``f ``J
VjdG GJ h ,dG IH fCG KCG fdG ``UCG G``WCG ``FK ``edG ``fdG ``SdG
dG CG ``Y IhY ,f a ``fdGh ``f

(Combinatorial mathematics) ``cdG OY C he Z GR e Y ``H fEa ,kahe
``L ``dH ``JJ ``Ye CG ``a ``L
R``dC ``N ``VQC
k G t ` Jh ,``jGH ``Me ``a ,7 = = fc GPEG ``dG ``S a . , ``f

f CG ``JJ ``dh ,i``NCG ``YdG ``a
.Feh dG .81 hCG ,79 hCG 77 j CG ``eEG WdG f OY E` a
``fdG ``SdG G``g ``e) .``f ``YdG ``a

1000 Game .indb 76 2/16/16 10:16 AM

 77 dG d dGh fdG SdG

:HdG dG d :HdG dG d
:dG :dG
:bdG :SG 187 :bdG :SG 186
2 aGn dG 1 aGdG
`` SQ dG G`` g `` Ve mMGh c ``j CG j ,``KdG R``dG ``oJ CG ``b
fGdG `` HJ N LM ``LJh ,``dGh A``HdGh ``JdG ``H ``e
hO e dG a dG k
WN k G N ``J dEG
``SJ CG ``J g .LE
dG fGdG e CG HQ aGdG ``e RdG ``g e ``e c ``Jh ``WJ
S Y ;f dG d ?KdG
j AGdG dG dG
AGdG `` dH HQ
Q`` dG
s `` JdG G`` Hh
HQ j h ,`` UCG
.AGdG `` SdG `` H
fGdG HJ dG c dG SQ J g
?WdH dG e C dG hO e SdG
b (JBG dCdG dEG aVEH) dC` dG g
a dG ,1 aGn dG dC` e e G kJ cCG UCG
fdG ``SdG Y GkO``YG dG ``e ``Ye
``f e Y J F``dG g .GWCG FK
K LJ gh ,G``WCG IOe fdG ``SdG
``KK ``v fH k ` SQ ``fe ,``dG ``e ``Ye
.GWCG

:HdG dG d
:dG
:bdG :SG 188
3 aGn dG
:HdG dG d k
G`` ` `M c `` ` `HJ `` ` `WN `` ` `SQG
:dG
:bdG :SG 189 dG a dG L fGdH
a . UCG G`` ` `dG d A`` ` `SH
4 aGn dG j dG `` ` `HGdG dG OY
GM c HJ WN k `` ` `SQG e Cx dG hO e `` ` `SJ CG
a dG `` ` `fGdH ?WdH
CG `` ` `HQ hO `` ` `e dG
.`` ` `f dG d fGM
HGdG dG OY a
`` ` `SJ CG j dG
e Cx dG hO e
?WdH

1000 Game .indb 77 2/16/16 10:16 AM

 dGh fdG SdG dG d 78

:HdG dG d :HdG dG d
:dG :dG
:bdG :SG 191 :bdG :SG 190
LhdG OdG jW IOhO MQ
jJ e jdG Fe e iNCG H dC` e g 2 OHCG hU GM IGPH ``a IOhdG MJ
I``FGO ``e ``H ``dG ``MdG Q``dG EG :``H IOhdG J ae WCG a .``S 3 ,S 2 ,``S
Y dG ``j (jdG) I``FGO dEG (``jGdG) S Q``e CG a ``dG QJ CG hO e J CG
QdG ``J a .``dG dG e LhR OY ?a dG d
?H e Qe bCG Y

jGdG jdG

:HdG dG d
:dG
:bdG :SG 192
dG
dh .MdG e d ``jh ,jdG a ``Sh ``SCG d e dG EG
,WdG e e b OY ah hdG d IjY fCG a dG ``dG ``a
k G Y Ea W``Hh ,QfG a jW kJbhCG ``S ja``dG Ea
Ab jC
fCG ``dEG ``dH ,dG a .``NBG UQ dEG h``e UQ ``e ``dG a ``bh
bdG e H ``bCG hCG cCG GQdG ``d RdG bdG ``j b IO``dG h``dG
b a J FMEG ``g ,iNCG dEG e ``e ``f hdG Y ``d RdG
.dG Gg
dG a AdG Yh ,IO``dG dG H jW ``SCG Y QdG g ``dG
c ``S .N a j e ``dEG J d e ,e ``H ``dGh ,``f
M e CGh ,IMGh bO (e CGJ dG dG dEG aVEH) H ``J ``e
OjEG ``J g ,edG g FYEG jW Y .bO QdG N a u oJ
k
?H dEG Uhh G h F dEG E ,D dEG C ,B dEG A e GAk H dG SCG

1000 Game .indb 78 2/16/16 10:16 AM

 79 dG d dGh fdG SdG

:HdG dG d
:dG
:bdG :SG 193
dG MQ
c ,g ``VdG ``dG Ye ``a k f ``Y ``HQCG ``Lj
Q``dG jW Y d IQhe f KH ``bCG Y ``Jj ``e
O``TSG Q``dG J ``J g .dG H O``TSG
?a IMGh Ie f H Qhd
a e MGh jo H jv OTSG GQk ``e Y ``d OY O uMo
e RfEG ``J g .``fd dPh ` m `e ``JHh I``e c
O``TSG Q``dG G``SG hO e L ``dH Qh``dG
?2 bQ OTSG QdG Y GPe ?1 bQ
hO e G``dG Y ``dG HJ dG ``c ``dG O``jEG h``M
.(1-16) ``bdG jO``TSG GQ``dG ``e CG G``SG
g .M ``d ``d I``Y ``dG dG ``e ``dM CG ``S
?gJ CG j

:HdG dG d :HdG dG d
:dG :dG
:bdG :SG 195 :bdG :SG 194
1 IOdG SCG jdG d
VdG dG a IOdG SCG e S Lj Y YRe Y jce f h``Y Lj
H jOdG ``dG aVEG j g .``fOCG ch ,H ``e e c ,``jdG ``S
?L dG AfCG a k Se dG j H ``HJ GH ``Je ``e
dG e AdG jW Y .bCG Y
(T) ``dH I``dG ``jcdG
I``e ``e ``H Qh``dG ``K ``eh
dG GdG ``JG ,a IMGh
dH e GP ec L cd
.jfEG
?dG ae J g

1000 Game .indb 79 2/16/16 10:16 AM

 dGh fdG SdG dG d 80

:HdG dG d :HdG dG d :HdG dG d

:dG :dG :dG
:bdG :SG 198 :bdG :SG 197 :bdG :SG 196
3 YdG FGhdG 2 YdG FGhdG 1 YdG FGhdG
e hR c Ud N fK ``SQ ``J g e hR c Ud N ``N SQ ``J g ``fH ``SQ ``g ``YdG ``FHdG I``FGdG EG
?fdG ``dG FGhdG GhRCG ``H ``e ``f dG ?fdG ``dG FGhdG GhRCG ``H ``e ``f dG Y ``J fdG HdG ``FGhO - O``HCG ``FK
dG ``Y L UdG ``N ``J CG ``H dG ``Y L UdG ``N ``J CG ``H FHc GQ``TEG dG J ``H -``fhdG
.e CG Wj Cs G jh ,dG a AdG .e CG Wj Cs G jh ,dG a AdG ``S ``dG ``WJ GPEG .``NBG ``dEG ``e ``e
a Hhj ,Yd d j CG j dG G``g .RdG jh Ib IQGO g
``j CG ``dEG ``a ``dG ``jh ,``FGhdG ``UJ H e ``f dG e hR c ``UJ ``J ``g
.UdG AGLEG a gMCG e CG WJ hO ``e fdG ``dG ``FGhdG GhRCG
dG a UdG N J CG Y ,``dG
?jOedG

:HdG dG d :HdG dG d
:dG :dG
:bdG :SG 200 :bdG :SG 199
dG SCG HdG IAVEG
Y ``J ``dG ``dG ``dG O``Y ``e dG jQdGh ``KdG ``HdG ``Ju Qo
?dG Lh Y SCG S Vh jW e Md `
m `N Ga M ``fOCG ``VdG
.FHc IFGd dG
J g ,a eh Y ee k
Vh j bdG MdG e CG ``ae
UJ j ``M ddG M``dG a
``jW ``Y ``e ``d ``bdG
?H UdG jQdG

1000 Game .indb 80 2/16/16 10:16 AM

 81 dG d dGh fdG SdG
:HdG
:dG
:bdG :SG
dG SCG
.SCG N d HQCG SCG JJ YCG
``a ,``dG Q``TCG ``e ``fC) ``T ``Y
ke ``H JJ h``a ``d ``fdG ``SdG
dG ``e jdG ``dg .(``dG ``N ``e EG
,dG ``S Y ;Q``TH dG J a j
g fGL IT J f``dG d a bGdG
dCG e c a JGSEG EGh ,dG cM
fCG ``Y ``dG ``dEG ``dG ``Y ``Y ``H ``J
``SdG eGH dch ,``ZCG ``Ye ,I``T
,f``dG ``e dCG ``g ``e ``J ``dG ``dBG
g ``SSCG ``H ``J dG dhdGh ,``eGdGh
edG dBG SdG ILCG EG ,bGdG a .IdG
``jg ``Y IQO``b ``UCG f``dG ``J ``dG
,dG cdG e I``T H ``dG IJ``SCG
``dG ``a ``cdG ``dP ``H ``SdG Q``j ``K
e e Q``eh OQ aCG J dG ddG
.d IaGdG IdG cdG e
1000 Game .indb 81
dG d :HdG dG d
:dG
202 :bdG :SG 201
bCG WdG
v j``Yh MGH MCG dH VdG ``dG dG ``Uh
N u
j ``g .e ``f ``Y ``a ``dG ``WJh ,``k be
?WdG e OY bCG a d dG JJ
dG fdG SdGh aGZdG
jH J aGZdG FdG e c ``u Z :``J ``YCGh ,``dG ``e `
k `T ``N
aGZHW UN ``dG IhY J :A``TCG HQ e .cCG kfcQCG VCGh ,WCG VCG LGh ,jGhdG
``FdG ``gdG ``fEG ; CG IO``e ``fcCG AG``S Lh e) UCG dG e e Z S dG
:QdG j I``c GkQaCG J ``aGZHd a Y LoCG ``SCG e dG Gg ?(``Sg f
.aGZHW Y j SGQO e
,odG ,HdG ,QdGh dG ,QdGh NGdG e
.JQG ah jdG ``SdG ``a ve t ` j ``e ``dGh
(CG) :e FM YGJ dG .aGZdG a j
``a ``a ``e ``aGZdG ``gdG sEG
e ,GdH dG JJ ea ;fdG ``SdG QhdG ``dG e () .QNh ``NGO d ``dG
jdG dh dGh ``dG Ve ``d g j .adG ``e QdG hO ``e QdG dEG ``NGdG ``e
``SdG Jj ,``dG ``S Y ;``H ``JJ ``dG a ,dG dG a dG T sJ eh
CG ``H zI``MGh ``b ``a ``dG{ c GPEG ``fdG .aGZdG a SSCG f a ;QNh NGO d
dG t j ``aGZdG dY Ea ,``eCG M ``a
.iNCG f C f CG e Gv``e GkQ``e g
a;IFGdG M hCG ``VCG RGeh ,HdG ``e
j e ``a ,``U P ``Z G``d ``bdG ``dG
NGdG dG uj dG (torus) j``dG AdG
``Hh .fdG ``SdG JQG g ``aGZdG ``a
,``dG (doughnut) ``fhdG ``c hCG ``fEd
IhY- IFGO Y fdG ``SdG iMG GPEG ,H``e
QGe c e ``Y aj kK j ``ga
``ae ``J ``fEa - I``e ``fGL ``d ``e
,dG Y gJ dG g UdG a ;jdG
.IhY H NBG fH SQ CG e vaGZHW
j aGZdG a .IdG c e ce Jh
j GhY H ``d dG fdG ``SdG EG .K d e w a ;ae B dGh 8 bdG
2/16/16 10:16 AM
 dGh fdG SdG dG d 82

:HdG dG d :HdG dG d
:dG :dG
:bdG :SG 204 :bdG :SG 203
fdG SdG IT f HQCG GP fdG SdG IT
``jW ``Y ``e ``f ``g ``fdG ``SdG I``T EG
J dG c ``fdG ``SdG L GPEG
G``T OY a .``e Gh``Y ``Y ``J ``N
``a I``MGh I``T :``v aGZW ``ae
dGh ,``gOjEG ``J dG ``dG ``fdG ``SdG
,f e YH Je fH Sc
?SCG a VdG HQCG dG HJ
e YH Je a IMGh I``Th
e c ``Je J``Th ,f ``K
G``T Kh ,f ``HQCG ``e ``YH
``N ``e ``YH ``e c ``Je
Ve ``c fdG ``SdG g .``f
.QdG Y
dG ``fdG ``SdG Q``TCG OY ``e
CG dG e dG v aGZHW IjdGh
?f S ?f S e YH HoJ

c ``d EG .``bdG ``Y IO``LdG ``d ``v aGZHW ,``VhdG ``bdG ``a ``VdG ``fdG ``SdG :HdG dG d
:dG
DadGh KdG ``H dG VJ Y Y``S ``YdG Vhh IdG a e O``Y dG e J ``cdGh
:bdG :SG 205
.aGZdG dEG MG edG ``e OY aVEG hCG ,jL ``e ``a
Vhh ``fdG ``SdG e OY ``dGREG hCG ,``fdG ``SdG
H d Y k G YdG Qhj HQh .``MG edG ``a
Qb cCG ``jC IdG d
be YCG dEG J YdG S dG dG bdG dG OdG ``dW ,fdG ``SdG Y OG``YCG e ``e c e J OG``YCG e ``TC ``dG dG ``g EG
.SdG QXE Lh pao bh ,3 ,2 ,1 Ggh ,fdG SdH MGh W e e k jhJ j dG OG``YCG ``fCH ``UdG ``JdG ``Hj CG ``Y
j L cH YdG b ,HG bd k ah ,VGdG e) ``jhdG Y AKCG ``a ke j ``dG
.f K Y
.dG bH Y IOLdG
K OY aQ = OedG ``a ,``fdG ``SdH ``e O``dG ``aW c c GPEG :JBG dG OGdG dEG J ,dG g d LCG e
K OY jhJ = UCG .(OdG Gg jhJ j
dG GQGUEG ``J ``bH ``Ye
IOLdG fdG ``SdG MCG ``J a YdG f GPEG f Sh ,Nh ,HQCGh ,K a dGh ,jT fH
,dG jf ``M bdG g ``NCj fEa ,e ``bH ``Y .(206 dG d fG)
dG ``TCG AH YdG ``j dG bdG H
CG hCG ,``Ke ``K OG``YCG ``S ``e ``Ye ``SG
.IdG Y a a
Y VdG ``fdG ``SdG ``J IOYE ``e A``T
Yh ,hG ``YdG ``H b e ``H ``fdG ``YdG ``j .bdG
M dG ``bdG G``S bH ``Sj IQh``dG
bdG ``Y IOLdG P``dG ``Y IOYEG ``g ``dG
CG J M dG ``J ``Sh .hCG YdG Y
bdG ``fG ,dG LCG ``eh .cdG ``e OY ``bCH
g e OY cCG e dG YdG a FdG eCG ,``bH
e N a OGYCG N V ;eM a He Vh
.bdG
``J eM ``a ``j ``SOdG O``dG) .I``dG ``Y
dGh ``dG dG :``dG g ``d ``f ``dg .(MG edG
GPEG a bdG NDJ b jdG dG a ;aGZdG
,edG YCG a dG dG bdG NCj hCG YdG
eJ
k He OGYCG jW Y fs J dG I``dG fc
bdG bdG bdG ,YCG dEG Y dG Q``TCG ``SQ J H jh
cG jhJ cG
aGZdG dG a eCG ,bdG Y IOLdG Id
dhCG fdG
Hd OGYCG Vh d cM YdG Gg ``u j K
ae IT Y e J GPEG bdG NCj YdG Ea

1000 Game .indb 82 2/16/16 10:16 AM

 83 dG d dGh fdG SdG

:HdG dG d :HdG dG d
e Ye c s Jh , Ye IY ``S e c
:dG :dG
:bdG :SG 207 c a jJ HQCG e ,v aGZW ``He bH :bdG :SG 206
YdG i``MEG ,dG ``S Y ;``e ``Ye
IdG S .61 h 35 h 20 h 1 bdG e fe
g .IdG ``Y RdG e M I``Y ``J LJ k G ``j
iNCG d ``d bdG ``g G``SG jC HdCGh IdG d bH
?T fH SQ d H HQ J Ye jd LJ ``dG bdG c :gh ``e dG
``dG H ``SQ j h``dG e O``Y ``UCG ``e ?ac IY dG GQhCG ;(IdG d) d a J bH Sh HQCG Lj
cJ ?f I``Y ``dG hCG ,RdG e M I``Y
f c JJ rCG Ha ,G kMGh v fH k SQ fc sCG
.hdG ``e O``Y jW ``Y ``c i``NCG ``dH
g ``J CG j ``a ``T fH ``SQ ``fCh
OY bCG jd eY IYb LJ g .e M
?eRdG hdG e

:HdG dG d
:dG
:bdG :SG 208
2 IOdG SCG
?IOdG HQCG SCG JG jJ J g

1000 Game .indb 83 2/16/16 10:16 AM

 dGh fdG SdG dG d 84

``f ``dH ``jJ ``e ``He ``jJ ``dEG ``JcM
.fdG YdG QhO CGj CG b H UdG
.Me ffb cM CG ``g J M dG ``J
j b hCG O``Y hCG U c ``Y f ``YdG ``j
Y ``S a j ,fH He KK ``e bCG ``Y
Heh MGh S a Yd j dG dG EG .bCG
.f CG d j fH e
,OdH dG fG ,fOCG ``VdG ``dG dG a
.f K Y Y c M M
1 YdG 2 YdG
:HdG dG d
:dG
:bdG :SG 209
1 dGh SCG d
M 4 4 ``d ``Md Y k ``S ``Y ``S ``V :``dG
``HQCG ``Y ``FQ ``b ch ,O``Y ch ,``U c ``j
,``dGh ,``dG :``e ``gJG ``dEG ``J ``SCG
.dGh , dGh
H k ``S ``Y ``S ``Vh ``g ``dG ``g :``dG
e cCG hCG KG H ``FQ b hCG , OY hCG ,U CG j
d -Y hj .f JG dEG ``J dG ``SCG
j H ,MdG Y SCG Vh a -d e MGh
dEG ``dG ``j CG H .``f fd e k ``SCG ``Y c
dGh dGh dG) HQCG FdG gJG MCG
c H .(Q``jh jh ``SCGh YCG ``dEG ``HQ hCG ,``dGh
e He CG g c GPEG ``d MdG ``f ``cM
e a Vj ``S Cs G CG H ,``a ``S Vh ``j
ODJ dG ``YdG ``j .YGdG ``S HdG Gg

:HdG dG d
:dG
:bdG :SG 210
2 dGh SCG d
Fe ``H ``SCG ``V , 8 8 ``d ``Md ``a :``dG
ch ,``U c j ``H k ``S ``Sh HQCG ``H ``e
:e JG dEG ``j e c ,``SCG fK Y OY
,b``dG ``dGh ,``dG ,b``dG ``dGh ,``dG
.HdG dGh , dG ,HdG dGh ,dG
CG ``j M ``SCG ``Vh ``g ``dG ``Ve :``dG
dEG ``J dG ``SCG e cCG hCG KG H O``Y hCG ,``U
a (d ``e MGh d) ``Y hj .``f ``JG
e k ``SCG Y c j H ``MdG Y ``SCG ``Vh
``gJG ``MCG ``dEG ``S c ``j CG ``H .``f ``fd
M ``dG ``jh ,``dG G``g ``a e``dG ``fdG
``Y c ``j .``Me ``ffb ``cM CG ``g ``J
``SCG ``N a Vh OY hCG U c Y I``MGh ``f
MCG YdG Ra ,QdG Y VdG dG a .cCa
.NCG Yd f He a H
1 YdG 2 YdG

1000 Game .indb 84 2/16/16 10:16 AM

 85 dG d dGh fdG SdG

(Digraphs) LdG fdG SdG

SdG e dG Gg M d e Z GdG ;vfeg Gve S (H``dG) LdG fdG c ``dG ``g ``edG ``LdG ``fdG ``SdG
.LdG fdG da ;I``MGh I``e IY c ``a ``j ``dG EG CG ``Ue ``dG ``e hR ch ,``JG ``d ``a ``fL
dG ``a j CG ``H jGH ``f dEG O``j ``dG H``e ``ddG ``g ``a ``jh ,``e ``H
e dG G``gh ,eg I``FGO ``j ``c i``NCG ``SdG Ea ,``SCG VJ jCa .(Tournament)

:HdG dG d :HdG dG d
:dG :dG
:bdG :SG 212 :bdG :SG 211
LdG
s SGdG dG LdG SdG dG
H IOLdG GQ``dG e Q``e c ``j ``j ``bdG ``dG ``e ``KG ``H Q``e c
a ``dH ``bdG ``dG ``e ``f c .``H dG ``gh ,MGh ``JG a ``a ``cdH
``dH OdG JG gh ,a MGh JG Q``dG OjEG ``J g ,f``M a Gg k VGh
j g ,``dG a dP GNB k G .OLdG ?c dG dG c a cdH j dG
``SCG ``JG ``e k ``e GQk ``e ``J CG
?L dG dG a QhdH d j

``MdG ``Y ``dG ``SCG ``Vh ``J ``g :HdG dG d

:dG
M jd ``NBG ``S dEG ``S c ``j M
:bdG :SG 213
CG ``Y ``j ,G``b ``J ``H CG ?I``e
.CGH M e J
SCG MQ
Y j bQ c :SCG a SCG bu Qo dG Gg a
hP ``dG ,dG ``S Y ;cJ dG HdG OY
GP a He ``KK J CG Y ``fCG j 3 ``bdG
.JG

1000 Game .indb 85 2/16/16 10:16 AM

 dGh fdG SdG dG d 86

:HdG dG d :HdG dG d
:dG :dG
:bdG :SG 215 :bdG :SG 214
2 eg d 1 eg d
Y ,H``dG dG e edG ``dG g a GFdG ``HoJ IFW I``Y ``N b s K Q``U
Ie WdG ``f ``e f I``Y ``dH Qh``dG IGPH FGY IQH V K ,Q``dG Y dG
GQk ``e ``J CG ``H ,``dH ``dh .``a I``MGh v ``Y ``dG
VdG ``dG ``a Q``d ``N
NGdG I``Y ``dG WdG f ``Hj Gv ``e dH j dG QdG Y QdG j g .fOCG
gJG a a ``dG Y ,f c a .``c ``J ``jW ``Y ``a ,I``MGh I``e ``L ``dG
.SCG gOJ dG ?SCG gJG
MCG Rj ;``d UH dG ``g d ``j j g ,G``FdG Vd FG``Y ``JJ c ``a
,``Nv ``Y ``dG ``W ``Y ``SCG ``YdG dG ``jW Y a QGo` S ``dG G``dG ``J
K ,cdG a J HQ dG gJG Ve k dSes CG ?dG dEG
f Hj ``e Q``e Y NBG YdG hj
bu jh ,1 ``bQ dhCG Qh``dG f ``jh ,``WdG
.QhdG JJ ah gH iNCG dG
SH fS
``f f``M ``a ``V :G``g ``cJ ``Y ``HQ
dG Y ``WdG Oe e ` k `H ``dG WdG Tf
c a eg Q``e aGj d EGh ``M ,``LQdG
32786 Lj ,SCG Vh c Y GkOYGh .Ie
``eg Q``e ``d 27846 ``e ,``k e ``k JJ
k G ``J ``e 190)
``bdGh ,(``eg ``FGhO ``jC
.ec M d d 4940
eg d)`d jH NG RdCG J g Ve
YVdG SCG e edG YdG e (2 bQ
RH
.WN Y
Hhf
.dG JdG e e LJ

fg fS

1 d 2 d 3 d 4 d 5 d

6 d 7 d 8 d 9 d

1000 Game .indb 86 2/16/16 10:16 AM

 87 dG d dGh fdG SdG

(Ramsey Theory) eGQ jf

a H JJ c ah -cJ 32768 H -
.H ae dG bdG dP
QJ ``gh eGd ketJ ``cCG dC` e ``LJ
e c UTCG HQCG e Ye a j M
ie e .``NBG ``j ``e c hCG ``NBd ``jU
sH bh ?Y dG g J CG s H dG JG
SQ GPEG .vjQhV t j kV Y fK CG eGQ
HdG N fsdh ,f 18 e ec k vfH k` SQ
dG H .e fd ke``e Wf H
LJ ``S kM ``fEa ,``dG ``jJ ``c ``Y
(U``TCG) f HQCG HQ ``N e ``v YHQ ` k `T
.f dH fe
UTCG ``N e fe YdG fc GPEG
,NBG ``j e c hCG ``NBd ``jU ``e c
,he Z GR ``e dG a U``TCG OY E` a
.43h ,49 H J HLEG
LQ
k ddG ``dG ``S K eh ,ICGeGh ``LQ (Frank ``eGQ ``fGa sCG ``e ``ZdG ``Y
Y KG g j CG ``J aVEHh ,ICG``eG hCG O``bG ``a I``c e``SEG ``d ``fc Ramsey)
.MGh L e bCG ``cCG IQ``H GkQ``eh ``k dCe c ``fEa ,``dGh
ddG Gg ``YCG aCG EG .VjQ ``dY ``UH
``SdG fGL J g :GD` dG G``g ``dEG hCG
a X M ,YdG jf a c fEG
H ,a ``fd G``SH k fe ``edG ``fdG
GkRfEG Gg t ojh -``SG BG j dG Gg ``a
?ke ``J ``f dG ``e ``fGL ``KK ``LJ
H``dG ``S ``a ``gh 1930 ``Y ``a ``aJ ``Ld
g C` H edG jdG ``H eGQ ``KCG ``bh !jdGh
f S hCG ``N hCG ,HQCG e eCG d ,dC` dG
:ve Gk` eCG `k `a t j ``JdG ``Y Q``X EG
b G``SH d ``jdG ``a H ``H t ` J
eCH ``f GPEG VjdG A``dG dEG ``UdG ``j
d Vf dG) dG dG d .bQhh UUQ
QdG eGQ OGQCG .``SGh f Yh jdG a ``H
(216 dG d -gGdGh ``dG bY ``SH
H ,``UdG ``e O``Y ``bCG ``a ``Ye ``Y
.eGQ RfEG Y j
``FN ``a Q``J ``gUY ``H sCG ``j
Gg M a fdG ``SdG YhQ ie jd U``TCG e OY UCG ,dG ``S Y ;e
(JdG) cGdG OS J ,F``dG e dG ``dG e ``T kFGO J ``H KK ``g
UTCG S H QdG bY e c dG jd j ``HQ ,a ``KG ``g c GPEG . ``f

:HdG dG d
:dG
:bdG :SG 216
e g ?``c e hCG ``M e A``fEG ``Y ``J CG ``b gGdG ``eh dG e ``J dG e ``e
MG Y e J H dG jJ dG ?a
gGdGh dG bY
?L bdG u ` d ,I``dG ``dG ``YdG ``e ``Ye ``d cYe CH hJ DhbUCGh fCG
eEG eR hCG bh CG a - IdG H
fCG
``d ``MCG :``fdG e`
k `e ``dG ``H ``dG
dh .gJ CG hCG dG J CG
DhbUCG jJ ``j dG dG O``Y ``a .``gGd QRCGh
``Y ``H ``a ``e h``M
M - AGG G
gGc - AbQdG G JJ a ZJ fCa ,k e YLG
Ye ``g j ``H A``dG
-NBG MGh c j e KK e
``Ye ``LJ Cs Gh -``gGc ``e
e MGh c ``j e ``KK ``e
.M e -NBG
LG hjj ``e ``HQCG c GPEG
``dG ``a ``K ,``ddG ``e ``d ``a
S K ,e N ``S ddG
.J dG dG a ``S e
fEG CG ?``e ``e ``e g ``g

1000 Game .indb 87 2/16/16 10:16 AM

 dGh fdG SdG dG d 88

:HdG dG d
:dG
:bdG :SG 217
JdG dG
RdCG dCG
d UH hCG ``Y ``H ``ae UH ``dG ``g ``d ``j
.jOa
AdG dG jJ a YdG hj ,Y H J ``eY
MCc ,``fd H ``e MGh H ``bdG dG ``H ``J ``dG
,QhO a fdG ``e jv CG ``j CG Y c ``j .`k `e QRCGh
``Jh ,MGh d e e ``J J dG e dG EG ``M
c j ,jdG H eh .MGh H k e Y Sj M dG
.YHQ T SH NBG YdG IQhe Y
u d ,MGh ``Yd dG ``J ``eY
AdG dG e e OY ``cCG
e ``SQ ``Y ``oJ ``M ``MGh ``H
bdG dG g ``ShDhQ
.dG e a

:HdG dG d
:dG
:bdG :SG 218
QhdG d
dG J N e ``ac jdG AfCG dEG UdG ``j CG ``j
``cM ``a ``dG ``J PEG ;GQ``dG F``d ``SHc
k IOh``dG
YdG Qh``dG (``Md) a hCG GQ``TEG ``a ``J ``H ,Qh``dG
OGR bh ,H ZJ dG dG e J fCG hJ e k FGO dG
``H adG g OY IO``jH dPh ,GAk ``S Q``eCG ``jdG ``S
fG hCG GQhdG e bCG Y MGh e OLh dG fa ,c
jdG g WJ e WJ c a
dG ddG bdG a NBG fdG dEG jdG fGL MCG e QdG
Y s j dG dG OM ,LdG jdGh JdG dEG j
NOG ,G``dCG e d ``d jdG NGO ``J CG ``dG GQ``dG
cCJh ,dG a OdG ah dG Mf e NGh QdG Mf e
g e ``WJ c Y IO``LdG JeYh ``jdG ``a ``JG ``e
.WdG

1000 Game .indb 88 2/16/16 10:16 AM


1000 Game .indb 89 2/16/16 10:17 AM

``TCG GP ``e O``Lh e ``ZdG ``Y
j``e GP iNCG e ``La ,GvL ``H
,HdH acG j fCG LQd dG e dY
Ya ``SGQH dG g H Y oY ``bh
``da ,``dG dG ``Y I``dG ``HdG
OLdGh dGh sdG dG GP dG LLdG
jH n`` uUo ``b fe a ``dhCG ``dG ``YCG
1000 Game .indb 90
FGhdGh dG dG d 90
H dG dG
j``dG G``g ``j ,``f ``H ``MEH j``T gdG `` ` Z `` ` SdG `` ` TCG `` ` J
N Q``e g ?AfG ``dP ``a ,``k e Ak ``fG -dG `` ` SH ahdG -QfCG af
.jGhR hO e d QGSH j Y dG `` ` e h`` ` b H h ,P`` ` NCG `` ` dH
g dG sCG A`` ` dGh `` ` VjdG `` ` eu
dG ``e ``Me ``dG ``H ``J
e fOCG `` ` dG d dG `` ` j dG `` ` dG
eh ,jGH ``f dEG Oj dG :``adG
jL e `` ` dP e fh ,fG `` ` Y dG
``e ``d ``H ``e ``WN ``J i``NCG
.(c f) IQd
``Hh ,``dG ``dGh I``FGdG ``e ``e
.Ke
M fhdG ``dG e J i``NCG ``dG ``TCG jd bQ ``fe j``T K j
.OHCG KK a J J ``Y .dG ``e L ``J ,``e
:HdG dG d
:dG
:bdG :SG 219
dG
Q``dG Y VdG ``fdG ``WdG
IOYEG ``J g ,jP cCG kfK ``J
``d GPEG) ?``e ``M ``a ``J
Gg dEa ,``fe ``f Y a ZJ
.(gP a dG s J CG hM :dG
M ;h``j ``c `
k `S ``d ``dG G``g
,WdG L a j IY W LJ
OD``S a IMGh jW ``g ``dh
dG bH eCG ,``dG dG dEG ``H
dh ae HK TCG dEG ODa
``dhdG ``Y ``S .(``Me)
``MdG ``dh ,`k `jW ``k bh C` dGh
dG J bh Y ``S bdG
``dG ``e A``L c :``J ``dEG .Gk` c
.dG Gg d e Y j
S ,dG `` `S J CG OH
`` `MG `` `Jh .d`` `H `` `dG
gJh ,`` `YL QG`` `d `` `dG `` `H
J L Y JQb YH AbUCG
.AGLCG
2/16/16 10:17 AM
 91 dG d FGhdGh dG

(jP cCj K) ShQHhQhCG

``a (Friedrich August Kekule von Stradonitz) .MhdG jOdG ;L ATCG IMh ,jdG ``jZEGh ``jdG W``SCG ``a
(ShQHhQhCG) e QaCG MSG Y SdG dG a a jP Nj ``fk K (``ShQHhQhCG) c J
M e fdG ,jdG FL W cG eY c LhCG jQja fdCG FdG ddG .jL e dj dP eh ,Ie IQH f jh
.HdG GQP e fhOGS a (``ShQHhQhCG) j ,vFch vae GkeQ UH

:HdG dG d
:dG
:bdG :SG 220
dG T
1 SdG dG
``e IFGO a ``Fe N ``KK ``SoQ
GPEG ,I``FGdG ``e a jh``e ``We ``dEG
``d ``k W ``dG ``SQ ``a j``SG
``KdG ``dG ``SQ ``jW ``a ``VdG
T S g ?JdG dG f a ,dhCG
?dG T dEG bCG

:HdG dG d
:dG
:bdG :SG 221
dG T
2 SdG dG
e IFGO NGO Fe N KK ``SQ ,H``dG dG d a c
d kW dG SQ cCG GPEa ,e IGPH jhe We dEG
?S dG dG a ,dhCG KdG dG e dG

1000 Game .indb 91 2/16/16 10:17 AM

 FGhdGh dG dG d 92

SSCG dG N
od eO `` `j dG UdG `` `e OY bCG e ``d ,I``M hCG ``f hCG ``a nUn hCG ``M ``Fc c
CG j Fja fb CG{ dG fCG sJ jdG d`` `TC Gkc kaNG a ``J CG ``YEd ``dG ``eh ,``Sg ``T
.dG LQd bCG dG /dG fOCG a keJ ``e IO``e ``Sg l ``TCG ``dG
zVjQ L Y j OLh Vj ge k kHJ J e kdZ d ,dG
``fCG ``e ``dG G``g ``Y ``e ``aCG EG
(Paul Dirac) GjO hH HdGh IFGdG :``a ``SSCG Oeh ``FQ JJ
OY Y Q``dG ``f ``M ,``f ``dG ``g
.ddG dGh dGh
(gdG ``Z) dG ``dEG fG ;``eCG e ``c
Sa ;``SdG JdG e b
k GkOY ``J Od jdGh ``edG Y ``e fdG ``Ud hH FdG dG `` `TCG fQe j
.GHEd ddG dG g UdG eO ``a ``u a hCG ,``FdG ``UdG ``e v``f ``U G ktJ cCG `` `TCG jd eO a ,`` `jHCG
L HdG fdGh fZCa ;``SdG sJ `` `dG fCG .I`` `jah I`` `jL `` `FH

:HdG dG d :HdG dG d
:dG :dG
:bdG :SG 223 :bdG :SG 222
2 dG dG 1 dG dG
Jh ,SSCG IFGO e Y L gcGe dG FGhdG e jdG SQ J ,``SSCG IFGO e Y L gcGe J dG FGhdG e jdG ``SQ J
G``SG ``J g ?``S dG dG ``f a ;``SSCG I``FGO ``b ``L ?S dG dG f a ;SSCG f N e L Jh
?dG Gg SQ Y IYd fOCG dG VdG

SSCG f

dG
SSCG IFGO

SSCG IFGO

1000 Game .indb 92 2/16/16 10:17 AM

 93 dG d FGhdGh dG

``cJ ``jdG ``g ``a ``dG A``Y ``d
FGdG ``fEG iCGQ ``a ;FGhdG ``Y ``egG
I``dG ``LdGh ``dG ``jFGO ``NG ``jC
VJ .``dG a ``U M A``dEG e ``J ``dG
``b ``e Q``Y ``c ``a IO``LdG e``SdG
kFGO I``FGda ;``dG dd ``fEG M ``jQdG
.dG Sj dG TCG FGhCG e IMGh J
m e ``T IFGdG ,``SdG i``dG Y
f c oH (``dG s` j) me H ``Soj
,kjh``e j IFGdG ``ce ``J f Y ``a
,I``dG i``NCG ``dG ``e ``jdG ``eh
hCG Ic fc ``e H``e L FGhdG ``J
.f AdG SSCG IQHh fEa ,IU
:HdG dG d
jhdG LCG L :dG
224
:bdG :SG
SdG TCG aCG GdGh FGhdG oJ
``dG dEG eJ ``a ;FfG ``fG ``dEG Gk` f IFGdG jJ
k G .jf f h d jGH f dG eCG ``fdG ?IFGdG a MCG dG GP AGLCG uS
``SQCG Q``b ,``gMh ``dG ``g ``Y GkO``YG
``J CG ``j ``cGdG GQ``e CG (Aristotle)
``SfHc aGh ``k jJ ``Y 2000 ``Hh ,``jFGO
``dh ``dG sCG QOCG ``dG -(Copernicus)
QG``b ``Y -``dG ``dG ``ce ``g ``VQCG
fdCG dG dY M .OfG CG hO e SQCG
(Johannes Kepler) ``c ``fgj ``dG
jdG I``dG H `` sJ ``dG (1571-1630)
``dG jH cGdG GQ``e CG ``cG CG dEG
.a
k

:HdG dG d
:dG
:bdG :SG 225
IOQe
f e ``T jh ,``e N Y M j
j dG Q``dG jJ ``J g .kFGO ``dG
?dG IOQe a dG Gg

1000 Game .indb 93 2/16/16 10:17 AM

 FGhdGh dG dG d 94

dG
H `` ` a `` ` e Z e `` ` T OLh I`` ` a e GdG GQhO `` ` dEG LdG A`` ` dEG e GdG Lj dh `` ` dG Y `` ` JQM `` ` J
dG GdG j c dP eh ,dG GdG J QJ jdG ah ,eCG dEG `` ` dG Y Y ,LddG J QJ jW Y LEG
aGJ dG `` ` cG J bh ,fG LCG e QfG LGdG c .GQhO Qeh Y `` ` dEG dG e dO `` ` aCG ,YGQdG hCG `` ` jHCG h`` ` dG
AdG e fG Y IQdGh OdG d nn ne M OdG J M SdG dG GNG jQJ a Ie hCG `` ` YoNG dG CG Vj `` ` jd
.jdG dEG IgdG e CG ;Ja dEG f G`` ` SG CGH) .e IOaEG cCG GhOCG U `` ` j ,kjJ `` ` S 5000 e jaGdG OH a j`` ` dG
b fhdGh ,kjJ OdG b 4000 Y SdG ,Y HQCG `` ` Y J dhCG cdG `` ` fch
HK dG `` ` X ,dG J M OH
.(kjJ OdG b 2500 Y UCG a oJ dG dG
s e Ie gh
jaGdG O`` ` H Y H MdG Q`` ` dG .e kYf
G`` ` SG Q`` ` fG g IUdG `` ` dGh `` ` dhCG jQdG a Ic `` ` gCG dG QX sb ,eCG dEG `` ` aOh dG e aQ `` ` j GH
.FGdG GQWEG Qd dG BG `` ` fEG SG M ,dG d oj dG J e `` ` dG fdG ch

:HdG dG d
:dG
:bdG :SG 226
dG - HdG - IFGdG Me
OdG ``d jW dG -``VdG G``g Z ``K P A``Yd ``VdG ``SdG
?(96 U fG) ``d (``eh ``Heh I``FGO) ``T ``Y
F``dG ``fG ,A``YdG QGO ``c .FG``dG
J ``M i``NCG ``dEG ``aZ ``e ``MCG
Gg Y Ak ``H .``d c ``a `` keJ ``gGMEG
H bdG ``jJ ``J g ,``VdG
GWCG CG ``k Y ?``dGh ``HdGh I``FGdG
jh``e JYJQGh ``YVCGh ``gQbCG
``g I``FGdG M``e CG :``k FGO ``cJ)
2
``e -``UJ CG ``j ``g ,``jC k G .( ``f

1000 Game .indb 94 2/16/16 10:17 AM

 95 dG d FGhdGh dG

:HdG dG d :HdG dG d
:dG :dG
:bdG :SG 228 :bdG :SG 227
M a bdG J .ke J eY ec IFGO uJ
TCG J GPd b f QGH oa QLa GSH IFGdG ``J
IjdG TCG
?IjdG L dG GAfG J ,Yh ;f IFGdG FGhO e ;jdG FGhdG J RdCG e jdG Lj
``J ``g ?Ij``e ``dG ``ZCG ``J GP``d .?IFGdG g cJ d bdG e J c .He jdG jd AGLCG ``J j M jdG G``fJ
g j``dG ``dG d ``SCG KK ``Y Q``dG .dG TCGh fCG e
dG C{ ``HLEG sCG dG ``e ?e ``T aCG AGLCG I``Y e j a ;``H OCG g I``FGdG ``d
.dG a NDJ zIje

:HdG dG d
:dG
:bdG :SG 229
QdG LMO
``e ``Ye ``Me G``SH ``dG Q``dG ``j ``SdG c
h``j IQdG a ``dG b e sEG .Ke ``N b
a ,ec IMGh IQhO ``dG b QGO GPEa ,G kMGh Gk` e ``dH
?eCG dEG QdG cJ dG adG

1000 Game .indb 95 2/16/16 10:17 AM

 FGhdGh dG dG d 96

3.14159265358979323846264338327950288 : OdG
``de c ``e ``dH ``dP ``jh .3333333 Y gf ,QdG J N gdG GWCG H ``e ``g ``gbh I``FGO ``e ``H ``dG
.4 h 2 ASH ?dG Vh a ;VjdG ``a IPNCG bQCG cCG ``MCG
(Leonhard Euler) ``jhCG OQ``fd ``Vh AY ``e jdG ``S ``dP ``eh ,3 ``bQ ``HdG
:e SCG KK LJ
Y a ``dPh Ie hC ,``dG ``d ``SG ``Mh ah ,OCG ``f jJ LCG e eGdG ``VjdG
k ,O``dG ``gOLa ; O``Lh
J``T Y a k - jdG Uh OdG b 1500 Y
dEG -e
KCG ,1882 ``Y ``ah .(71 ``U ``fG) 1773
``VjdG A``d ``k ac k``S c ,I``dG eCG .(dG a 1 dEG J bO ``f) 3^16 ``dG
fd ``a fjOa ``fdCG ``VjdG ``dY
.dCdG g e ed VjdG ``dY ``SQ a ,O``dG ``b 225 ``Y
O``Y ``g CG (Ferdinand von Lindenmann)
j ``fCG ``H -``f ``Z O``Y CG - m``e L``SG d ``J ``e ``k dZ H``dG ``g Mh ,IFGO (Archimedes) ``SNQCG jZEG
OGYCG ``eeh ``H ``c IQU Y ``Y ``dG Q``N ``jW ``j ``k dM ``M .I``e ``VCG O``e ``e ``T G``SH ``e
CG j H e N Lj fCGh ,U .edG jQJh IjdG SGdG J dG CG Lhh ,kV ``Jh ``S Y j
Y a (rtolem) SH Uhh , 3 10 h 3 1 H
.a Ieh QLH Sj AY ZQ OGR , bQCG e jdG oY c 71 7
a I``e F``e ``Y ``HLEG ``a ``VjdG bO ``f gh ,3^1416 b dEG OdG H 150
fCG ``Y JYb ``a ``a ``J ``gCG .dG VGZCG d
edG ``H bQCG ``S g :OG``YCG ``jf
``dG O``dG ``a ``J ``dh ,``Sg ``f
f ``Lj ``dHh ?`` keJ FG``Y j``dG (pi ad jZEG dG) oJ kdM
``dG I``b ``M ``a ``SdG e``j
fCG ``e vFf GvO``Y ``J dh ,``N ;jdG Q`` ` `dG je dEG jdH ,a oY c
``a ``jC
k G ``FjdG e``jh ,``WdG ``jGH `k `e ;``H ``M ``e ``J ``dG ``dG Y dG a f `` ` `T CG Yj GPa
.edGh AdG H Uh QGJ ``a CG``J 710000 j``dG ``ddG ``e

:HdG dG d
:dG
:bdG :SG 230
dG ``W Ea ,``N W ``Y ``e ``H ``FGhdG
.IFGdG d kjhe kFGO S bdGh IFGdG e
dGh dG H bdG J Y J CG J GPe dG ``W ``S ,N W Y ``ec IQhO I``FGO `s `d
FGhdG ``Y ``f bdG ``J g ?``e I``FGO ``a e jdG ``d J ``fCG J ``K ,I``FGdG ``d kjh``e
?L

dG

IFGdG

1000 Game .indb 96 2/16/16 10:17 AM

 97 dG d FGhdGh dG

IFGdG HJ
dHh ,f Z OY CG fd a fjOa AKCG a Gf fCG ``gd dG eh ,G``j -IFGdG HJ Y t oJ ,``SdG e a
kffb ``Vh K ;I``eh Q``LH ``jJ ``j IOe e ``HJ a ,IFGdG ``HJ h``e I``FGO M``e h``J M``H ``He ``SQ CG
GdhJ ``jdG L VjdG A``Y Y ``aGh a``cG ``e ``jdG ``dEG iOCG ``e ,G k``J ``cCG gCG e -a QLah e Ie GSH
eCG IFGdG HJ sCG :gh ,WMEG H dCdG J .VjdG jdGh VjdG AY hM a ;jdG QdG Fe
.e ``SdG JGQH ``jgL A``edG ``jZEG
VjdG AY N s ``Y dCG e cC
d dh ``dG dC` dG J M GfBG dG
KCG .dCdG g d d M YS hhdGh

:HdG dG d :HdG dG d :HdG dG d

:dG :dG :dG
:bdG :SG 233 :bdG :SG 232 :bdG :SG 231
jgdG HJ HdG a IFGdG GbHCG s pgnCG
J IOYEGh AG``dG jgdG ``J ``J g CG AGO``dG WdG M``e ``e ,``cCG ``jCG (Hippocrates) G``bHCG jZEG ``SdG ``dY
jH ``dP j ?ec k ``k He ``d ``FGLCG ?AGdG WdG Me e AKCG a dC` dG g ``cG (Chios) ``ST e
AGLCG KK dEG jgdG ``H gGMEG e ``FGhO ``fCG ``Vh ``a ,I``FGdG ``HJ ``dhe
.AGLCG HQCG dEG H iNCGh ``g ``c ``jhGdG ``Fb ``e ``fGL ``Y ``NGe
dLEG ``jJ j ``g .fOCG ``dG a ``Ve
?dG rMCG ddG Me

:HdG dG d
:dG
:bdG :SG 234
d dG idG I``FGdG f e AG``dG ``dG EG
SNQCG e
L e ``T NCG JdG JFGdG fCG J
j g ,(dG OM a e``SG jb IGOCG) f ``SoQh ,``gb ``Y ``f ``dEG I``FGO ``ob
? d dG MdG J Ve g c ``dG dP IGPH ``aVEG ``JFGO
,JFGdG rf WJ f e (L) dG SoQ .g
IFGdG ``e ``dEG dG ``Y ``jOY IQ``H ``eGh
.idG

1000 Game .indb 97 2/16/16 10:17 AM

 FGhdGh dG dG d 98

dG OhQdG
H ``f H ``N IOQh ``SQ ``j .(``SQ ``jd ``fdG VjdG ``dY ``W 1809 ``Y dG e ``Ye VJ ,N IOQh ``Sd
``HQCH ``N IOQh ``SQ ``j ``dh ,``UGe ``e O``Y ``bCG ``Y GDk ` S (Louis Poinsot) ``jH UJh ;I``FGO ``e ``Y jh``e a``e ``Y
N ``SQ j M ,``e MGh ``H ``f .``N IOQh ``Sd ``eRdG ``UGdG ``dG GkU GkO``Y EG .``e ``H i``NCH ``f c
.UGe bQdG Y ``dG aQ hO e UGe ``N ``Soj) ``ch ,v``f ``H IOQh ``dEG OD` j ``dG ``e
``S ``dG ``e ``N uCG ``Y Qh``dG hO ``eh ``a .I``H ``dG ``LQO OGORG ``dG O``Y OGR

:HdG dG d
:dG
:bdG :SG 235
N e N IOQh
f IY
ae Y f I``Y N ``SoJ
``UJh ,I``FGO ``e ``Y jh``e
``g ,``e ``H i``NCH ``f c
``g ?``dG O``Y ``jJ ``J
UGe jH dG Gg ``SQ j
hO eh ,bQdG Y ``dG aQ hO ``e
``b ``dG ``e ``N CG ``Y Qh``dG
?SQ S

1000 Game .indb 98 2/16/16 10:17 AM

 99 dG d FGhdGh dG

:HdG dG d
:dG
:bdG :SG 236
zjdG G``SG N e{ ``VjdG AY ``j ``c YdG OY OGR ``c ,``dG a e g c ,``VCG
h ,f IFGdG g IFGdG a dG dG S bCG ``FGdG dG ``T UCG ``J ``dG ``jFGdG
IFGdG Me
e GbG ``f dh ,jfdG dEG UdG j J e JdG dG S sK eh ,dG ``T dEG ?IFGdG Me dEG UdG dOe jJ J c
hdG ``VjdG CG``dG ``SSCG g Gg ,``eEG Q``H YVCG GWCG e T dEG bCG jFGdG YdG ,(2r) eh (r) gb f IFGO ``jd sCG ``J
.edGh VdG SH ?BG IFGdG Me M J g ,( 2) h (r) g RG``e ``a ``JQh ,``jFGO ``Yb ``dEG I``FGdG `` ub

VG RGe

:HdG dG d :HdG dG d :HdG dG d

:dG :dG :dG
:bdG :SG 239 :bdG :SG 238 :bdG :SG 237
dH fe jf Y jf Y GSH J FGhO K
``Y e dG dG ``b dG ``g ``e ``dG fe NGO ,Heh VCG jhe e KK LJ
c a jf b H ,Y ``Y `` kSCGQ jf b e b ``S e dG dG JJ ``J CG ``j dG ``dG tCG ,``Ve ``g c ``FGhO ``e c
jf b ``eJ M ,jL e dEG I``e a ``H ``SGS ``T Y ``fe ``jf ``Y ?j e cCG FGhd dG MdG a J
.bCG Y jNCG ``J g .H``S jf Y ``Vd ``J I``c NGO ``SQ ``j I``FGO ``cCG) ``NGO I``FGO .1
g ,dh ,G``N ``S a dP ``J ``dG ``e ?a GN N a dG g J .JU JFGOh (dG
?a GN K a gJ J Y IMGh jf ``b jJ e IN c ``J .e M cCH He FGhO K .2
``eJ H jL e a Vhh ,m``e ``S .e UCG JFGOh Ic IMGh IFGO .3
jJ AKCG a ,bCG Y jNCG jf b
``jf ``b CG ``jJ R``j ,``jf ``b CG
.H GUG hCG iNCG

1000 Game .indb 99 2/16/16 10:17 AM

 FGhdGh dG dG d 100

:HdG dG d :HdG dG d
:dG :dG
:bdG :SG 241 :bdG :SG 240
dG FGhdG dCe SdGh FGhdG
``Y AG``dG I``FGdG ``SG) ,I``FGO C` H CG``HG ``JJ ``dN ``e ``J ``dG ``dG O``Y ``e
FGhO S VCG K ,(Le f H SdG ?me S Y e H JFGO
``JFGO I``FGO c ``eJ ``dHh ,``e ``M e N g e d `` ` ` SdG CG Y GPEG
CG QJ .AGdG IFGdG dEG ``aVEH ,JjL `` ` ` SdG CGh ,IMGh f `` ` ` a dG `` ` ` j
AGdG FGhdG) ``FGhdG g H e FGhO ``K re `` ` ` d `` ` ` Se g JFGd `` ` ` dG
FGhdG J H ,cCa cCG J (``SdG a dLEG O`` ` ` dG J CG j `` ` ` g .JFGdG
``FGhdG ``J ``dP ``eh ,``UCa ``UCG AG``dG L JdG a JFGd cdG Sd
``FGhdG sCG ``J .``ee AG``dGh AG``dG ?d dG
``a ;``WJ ``fCG ``LQd I``c ``J AG``dG dH ``JFGdG ``fc GPEG ``NG CG ``Lj ``g
?J j f bCG ?H

:HdG dG d
:dG
:bdG :SG 242
(Apollonius)p SfdHCG dCe
aVEG W``SH ``J dG dG dG OY ``e
eJ H ,IOLdG dG FGhdG dEG HGQ IFGO
?HGdG IFGdG e e dG FGhdG
``jZEG Q``dG F``e ``e I``MGh dC` dG ``g
OY bCG ``Y dG Q``SH J ``gh ,``jdG
.me S Y SdG FK FGhdG e e

:HdG dG d
:dG
:bdG :SG 243
FGhdG jJ
j Q``dG Y e``SdG fdG ``FGhdG ``f sEG
AdG ``FGhdG ``jd ``dG ``dG ``Je ``Y
``FGhdG C ;``dH ``d ``bY ``dG .``dG ``Y
.e dCG d dG a jhdG
IQ``H ``FGhdG ``dh ``dG ``SG ``J ``g
?U

1000 Game .indb 100 2/16/16 10:17 AM

 101 dG d FGhdGh dG

:HdG dG d
:dG
:bdG :SG 244
FGhdG We
iNCGh I``FGdG NGO ``gGMEG :``e ``dEG ``dG ``dG ``J IFGd ``j
dG Y ,We HQCG dEG ``dG ``dG ``J We JFGd j .LQN
f a ``e K CG ``J ``We FGhO ``N ``dEG BG ``fG .``fOCG ``VdG
``dG ``J CG WdG ``dG FGhdG d j dG WdG OY O``M .I``MGh
?n gOY FGhd eY IYb g g .dG

IMGh IFGO JFGO FGhO K FGhO HQCG

e We HQCG We K e IY HQCG

:HdG dG d :HdG dG d
:dG :dG
:bdG :SG 246 :bdG :SG 245
2 edG FGhdG IFGO a e
He ``H ``dh ``e G``dCH ``FGhO ``K ,IFGO e Y vFGY YRe f N LJ
``ee dG FGhdG J jH JJ j Hj N ``SQ j ``g ,e f C` H ``Fk e
dG e JFGO ``eJ CG hO eh ,MGh BG ``a dEG IO``dG b ``e IQ``U ``Y i``NCG ``dG
Y e
k UH HdG a ``dG dEG fG) ``f ?jGdG f
``H ``He ``FGhO ``JJ ``J ``g .(``dP H ``SQ j dG dG dG OY e
dG e JFGO ``eJ d GdCG HQCG ``ej ?dG dG
?dP d FGhdG e R OY bCG e ?f

:HdG dG d
:dG
:bdG :SG 247
fdG jdG dG b
16 edG
Y e fe Y I``Y ``S JJ ``J g
?a iNCG ``b K b c ``eJ H ,I``e
Zh m ``e Vh ``a ``tc ``jdG ``dG ``J CG ``j
.NGe

1000 Game .indb 101 2/16/16 10:17 AM

 FGhdGh dG dG d 102

:HdG dG d :HdG dG d
:dG :dG
:bdG :SG 249 :bdG :SG 248
IFGdG bY
c iNCG IFGH HdG jh ,HH IFGO ``J
?H JFGdG Me bY a ;dG a

fCG YN
JdG e `` `fCG a e `` `f GPEG i`` `S GPe
?IQdG a VdG fCG e idG

:HdG dG d :HdG dG d
:dG :dG
:bdG :SG 252 :bdG :SG 250
IadG fdG dG AGdGh dJdG GdG
a bdG ``dG fdG dG JJ Y j dJH Gc HQCGh AGU Gc S J J g
JJ ``a b ``K e ``e c ``J ,``ec he ke AGU Gc K uoJ CG H ,e a
b c J CG ``j dP dh .``H ``a C ; kU d dG Y sdG dG EG ?VCG
dG a ``J K ,fe b K a KH .dH dG Gg uJ AGdG dG GdG
:H ``e cM hCG Y e ``JCj a ,``HGdG
3, 4, 5 dG Y 2 fdG ``dG J CG ``j
.6 dG a J K
cM ``H ec a dG JJ ``J g
?bCG hCG :HdG dG d
:dG
:bdG :SG 251
LMdG FGhdG bQe
b H LMJ `` `He Jc
dEG GO`` `Jh GQh`` `J `` `H ,`` `jRGe
,iNCG a IMGh f dG Vh
M c GPEG `` `j CG `` `dd j `` `g
?iNCG M V gGMEG

1000 Game .indb 102 2/16/16 10:17 AM

 103 dG d FGhdGh dG

:HdG dG d :HdG dG d
:dG :dG
:bdG :SG 254 :bdG :SG 253
WdG FGhdG edG FGhdG
IMh gb AGO``dG IdG IFGdG M f K a ``ee FGhO K LJ
h``e ``H ``J ``gh ,I``MGh .AGOS FGhO g edG f J
a Ve ``g ``c ``HHh ``VCG e dG ``fOCG ``dG jJ ``j ``g
.dG ``dG a e``SdG HdG FGhdG O``Y
FGhdG Q``bCG jJ ``J ``g ?ee f J AfE dG
?WdG dG

:HdG dG d :HdG dG d
:dG :dG
:bdG :SG 256 :bdG :SG 255
IgR IQU Y e FGhO fCG e S
f dG f d dG FGhdG e OY SQ Y OJhCG N Y fdG FGhdG fCG Vh J g
dG ``J ,I``MGh f ``e L ``J ``H e CG Wj ``H ,``SCG a AGO``dG dG P
jJ J g .(rosette) IgR g Y T k e W c ``Y Jh g j CGh ,``FGhdG ``fCG
e e I``gR g ``Y ``T e ,``cCG ``jCG fCG jRH ``j fCH kY ?I``FGO f c ``aW
e CG ,I``MGh IMh ``e c b ``f ``FGhO CG QH oj h ,OJhCG N fL c Y FGhdG
VdG ``SdG ?2 h``j ``gb ``f I``FGO .Jh CG a JFGO f
.Yj b fOCG

1000 Game .indb 103 2/16/16 10:17 AM

 FGhdGh dG dG d 104

:HdG dG d :HdG dG d
:dG :dG
:bdG :SG 258 :bdG :SG 257
VG e f

fjfEG e YJQG SSG

ShhQ H UGdG dG e
f J e IFGO
JYG WJ fh G
CG G kgL hjh ,``dG He f a Le j :dG FdG H Y j HCG dG
LMe Ic g ``Y IH GUG ``j JYJQG `` `SSCG fh ,YVCG e f
hm ``e gh ,Gke 20 dG VY CG Y GPEa .f J dG dG dG e fh ,dG
.IdG g d L dG JYCG WJ fh dG ShDhQ H
d GvL IH dG jf hJ Le dEG ``dH .IMGh IFGO e Y J
?S fCG dP j a ,SdG bdG a dEG ?dG dG e dG Gg e c j g

:HdG dG d
:dG
:bdG :SG 259
fHj e a QcJ d
e ``f ``dG Q``dG ``Mf ``dG ``e xc ``a
jH ``e dEG ``e ``d ,``He ``JFGH
cCG dG e Jf e c NGO a ``SoQ e
.YVCG J H ,e IFGO
``Yd Q``bCG G``WCG ``e ``fQe ``j ``g
?iNCG e cCG YdG iMEG gh ?FGhdG

:HdG dG d
:dG
:bdG :SG 260
We FGhO K
``gQJhCH FG``Y ``H ``We ``FGhO ``K ``Uop h
.IMGh f a cdG KdG QJhCG a :cdG
dG FGhdG M Y ``dG H dP ``S g
?gOLh bGeh

1000 Game .indb 104 2/16/16 10:17 AM

 105 dG d FGhdGh dG

:HdG dG d
:dG
:bdG :SG 261
IFdG Se
,Ve g c vFG``Y e H FGhO K YuRho
dd ch ,``FGhdG M ``SdG e GhRCG ``SoQ ``K
``Sd dG WdG f bh M ;ge f
.e N Y
?kFGO J CG aOe Oe g g

:HdG dG d :HdG dG d
:dG :dG
:bdG :SG 263 :bdG :SG 262
QdGh NGdG e LMdG fdG dG b b
c GPEGh ,FGhdG e V ``dG JQG c GPEG e ``f ``dG ``a ``ee ``He ``JFGO H IFGO T Y fe Y b ``S Vh
dG GQhdG OY a ,YJQG V ``dG VY e iNCGh ``dG NGO e IFGO ,fOCG ``dG ZQ GPE` a ,YCG ``dEG ``e c ``a (IQ``dG) sEG
?gQe M IFGO c H eb Y dG dG a JFGdG c LMoO .QdG c a d ``j dh ,(Hc) dEG kL ``b ``a
f dEG i``NCG Ie JOY ``M ``dG e ``W ,MGh bh a a ``e b ``N f CG cM
.jGdG g JH L ``dG dG b b j ``a
eRdG GdG O``Y eh ?IQe IQH I``YdG
?dd

1000 Game .indb 105 2/16/16 10:17 AM


e M a GdG d IXdG dG
dG dG ``da ;``H UCG fCG ``KCG J c ``ae dhj Vf `` kSfCG ``Sh
?dG ``Z dG ``g :GD` dG ``dh ,``ahe
e ,dG dG ``e aCG g e J CG ``j
Y HLEd J aCG .eZ Y HLEG dGR
.dP U Y dO Lj dh , g GDdG Gg
Oe OY Ae ``a J MCG ``e LJ
He -e ``UC e Oh``M a FGhdG ``e
dd he w M Lj BG M -e k ``jFGO hCG
J ,GvL ``H dG OhM J eY M
b OY ``Y dEG ``UdG J ``dG ``dG ``aCG
;GvL e M``e a dG ``FGhdG e Gv` L
IFGO a FGhO J M CG K ,dG ``S Y
dG cCGh ,``a FGhO ``Y dEG j ``e
OGYCGh ,``g Ve ``FGhO ``Y dEG ``Uh ``FGhd
``FGhdG Q``bCG ``g ``e c QG``H ``dEG Q``dG
.jJ dG IMdG FGhO dH LQdG
:HdG dG d
:dG
:bdG :SG 265
``f) ``MCG ``HdG ``NGO ``a AG``dG ``dG
IFGO a IFGO IY KG Ae h``j ``HdG ``V ``dEG I``FGO CG ``b ``f
IMGh NGO ``FGhdG ``NGH ``j ``fCH ``k Y , (0.148204 ``LCG ``eAd m ` dhe ``Y ``FGhdG A``e dC` e
IFGO ``a ``He I``FGO I``Y ``KG A``e ``j .HdG .``e ``M hCG ``e ``a IO``dG O``HCG GP
``FGhO ``b ``e I``e 4^02 h``j ``gb I``MGh
``ac ``dG ``dG ``cCG ``g ``g .``dG
``T J CG ``J g .IFGO I``Y KG A``d
?g ddGAdG
1000 Game .indb 106
FGhdGh dG dG d 106
FGhdG Ae
``jdG ``edG ``H ``Yb ``a ``S
G``d dG ``a g ,``jOU ``a ``fe G``c
ddG Me dEG IO``dG dhj dH U` k `TCG
``Te KCG ``d a ``dhj ``e ``H ,``NGH ``dG
Ajah edG ``jf e ,IQ``e e ``a
Y FGhc - ``e A``TCG Ae .``dG ``ddG
gCG e ``jo ZQa e ``a Gc hCG m ``e ``S
.VjdG a FdG
`` keJ C` J jh``e ``M GP G``c
.``dG ``dG a FGhdG dch ZQa ``e
T ``dG - ``dG ``T Ud H``e J
``Ya ``e ``J ``aCG ``jo ``dG -``SGS
Ij``dG HU e ZdG ``Yh ,He ``FGhd
e ``Z ``LC dG EG Q``XE ; n``u fo ``a
.ac cCG j CG j
:HdG dG d
:dG
:bdG :SG 264
HdG NGO dG FGhdG Ae
``FGhdG ``Y .``fOCG ``VdG ``dG ``dG ``M h``M
2/16/16 10:17 AM
 107 dG d FGhdGh dG

``T ``HCG j HQ IdG hCG hdG ``dG
h cQCG ``d ``a ; j CG ``fEd ``j ``U
e oH ``Y J IdG ``S Y ``f c .G``M
``dGh ,``Y i``NCG ``f CG ``d kjh``e ``cdG
``adCdG ``TCG ``cCG ``e ``MGh ``g ``jC
``S ib dEG J ``cGdGh ``dG .``dG ``a
a .kjJ jhc ``TCG NCJh ,HPL H ``HK
sCG FdG GQGdG a AdG OGhQ ij ,``dG
.Ie Gc YH J He FGS sCG
GdG
``dG ``aGZJdG ``jdG ``Vh ``a ,(``edG) d ``H jW LdG fU NG ``d
``J G``dG ``e CG ``v bH ``eh
k ``j ;Ijeh GvL Yf LLdG JGc d Ie
Gb J H ,dG e Y dG jhc GcJh ,fG``SCG O``Y ``b ``Y ``LdG Gh``a
``J ``eY .O``dG ``Y ``J I``U ``c
``J FHdG idG C ;``dG ``jhc FG``dG
k G h``dG ``de G``c ``d ``J ``fEa ``LdG G``b
dEG J Fda ;dG f FdG OGdG
CG CJh ,I``dG e LQdG AG``LCG e ``NGdG ``SCG ``dEG G``dG ``J ``bdG Qh``Hh ,``k jJ
J CG OHh ,dG ce e dH ae We .Ijeh U d OJh ,OdG
.vjhc T
k NCJ fEa ;e T cCG dEG IdG ``T Y g I``d ``dG ``dG CG ``eh

:HdG dG d :HdG dG d
:dG :dG
:bdG :SG 267 :bdG :SG 266
IQGhdG IFGdG jdG dG b
e Y IU IFGO Qh``J 1 IQGhdG fdG
KK ``gb Ic I``FGO AG``dG ``fdG ``dG ``b Qh``J
I``FGdG ``b ``VCG HdG ``dG jdG dG G``M ``Y
O``Y ``c .I``dG bdG ah ,fOCG VdG ``dG a c
gQhS dG GQhdG AGdG jdG ``dG a OJ ``dG
Od IdG IFGdG dG GQhdG O``Y e .jGH f ``dEG
?jGH f dEG dG IQdG a LdG JG eh ?rJQGO
?AGdG dG Y

:HdG dG d
:dG
:bdG :SG 268
2 IQGhdG fdG jdG dG b
Y ``dG a VdG dG Y L dEG kL Ke sfe ``Y ``Voh
,cS dG fdG dG AHEG e .QdG Mf
e jdG adG a i``dG fdG dG QuhO
e HdG ``fdG dEG ``J M ``HdG ``dG
J dG dG Y ``LdG JG ``S g .dG
? SCG CG dG CG QdG JH gjhJ

1000 Game .indb 107 2/16/16 10:17 AM


c -LdG jce e T a ICdG GdG
e se se ``T Y J -c dd ``UJ
.e Ae cCG e j e kLh Y KG
GdG dEG dH dG `` ` `T IAc SJ
GdG dEG `` ` `dH eCG ,G`` ` `dH C`` ` `S dG
dG IAc a ,m`` ` `e `` ` `S Y IOLdG
`` ` `SGdG `` ` `dG IAc H %78,54 HdG
a ,OHCG KK Me a GdG eCG .%90,69
dG IAc Jh ,%52,36 dG dG IAc
dG dG IAc J H ,%60,46 SGdG
.%70,04 LdG jce
1000 Game .indb 108
FGhdGh dG dG d 108
GdG J
dG dG ``SH jdG g J -``dG (Johannes ``c fgj ``dG dY ``MCG
``dG -``SGdG dG eCG -LdG ``jce ``bh ,``cGdG GQ``e ``SGQO ``a IQ``K Kepler)
k G ``a -``SGdG
eEG ,dG ``a jW d jC g CG c Lhh ,GdG Ae e jC k G H
,be IQ``H J CG ``eEGh ,``UUe ``J CG ``dG :m``e ``S Y GdG Jd ``jW
Y gL ``a ``j ``NCG ``da ``dP ``eh .(dG T Ub hCG) ``SGdG ``dGh HdG
.LdG jce dG dG ``H ``e ``M A``d ``dG ``jg ``L ``j
.IOe
``cCG ``jo ``JdG CG ``ae ``W i``MEG
CH Gd ``e sfCG tH J dG a ``ac ``dG -HdG dG ``N e ``dG
``S dG ``dG a , kMe kZGa Cd `` sSJ ``a G``dG C` J `k `e ,``jW ``dh -``HdG
e e ``T a dG G``dG ?dP ``H G``dG a GdG J H vaCGh vjOY Je ``W
``a ``dG G``dG ``H ,``s e u` Jo CG ``dG H IMGh W ``a GdG Ae j hCG ,``H
``dh ,``SGS GQ``e u` Jo ``SGdG ``dG dG a Gc HQCG H bGdG GdG a ``VJ
:HdG dG d :HdG dG d
:dG :dG
:bdG :SG 270 :bdG :SG 269
edG GdG UGbCG Ae
j Ic a Vh j dG HdG GdG OY e gh ,UGbCH m `` `e `` `S Ad jW LJ
?IdG GdG e CG b VCG KK gb dG dEG UdG J g .SCG a Ve
dG `` `dG `` `d dG M`` `d jdG
dG SGS dG Y dEG dH UGbCH
?dG e dG h
J
dG (e) SGS
J
dG (He) e
2/16/16 10:17 AM
 109 dG d FGhdGh dG

(Cycloids) jjhO e
dG SGQ SH ahdG I``dG sdG dG a ;F``SG FN d J CG j ``e .dG ``a HK ``f ``LJ ,``dG ``a
k `TCG ``SJ (Spirograph)
``d ``ge ` Y HK ``f ``SJ dG dG dG ``S vN GkQe J CG IQS NGO HK d j
.IQhdG dG e b OHh d M jjhO ke s` j ``e N a QhJ IFGO ``e Y f CGh ,``jdG ``Y IQ``dG Y``SCG ``c
``a ``jhdG ``dG ``j .(cycloid) ``jv jhO Mh ,``dG ``M VQCG Q``e ``J ``S ``L
dG J HdG iNCG dG ``ShdG Jh ,``jdG ``fY ``a I``Y ``ceCG UdG JGQe d fdG QO Ieh ``dG
(involute) jdG dGh (spiral) ``ddG gh ,``jhO e H ``fGL ``Y ``fdG
.dG dG Gg a
nj eY Ohe N W Sj dG dG) ``FdG ``Y ``bO ``jQhO ``e ``J BG
.(dM kae c IH Y CG Y IhY ,bQdG OdG YW a e``dG SJ e ``L Y HK f CG cM

:HdG dG d :HdG dG d :HdG dG d

:dG :dG :dG
:bdG :SG 273 :bdG :SG 272 :bdG :SG 271
dG jdG dG U ddG dG MQ :IQGhdG IFGdG
``jf ``b ``jJ ``j ``g f QWh ,ddG dG GFdG iMEG QOZ J jhO e
``e ``U ``jd ``a I``MGh gQ``e dsM K ,Gke c (50) a``d ``dG IFGdG Y f ``e JdG t``dG Hypocycloid)
Y j e c ,jdG ``dG .iNCG e c (100) ad dG f QWh I``FGO Qh``J :(i``NCG I``FGO ``NGO ``MJ ``dG
?jf b N dG Y I``FdG J ``c ,MdG J ``jf ``a IFGdG b V gb HK I``FGO NGO IU
?ddG AGdG dG ``S dG Q``dG e ,IdG
?a IMGh IQhO IdG IFGdG J eY

:HdG dG d
:dG
:bdG :SG 274
?dG dG g JJG dG QdG tJ J g
IQGhs dG dG
.IQGhdG dG NGO f
Y dh ,jjM S b Y QdG Y QhJ
.IQGhdG dG e Y f J I``T Y ``d J ,``dG ``Y Q``dG A``H
.IQGhdG d LQdG IdG Y f .dG e (f Y) edG e SCG

1000 Game .indb 109 2/16/16 10:17 AM

 FGhdGh dG dG d 110

:HdG dG d :HdG dG d
:dG :dG
:bdG :SG 276 :bdG :SG 275
(Reuleuxs djQ e IdG J
triangle) ``e b HQCG H `` uob IdG ``g sCG ``J
bCG ``jJ ``J g ,IdG ``N e ``L ``J
.dG He HK QWEG NGO Qhj bH ``e e
?IdG H ob dG dG e OY
,dG jhJ ``Y e JdG ``dG Gg ``jdh
Y J ``ShDhQ ``VCG h``e e ``SH CG``HG
c j ``jFGO ``SGbCG KK ``SQG K ,He ``e
``SdG j H ,dG ``ShDhQ e ``SCGH e
e .d ``ddG ``SCGdG ``gce I``FGO e GkA``L
,1875 ``Y a ``cG ke ``j ``eeCG ``S
dG ddG ``SH) djQ H ``dP H u``S bh :HdG dG d :HdG dG d
:dG :dG
h``j ``JG c ``a ``dG ``VY EG ;(``cG
.VCG he e VCG e V W :bdG :SG 278 :bdG :SG 277
Ve g c HdG NGO Qhj NCG dG sCG J (hdG) ddG :GdG SGS JJ d
dG S dG QdG QJ ``J g .g HQCG jh ,``V fG``SCG fCG M ``M ``j ddG UdG d
?IY ec GQhO N e AbQdG 12 dWh QeCG 4 fCG e .``s e g c ``d SCG e MCG UdG f dG g e dG
?dG W e J CG J g .Gke AdG ``a AGdG ``dH IOdG ``dG ``dEG
a IMGh UGbCG dJ CG j dP dh ,dG
a VdG) ZQdG fdG ``MCG dG Ie c
hCG ,dG ``S Y ;(dG AH FGhc ``dG
NCG UdG ``jH fJ e ``cM
i``MEG ``a ``YCG ``dEG QRCG ``UdG hCG ``SCG ``dEG
j ,``dhCG cdG ``a .``ZQdG ``dG
WdG iMEG dEG AGdG UGbCG e CG jJ
V UGbCG ``g H dG G``dG C ;A``dG
UHh ,QhdH AGdG UGbCd j h ,GvL
bh CG a a e cM EG LJ IYb
.bhCG e
CG dh ,e 3^3 hCG ,``e 0^33 hCG ,``e 0^03 :``JCj
:HdG dG d ``N e bCG a ``dG Gg ``JEG ``J ``g
:dG
?dG g e :bdG :SG 279 ?cM

x
IjdG VQCG
AG``SG ``N ``J ``K ,``de I``c ``VQCG CG ``J
.bH eh VQCG M e GM IGPH
``S K ,je a``d WCGh GdG Gg a GPEG
i``e ``e ,``dM I``FGO ``d I``dG ``S ``Y G k``H
JQG ie e ,iNCG IQHh ?dP e JdG NGdG
e IMGh S HLEG ?a GdG S j dG

1000 Game .indb 110 2/16/16 10:17 AM

 111 dG d FGhdGh dG

:HdG dG d :HdG dG d
:dG :dG
:bdG :SG 281 :bdG :SG 280
IdG M IdG S Me
f dG fh JQG d heh Ich fG``SCG H bQ GQL GP fG``SCG NGO Ic ``Voh
? eM H HJ bY dg a ,dG a c d jh``e gbh fG``SCG g JQG j
CG IdG :``cCG ``S M``e ``dG CG .IdG
?fGSCG
:HdG dG d
jhdG dG J MdG :dG
? jhdG ``dG ``J M``dG ``M ``J g :bdG :SG 282
g fCG ``dG IFGdG H ``dG W bY ``e
?dG

:HdG dG d
:dG
:bdG :SG 283
jdG hU
?hdG e dG g g
jH mMEH e ``dG ``e kbhU e j
iNCG GdG b e mMEH ``K Ic ch ,gP I``c
NGH dG GdG Ea hdG aQ GPEG CG ;J dG
.J d
hO e hdG e LGNEG j ``dG GdG OY ``e
? NGH dG GdG H NEG

Y c Of s Jo CG G W jCG e j
UH bh G RQ .He gP FGhO g
,k UCG hdG CG Y c hU
g Y NGdG JUk j fC
,hdG e G H NCH G YQSh
Y hdG Hh fc c OdG UQ OYCGh
dP H ,g id JU k j CG hO e dM
OdG UQ OYCGh ,G H hdG eCG NCG
CG hO e dM Y hdG Hh ,fc c
AQGRdG FQ NCG dP Hh ,g Y JU k j
CG hO e dM Y hdG Hh G H
...g k j
u Y JU

1000 Game .indb 111 2/16/16 10:17 AM

 FGhdGh dG dG d 112

HdG VdG GP dG
Ud hm ``e dG W sCG gh :IMGh ``UN eh ,IFGdG e H``fG HdG VdG GP ``VdG ``d ``dG ``dG ``dG s` oJ
oj ,``d ``HdG ``VdG ``W ``a ``V H uM ``dEG Ke ``H H ;``jGhR d i``NoCG VdG sn jo ) HdG VdG GP dG f
(Minkowskis ``ae ``ge ``SH ``dP dG H , keJ e Z NBG ``H sCG EG ``Se CG ``H ``jOdG a``dG ``fCH ``d
``N ``e ``L IQ``H ``dP ``jh ,theorem) VCG ``e O``a O``Y P ``e ``s e CG E` a tCG Qh``j sCG ``j (``d ``eh ``jRGe
V ``UM h``j dG IFGdG ``e ``U d ,HK VY GP e d ``T jJ j HK jRGe ``N H HK ``VY P ``e
.IFGdG b a a ``J HdG ``VdG GP ``L ``dG dG ``H CG e ``ZdG Y .``He ``NGO hCG

:HdG dG d :HdG dG d
:dG :dG
:bdG :SG 286 :bdG :SG 284
s dG dG SCG dG
dG ``SJ dG GQ``dG ``Uh ``J ``g a e GQe HQCG Y He Gc HQCG WCG
?fOCG dG a VdG IQGhdG sdG Y dG - dG :JBG GQdG e CG .MGh bh
c UNh ``d adCe Z ``TCG g J ``b jf dEG Jc J S - FGdG T CG FGdG -
Y gQuhOh iodG QdG e TCG bs .gjhJ e ?SCG jH QdG
.dCdG J Y dP Yj a ,e N e
FGO
jhO

IFGO

e :HdG dG d
:dG
j g .fOCG IQcdG dG dG `` `SQOG :bdG :SG 285
e CGh ,I`` `FGdG e Qh`` `j `` `S e CG jJ

He
?bdG dG e Qhj S HK VY GP e
H dG Ea ,jRGe b H IFGO QhJ `` `eY
b QGO GPEG ,iNCG Mf eh ,g c S dG
dEG cj `` `S fEa jRGe b H bf
IFGdG bdG dG .edG JQhO N Je SCG dEGh YCG
dG SGS e

djQ e

1000 Game .indb 112 2/16/16 10:17 AM

 113 dG d FGhdGh dG

(onic Sections and Sprals) fhdGh WhdG dG

``b Q``e ``j - ``ga ``e ``ae A``e Q``J hCG ``a A``d ``jd ``e ``SGQdG ``g ``J ``S jJ N e fJ dG ``dG
gh ,dP AGQh ``dG Jf SEG ``cG .ae dG dEG ``dH M ``e Ggh ,``dG h``dG dG ``SG Y ``j Whe ``T Y m ``e
``LCG Q``e a KDj VQCG HPdG ``S CG (Johanes ``c ``fgj ``Y ``YG .``WhdG a e SGQO Ve J fc dGh WhdG
Q``dG c e Hk .MQ Q``e e f c ``a ``Y (Isaac Newton) ``Jf ``SEGh Kepler) bdG d ddG ``TCG .jdG ``fdG
MQ a e L ``Sj dG dG Ea ,k``e ``J GQ``e ``Ud ``WhdG ``dG ``SGQO Q``e ``fc ``adG ``dGh I``FGdG ``dGh
fEa bdG QhHh ,QG``SH e N g GW .A``dG ``a jh``dG G``LCG hCG ``LCG ``cM jNBG ``SdG AYh ``SbE dGh aG
dEG j ``d edG ``SCGdG Q``dG e j jH GdG ``Mh fdGh cGdG ``J CG d Gh``j d ``d ,jQdG ``dG ``J ``a
- dh ,``ac Y``H e ``L b GPEa ,``k e bh IFGR bh bf b g Y ``jM
``Sg aJ F``Sh dH ``fa ,eG``SG
WSH oj YU b dEG dH dG g c FdGh LCG Y f A``dG jh ,ae
.a gd Ie
H ,e jH QdG j ``a -hQU ,VQCG I``dG Lh Y GW MQ ``a IO``LdG
dP e ` k `Hh ,(``YdG ``dG) ``dG ``j a .ae b ``dH AGdG a IdG Q``e t ` a TCG g VjdG AY ``SQj e IOY
.VQCG M QGe a Qhj hQU hCG ``S hCG c - he c t ` j ,``bGdG MCG e c a d ,a d IFdG jY

:HdG dG d :HdG dG d
:dG :dG
:bdG :SG 288 :bdG :SG 287
WhdG TCG Sg OZCGh dG
(Apollonius) ``SfdHCG ``ffdG ``MdG ``c ``e ``HQCG s ``SG ,``cd h``j ``fEG ``M
225 Y ,(Conics) WhdG TCG Hc a e e S ;gOZCG e aS HQdG
WhdG ``dG ``J ``j fCG ,O``dG ``b dGh ,IFGO f g Y fdG dGh , keJ
e .IY ``e ``TCG dEG ``jFGdG I``YdG P HGdG ``dGh ,dG dG g NCj ``ddG
hdG ``b e ``S dG ``dG ``TCG .fhM ``T eGhO ``e OHCG ``KK ` k `T ``NCj
SdG a c 4 dEG 1 e bQCG J dG dH ?g e ,dG g a e CN Lj
?adG VdG

1000 Game .indb 113 2/16/16 10:17 AM

 FGhdGh dG dG d 114

:HdG dG d :HdG dG d
:dG :dG
:bdG :SG 290 :bdG :SG 289
:IQGhO IFGO ?(Ellips) bdG gEG jCG
ba jhO e ``Se IQH fOCG ``dG a VdG LdG j
``b ``HQ ``dH i``dG I``FGdG ``b ``f ``j ``gEG ``Y ``j ``c .``bf ``gEG ``jDhQ ``dEG
``Y Qh``J i``dG I``FGdG EG ``M .i``dG I``FGdG j rCG hO e dhdG Y SL AKCG a bf
AGdG ``dG Ea ,QdG ``e idG I``FGdG ``W ?SdG RL hCG Je hCG UH hCG b
?dG Gg ``T J ``J g .ke ``SS
IQH ``SQ j ,dH ``SQ dEG ``LM ``LJ
.jJ

:HdG dG d
:dG
:bdG :SG
291
bQdG W N e bf gEG
e jFGO bQh e ``bdG gEG A``fEG j c
?NBG AT CG hCG dG GSG hO

:HdG dG d
:dG
:bdG :SG 292
dG jH hOQdG dhW
``jdG hOQ``dG ``dhW ``JQDH i``MEG ``a I``c ``LJ
g .a LJ i``NCG IQDdG ah ,``dG a ``VdG
ZdG Y dG ``a J H IdG ``V dG ``e
?H FY OLh e

1000 Game .indb 114 2/16/16 10:17 AM

 
1000 Game .indb 115 2/16/16 10:19 AM
 dGh TCG dG d 116

:HdG dG d :HdG dG d
:dG :dG
:bdG :SG 294 :bdG :SG 293
Heh e e e dG dG
?GPdh ?dG e CG .bdc d dG TCG g MCG

d dG dGh `` ` HdG e YH `` ` Fk e
L dEG k L dG V ,`` ` f dG W k L
e J j g .He e jd
c ?IY dEG VCG N e CGj YVCG OY
c jd dEG J dG HdGh dG OY
?eo

:HdG dG d
:dG
:bdG :SG 295
jdG dG SG
?iNCG HQCG TCG Y e TCG g CG

:HdG dG d
:dG
:bdG :SG 296
s e- se
?g e .MCG dG e a Oe OY Lj

1000 Game .indb 116 2/16/16 10:19 AM

 117 dG d s dGh TCG

:HdG dG d
:dG
:bdG :SG 297
,dG AG``M ``e b HQCG ``LJ P``dG G``g ``a
VdG ``dG A``fE ``e VhCG ``HQCG ``e ``d
Kh TCG
Y HQCG W``SH ``dG ``dG ``s oJh ,``dG ``d ``J Yd ``dBG ``fOCG P``dG ``Vj
e j ,dP Y e k UH .Oe e e d .``dG aO N e dPh ,Ye ``VY ``b GP
Q``j Y Lj ,IFGdG ``Sh ``a QRCG ``dH ``VY
OGj ``d VY ``Wd ``J ``S P``dG
``dG g e Ca ,PdG Gg ``N e gDh``fEG
?DhfEG j jCGh ?dBG g GSH DhfEG j

:HdG dG d :HdG dG d
:dG :dG
:bdG :SG 299 :bdG :SG 298
e ``j ``N ``a ``N ``e ``e ``fOCG ``HdG
a ``dG eCG .IMh 25 M``e Jh ,IMh 20
dG hJ MdG (Euler) jhCG U
Me Jh ,IMh 18 e j ,HQCG a N e dG a VdG VCG IOe WQdG SQOG
ihj eh He Y QdG ``J g .IMh 20 Gg ``e WG ``K ,AGO``dG ``dG s ` Y ``K ,``fOCG
?MdGh dG a OY JdG dEG VCG K ,dG VCG OY O``dG
.WdG
f OdG g JdG ``S g ?FdG OdG a
i``eh ``Th M Y dG H e C
?J

1000 Game .indb 117 2/16/16 10:19 AM

 dGh TCG dG d 118

:HdG dG d :HdG dG d
:dG :dG
:bdG :SG 301 :bdG :SG 300
M KH VCG jhe IU e fK LJ
g NGJh ,(GMh 1, 2, 3 YVCG GWCG) e
NGe e Weo s e
N V W j M ,cCG e e v FL dG a ,IMGh IMh ``s LQdG IFGdG b f ``j
dG M``e ,cCG jCG jJ ``J g .GMh LQOoCGh ,VCG h``e e QOoCG ,IFGdG ``g
AbQdG ``dG M``e CG dG ``dG e AG``dG Ks ,``He QOCG I``FGdG ``g ``NGOh ,I``FGO ``NGH
?IdG dG e QOCG I``FGdG ``g NGO K ,I``FGO ``NGH ``LQOCG
a .Ggh ,IFGO NGH LQOCG Ks ,``SN e
dG dG dG VCG OY OGOS IN c
,dG ``jf a ,IFGdG ``M ``Sh ,Q``j
``S dG dG dG bJ CG ``J g
?IFGdG Y

:HdG dG d
:dG
:bdG :SG 302
dG d Me
We jT fOCG VdG dG Md a Lj
:HdG dG d
:dG
``J g .dG AGM ``HQCG OJhCG ``M ``j
:bdG :SG 303 j``dH IQ``dG ``dG M``e ``M
?Sb Y uCG AGLEG hO e WdG
a - NGdG a SGS T
QdG
gh ,I`` ` FGH j e `` ` SGS `` ` T
GPEa .e NBG SGS H J IFGdG
hJ NGdG SGdG dG Me fc
SGdG dG Me a ,Hs e GMh 3
?LQdG

1000 Game .indb 118 2/16/16 10:19 AM

 119 dG d s dGh TCG

:HdG dG d
:dG
:bdG :SG 304
dG tY
``YdG ``g ``Y ``dG h``e ``Z A``Z ``Vho
dG O``Y ``c ,g``J ``e ``Y Ak ``H .``dG ``e
?IOLdG

:HdG dG d
:dG
:bdG :SG 306
IQGhO e
``MCG ``Heh QRCG ``e ``Vho ``f I``FGdG ``a
OQh ``SGS ``eh ``NCG ``SN ``eh
HQCG FGhdG CG ``J) .IFGdG jhJ ``Jh ;``dG
g .(I``MGh I``FGO bGdG ``a ``g ``fOCG ``VdG
?IFGdG g GQhO Y GJ S e QJ J
QOCGh ,Q``dG e Y ``UG ,HLEG ``e ``d
ce ``a Gk U ``k K ``YG .``a ``HQCG ``TCG
.UUQ b SCGQ M gQhu Oh dG
:HdG dG d
:dG
:bdG :SG 305
G``dCG ``e I``e ``TCG A``fEG ``g ``dP ``e ``dG
s e t c .``L dEG ``k L WH ``HQCG L ``jW ``Y (Polygo) s dG d
e ``e ``J ,b hP ``fu co ``dG ``dG ``e GQOEGh G``HEG ``Y ``J ``d ``J ``s dG ``d
e e ``d ``f ;``e ``J ``dG ``HQCG ``WdG gh :H s e HQCG e dG IdG ``TCG
e ``d ``f ``Kh ,``He ``d ``fh ``dG .s ` SGdGh s ` SdG s dGh ``Hs dGh ``s dG
.SGS e d f HQCGh ,SN hCG Ao ``H ``SSCG ``TCG g ``J ``N e ``j
.IjdG dG e Yu eh Ic Ye jJ
.dG YCG M dG YdG Rj ,jdG a
MCG - ``e GdCH e ``HQCG ``a ``WH t c
jdGh HQCG V ,jOa IQH dG g J dh
``e ``fe ``d ``a -QRCGh ``NCGh ``UCGh
.jhGR c a GdCG HJ e dG a WH
.j GdCG ``g e fd Y c Q``j ,``T

1000 Game .indb 119 2/16/16 10:19 AM

 dGh TCG dG d 120

IjdG dCe
hjO IeCG Y jdG dG iMEG ihJ dG gCG Y dG jZEG Aeb Y ``FGHG ``dG ``e ``e ``u oe CG sEG
e H dEG sa dG ,(Tyre) jJ I``eCG ,(Dido) e c Ea bGdG a ,IQdG MdG jd ``Y ``j ``dGh M``dG ``ge sCG ``j
gh ,jaEG T MGS e MS Y IOLe ``a ``dG ``f ``S ,``cGQOEGh ``a ``dG
(M SdG) jZEG dG e e (meter)
fc VQCG ``e GvL I``U b I``eCG ``oe ``e CG``j CG ``b ``dG ``adG ``VQCG A``fCG
jZEG e Gkc EG ``M ;(measure around) gh :ad ``SSCG dG ``a a ``edG
.VQCG ``e QK ``L ``j CG ``j ``d jh``e ``SCG ``jd ``fch ,Q``dG ``a ``j G``fc Y ``J ``jhM ``e ``dG F``dG ``s c sCG
VQCG ``b hjO I``eCG `` sb ``FOg ``YCH
c dP H ,``SdG GY Y ``Wd ``LdG .jhdG J T
j``T g Y L dEG kL Lh FG``T dEG
Sb j IjL CG Me CG if CG dG e ``j ``jdG ``jMdG ``g G``d ``WCG
G``SH - dP Hh ,MGh e HGb ``dW ``j
da ;dM dG a dG bdG GSH Ige jH da ;dGh MdG eCG Y
jdG gQfCG s e -OhdG MCG UH WdG
IjdG ``T sCG W``H j b jdG M``dG a dG ``dEG gJh ,ddG ``e jdG ``J
QH Ic I``FGO f g ``Y IOh``e IQH
.dH Y g e H cCG A``TCG h``j fCG
``e M``e ``H ``jdG ``Hh ,``dG eh ,dG Ic IjdG c e H
k e Z
``dH dGh M``dG jJ GvL ``dG e
e kH``S fc dG ``VQCG e ``fk Ga 25 ``HGb JGQY b j VGQCG e c a dP
dG e dh ,dG jOdGh SdG dEG
TCG hjO `` sSCG dG g a .QK ``L j ``M jW ``Y ``dh ``VGQCG ``e ``SGH UNh i``NCG ``TCG dEG ``dH ``jdG Gv` L
.gGbCGh LWb e .Me .e fGL a dG TCG

:HdG dG d :HdG dG d
:dG :dG
:bdG :SG 308 :bdG :SG 307
VCG YHQ dG dG e e
S Y FGY IQH Vh f ``H CGHG a VdG ``dG ``Y ``L ``dG ``jhGR ``u Jo
AfE e f HQCG UJ k FGO j g .m ``e ``oJ dG NGO dG dG CG M .``dG
? VCG YHQ e T dG Gg e ``j a ,VCG h``e k e
?jGhR n u Ko e c a VCG hdG

1000 Game .indb 120 2/16/16 10:19 AM

 121 dG d s dGh TCG

:HdG dG d
:dG
:bdG :SG 309
OJhCG Mdh YdG
YdG OJhCG ``Md Y IO``LdG AbQdG O``JhCG ``J
c GdG e ``H e ``H NGO YJ dG
dEG J ``YdG e I``MGh c fc GPE` a ,``MdG ``a
YJ d MdG e IMGh He IMh h``J M``e
?dG NGO YdG j dG YdG OY a ,NGO

:HdG dG d
:dG
:bdG :SG 310
?dG OY c
?dG OY c .1
?dG OY c .2
?HdGh dG OY c .3
?HdG OY c .4
?dG OY c .5
?HdGh dG OY c .6
?dG SGdG TCG OY c .7
?HdG OY c .8
?HdG OY c .9

1000 Game .indb 121 2/16/16 10:19 AM

 dGh TCG dG d 122

:HdG dG d :HdG dG d
:dG :dG
:bdG :SG 312 :bdG :SG 311
VCG YHQ TCG a e dG SGS
t gMCG - dG dG e KG r e Me
e .``f dG d - VCG h``e e NBGh
VCG YHdG ``dG Gg dG dG ``j
?o dG jg Me H dG
k `T J CG ``j ``g .``e ``dEG
EG) ``v YHQ `
H ``J jh (VCG HQCG e e ``e
?e KK dEG e

:HdG dG d :HdG dG d
:dG :dG
:bdG :SG 314 :bdG :SG 313
s eo TT ?dG OY c
,adG jhGR a Yo ,dG GMCG He Md a TT dG GP ``dG O``Y ``e
H j CG j dG jhGdG e .``dG a VdG dG Y QdG J dG dG
?QGdG e e e cCG TdG J d MdG ?dG Gg a Y

:HdG dG d
:dG
:bdG :SG 315
GdCH GM t c jo CG ``j ?fGdG d I``jL jhdG GdCG e Md k Y J e UbCG S Ho
a ``fGM Q``j CG ``jh ,``c ``HQCG ``dG ``e e ``S CG EG .e ``fGM ``S J ,``dG ``a
UbCG AH
.MGh b GSH ,OM ``H ``Sd Hb Z GdCG g
UbCG ``S AH j g ,dG ``Y KG G``dCG

1000 Game .indb 122 2/16/16 10:19 AM

 123 dG d s dGh TCG

:HdG dG d :HdG dG d
:dG :dG
:bdG :SG 318 :bdG :SG 316
1 WdG dG Hs e HQCG
e ShDhQ e SQ J dG dG OY e ,``oJ CG ``a ``Hs e ``HQCG ``dG ``g ``a c
?e ce VCG d j H ,YS J dG dG g gOLh Y dG ``MdG ``ddG
.HdG g fGL VCG e
dG g e SQ ``J ,dG ``S Y
dG ``a eCG ,``SdG ``dG ah ``HdG ``a ``HdG ``jJ IO``YEG ``J ``g ,``ddG G``g ``e
VdG dG ``Y e ``SQ a ``SGdG ?HQCG
.fOCG dG a

:HdG dG d
:dG
:HdG dG d :bdG :SG 317
:dG
:bdG :SG 319 dG SGS Pf
HQCG dG e L dG IdG PdG ``J
2 WdG dG
ASH dG SGdG dG oJ dG fdG IY
``ShDhQ ``e ``SQ ``J ``dG ``dG O``Y ``e SGdG PdG g e Pf CG .U MGh Pf
c``e VCG d j ``H ,``fdG ``dG ?dG PdG g IdG
?e

1000 Game .indb 123 2/16/16 10:19 AM

 dGh TCG dG d 124

:HdG dG d :HdG dG d
:dG :dG
:bdG :SG 322 :bdG :SG 320
``e ``T ``e ``cCG ``j ``fCG ``g ``e ``f t c
f dG d fCG a dG ``TCG .``TCG
e TCG jhe e
fCG ``j ``Y ``VdG ``TCd ``f ``LdGh ;fCG ``a ``TCG ANEG ``j ``MCG ``e ``c ``a dGh HdGh I``FGdG -``L HQCG ``TCG
e TCG e ``T c u He ``J a ,gQ``jh t J t j .a QhO jd j dG SCG MCG Ggh ``JQ .``dG ``a jh``e -``SdG ``dGh
?d SdG dG ``SdG ILCG ``a dG cdG ``fCG MCG dG cCG e GAk H) v dRJ MdG dEG dH TCG
fCG S fOCG ``dG a .``dG a Jh a dBG H``dGhCG dG ``J CG j (UCG dEG
k Y KGh
.T .HLEG dEG Ud cGdG dG hCG

:HdG dG d :HdG dG d
:dG :dG
:bdG :SG 323 :bdG :SG 321
VCG RGe b
t jhe Me
``gDhGLEG ``j ``dG ``dG ``dG
s O``Y ``e dGh ``HdGh IFGdG -``L ``HQCG ``TCG
?e dEG Gg VCG RGe jd g Ju Q .MdG a jhe - SdG dGh
e GAk H) v dRJ e W dEG ``dH ``TCG
.(bCG dEG WCG

1000 Game .indb 124 2/16/16 10:19 AM

 125 dG d s dGh TCG

:HdG dG d
:dG
:bdG :SG 324
.MdG a jhdG IdG dG e KG .15 ``a jh``e ``VCG ``S ``jd ``dG ``SGdG
.(dG
dG Y dG
.dG Ic VCG jRGe e HQCG .16
gd h``J b ,Q``dG Mf ``VdG ``dG ``a
.dG Se VCG jRGe e HQCG .17 .e Zh jc He SGS s e .6 fG d ,a dG J dG HdG e dhCG
Zh dG ``Se He ``SGS ``s e .7 XdGh ``fG ``LhCG ``J ``S ,iNCG Ie ``dEG
.e ``bQdG G``FdGh ``dGh ``dGh ``HdG -
.e Zh jU He SGS s e .8 a MVh
k ``cCG UN ``LJ bGdG ``a ,``dG ``gZh
.e Z fK s e .9 e HQCG ``e W``H j dG Ga ;``dG G``g
Ic b``dG jh``e jhGdG ``Fb ``e ``HQCG .10 ,HdG NGO YVe Ic M GP VCG jhe
V jhGdG Fb e fCG H) jGhR ``e jhGR ``a e c ``ShDhQ ``e ``MGh `l `SCGQ ``jh
.(dG a jhe Fb .HdG
`` `dh jhGdG Fb e HQCG .11 ,fOCG LQdG TCG Y QdG g dG Gg e dG
`` `Seh b`` `dG jh`` `e ``TCG Vj k J ``eb a ,``SCG QeCG ``dh
.dG hCG UUQ ``b G``SG dEG J b ,``Y ``J ``dG
g ``dG ``cCG ``fdG ``dG .12 j ``M ,Y ``J dG ``TCG ``jd ``L ``b
jh``e ``dh ,``jhGdG ``FdG :Y QdG dEG
.bdG ``dG ``VCG jh``dG I``dG ``HQCG ``dDdG .1
`` `jhGdG `` `Fb `` `e `` `fK .13 .HdG e He c a dG oJ
jhe dh ,dG `` `Se .f dG d d Hs e HQCG .2
.bdG .dG Se VCG jhe e HQCG .3
UCG fdG dG ``Y YG .14 .dG IU VCG jhe e fK .4
jh``e ``dh ``jhGdG ``FdG ``dG) ``e ``SGS ``s e ``fCG ``HQCG .5
.bdG

:HdG dG d
:dG
:bdG :SG 325
?s dG OY c
``SdGa IQs ` e ``s e ``S ``J CG ``J ``g
?QdG Y dG dG a QdG

1000 Game .indb 125 2/16/16 10:19 AM

 dGh TCG dG d 126

HdG
jHCG ``a v e GQk hO ``HdG OD` jh ,``dG ``dP ``a cCGh ,Gk XJh W``H cCG YHdG ``dG g HdG
:e ,jdG ``dCG A``fEG ``a ``dG ch ,``js dG d .Fb tc jGhRh ,jhe L fGa ;c k
heh L :HdG fEG{ d``dG ``dCGh ,(go) ``fG ``dh ,f``dG ``d dG Sg NGO HdG j PEG ;YON W``H
zdG eh VCG a HdG ``SCG c .ehdG dCGh -jOa dCG- jf dEG SQZa ge a ,Uj jv a k Y
jdG fdG dch ,IdG jdG cdG cJ s
dG SbEG Sg a ,edG d jjCG
.(Lewis Carroll) hhQc jd ``T Y jeCG ``ShCG dG No bh ,jdG Ib G``N ``HQCG hCG ``K ``g ,A``dG A``f
Hda ;``MGh e e c ``V W ``He M``e .H ``dG ``edG ``HdG t ` j ``M ,``a ``a
.dM e e c u a H OdG ``e jdG GQ``H a HdG Y ``Yo ``d

:HdG dG d
:dG
:bdG :SG 326
NGO Hs e KK
dG dG
``N ``dEG I``U ``Hs e ``KK ``u bo
g .``dG a ``VdG ``dG ``Y AG``LCG
jd AG``LCG ``g JJ IO``YEG ``J
?dG c e

:HdG dG d :HdG dG d
:dG :dG
:bdG :SG 328 :bdG :SG 327
eo He TCG J
dG ``dG ``g Y ``k Hs e ``SJ CG ``J ``g ``e c ``d ``dEG ``J ``dG Q``bCG O``Y ``e
``HdG ``VCG ``J ``H ,``H ``S ``gOHCG ``Y MCG P e h Y``J eh Y``S e
GMh ``e U
k GkO``Y ``u j ``W GP ``SdG J ``S dG dG OY ch ?e dEG k V
Y jdG HdG ``ShDhQ J CG j ?``dG g ?dG g e MGh c e
.dG N WJ

1000 Game .indb 126 2/16/16 10:19 AM

 127 dG d s dGh TCG

:HdG dG d
:dG
:bdG :SG 329
VCG ae e
G``WCG GhP FG``dG ``e ``Ye ``HQCG ``JCj ``a
YdG :JBG dG Y a FG``dG WCGh ,e
``YdG h ,3, 5, 7 ,``fdG ``YdG h 3, 4, 6 ``dhCG
``LJ ``g .3 , 5, 9 ``HGdG ``YdG h 4 , 5 , 9 ``ddG
n Uu ho GPEG ``k e ``oJ CG j FG``dG ``e ``Ye
?H a FGdG ShDhQ

:HdG dG d
:dG
:bdG :SG 330
dG Ve
``Y ``HQCG ``Lj ``dG ``Ve ``a
k
jdG ``Lj .``dG ``a jk h``e ``FM
bGJ dG IQGhs ` dG eCG (G``ec) e
VdG MU Zjh ,c e GQdG
j H VdG Gg J IOYEG ``a
dGWCGh VdG GQ``d dLEG OdG
e He ``UH c bGoJ H ,``g ``c
a .a IMGh IQGhO(GeH) QG``L c
?dG Gg j dG dG

1000 Game .indb 127 2/16/16 10:19 AM

 dGh TCG dG d 128

:HdG dG d :HdG dG d
:dG :dG
:bdG :SG 332 :bdG :SG 331
dG J U He
dG Gg ShDhQ e ``SCGQ c Hj ``e N Lj HJ dG a He Uh HQCG e k He `p `HG
f .``SCGd HdG dG Y dG f i``MEH ``HQCG ``jGhdG ``e ``jhGR c ``Y ``H ``H
b K dEG dG J f g d dG Y QOb ``dG Gg ,``dG a VdG dG Y
H ``dG g ``oJ) .dG ``a jh``e .v Sg k e dh dG WSH dG
Giovanni) ``S ``faL ``dEG ``f ,``S ,HdG Gg dEG aVEG j dG UdG OY e
``TY ``djEG ``VjQ ``dY ``gh ,(Ceva dG e ,k U HdG d ,f dG d dGh
``g ``J .(1734 ``dEG 1648 ``Y ``e ``dG ``dG ``Y ``UdG ``aVEG ``j ``fCG
,We ``S dEG dG KdG ``dG e Uh c UJ jh ,HdG ``S e ``f
u M``e Jh
k Ye e ``e c ?a dH
``e 1/21 O``dG ``Ye ``e
``j ``a ,``dG M``dG
c M``e ``f dEG ``UdG
?dG WdG e e

:HdG dG d
:dG
:bdG :SG 333
dG d Y dG
K UJ jW Y k e k e Y MCG jJ j
k Y ,KK `` a KK OHCG GP OJhCG `` Md Y `` f
hCG b hCG `` jhJ H `` j dG `` e `` e Cs G sC` `H
.dG g e NBG e uC MGREG
OjEG J g ,dG g e I`` Y `` dG Vj
?Y OdG dG

:HdG dG d
:dG
:bdG :SG 334
dG ``SQOG ,dC` dG g `u `M ``d ?dG ``H
e c ``a f Y Q``dG ``J g .Q``dG ``Mf
d fOCG dG
dG dG ShDhQ Hh H dG adG J H a ``a ZJh ,``MGh m ``e ``S ``Y i``b ``K ``J
?j e bCG J bCH ``J CG Y H ``Hd dG ``e ``Ye
dG c jd eY jW OjEG j a ,``e

1000 Game .indb 128 2/16/16 10:19 AM

 129 dG d s dGh TCG

:HdG dG d :HdG dG d
:dG :dG
:bdG :SG 337 :bdG :SG 335
jdG dG Ve bGe (Napoleon) Hf jf
c bGe j ,``dG jZ jdG d Ve K ,fOCG ``VdG dG ``Y QRCG ``dH ``k e ``SQG
N e dLEG VdG Me e He UH e V c ``Y VCG jh``e e ``KK `p `HEG
AG``dG ``dG ``J IQGhs O ``eCG G``ec ``S e f eh dP H ,dG Gg VCG
dG jJ ``J g .VdG ``jGhR a ``s eh g G kjL ``k e ``fCG IjdG dG ``J
?``f dH d eRdG G``edG e ``fOCG ``S ``g .``VCG h``e ``NBG
?Vh j jCGh H d ``j GPe ?Ie c ``a G``g
g ``J ?``NGdG ``e ``dG
;g ``dG ``Hf ``dEG ``jdG
.VjdG IGg MCG

:HdG
:dG
:bdG :SG 338
dG bGe
dG ``J ``ce ``eCG G``ec ``N `r `n u Ko
GedG J ,Q``dG MCG jGhR a AG``dG
``VQCG M``e ``NGO ``Hs e ``UH s c ``dG
,a G``ec ``K Vh ``j ``jCG .``dG
?f MdG GedG g J H
dG d
:HdG dG d
:dG
:bdG :SG 336
dG ShCG
ShDhQ e SCGQ H J e b g dG Sh
j .``SCGd HdG d dG ``f e ``dG
SG ,dG dG ShCG a WJ dG dG Y
g ``J ``M ,(centroid) ``d ``dG ``f
.2 : 1 H Sh s c dG
a ;dG K ce dH dG e f t ` n Jo
.fk RGe dG gY j dG dG
H QdGh dG ShDhQ MCG e dG dG EG
``SCGd HdG dG V ``S dG ``ShCG MCG
?dG g a ,e H

1000 Game .indb 129 2/16/16 10:19 AM


``dEG ``dH ``dG ``g ``c - ``dG ``SCG
Ye -iNCG dG Z dG sdG .e N dEG YdG sdG ``Jh ,e
SdG dG :gh ,a FQ ``TCG KK e
.VCG hdG dGh ,HdGh ,dG
AdG dEG AedG dG bGe f eY
dGh HdG - ``dG f GsL ,`k `d
iNCG TCG a -iNCG ``TCGh ``dGh
VaG .``HQdGh ``TMdG :``e ;`k `J ``cCG
``N ``e ``g ``Vh p ``TCG ``g sCG A``edG
dG a VjdG A``Y ij .QeCG uLJ m ` L
a H I``c Ye g ``fc GPEG ``fs CG ``jdG
``g CG``J ``a ,FG``dG ``dG ``e ``jdG
.fCGh TC GQTEG QXEH kM YdG
1000 Game .indb 130
dGh TCG dG d 130
dG
dEG ``Hs dG ``J ``j PEG ;``KH ``VCG O``Y ``TCG gh) dG L ``dG ``e
``dG t ` Jo (``e ``H ``e ``gOhM
``VCG O``Y ``e ``bCG ``SCGQ CG ``e Q``bCG O``Y N ``e ``e ``jJ ``j PEG ,``a ``HCG
``d ``NGdG ``jGhdG ``e ``jh ,``KH Q``dGh ``SdG h``M ``bh ,(!``dP h``M)
,180 a 2 e kMhe ``VCG OY V n``UM ``dP ``T (buckminster fuller) ``da ``H
.(12-2) 180 EG ``dG ``dG ``MdG ``dG ``g ``dG CG ``a
``a h``a ,``dP ``J ``d GPEG) ``jJ ``j
FL ``Ye ``g ``dG ``dG EG
.(idG QdG e s``e ``dG e HfCG aO
YV EG ``M ;``dG ``Ye ``e ``UN
HUh dG Isb e Gkc SdG ``j
``g) ,``L ``gjGhR ``dch ,jh``e ``L
dG e xH j a jQhV d FdG sJ ``e IO``Yh ;``dG ``TCG ``a ``fLQa
,(a e IMGh ``UN J fC ;``dGh ,dG e b hCG AGLCG e ``dG VQGdG
A``H ``a v` SSCG ``k cQ ``dG ``dG t ` n Jo h ``e ``s e c ``J -``bGdG ``a- ``j ``d
``TCG s` J dG ``dG ``dG ``dG ``JdG ``dG O``Y sEG .``e ``dEG ``s dG
IO ue TCG LhCG t n Jo bGdG a .SCG IOe ``e ``bCG ,``J hCG ``e ``dEG ``s dG ``J ``e
:HdG dG d :HdG dG d
:dG :dG
:bdG :SG 340 :bdG :SG 339
e IQU Y e fHdG dG dCe
``dG ``a ``dG IQ``dG ``Y Q``dG ``J ``g 1844
fdG ``dG ``e ``fe IQ``dG ``a ?``g ``VdG .``dG a VdG dG Y Hs e ``N n Ju Qo
.fOCG VdG jhe NCG HdG Me sCG KEG ``J g
?NCG dG Md
2/16/16 10:19 AM
 131 dG d s dGh TCG

:HdG dG d
:dG
:bdG :SG 341
fs e LR Iaf
dG :IadG ``g a ``dG e f HQCG ``LJ
dGh ,``SdG dGh ,YHdG ``dGh ,``KdG
?HQCG dG g Y QdG J g .SGdG

:HdG dG d
:dG
:bdG :SG 342
dG SJ
dG Y ``dG e dGb ``KK u bo ,``M ``a
``M .``Ye ``Y ``u bo h ,``fOCG ``VdG
``H ,``dG ``e AG``dG ``dG ``Y ``Ye
.AG``dG ``dG ``Y ``fdG ``YdG ``M
fh ,Gs ` e K cdG ``e 1 ``bQ ``dG ``u bo
u bo jC
k Gh ,``LQO 60 e c jGhR ``S dP ``e
e YCG dEG J f e Gs e K 2 bQ dG
iNCG Ie .``cdG f
S Y a dG J
.``LQO 60 ``e c ``jGhR
e ``u bo 3 ``bQ ``dG
``f 2 ``dG ``f
:HdG dG d
dP e fh ,Ge ``HQCG
:dG 45 ``e c ``jGhR ``fK
:bdG :SG 343 c ``S ``g .``LQO
dG

M Y YdG
dG dG ?c c e jhe
,ec a ``dG dG ``e I``Y ``J
OLh Y j``T ,e c u QNG ``jh
``JdG O u``J CG ``j ``g .``ba ``T
?V dG dGREG a j dG dG

dG

1000 Game .indb 131 2/16/16 10:19 AM

 dGh TCG dG d 132

:HdG dG d
:dG
:bdG :SG 344
e e H ``YHdG ``dG e QhH ``j
.f dG
YHdG TCG d
YdG Qj ,YHQ TCG jJ dG g e dG
Z We uCG ``Y ``YHdG ``dG ``j CG ``j
a `` dG dG WdG A`` e Y Hhjh ,`` e `` fk d
.fe
IjL fe `` e c .ghQNG `` dG GdCH `` dG
k
.Ke YHdG dG j CG j o
s J .`` f dH jJ `` S e `` eJ CG j
``T e GAk L j CG dG ``e e ``d ``j IMGh f ;`` VCG YHQ `` T s j eY `` dG
.a MGh YHQ dG H VCG YHQ dG OhM NGO e d
.L dG s oJ eY dG J :JBG dG Y hdG H sJ CG jh ,fd Y
Vd e ``Z d J Q``dG Y dG ``dG dG u J dG dG f e cCG j CG j
dG YGb dG YdG ``e ``dG ``f dG e YHdG
.s T

1000 Game .indb 132 2/16/16 10:19 AM

 133 dG d s dGh TCG

:HdG dG d :HdG dG d
:dG :dG
:bdG :SG 346 :bdG :SG 345
YHdG dG T VCG YHQ T Y Hs e
e CG .FG``dG e Ye HQCG fOCG ``dG Vj e`` `SdG HdG e GkOY `` `fOCG `` `dG Vj
?YHQ e d HQ j YdG g J .`` `VCG YHQ `` `MCG `` `dG `` `VCG Y
sEG ,HdG fGdG `` `Y HdG cGe UJ
,LQO 90 jhGH Wj a d dG jg
T t c ODj g .dG a jh`` `e jCk G d
dG `` `dEG -`` `T Y dG H - `` `YHQ
?f

:HdG dG d
:dG
:bdG :SG 348 :HdG dG d
:dG
FdG TCG :bdG :SG 347
dG TCG eAe `` J g dG HdG
e MdG NGO `` Vhh IdG
a ``J ``f ``HQCG G``Y ``e ``HdG ``MCG ``NG
?H NGJ hM hO
``VCG ``a ``a ``Lh ``dG ``dG ``ceCG
Vh ``J IOYEG ``J g .``HdG ``e ``HQCG
?HdG Gg

1000 Game .indb 133 2/16/16 10:19 AM

 dGh TCG dG d 134

:HdG dG d
:dG VCG YHQ TCG jJ
:bdG :SG 349
YHQ T :(square) HG
SN e NGO He jhe VCG HQCG hP VCG
Fe IQ``H Vj CG ``j He cCG ``e .FGb jGhR HQCGh dG a
g ?dG ``SdG ``dG NGO
``cCG ``g ``g ``VdG ``HdG
NGO ``Vh j ``He T :(rectangle) G
?s dG Gg V c VCG YHQ
,dG a jhe He
.FGb jGhR HQCG ah

:(Rhombus) SdG G
V c VCG YHQ T
.jRGeh jhe He

VCG RGe
YHQ T :(prallelogram)
He V c VCG
.jRGe

jhGdG Fb e T
:HdG dG d :(right-angle trapezoid)
:dG
:bdG :SG 350 fL hP VCG YHQ T
.Fb jhGRh jRGe
ee J d
he e T
``fCGh dCG e jdG a dG GdCG OJhCG ``LJ
isosceles) bdG
K ``ae ``e ``L ``J ``e ``k dZ .``dG YHQ T :(trapezoid
MdG a .Hs e NGO Hs e eh Hs e a Je He V hP VCG
.f T Y dG hCG OJhCG u eo ,g VdG jhe Vh jRGe
IQH i`` `NCG `` `Md `` `JJ `` `j .IYdG Y Fe
ae `` `g Y ,e k - `` `e
G G T
.f OdG J e - e scalene) VCG
gDh``fEG j dG HdG O``Y c YHQ T :(trapezoid
UJ ``N ``e ``dPh ,``M CG ``e .jRGe fL hP VCG
Q``dG MdG Y H O``JhCG ``HQCG
dEG HdG g J :J ?dEG
:(deltoid) dGdG YHQ
.aCG YGb LhR a VCG YHQ T
jhG IQhG VCG e
.dG a

1000 Game .indb 134 2/16/16 10:19 AM

 135 dG d s dGh TCG

:HdG dG d
:dG
:bdG :SG 351
dG d Y e
He IMh ``jo OJhCG HQCG H U ``He c c GPEG
e s e c ``b ``e IQdG M``dG ``a ,I``MGh
?16 dEG 1 e bdG OJhCG Md s e

:HdG dG d
:dG
:bdG :SG 352
fdG bQ Hs e
bQ ``T OGeG ``Y Y Q``dG ``J dG dG ``dG ``HdG O``Y ``e
J ``dG I``dG ``dGh ``HQCG ``HdG ``e CG``HG dC` dG ``g ``d ?f``dG
HdG GMh ``e jdG e J ce iNCG ``He g d .f``dG ``bQ
?Y QdG J g .IdG

1000 Game .indb 135 2/16/16 10:19 AM

 dGh TCG dG d 136

:HdG dG d :HdG dG d
:dG :dG
:bdG :SG 355 :bdG :SG 353
- dG IFGdG ce - e IFGdH dG Hs dG
cdG a He Hs e N Ju Qo ,fOCG VdG dG a
ce e c Y Q``dG c ``cG j ``g HdG g jGhR eJ H ,IFGO M jXJ IQH
YVC edGh dG NGO e``SdG IFGdG k G IFGdG ej He ch ,H
.jC
k Gh ,``KdG
dG dH dG I``FGdG ce jC e V W hj gb f IFGO jd
?KdG ShDhQ N e J dG HdG OY ,HdG e He CG VCG
?Ke IQH Jd J

:HdG dG d
HdG J :dG
``d k e u Lh ,g VdG fdG ``TCG J :bdG :SG 354
.Ke He J
:HdG
J ``Y Lf ``L ``g ``dG R``dCG :``J
dG d .Jh HdG VCG
:dG
:bdG :SG 356
HdG b
``g ,``fOCG ``VdG ``dG ``dEG ``dG ``N ``e
?MCG HdG Me ae J

1000 Game .indb 136 2/16/16 10:19 AM

 
1000 Game .indb 137 2/16/16 10:19 AM
 fCG dG d 138

:HdG dG d :HdG dG d
:dG :dG
:bdG :SG 359 :bdG :SG 357
1 dG dG MCG e c jJ
``fOCG ``dG ``a ``VdG ``KK ``a ``KK ``dG ``e ``jJ ``j ``dG ``jfEG ``dG O``Y ``e
J g .Gk U k e jYh ``S dEG e M c G``SH dPh ,(O, N, W) KdG hdG
MGh H IdG ``s dG e e c ``J CG ?a IMGh Ie
,(UCG hCG ``NCGh ``MCG) KdG G``dCG ``e
Y ``aCG ``U ch ``SCGQ O``Y c ``j ``H
d c j ``S dH ?L KdG GdCG
.Ge J GdCG e

:HdG dG d
:dG
IMdG e
:bdG :SG 358
dG dG
G``SH Y ``j dG ``dG ``dG OY ``e
?e jc QMCG S
GPEG ``e ``dG t ` J
Y ``N e HJ
:HdG dG d .jhdG
:dG
:bdG :SG 360
dGh OhCG
fGe MQ AKCG a FGHG ``SQe WCG ``L
``L H ,WCG HQCG e fe Ye ``a
O``Y ``a .``bCG ``Y i``NCG ``a QG``H ``a c
?dG jOdG

1000 Game .indb 138 2/16/16 10:19 AM

 139 dG d fCG

(Pattern Recognition) fCG J

hCG Ke ``UCG We e ``Ye dEG ``e ``e J a fCG LJ .e e fCG
dY fj dG fCG{ JS WdG g vCG Y ak ,He bCG Y a fCG ``a ,dG ddG ``a FGQ ``Ye
J CG j VjdG Y IhY ,dG ``j eh ,e jH ``k e bbdG ``ah jQdG ``dG e GkA``H ``dM A``T c
f d bO Sd kah uob dG dG sCG ``SSCG fCG t Jh ,fhdG GdG M dG
c hCG a Mc L
.dG d ShCG IQH J j e ``HdG G``dCG ``Y ``SdG ``e ;``YdG ``dG
e CG g d ...YT IOLe fCG Ch .IUdG W``H fYdG
``cG ``a ``fEG ``ge ``J W``H
Vjd ddG a FGO ``bdG ``ah GQOEG ``jW ``Y ``gJh ``fCG
GvL L ``fCG Y IhY - ``dM e ``e c ``a
.zdG M ;``e Ye ``UY ``H ``HJ ``dG ``edG
a ,``gJ da h``f J ``a -``FGQh
AY ``j H ,dG ``SG da Y ``WCG
OQg .`g aOL ``LJ ``dG ``fCG ``J ``e- ``fCG ``g ``J
.dH H ej dG JSGQO VjdG
(Godfrey H. Hardy) J GPEGh ,``Jd ``SSCG dG dEG -``dG ``a
fEa ,Y dGh a``cGh JdG Gg dEG UdG ``dCGh ``dG ``g ``e ``J ``dG ``e
.VjdG H f ``S m ``e ``S Y e``Se ``N ?``L

:HdG dG d
:dG
:bdG :SG 361
u X IQU
Vh GPEG IdG dG dG
Y ``Se e jH ``k e
IQU S ,AGOdG dG
J g .dCe ``d X
?dG Gg ae

1000 Game .indb 139 2/16/16 10:19 AM

 fCG dG d 140

(Combinations and Permutations) jOdGh aGdG

e ``Ye ``Y g sCG j G``gh ``dG ``jOdG O``Y EG ,``eY ``H ``e ``jdGh ``bdG ``fCGh ``MG
``j) ``UY ``KK ``e ``e c ``j ``e ``V ``UM h``j ;Gk` Y (n) ``e ``Yd aGdG O``e ``Y ``J ``edG I``dG ``bGe
a Ye ch ,(UY N H e gQNG Y ;GkY (n-1)`` d dG jOdG O``Y ``a n f a ``dG aGdG O``Y hj ``b ,``jOdGh
a .60 dG ``d ,dG ``jOdG e ``S HQCG e d dG ``jOdG OY ,dG ``S LQH MG jGJ d ,jGdG ``a GkU e
M ``j (k) sE` a -i``J ``c- ``edG ``dG dG jOdG O``Y VCG HQCG h``j ``UY j ``e Y``Sh ,UdG O``Y jGJ ``e I``c
.jd UY(n) H e gQf dG dG 24 ``jd i``NCG IQ``H-UY ``KK ``e ``d .J j GvL Gkc aGdG OY
ve ``UdG JJ ``j ,``dG ``H Jd e jW 120 CG 24 5 gh .jJ k
``j :``f W``dG ``g ``SSCG ``dG
UdG ``e U OLh t oj ``e kdZ ;``FGO ``H e jW 720 CG 120 6 jdh ,UY N
,a IMGh jH JGP M a MGh Y JJ
e Ye ``H ``e ja Q``NG ``e ,``dG ``g HhdH OGYCG g J .UY S Jd
.a G kMGh kJJ oj H
gQf UY Ye g aGdGh ,VjdG j (!6) a
k ;(!)edG G``SH gJ jh
CG ``g j ``H ,Ye ``UY ``H ``e .720 hjh ,dG he -`k `e- b, a ``jY ``JJ ``j
j .YdG ``g NGO UdG Jd ``b ``jh ,b a hCG a b :``g ,``jJ IQ``U ``Y
:g edG dG Ea ddh
:JBG dG Y aGdG OY M :``e ``W ``H c, b, a ``UY ``KK ``JJ
n! = n (n-1) (n-2) (n-3) ... 3 2 .a b c , a c b , b a c , b c a , c a b , c b a
n !
1
k! (n-k)! ``JH ``UdG ``edG ``ddG ``dEG ``dH
Ke ``Y ``e ``cCG O``Lh ``dG ``eh e W``H eJ ``dG ``dG ``Y GP``e j dG ``jda ,``k be (n) ``a Gk` Y (n)
``UdG ``e CG Q``NG E` a ,``YdG ``NGO OjEG ``dG ``dh ?e ``Ye ``UY ``JJ ``MGh ``Y ``NCH ``g ``jOdG AG``LEG W``SH
ddG ``a a
k ;G k``HCG ``YdG ``j ``KdG (k) ``e ``NCf ,Gk` Y (n) ` `d ``dG ``jOdG e CG ``a hCG dG ``j CG ``j .I``e c ``a
UY KK e fe Ye a jd J dG H``da ;``f bdG ``a ``MGh ``aO Gk` Y fdG dG j CG jh ;dG (n) ``bGdG
b dGh ,e Ad GkOY j a da ,e ae ``a ``ZJ ``fCG ``Vd .`k `b ``UCG ``g fdG dG EG ``M) ek kbe (n-1) ``a
,dK Ad GkOY c dGh ,NBG A``d GkOY j UY KK e fdGh ``JdG YdG O``Y sEa ``Yh ;(hCG ``dG ``e ``j CG ``j
dGh dG ``aGdG O``Y ``S ddG g ``a GdCG e) e UY ``N H e gQJ ,n(n-1) g fdGh hCG rjd ``jOdG OY
:g ,gOjEG j :JBG dG Y j GdG sEG .(hdG hCG hCG jd dG n(n-1) jOdG e C
n! n! 5! 120
= = = 60 e be a ``ddG dG ``j CG ``jh ,``fdGh
a!b!c! (n-k)! (5-3)! 2 .Ggh ,(n-2) gOYh dG bGdG

:HdG dG d
:dG
:bdG :SG 362
1 jdG dG
,ZQdG FGhdG a 10 dEG 1 e OGYCG Vh J g
?.30 hj e N CG a dG j H

1000 Game .indb 140 2/16/16 10:19 AM

 141 dG d fCG

:HdG dG d :HdG dG d
:dG :dG
:bdG :SG 364 :bdG :SG 363
adG d dG SSCG Y QdG J g
GdCG GhRCG ?OdG dG SGh
adG f
.FGhdG e LhR
k Y S fOCG Ljo
QRCGh NCGh MCGh UCG GdCG e` k `e
FGhdG ``g e hR c u ` J CG ``J g ,``a
GdCG ``Ye ``Y e G``dCG ``e ``YH
?FGhdG e iNCG GhRCG

:HdG dG d
:dG
:bdG :SG 365
jOdG
e e OY cCH MGh U a dG QdG Ju Q
?g
?gS dG JdG OY e .dG JdG

1000 Game .indb 141 2/16/16 10:19 AM

 fCG dG d 142

:HdG dG d
:dG
:bdG :SG 366
SdG dCe
FY e OGaCG fd j dG dG dG OY e
fKo I``Fe M A``dG hd ``ah ``SdG I``MGh
?(jhdG gEH) dG

:HdG dG d
:dG
:bdG :SG 367
jdG SdG dG
bdG A``SH) 12 dEG 1 e OGYCG Vh ``J g
CG Y OGYCG ``e j H ,``FGhdG ``Y (11 h 7
.OTQE 9 h 3, 6 bQCG Vho ?24 hj e N

1000 Game .indb 142 2/16/16 10:20 AM

 143 dG d fCG

:HdG dG d
:dG
:bdG :SG 368
(Permutino) jdG
L jOdG e fe dG a IOLdG FG``dG
FG``dG ``g ``MCG .``e G``dCG ``HQCG ``e ``dG
?a GdCG JJ f ae j g ,Oe
d ``feEG ``au j ``bh
u FG``dG ``Ye ``f EG
jdG ``d dP ``a H ,``dCGh R``dCG ``e ``jdG
.(370 dG d)Permutino Game

:HdG dG d :HdG dG d
:dG :dG
:bdG :SG 370 :bdG :SG 369
Permutino Game jdG d IOdG jJ
j``dGh HQCG jOdG J ``dG j``dGh HQCG FG``dG EG ``MCG G``dCG GP R``dG ``M G``SH
Vh b (``NCGh QRCGh UCGh ``MCG) HQCG G``dCG ``e CG ``J ``g ,QRCGh ``NCGh ``UCGh
``HQCG A``SH ``e ``He c ``d `u `So ``c .10 * 10 ``T ``Y ``dG GdCG GhRCG a J IOb J
.OSCG dH dEG TCG ZQa He ?JG c a a IMGh Ie Y
j``dGh HQCG FG``dG ``ceCG d ``bdG ``e ``S ``c
?268 dG d T a IOLdG
``Vh ``a ``YdG h``j ,``T ``j CG ``j ``dG ``g
e OY cCG j dG g FdG YdG .U IQH FGdG
.dG Md Y FGdG g

1000 Game .indb 143 2/16/16 10:20 AM

 fCG dG d 144

:HdG dG d :HdG dG d :HdG dG d

:dG :dG :dG
:bdG :SG 373 :bdG :SG 372 :bdG :SG 371
3 dG HdG 2 dG HdG 1 dG HdG
1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 9, 12, 18, OG``YCG jRJ ``J ``g 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 9, 12, 18, OG``YCG jRJ ``J ``g ,e ``jH 9 ``dEG 1 ``e ``bQCG ``jRJ ``j ``g
ShCG OdG b j eY H ,e jH 36 a OGYCG V UM j H ,e ``jH 36 U CG ``a ``ShCG bdG ``W ``Jf ``j ``H
UM Y ``FQ b N hCG OY hCG U CG a ?jk he k FGO FQ b N hCG OY hCG U CG bdG ``e ``e ``FQ ``b ``N hCG O``Y hCG
``k FGO ``JdG ``j ``a ``jNBG ``jOdG ``V ?f OdG k FGO a jNBG
?jk he

:HdG dG d
:dG
:bdG :SG 374
4 dG HdG
L Jf j H ,8 dEG 1 e bQCG jRJ J g
?Gk U FQ b N hCG OY hCG U CG

1000 Game .indb 144 2/16/16 10:20 AM

 145 dG d fCG

(Magic Squares) jdG HdG

.(``T -d) 378 dG d :3 JdG e j``dG
O``Y E` a ,3 ``JdG ``e ``dG ``HdG Rh``H
``a ;I``c IQ``H ``jGj j``dG ``HdG
j``dG HdG e ke kYf (880) dH
j ``e cCG ``e ``jdG t ` jo h ,4 ``JdG GP
377 ``dG ``d ``fG) ``dG ``HdG ``jJ
``HdG ``eCG .((Drer) QQh``d ``dG ``HdG
.e jdG La ,5 JdG e jdG
j``dG ``HdG ``fc ,Q``dG ``e ``Y
kYf ``SdG H d ``f bh ,c M dEG F``T
, 900 ``Y H ,``dG ``S ``Y ;``dG ``e
AGJQH eGdG AdG UJ aGdG iMEG fc
ICGdG d dPh ;``S He eY Y I``jJ
.a ZJ dG OddG
N c ,``jdG e ``Ye g ``dG ``HdG hCG (Rubik's Cube) ``HhQ ``e ``j ``d
,dG OGYCG Ye e NDj MGh OH CJ Y J ``dG ``dG ``dG F``Sh e ``Sh
GkAH ,OGYCG e e ``H jdG CJ gH j e b npdG e ``SdG b a ,HdG
Y ;HdG jN OY hj OH Ak fGh 1 bdH a bQCG ``Vh ``a I``c Y``S `` keY 4500 ``e
N a N e e S He ,dG S dEG FdG OD` J CG ``eCG ``Y ,I``dG ``HdG
jh ,25 dEG 1 e bQCG Y j ``S jN jb P``f g H j G``fc eh ,``VjQ ``L
;jd IO``e ``jH ``jN ``a OG``YCG ``NOEG .dG HdG SG Y j RdCG e
hCG) OY hCG U CG ``a OGYCG e j ``H
,jdG dG a fCH bQCG Hc CGH
Gg Y ``jh .``k FGO kjh``e (``b N ``M
``HdG hCG ``dG ``e ``dG ``fCG ``a
.dG HdG OdG SG dG
fCh ,f hCG FGhH ddG a sn Jo OGYCG fc
;JQ ``N e j``dG HdG ``UJ a `
k `TCG H bQCG a ``dH hj G``fc
.HdG fGL e MGh ``fL Y jdG O``Y CG dG ``VjdG A``Y MG a ,``JGP ``M
j``dG Hd JJ CG ``g ``d fCG ``JG (Lo-Shu) ``T -d d A``fE ``H IN dEG
``Hd ``a ``MGh ``JJ ``Ljh ,2 ``JdG ``e .S He hCG J fc dG (378 dG d)

:HdG dG d :HdG dG d
:dG :dG
:bdG :SG 376 :bdG :SG 375
6 dG HdG 5 dG HdG
``N a ``N e dG ``dG HdG ``a IO``LdG ``HdG ``H ``fu d CG ``j ``H ,12 ``dEG 1 ``e OG``YCH ``HdG C` eG
L Jf j H 25 ``dEG 1 e OGYCG jRJ j g .``UCG ``dH ``Hs e N CG ``a hCG ``f O``dG hCG ``dG ``a ``de ``jOY
J CG j jOdG OGYCG sCH k Y ,jk he FQ b N hCG OY hCG U CG .b
?a AGdG HdG a

1000 Game .indb 145 2/16/16 10:20 AM

 fCG dG d 146

:HdG dG d
:dG
:bdG :SG 377
dG (Drer)QQhO He
HdG Gg 1514 dG a (Albrecht Drer) QQhO TdCG fdCG dG f
HdG Gg t j .(Melancholia) dG IdG Je a 4 JdG e dG
dG jdG j e cCG S ah ,IdG jdG HdG e GkMGh
fG) bdG OG``YCG ``SG j g ,hCk G ``g c J ``dG ``Hd
K ?34 h``j ``FQ b N hCG OY hCG U CG e j H ;(``dG
?jv S HdG Gg a j iNCG W cG j g ,dP H

:HdG dG d :HdG dG d
:dG :dG
:bdG :SG 379 :bdG :SG 378
``e ``a ``dG ``YdG ``d R``j ``d ,G``dH
b Y ``dG dG fc GPEG ``dG b ``a 15 dG HdG OdG d (LO-SHU) T -d He
.YdG b Y dG dG e bCG dG hj .jdG dG HdG e IM``e dG g ``T -d He jQJ Oj ,dG IQ``SCd ``k ah
N a b K e U jJ dG g e ``dG ``dG ``Md ``Y ``bdG ``b ``Vh ``a ``YdG ,OdG b ``edG dG dEG bCG Y ``dG
e KG ``J CG jh ;15 ``Ye MGh ``e b Y ``H UdG ``dG ``Y ``dG e ``S) .HCGh jdG HdG bCG t jh
oJ CG O``H .YdH UdG ``dG e bCG ``Y .(QdG e Ic `n `JJ ``dG ``T-d ``He ``e ``dG c
e CG ``cH ``j h s oJ dG ``dG g ``e h``j ``dG ``Md ``Y ``L ``dG ``VJ CG ``H IOLdG jdG a 9 ``dEG 1 e bdG ``WdG
e OY cCG j dG YdG Rj .dG jf ``M OGeG ``Y ``H ``UdG ``dG ``jJ ``a ``YdG hCG OY hCG ``U CG e j H ,``MdG ``Y
.dG KdG dG g e ``c ``ZQdG IQh``dG ``jdG ``dG ``dG ``N M ,IMGh HLEG ``a LJ .jk h``e b N
``jh ;(checker game) ``eGdG ``d ``a ``dG ``g hCG GjhJ ``e JdG iNCG ``HLEG ``J
.IjL HLEG UH HdG SfG
u hO e dG jJ J g
?dG M

1000 Game .indb 146 2/16/16 10:20 AM

 147 dG d fCG

:HdG dG d :HdG dG d
:dG :dG
:bdG :SG 381 :bdG :SG 380
a KK e ``e He ch O``Y ch ``U c ``j
GdCG sCh .L ``dG GdCG e jN Y ``KK
JdG HdG jJ dG hP dG HdG
Y``d GdCG H bQCG G``SG a ,be G``SH jN ``J ``a ``J e ``dG ``HdG u ` d ``S ``dG P ``bdG ``dG ``J ``Y
.RdCG g e M Y ``H ,``dG ``a ``VdG ``dG ``dG G``dCG ``fc i``NCG OG``YCG ``Jh ,OG``YCG ``H ``oJ
OdG ``WH c ``e ``dG A``dG ``j ;``e
fCG dEG aVEH ;eeCG dG Y OLdG ``f
UCG OdG V h``j WdG N OY Lj
.WdG e eeCG AdG j dG
j H ,be WH K J ``J g
``e Cm G hCG ``aCG hCG O``Y ``N c OG``YCG ``e
? .34 dG Od jk he FdG jdG

:HdG dG d
:dG
:bdG :SG 382
OhdGh dG
M KKh Ohb N ``j
c GPEG ,G``d ``jM ``a
QMh MGh O``b QNG ``Y
aGdG O``Y a ,``a ``MGh
QNG ``j dG ``dG
?e

1000 Game .indb 147 2/16/16 10:20 AM

 fCG dG d 148

:HdG dG d
:dG
:bdG :SG 383
3 JdG e dG HdG jJ
j H ,L ``dG AfCG a dG dG jRJ ``j ``g
?OY hCG U c a a IMGh Ie d c
GPeh ?``FdG jdG dG ``d IYdG ``SJ j g
?L jdG dG Y

:HdG dG d
:dG
:bdG :SG 384
4 JdG e dG HdG jJ
j H ,L ``dG AfCG a dG dG jRJ ``j ``g
IYdG SJ j g ?OY hCG U c a a IMGh Ie d c
dG Y GPeh ?ddG g a FdG jdG dG d
?L jdG

:HdG dG d :HdG dG d
:dG :dG
:bdG :SG 386 :bdG :SG 385
jdG VjdG 6 JdG e dG HdG jJ
dG dG ``e WH KKh ``S jRJ j ``g
IMGh Ie d c j H ,L dG AfCG a
IYdG ``SJ ``j g ?O``Y hCG ``U c ``a ``a
?FdG jdG dG d
YdG h``j ,``T j CG ``j ``dG ``g
WH CG J H ;MdG Y dG Vh Y
dG YdG R``j .OY hCG U CG ``a ``f dG ``e
.U cM NBH j

,FGhdG ``a 8 dEG 1 ``e ``bQCG ``Vh ``J ``g

O``SCG ``N CG ``Hjo ``H
?de bH dG
k dG ``dG Vj
e
.dG Gd Mv j

1000 Game .indb 148 2/16/16 10:20 AM

 149 dG d fCG

JdG HdG
N a dG bCG a jdG hCG dG bCG OY hCG ``U CG j CG ``jh ,``J ``He c ``VjdG ``dY ``HG ,``Y ``jN ``a
g e ``a d ``dG ``aCG E` a ,``Yh ;``e VJ .L JdG HdG c UY Y G kjL kYf (Leonhard Euler) jhCG OQfd dG
Y b HQCGh ``J dEG dG o``J GdG :JBG dG Y j HdG g d H M .JdG HdG j j``dG HdG e
,sHe ``S ``a ``S e fe ``ae ``g c3 b2 a1 GdCGh h``dGh ``bQCG) RedG ``e OY ``Vj
UGd kah jdG G``dG g ``TQ Jh b1 a3 c2 j H ,``f ``JdG e He ``a (``gZh
e ce c no nS jdG H .JdG HdG a2 c1 b3 I``MGh I``e ``e ``eQ CG ``Y O``Y hCG ``U c
M e dM c ``Y jdG G``dG ``ce S He CG Lj fCG if CG ``dG e dG ``HdG j ``b ,dG ``S ``Y ;``a
ce Q``NG dEG ``LM ``g ``fc GPEG .``dG 400 dG ``d t J .2 ``JdG e ``J -``ffj
``dG MCG ``Y ``jN ``N ``a ``N ``e
f e GfCG ``S Y ``dG jdG G``dG j ``H ,e ``jH G``e ``N a,b,c,d,e
-ffj He Y e k (j``dG GdCG ``TCG)
ddG ``g a ,FG``T ``S a ``YhQe ``dG .4 JdG e J IhY .``f OdG hCG ``dG a ``Je CG ``dG
k G JdG-ffdG HdG GSG j
.jC ``J jb J He jC k G ``LJ ,dP ``Y
``HdGh ``JdG j``dG ``HdG ``j hCG ,r` FdG ``HdG r``b ``f I``YdG
adG jhCG ``e UCG jdG ``H -a d ``d ffdG- JdG j``dG
I``dG Q``bCG ``jC
k G I``YdG ``d ``SJ CG
a a d ,``SGh f Y jJ J GP .jdG dG a b J Y J fEG H
.L
Yh A``MCG Y ``a jC
k G ``d ,``YGQdG ``dG ``a ``Zj ``YGQdG ``dG ``a ``k MH CG ``Vd
J da ;j``dG a Mh dGh LG Y jdG G``e e GfCG ``S KCJ Q``NG dG HdG a Y oY dG e je
a ;VQCG e b J CG dEG -dG H- dG M ``J MdG Gd a ,dG ``f ``Y ``HdG G``g ``j PEG ;``JdG-ffdG
fGM b hCG ``bQh hCG je
k hCG IH `k `e ``J ``e j``T s c ``dn jh ,``jRGe FG``T ``S ``dEG MCG e N CG EG H ``k e ucQo J ``He
HdG Gg j .G``gh ,edG e I``e hCG ``je hCG .dG jdG G``dG e H W``TCG g HdG jN e N e eJ JdG ``HdG
H I``dG UdG ``H d ``H ``jW dM ``dEG Gkf G k``e Q``NG Gg ``j ``b ``d HdG ``jN e ``N c ``d ,``NBG ``JdG
.Yf e Ija a j``dG -e k d- FG``dG MCG a dG e MGh ;jY ``Y J ``JdG-ffdG

:HdG dG d
:dG
:bdG :SG 387
5 JdG e dG HdG jJ
``Y ``fe ``WH j``Yh ``N ``Vh ``J ``g
U c a a IMGh Ie d c j H ,dG
``d IYdG ``SJ j ``g ,i``NCG I``e ?O``Y hCG
jo dG dG Y GPe ?FdG r jdG r dG
?L

1000 Game .indb 149 2/16/16 10:20 AM

 fCG dG d 150

:HdG dG d :HdG dG d
:dG :dG
:bdG :SG 389 :bdG :SG 388
FGdG JJ (Spectrix) jS
fdG FGdG JJ j g iNCG J IMGh fOCG fdG WdG Vh ``j
``dG ``Mf ``VdG ``dG :JBG YGdG IYGe jT dG Y
O``Y ch ``U c ``j ``H
dG ``d He ``Y ``WH CG ``VH ``j
?e GdCG N Y
OdG hCG dG a WH gQhJ CG hCG ,``f
.f dG d dG hCG
Gg NCj ,MdG Y ``WdG VJ CG O``H
.a Vho dG WdG d HdG
.iNCG WH a WH Vh j
Y L IY dG WdG Vh J g
?MdG
hj ``H ,``T ``j CG ``j ``dG G``g
YGd k ah MdG Y WdG Vh a YdG
``SG Y ``NBG ``dH R``jh ,``YCG IQ``cdG
.U WH NBG Vh

:HdG dG d
:dG
:bdG :SG 390
e e N c Y IMGh f Y ``YdG ``j
GkOYh ``k U oJ WH ``fc GPEG ;hD` fCG G``dCG ``HQCG
HQCG GdCG Hs e d
;YdG Y j dG dG Yoa ;k e BG a jd ``je d d ``H dG ``g ``e ``dG
YdG j ,``fOCG VdG ``dG Pf ``a ,`k `a G``dCG GP ``He ``HQCG ``e ``fe I``YCG hCG ``U
YoJ `s `K ,``f HQCG ``Y QRCG ``HdG ``j ``dG fdG ``fj CG eEG fd ``a Y c ``j ;``e
.k e BG a GkOYh k U FfE Y M dG dG .NCGh QRCG fdG hCG UCGh MCG
e G kMGh ;MdG Y He YdG j QhO c ``a
a cj CG ``f dG e Hd ``j h ,d c
U jJ He HQCG e cC jCk G ``j h ,``V
.UGe OY hCG

1000 Game .indb 150 2/16/16 10:20 AM

 151 dG d fCG

:HdG dG d :HdG dG d
:dG :dG
:bdG :SG 392 :bdG :SG 391
dG HdG dG u dG
HQCG jhJ N e dG g J IOYEG j ``jdG ``dG ``Lu dG O``Y ``e
GdG iMEG ``aM c ``J H ;a ``He IQdG ``g a Y Q``dG ``j
HdG ae J g .f dG e iNCG a ``Ju dGh ,``k He ``Y ``dG GP
?gjhJ j dG HQCG g ?HQCG ``a ``HQCG JdG ``e ``T
IQdG a Lu dG QX Ge OY
Lu dG ``H ``dg sCG CG ,hm ``e
e ?jNBG ``e cCG IQH h``j
?IQdG a ``edG Lu dG O``Y
CG ``j ``jdG ``Lu dG O``Y ``eh
``JJ CG ``a ``ec ``jH Gh``j
?Hs e HQCG a HQCG e e
``bh ``WdG ``g ``f ``j
``dCG ``e ``jd ``WH A``fE
,W``H .YdG ``dCGh ``jOdG
h 123 ``dG ``d ``YGb ``SG
.104

:HdG dG d
:dG
:bdG :SG 393
fGdG dCG a RGdG J
?fGdG ADg H S dG ddG cdG e

1000 Game .indb 151 2/16/16 10:20 AM

 fCG dG d 152

:HdG dG d :HdG dG d
:dG :dG
:bdG :SG 395 :bdG :SG 394
T M T Y WdG 2 jdG FGhdG
dG TCG Vh J g FGhdG a fOCG ``VdG OGYCG Vh ``j g
dG a T dG T Y FGhdG WJ f Y IOLdG ZQdG IdG
``jH I``dG ``fdG ``Y OG``YCG ``e ``j ``H ,I``dG ``HQCG
JdG ``dG ``a ``a ``j ?39 hj Ic IFGO c e
``e ``cCG G``dCG ``e ``d CG
CG hCG U CG ``a IMGh I``e
?OY

:HdG dG d
:dG
:bdG :SG 396
HdG bQCG He
dG FGhdG ``a e OG``YCG ``HQCG Vh ``J ``g
e V CG Y jOdG ``e j H ,``dG a
?NBG bQ Hd jk he HdG VCG

1000 Game .indb 152 2/16/16 10:20 AM

 153 dG d fCG

:HdG dG d :HdG dG d
:dG :dG
:bdG :SG 399 :bdG :SG 397
1 dG SGdG dG 1 dG dG
``dG FGhdG a bdG OGYCG aVEG j ``g FGhdG ``a 6 ``dEG 1 ``e ``bQCG ``Vh ``J ``g
N CG W Y bQCG e j H ,``ZQdG ``j ``H ,``dG ``VCG ``W ``Y IO``LdG
?21 hj e ``k FGO ``f ``dG ``Y ``bQCG ``KK CG ``e
``j ``dG ``dG ``dG O``Y ``e ?jk h``e
?dEG UdG

:HdG dG d
:dG
:bdG :SG 400
``Ve ``g ``c ``TCG ``HQCGh G``dCG ``HQC ``fdGh
HQCG Y ``HLEG J CG ``j ,iNCG IQ``H ?``fOCG
jdG GdCGh TCG
e ``J c a ``e ``TCG ``HQCGh ``e G``dCG IOLdG ``fdG N I``Y ``dG JJ ``J ``g :HdG dG d
:JBG dG ,e ``S He Oe ``e cCG ``J ``jH ``fOCG :dG
edG I``Y ``dG jdG ``g ``JJ IO``YEH ``dPh :bdG :SG 398
2 dG dG
``FGhdG ``a 9 ``dEG 1 ``e ``bQCG ``Vh ``j ``g
``j ``H ,``dG ``VCG ``W ``Y IO``LdG
``k FGO ``f ``dG ``Y ``bQCG ``HQCG CG ``e
IYCG HQCG .1 U HQCG .2 jbo N .3 He HQCG .4 He HQCG .5 He HQCG .6
jOY aCG FQ jGhdG a SdG HQ c a ``j ``dG ``dG ``dG O``Y ``e ?jk h``e
?dEG UdG

1000 Game .indb 153 2/16/16 10:20 AM

 fCG dG d 154

:HdG dG d :HdG dG d
:dG :dG
:bdG :SG 403 :bdG :SG 401
2 dG YdG dG HdG OGYCG e
VCG W Y 14 dEG 1 e OGYCG JJ ``J g FGhdG ``a e ``bQCG ``KK ``Vh ``J ``g
bQCG e j H ,``e jH Y``dG dG e V CG ``Y jOdG e ``j H ,``fOCG
?26 k FGO hj V CG Y KdG ?NBG bQ Hd jk he dG VCG

:HdG dG d
:dG
:bdG :SG 404
FdG Fd dG HdG
Mf IOLdG dG FdG FdG TCG e CG
?dG HdG j S QdG

:HdG dG d
:dG
:bdG :SG 402
1 jdG IFGdG
j ``H 9 ``dEG 1 ``e ``bQCG ``jRJ ``j ``g
?15 k FGO hj IFGdG cH Qe N CG e

1000 Game .indb 154 2/16/16 10:20 AM

 155 dG d fCG

10 JdG e dG JdG-ffdG HdG

HdG CG ``SdG YG e IjY G``d
Xh ,l``e 10 ``JdG ``e ``JdG -``ffdG
G``SG e ZdG Y ``de Z dC` dG ``g
dPh ,dhCG I``d a 1959 dG ``a ``SdG
dG a gGLCG ``dG e Y``S (100) e cC
edG YG .dCdG d e HLG CG Y
b dC` dG g ``Y HLEd ``ec ``H AG``LEG CG
dG e Y 100 e cCG ``SdG RL ``j
dG IdG dG Gg RY cCG IQHh ,UGdG
.OLe Z dCdG d dG sEG J
,G kjL kf MdG ``cG 1960 Y a
``Hd ``a ``d ``dG ``e O``jEG ``dEG iOCG
Hd jCk G ``dh ,10 JdG ``e ``J-ffj
e gZh ,18 ``JdG ``e ``Heh 14 ``JdG ``e
``g ``dG ``Vj .``YCG ``JdG GP ``Hs dG
``dG ``JdG - ``ffdG ``Hd ``dG ``MCG
bQCH GdCG d``SG M ,10 JdG e dG
.10 dEG 1 e

:HdG dG d
:dG
:bdG :SG 405
2 dG dG
dG VCG Y 12 dEG 1 e OGYCG ``jRJ j ``g
a HQCG VCG e j H ,e jH L
?26 k FGO hj dG LhCG e Lh c

1000 Game .indb 155 2/16/16 10:20 AM

 fCG dG d 156

:HdG dG d :HdG dG d
:dG :dG
:bdG :SG 407 :bdG :SG 406
,SdG MdG a 9 dEG 1 e bQCG Vh ``J g dG HdG
g h``d k ah dG MdG a 16 dEG 1 e bQCGh 3 jdG FGhdG
Md a bQCG e Ye JJ dG g e dG FGhdG ``Y 6 ``dG 1 e ``bQCG ``jRJ ``j ``g
?dG
e UCG He ``a OY iCG j H ,``HdG ``e FGhdG WJ f Y IOLdG ZQdG IdG
YCG e be e ``c JdG j ,AfG Y UCG hCG ,``dG Mf e ``d QhdG HdG ``a O``dG
.dG SCG dEG QdG ``Y OG``YCG ``e ``j ``H ,I``dG ``dG
a dG Vu ho .I``Te J dG HdG ``a OdG ``e ?jk he FGO Ic IFGO c e
.He HQCG e fdG IdG MdG

:HdG dG d
:dG
:bdG :SG 408
(Hypercube) FGdG dG
OHCG YHdG
,dG Gg a dG C` fCG e hCG e``SEG AdG t j
ah .(tesseract) cG``J ``SG fk MCG ``Y j ``M
J fCG Y ``VjdG AY e eJ ``gGdG ``bdG
.OHCG HQCG P FGdG d jH a
Y ?OHCG ``YHQ Aa GQOEG ``dG d j ``g
``KK GA``dG ``a hQ``e ``dG sCG ``e ``ZdG
dG VjdG jQdG N e dG a ,OHCG
HQCG P FGdG dG Q``J Y JGQb Q``J CG
.eJ H OHCG
dEG 0 e OGYCG Vh j g ,ddG dG dEG ``dH
EG H ,``e jH ``FGdG ``dG ``Y ``FGhdG ``a 15
``SdG a fdG s d HdG LhCG jGhR a OGYCG
?30 Ye j dG Mf VdG QdG

1000 Game .indb 156 2/16/16 10:20 AM

 157 dG d fCG

:HdG dG d :HdG dG d
:dG :dG
:bdG :SG 410 :bdG :SG 409
CG e ``j H ,fOCG ``VdG ``dG ``SGS
dG dG e CG d jk he ``e N 2 SGdG dG 4 jdG FGhdG
?g dG HdG OdG ``cG j g ?iNCG (``dG) d ,j``dG HdG ``Y G``s e ``co j H ,``FGhdG ``a 18 dEG 1 ``e OG``YCG ``Ju Q
OGYCG H Vh a ,Gv` L k U dG L ``dh dG e ;iNCG ``e N e ``j CG j k FGO h``j IXdG ``FGhdG ``e hR CG ``e
Vh ``a ``Y ``Hh ,``SGdG ``dG ``jN ``NGO ,``dG ``S ``a ;``SGdG ``dGh ``FGhdGh Vh j g ,dH GhRCG e KK Vh .19
? dG OGYCG dG Md ``Y 19 dEG 1 ``e OGYCG ``jRJ ``j ``g ?dG OGYCG

:HdG dG d :HdG dG d
:dG :dG
:bdG :SG 412 :bdG :SG 411
,iNCG Ie FG``dG g JJ IOYEG ``j g ,``d
2 jdG dG a IMGh I``e e ``cCG G``dCG e ``d ``j ``H
jdG FGdG
``FGhdG ``a IO``dG OG``YCG ``aVEG ``J ``g QbCG ``dP a ``H) ``b ``N hCG O``Y hCG ``U CG JdG ``e He a ``Y KdG FG``dG JJ ``j
CG Y OG``YCG e j ``H ,ZQdG ``dG FK ``d ``H ``dG G``g ``d ``j ?(i``dG MGh d Y aCG U c j H ,``jH 77
?26 hj e N Y FGdG Vh a YdG hj .``T j j H FG``dG JJ IOYEG ``J g .``a
Vh ``j dG ``NCG YdG R``j ``H ;``MdG ?aCG U CG a a IMGh Ie e cCG MGdG dG
.dG YGb fG hO e FGdG .dG e jdG dh S dCe g

1000 Game .indb 157 2/16/16 10:20 AM

 fCG dG d 158

:HdG dG d :HdG dG d
:dG :dG
:bdG :SG 414 :bdG :SG 413
g a ``HdG ``VCG ``J ``H ,``J ``gOYh
.e M Lj ?f dG d TCG 2 fdG dG 1 fdG dG
``dG a VdG s fp o dG ``TCG jhJ ``j ``g ``dG a VdG ``s fp o dG ``TCG ``jhJ ``j
a He ``edG ``VCG ``J ``H ``fOCG
J j a ,L ``SdG f Y dG
?jhdG Y e e OY bCH dG Gg

:HdG dG d
:dG
:bdG :SG 415
bdG He
fOCG ``d ``dG HQCG dG e ``U c
AGOdG ``dG Hd cdG e He j
c a bf MGh f Lj .``H DdG j ``dG
VdG KdG fCG ``SGQO N eh ,He
:HdG dG d
:dG HQCG ``dGdG ``SG j g ,U c ``a
:bdG :SG 416 ?L

SCGh dG
HdG ``e He c ``a a ``MGh ``S ``Vh ``j
j H ,HdG bQCG ``H J dG AGdG
j g .dG Y jv b hCG v ` SCGQ hCG v aCG ``S c
dG ``SCG OY ``j H ``e jH ``SCG ``Vh
a OLdG Od jk h``e ``dG a He c dEG ``J
?HdG dP

1000 Game .indb 158 2/16/16 10:20 AM

 159 dG d fCG

:HdG dG d :HdG dG d
:dG :dG
:bdG :SG 418 :bdG :SG 417
s j``dGh ``dG bdG ``fG ,hCk G
YCG K ,bh
dG e b ``N ``a ``N ``JdG ``e ``ae ``d ``J
QdG SdG a s dG
H ,e jH fOCG VdG dG dGb u bo Y GdCG HJ CG j CG ; ehdG CGe e aGJ ,FG``dG J hCG jdG dG ``LCG J eY
jk he cdG a IdG jFGdG dG OY j jdG OY S .L ``edG VCG W JJ e dG ICa `s `jo dG A``dG j ``a
MCG u bo ,dG S Y ;YdG dG Od .(22525!) ge k a dG k `S c eh ;F`
F` k `S UCG ``k U c ``dG ;``NGdG
cdG Je jFGO ``b dEG dG ``dGb dH ``dG g e s ` J .Gk ` u eo BG ``UCG
He fOCG dG a VdG HQCG jdG u on J
HQCG dLEG OdG j H ,YT bh k jC
Y a k G ``dG a J CG ``j PEG ,``MdG
e dG ``a ,dG a ``JdG LQO ``a ``bJ
j jFGO ``b Kh Y``TEG WGb KK .``b .dG
fe L jdG sCG OYG dG
.b J e ``d ,``f ``SSCG ``J ``UdG ``e Gk KCJ ``ehdG CG``e ``u j ``dG Gg ``a
H ``H a b c s ` n Jo CG ``j ,``c ``d MCG ``J ``jdG ``g ``e ``a I``MGh fCG eO dEG ODJ GdCG He ;Ke k
.jGhdG ``a M ``f dG GP ``dG ``eJ ?acG j g ,dG Gd dG ``KKh ``eeCG ``dG ``gdG .``dG
dG Od hm e eG``SG j dG GdCG OY G k``Ho ``j ``dG ``SfGh O``HCG
.cdG IdG jFGdG dG RdCG ``H e bGdG a ,``d ck ``e
``dG E` a ,``g ``VdG ``dG ``e i``f ``ch dG Gg t ` j ,dG Gg a ``u Vo ``dG
hCG jFGdG dG FK dG dEG dH e .UCG e
.jFGdG dG KK
b ``N GP c Y dP J CG ``J g
GP c Y GPeh ?GdCG ``N e` k `e jFGO
?GdCG H b S

fe c e fe c
fdh - b e GdCG KKh b K

N e fe c
GdCG Nh b

e fe c
GdCG Sh b uS

1000 Game .indb 159 2/16/16 10:20 AM

 fCG dG d 160

(Combinatorial Games) cdG dCGh ehdG

jf ``Y ``VjdG ``ge ``Y ``YG
jL jOe CG ;IXdG (GhdG hCG) fGbG
Y ;a hdG bGe jJ e ZdG Y J
(ab+bc+ca) h (a+b+c) ``e c :``dG ``S
GPEG .(a,b,c) hdG e IXe fGbG ``j
QMCG e edG YdG a GdCG ceCG ``dsH
QMCG ``YH ``f ``fEa ,``gd ``ehdG
QMCG g NBG H ;H fCGH dG ``f dG
``J dG VCG IO``e ``fdG ``ehdG GQhCG ``e QMCG ``g jOdG ``ehdG ``dCG
``d QMCG Ye .m``e ``S Y Q``MCG Y ``M ch ,MGh ``a KG ``dG ``e ``dG
dH SSCG fCG hCG ``TCG soJ :FGY .aGWCG ``e W c ``Y ``MGh ;``e ``bQ
QMCG ``e ec Ye ``d ``dG ``L j ;``H ehdG d d ``SdG I``YdG
VGaG j) .e KG Hj CG jT ,dG QMCd IQh``dG G``WCG Y ``bQCG ``J CG
d ;e GkQMCG J dG M ``SfG CG ``e ``aCG ``ehdG ``d t ` J .``k FGO ``He
``VGaG G``a ,``f ``dG ``j ``gjhJ t ` j d ,``ehdG CGe ``oj e J ``d h``e
fL e fe QMCG J CG IOdG a ;``W .dG c Y IH dG a
Y gjhJ ``j dh b j ``Yh ;``MGh
dG g e dG .(dS H dG ``dG ``SH ``fEG ``VjdG ``dY ``HG
.jJ XJ a
a k``S IOdG QMCG e ec Ye JJ (Percy Alexander MacMahon) ge QdCG
.ehdG CGd kah Ve
m f GSH IQdG ,YQdG ehdG dCG e GkOY

:HdG dG d :HdG dG d
:dG :dG
:bdG :SG 420 :bdG :SG 419
QMCG Ye G``SH .e GdCG ``N H e
ehdG fT bQ e dG dG A``fEG IOYEG j g ,J ``ehdG 1 fdG ehdG QMCG
fe d fOCG VdG fdG bQ bG ?fOCG VdG dG Y S a N ``Y ``dG ``ehdG Q``MCG ``e ``M c ``j
ehdG QMCG G``SH .k He ``Sh KG ``e H ``e c u ` do ,``He ``e ``dG ``a ``VdG
G``g QG``J ``dG ``e ``g ,AG``dG -AG``dG
QMCG ``e Gk M ``KKh ``MGh G``SH ``dG
?ehdG

1000 Game .indb 160 2/16/16 10:20 AM

 161 dG d fCG

:HdG dG d :HdG dG d
:dG :dG
:bdG :SG 422 :bdG :SG 421
cdG e Yf idG e Yf
YhCG KK a Wh
dG ``dG ``dG OY ``e ``dG ``dG ``dG O``Y ``e
dN ``e ``j Yf ``jJ dN ``e ``j
``e ``Yf ``jJ e KG G``SH idG e
KK ``a cdG ?WCG
?e YhCG

:HdG dG d
:dG
:bdG :SG 423
2 fdG ehdG QMCG
j``dGh fdG ehdG Q``MCG ``e M c ``j
H ``e c u ` do ,``He ``e ``dG ``a ``VdG
QMCG Ye G``SH .e GdCG ``S H ``e
a gdG dG A``fEG IOYEG j g ,J ehdG
?dG a dG

1000 Game .indb 161 2/16/16 10:20 AM

 fCG dG d 162

:HdG dG d :HdG dG d
:dG :dG
:bdG :SG 425 :bdG :SG 424
1 fdG dG
HQCG Lj ,AGLCG KK dEG dG dG dEG ``dH
k h``Yh
AGLCG J ``e GdCG HQC ``k e jJ
h``Yh KK g ``j .``dG a j ``c ``KdG
?bdG jdG Y QdG j g ,k e jJ k
j``dGh HQCG ``dG ``Vh ``dP ``H ``j ``g
``e hR c ``j ``H ``SGdG ``dG ``a ``L
?f dG d edG dG VCG

dG SGS WdG
``dEG ``fOCG ``SGdG ``TCG ``e ``T c ``j
e A``L c u ` do ,AG``LCG ``KK
H ,G``dCG ``S H e H
``SGS ``T CG e BGL s ` n jo
g Y O``YEH .``f dH
``oJ ) v ` SGS ` k `T h``Y Lj ,``YGdG
.(e TCG fCG Y jhdGh SfG
TCG g e ` k `T ``Y ``J ``dG a j
?bdG SGdG dG GdCG a ,SGdG
hY gOYh SGdG ``TCG Vh j g
H ,``YCG ``a dG ``dG ``a ``Fe IQ``H
``dG ``d ``edG ``VCG ``e hR c ``j
?f

:HdG dG d
:dG
:bdG :SG 426
jOMCGh KK ehO QMCG
m``MGh ``VH ``edH f``dG ``bQ A``e ``j ``g
Q``MCG) ``KdG ``ehdG Q``MCG ``e Gk ` M j``Yh
OMCG ehO Mh (Hs e ``KK e fdG ``ehdG
a J dGh ,(a MGh He e e ehO M)
?g dG

1000 Game .indb 162 2/16/16 10:20 AM

 163 dG d fCG

:HdG dG d :HdG dG d
:dG :dG
:bdG :SG 428 :bdG :SG 427
fdG HdG 2 fdG dG
,``bCG HQCG dEG f``j He c G``b MGh c ,bCG KK IgdG dG e MGh d
KK H e MGh H e b c u do h dG HQCG GdCG e MGH De j e
jYh HQCG Y j .H e GdCG k
MCG ,HQCG GdCd e k
J 24 g .H
KK fOCG ``dG Vj .KdG G``dCG e `k `jJ d QdG dG GdCG e ,Oe dG g
HdG a bdG GdCG a .e jJ k jYh ?OdG
?QdG
g ``HdG ``g j``dGh ``HQCG ``Vh ``j
HQCG ``a ``S e fe ``T ``a ``Fe IQ``H
``J ``a .``fOCG ``VdG ``dG ``Y ``He
``LQdG Oh``dG ``J ``H ``HdG ``JJ
NGO j c ,a MGh d GP L d
dG GP ``HdG ``VCG ``eH ``a ``dG
?a f

:HdG dG d
:dG
:bdG :SG 429
dG JG
.e GdCG ``S dEG HdG ``VCG e ``V c ``j
``dG a c L ``dEG k L ``HdG Vh ``j ``g
Le IQ``H ``dG GdCG MCG j ``H ,``dG
dP a j g ?``HQCG HdG N e ``eh
?bO e bCG a
e Ca .a G kMGh fk d eSG GPEG dG M dEG o f
?dG dG jo GdCG g

:HdG dG d
:dG
:bdG :SG 430
GdCG e U
WdG f jJ a a QRCG hCG ``MCG fdG ``SG
hO e ``edH dG ``jJ j a .i``NCG ``J I``MGh
?e N CG Y f dG e f HQCG OLH dG

1000 Game .indb 163 2/16/16 10:20 AM

 fCG dG d 164

:HdG dG d
:dG
:bdG :SG 431
O``LdG j``dG ``Y IO``LdG ``fdG ``e ``aUhCG k `T ``S ``gOYh ``fdG FG``T ``fG :hCk G
j`
.eeCG a Vh ``s bo ``K ,``HdG ``dG ``a IO``LdGh
:FdG PfEG
``j ,dG FdG ae e Y ``j ``eY ``e FG``dG ``S ``Y ``YdG h``j .h``U dG
HLEG aGJ Y hCG .FdG dP IQ``U dG ``UEH .jNBG YdG ``eCG RQH e a Vhh h``dG ``dG Y IQ``dGh cdG ``g ``jdG ``d ``J
.IMGh f Y j dG FdG IQU e H eCG ,``n dG
n QhH j``dG ``S dG YdG ``j g d cCG hCG UTCG Kd j .jS aCG OhOQh
.dH Rj f N Y j Y hCG aGJ dG FdG ae a dhdG a YdG .dG

1000 Game .indb 164 2/16/16 10:20 AM

 165 dG d fCG
FdG dG fCG dG FdG dG fCG dG FdG dG fCG dG FdG dG fCG dG

FdG dG fCG dG FdG dG fCG dG FdG dG fCG dG FdG dG fCG dG

FdG dG fCG dG FdG dG fCG dG FdG dG fCG dG FdG dG fCG dG

FdG dG fCG dG FdG dG fCG dG FdG dG fCG dG FdG dG fCG dG

FdG dG fCG dG FdG dG fCG dG FdG dG fCG dG FdG dG fCG dG

FdG dG fCG dG FdG dG fCG dG FdG dG fCG dG FdG dG fCG dG

FdG dG fCG dG FdG dG fCG dG FdG dG fCG dG FdG dG fCG dG

FdG dG fCG dG FdG dG fCG dG FdG dG fCG dG FdG dG fCG dG

FdG dG fCG dG FdG dG fCG dG FdG dG fCG dG FdG dG fCG dG

FdG dG fCG dG FdG dG fCG dG FdG dG fCG dG FdG dG fCG dG

FdG dG fCG dG FdG dG fCG dG FdG dG fCG dG FdG dG fCG dG

FdG dG fCG dG FdG dG fCG dG FdG dG fCG dG FdG dG fCG dG

FdG dG fCG dG FdG dG fCG dG FdG dG fCG dG FdG dG fCG dG

FdG dG fCG dG FdG dG fCG dG FdG dG fCG dG FdG dG fCG dG

FdG dG fCG dG FdG dG fCG dG FdG dG fCG dG FdG dG fCG dG

1000 Game .indb 165 2/16/16 10:20 AM

 fCG dG d 166

:HdG dG d
:dG
:bdG :SG 432
1 SGdG dG
VdG ``dG ``SGdG dG JJ ``J g
VCG ``e hR c ``j ``H ,``dG ``Ub ``a ``g
?f dG d edG

:HdG dG d :HdG dG d
:dG :dG
:bdG :SG 434 :bdG :SG 433
2 GdCG bH 2 SGdG dG
Y QdG j bdG dG bdG iMEG ``SGdG ``dG ``JJ IO``YEG ``J ``g
ae j ``a .fOCG ``VdG ``dG f ``a VCG ``e hR c ``j ``H ,``dG
?bdG g ?f dG f d edG

1000 Game .indb 166 2/16/16 10:20 AM


1000 Game .indb 167 2/16/16 10:20 AM
 dG dG d 168

dG J
Lj dh ,``dG e ``Y dG F``e ``Y dG ``a hdG ``dG ``dG ``dY ``Hc ``e J ``J ``a ``dG ``dG i``MEG ``J
dG ``dG jf ``j VjdG a ``a BG Hc e sj d ``dh ,fLRdG adG HCG ``TdG IjL ``TCG jd AGLCG L IO``YEGh ``TCG
dG F``dG e jdG M a b iDhQ ``J dG W H ``Y J dh ,AGLCG i``S GPEG ,``dG ``S ``Y ;``H ``YGb ``Y Ak ``H
.jdGh ZGdG SdG a .fOCG 435 dG gJ M ,gdG ``YVCG ``e ``T ``J ``eEH c
,``f dG Ye e ,``e CG ;``e
``dG VjdG dY dCG 1900 Y ``a dCG ``e jdG a dG ``Y ``LJ
aVEH ,``f M``dG ``d J CG a
,``jQH a kHN (David Hilbert) g ``jO ,Ija dG Y J M ;dG R``dCG e CG ``J ``j ``fEG CG ;``U ``dG CG ``dEG
``Z ``VjQ dC` e j``Yh ``Kk K h``J ``M ``dEG ``J ``j ``dG G``fdG ``d ``dch e Ohe O``Y dEG ``f M``dG d ``e
ahdG F``dG J e jdG G``j h ,``de fCch jGdG a J dG F``e H .GHEG e ``jv CG ``d ``dP ``H ``L ``j ``dG ``dG
dh ,``YGd ``jk uJ ``J ``g F``e ``SH -ce) d da ;H dG ``dG e e ZdG Y- YGdG ``g ,UCG ``dG
(Max Dehn) ``jO ``ce VjdG dY ``J dG ``e OY dEG ``T ``J ``J (Mystrix AGLEG ``a Ie ``f bdG a ``fEa -W``H
GDk S jO W ;MGh Y N e IMGh M e J IO``YEG K ,dG ``g iMEG ``Y A``SGh Jh ,i``NCG bH D` dGh H``dG ``dG
Oe ZGa T J eEH c GPEG sY J Gd ;``UCG ``dG jd ``dG AG``LCG .MdG e dG Gg Y SQZa jf
``dG ``e ``Ye ``dEG ``f ``dH ``dG Ea dP eh ,d Ma ``Y dEG bQdG ``g
dEG O``e ``T ``d e ``W ``LJ
MdG J ``Y Y fCG KCGh ,HdG adG VjdG a d FT GSG cCG
We ``J dG AGLCG g H Jh ,AG``LCG
J d HdG ``dG Ea ;jh``dG NBG T jd T ``J jW dEG UdG g
cDdG e fCG ``eh ,UN f Y ``gd I``e
.dG e e OY bCH
bO cCG ``dG CG dEG ``eCG fGh ,``k FGO ``e BG e ``fEG LGh ``b ``dG ``e sCG
.MdG e ``SdG dG a ``VjdG A``Y NCj ``d fc dG ``g M MhWCG hCG E` a ,``dG
:HdG dG d
:dG
:bdG :SG 435
adG HCG J
(Abu al-Wafa) ``adG HCG ``dG VjdG dY ``W
,LCGh dG Fe bCG e IMGh TdG dG a
Hb AGLCG dEG He Hs e KK J ``J g
adG HCG M ``J ?c MGh He a ``dG IO``YE
J IOYEG J a ;AGLCG J dEG HdG J
?dG g

1000 Game .indb 168 2/16/16 10:20 AM

 169 dG d dG

:HdG dG d
:dG
:bdG :SG 436
hdG b
N M ` k `T ``Y MCG e e ``T c b j
``W ``f ``dEG ``UdG ``J ``g ,``cdG ``MCG
:IY``e ?a J JH ec ``Y MCG ``TCG
.FT jfEG c dG oJ

:HdG dG d :HdG dG d
:dG :dG
:bdG :SG 438 :bdG :SG 437
IBGdG SfG
M GdCG IOdG dG ``e b c b ``j
GSH -J a ,AGdG cdG dG
dG ``dG e ``J CG -a ``dG ``J
?HQCG dG b Y j

JJ IO``YEG ``J g ,He iNCG ``e ``HQCG

JdG sCG ``M ?cCG He ``jd j``dG dG 20 o dG HdG
P Hd dG JdG e G kJ cCG S jdG ,k He k e ``Y ``S e jJ j edG HdG
.k e Y dG a FdG jhGdG ``V ``fh ,jhGdG Fb ``e c
VCG GPEG .``dG ``a Ve ``g ``c 2: 1 ``dG ``Y

1000 Game .indb 169 2/16/16 10:20 AM


IOhe Z Y``S Hf b bh ,d ``SdG
.Mh GfdG RdCG GNG a dG a
J GfdG a aNG G``Y LJ
,jdG ``TCGh ,FGhdGh ,``dG J
J CG ``H .``TCG ``e ``gZh ``dG ``TCGh
Vh hJ CG j ,g MdG L F``dG
GP a ``J fEG ;UdG d``TCGh JJ
.OsdG QtdG Y JGQb S M ;i ke
1000 Game .indb 170
dG dG d 170
:HdG dG d
:dG
:bdG :SG 439
MGh He a Hs e KK
VdG ``KdG HdG ``HdG e ``He ``p bo
dEG NBG bh ,jCGL dEG He b M ;IQdG a
``dG AGLCG JJ IO``YEG ``J a ,AG``LCG ``KK
k k He d
?cCG ec
:HdG dG d
:dG
:bdG :SG 440
f dEG HdG J
W ``S a LJ ,IO``LdG ``dG ``N ``JH
,He ``jCGL ``dEG ``He ``J dN ``e ``j
``dG i``MEG .``SfGh GQh``dG ``MG hO ``e
dG dG dEG UdG J a ;Ve ``dG
?iNCG
(Tangrams) dG dG d - GfdG
GfdG e TCG jJ MG IQGZh bO K ,``b ``dEG ik``e hCG ``k e `
k `T ``bG
dG a ;QMG dh ,de Id dG d H ``TCG hCG ``UCG ``dG ``d ``k e ``dG ``LG
J e QH dG ``J eOEG dEG dG OD` j CG MGh ``gh - dG ``d ``g G``gh ,`` keJ I``jL
.dGh Vd IYe dG dCG Jh .``adG ``VjdG ``TCG bCG ``e
.dG R``dCG bCG e I``MGh ``dG G``fdG
a IOLe GfdG ``dEG IQ``TEG bCG sCG eh
,bCG S dEG He j ,``SdG ``T a
hj ``dG Ea ,1826 ``Y QU ``U ``c
.H dP b e dEG Oj f GfdG jQJ sCG Y o HG dG R``dCG LCG e G``fdG ``J PEG
(Edgar Allan H BG LjEG jOCG CG ``f f e d M Ye jJ j M ;``WEG
rj``T ``fc (Lewis Carroll) hQc ``jdh Poe) ``c j bGdG ah ,jRdGh IOdG Q``dG
2/16/16 10:20 AM
 171 dG d dG

:HdG dG d :HdG dG d
:dG :dG
:bdG :SG 443 :bdG :SG 441
hOdG GfdG GfdG
``g ;``bh ``HdG G``fdG `
r `T ``fG ``j ``SdG G``fdG ``a
k He u d ec Y HQCG AGLCG L J ``a ;AG``LCG ``S ``dEG ``HdG
?Gk c M ``dG ``JJ IO``YEG ``J
a VdG ``dG ``TCG ``J
?dG

:HdG dG d
:dG
:bdG :SG 444
dG dG :HdG dG d
S dEG VdG dG IhM J J g :dG
?a e N GSH AGLCG :bdG :SG 442
dG GfdG d
AGLCG JJ jW Y bH GYCG VdG ``dG
OLdG ``dG CG hj dh ,L ``dG GfdG
jW VJ ``j a ;``aVEG AL H Q``dG ``dEG
?T c SQ

1000 Game .indb 171 2/16/16 10:20 AM

 dG dG d 172

:HdG dG d
:dG
:bdG :SG 445
IOdG a
J He ``fN dEG j HQCG IO``dG e O``b c
dG N Ju H j g ,jNBG IOdG Y G kH
OJ CG ``fN ``KKh ``S ``e ``dG ``HdG G``g ``a
?IOdG d dG jdG

:HdG dG d :HdG dG d
:dG :dG
:bdG :SG 447 :bdG :SG 446
AGLCG N dEG He J HQCG HQCG dEG He J
``e ``He ``J ``j ``dEG ``He ``d ``W ``S ``LJ
,fN j``Yh ``N e M hO e He bCG HQCG
``e IO``e ``e I``MGhh ``g i``MEG ,``SfGh GQh``dG
HQCG dEG J J SdG ``J a ;eeCG Ve dG
dGREG EG) ``He ``bCG ?iNCG dG dG jJ
CG ``J cdG ``HdG
S
s He c M``e J
S LJ .(He GMh
,dG ``g ``d ``W
;``eeCG ``Ve ``gGMEG
``dEG ``UdG ``j ``a
?iNCG dG

1000 Game .indb 172 2/16/16 10:20 AM

 173 dG d dG

:HdG dG d
:dG
:bdG :SG 448
dG
j H ``dG N IGPH ``S Vh ``J g
a k He ``b NGO HQCG ``fGdG GfCG ``e ``f c
?iNCG UbCG e Th Me

:HdG dG d :HdG dG d :HdG dG d

:dG :dG :dG
:bdG :SG 451 :bdG :SG 450 :bdG :SG 449
3 f dEG T J 2 f dEG T J 1 f dEG T J
?He b dEG dG Gg J J g dEG ``dG ``Z ``dG G``g ``J ``J ``g dEG ``dG ``Z ``dG G``g ``J ``J ``g
?He b ``dG ``J j ``g ,``K ?``He ``b
M Lj ?``He ``bCG HQCG ``dEG i``NCG I``e
j h ,``HQCG ``HQCG ``dEG ``dG ``d ``e
.LQdG dG N jW gMCG

1000 Game .indb 173 2/16/16 10:20 AM

 dG dG d 174

:HdG dG d
:dG
453
WdG H d eCG
:bdG :SG
``dGh M``dG a He CG ;He ``bCG ``T ``J R``dCG ``e Q``e ``f ``j
f dEG b J ``S F``dG g CG e ``T j HQ .`` keJ hCG jhe ``bCG HQCG hCG KK hCG ``b dEG Oe
``J g ,``fOCG VdG ``dG ``T ``e ``J bhCG ZCG a kjJ ``J CG j dh ,``dG W``H h``e c J ,dG H a .cCG
``j AG``dG ``dG ``e ``j ``N CG ``jJ .jgdG WH e ZdG Y J CG ``j i``NCG ``M ``ah ;M``dG h``J
?jhe b dEG dG e

:HdG dG d
:dG
:bdG :SG 452
4 f dEG T J
b dEG dG Gg J J g
?He

:HdG dG d :HdG dG d :HdG dG d

:dG :dG :dG
:bdG :SG 456 :bdG :SG 455 :bdG :SG 454
3 HQCG HQCG dEG dG J 1 HQCG HQCG dEG dG J
dEG G``g dG ``T ``T ``bQ ``J
u CG ``j ``dG Gg ``J Y MCG IY``e ``J g
``d ``VJ CG ``J ``g ,``He ``bCG ``HQCG ?He bCG HQCG dEG L M j dG
?jdG

2 HQCG HQCG dEG dG J

``bCG ``HQCG ``dEG ``dG G``g ``J ``J ``g
?He

1000 Game .indb 174 2/16/16 10:20 AM

 175 dG d dG

:HdG dG d :HdG dG d
:dG :dG
:bdG :SG 459 :bdG :SG 457
bYdG Y 1 dG TCG
g .H a JJ fEa ,bYdG J eY e b e TCG H J
c J H e LS KK Vh J Gg ``J ``J g .I``MGh ``H
?H UdG dG hCG u dG a e IMGh ?He e b dEG dG

:HdG dG d
:dG
:bdG :SG 458
2 dG TCG

:HdG dG d
:dG
:bdG :SG 460
(ffdG) jZEG dG b
e Jee b e ffdG dG j
.(jhe bCG HQCG dEG
jH He jCGL dEG dG Gg J j
,ec jZ EG U jd JJ IOYEG a ``j
?jdG g dEG UdG J a

d j CG ``j ?e ``TCG ``HQCG ``d ``dG k e jYh HQCG dEG ``e s dG Z dG Gg

fCG Y TCG Y jh ,MGh d TCG e ``T ``g ,``HQCG G``dCG ``e ``MGH ``e c ``d ,``k He
.NBG d fk GQhO hCG SfG
k fc d M He ``dG Gg OhM NGO ``dG ``JJ IO``YEG ``J

1000 Game .indb 175 2/16/16 10:20 AM

 dG dG d 176

:HdG dG d :HdG dG d
:dG :dG
:bdG :SG 462 :bdG :SG 461
dG J HdG
Hs e dEG jZEG d Ea ,SCG a fdG SdG a Ve g c
``dG G``g ``J ``j ``g dG dG a IOLdG ``dG HHdG e HHP
``j AG``LCG ``J ``dEG ``jZEG .jb Nh OYh U a gMh J CG a
``N u d iNCG Ie k e ``L He a``e a HHP K jJ ``J g
G k``MGh ``k He hCG I``U ``Hs e -``jb IQ``H hCG v ` SCGQ hCG ,``v aCG -``a ``MGh
?Gk c a gMh J CG a H HHP c J H
.jb N h OYh U

:HdG dG d :HdG dG d
:dG :dG
:bdG :SG 465 :bdG :SG 463
H dG dG e dEG f jJ
,bCG HQCG dEG VCG hdG dG Gg bo g .bCG S dEG ShDhQ S e fdG dG bo
.H e AG``LCG UJ dG AG``M ``dG k
?e e d bCG g J IOYEG J
AGLCG bH cs Mh ,``k HK QRCG AdG ``cJ GPEG
AG``LCG ``JJ IO``YEG ``a ,``Je ``M
jJ ``J a ,GkjL ` k `T d iNCG Ie
?jdG dG

:HdG dG d
:dG
:bdG :SG 464
He dEG He J
``dG ``HdG ``J ``J ``g
OY ``bCG dEG ``N ``a ``N ``e
He e u S dG bCG e
,``HQCG ``a ``HQCG ``e s ` e hCG
e KK a ``KK e s e ``fdGh
?IdG HdG

1000 Game .indb 176 2/16/16 10:20 AM

 177 dG d dG

:HdG dG d :HdG dG d
:dG :dG
:bdG :SG 467 :bdG :SG 466
SGS T dEG e jJ
AG``LCG ``Jd ``jW ``dEG ``UdG ``j ``g
,K ?``VCG h``e k e H ``d ``fOCG ``dG
k H d AGLCG g L IOYEG ``J g
T
?v SGS

UGdG T
d hdG T a GQk e UdG LQ j CG j
a c
m bh eeCG dh ,dN e UGdG Qh``H
.GvL S dG CG dG e dG MCG d
a ,``SCG dEG YCG e Q``dG dEG UdG ``J g
?dG Y e e OY bCG

:HdG dG d
:dG
:bdG :SG 468
Hs e KK dEG He jJ
a ``S e ``dG ``HdG G``g ``J ``J ``g
jJ LCG ``e ,eRdG ``dG e OY ``bCG ``dEG ``S
K KK a KKh S a S e J UCG Hs e
?KG a KG

1000 Game .indb 177 2/16/16 10:20 AM

 dG dG d 178

dG FdG hCG e IMGh fch ,ahe L
CG ;(Diophantine) ajdG OdG jf e
,ec bQCG G``SH i``S J dG OdG
.OGYCG jfh SdG H d e HGQ Ggh
h``J ``SQZa ``jf ``cDJ ,v` Sg
``Fb ``e ``Jh ``eCG ``He ``SQ ``Y ;M``dG
e``Se He M``e h``J M``e jhGdG
F``dG iMEG VJ M ,jNBG dG ``eCG
UdH ITe eCG Gg (469 d fG) dG
AGLCG ``dEG ``jdG ``HdG ``d ``jW ``dEG
l M Lj .cCG He jd iNCG Ie L ``j
J ``SH oj ,dC` dG d GvL Lh l jH
``j ``M ,(470 ``d ``fG) (Perigal) ``jH
dG ``SdG HdG ``jh ,k``S He UCG jQZdG ``KdG ``dEG ``Ud ``edG I``YdG
.f dGh dH AGLCG HQCG dEG
SQZa jf
KK G``SH jhGdG ``Fb e ``SQ ``j SQZa dEG HdG jdG SdG jf
.SQZa jd kW c,b,a GWCG dG dG jdG ``e jf ``g (Pythagoras)
,H ``H ae -``bCG ``Y- ``T c ``j
:C ,dG S Y
``a ``jPdG ``dG ``H ``bdH ``J ``gh
32 + 42 = 52 .JdG j dG ddG dGh jhGdG Fb e
Fb e IQhdH ``g 5 h 4 h 3 jGhR ``e Jh G``WCG He -Q``e jdG ``g ``f
Gfc jdG ``e a M``dG CG ``b .``jhGdG dG G``WCG He ``e h``j FdG ``dG
``Y KG dEG `k `M G``bh ``bdG ``g ``aj :RedH JCj a Ve g c - jNBG
dG SH j e G``d ;H jh``e GkAL
a2+b2=c2
ec Fb jGhR SQ a eSG dG dG
.kjJ c h jPdG dG W g b,a EG ``M
.JdG W g
(5- :IjY iNCG ``KQZa KK ``LJ
.``c ``e ``KG ``gh (17-15-8) h 12-13) ?dd dG dG e dh
fCG J ``jdG g ,O``dG i``dG Y

:HdG dG d :HdG dG d
:dG :dG
:bdG :SG 470 :bdG :SG 469
VjdG dY - jH d dG dG
fEG Sd H IGOCG jdG e a MdG eG
dG ``T G``dCH dG ``Se ``HdG `u `Z fe M :cG e ``jb jhGdG Fb ``e
``dG ``HdG ``d `u `Z ``K ,``jOQdGh AG``dG .jk h``e GAk L ``Y KCG dEG dH ``e M e
NCG GdG ``J H ``J g .QRCG ``HdH 5:4:3 YVCG ``f e jd dG GhOa eY

?dG HdG Ad Lh dG AGLCG .Fb fc jhGR cCG CG GaY

dEG ``SCG a ``dG AGLCG cJ ``J ``g
gh ?jhGdG Fb ``dG YCG jdG ``HdG
a ``f ``dG AGLCG cJ ``dP H ``j
c GPEG ?jhGdG ``Fb dG ``SCG cCG MGh ``He
dG GdG ``a ,JdG c J ``feEG ``a
?JG

1000 Game .indb 178 2/16/16 10:20 AM

 179 dG d dG
Y dG ``b ``VH QhO ``NCjh ,``fk d ``Y c Q``j
J CG ``j :ehdG ``d Gk c ``J ``jH ``dG
.``f dH - Ic hCG I``U - IQh``dG ``HdG
``Y c ``j .``Vd ``fOCG ``VdG ``dG ``fG
eY Q``NG ``dG dH ``c He c ``Y ``f ``Y
dG e ``bCG Y He e ``j e k v u ` j
b ``d ``feEG CG ``J ``M ``dG ``Jh .``f
dG e O``Y cCG Y j ``dG ``YdG .``aVEG
j dG Yd RdG j OdG dM a ,FdG g
.WTCG e e OY bCG Y
1000 Game .indb 179
:HdG dG d
:dG
:bdG :SG 471
(Pythagorino) jQZa d
e ``dGh ``g I``jdG ``ehdG ``d ``d ``j
Je ``Hs e ``KK :U``TCG ``KK ``SQZa ``jf
dG b JCJ .bdG heh jhGdG Fb e M
``N
e ``e ``Ye ``a h``dGh ``dG ``jQZdG
.UCGh QRCGh MCG :g ,GdCG KK
UCG HdG iRG``J H ``dG Y dG ``VJ
.QbCG e IdG HdG iRGJh ,``dG N e
jQZa d Y e
d 6h MCG ``d 6 g dG d ``dG ``fc
OdG MCG dG R``j .UCG ``d 5h QRCG
G``SH JG I``dG AG``dG ``HdG C
dG Y (``a j``T) W``TCG e OY ``bCG
J dhdG IdG HdG CG M .QRCG
k
.Rd Wf
2/16/16 10:20 AM
 dG dG d 180

:HdG dG d :HdG dG d
:dG :dG
:bdG :SG 473 :bdG :SG 472
f dEG e jJ ShDhdG SN f HQCG
jYh HQCG e VCG he dG Gg j ShDhdG SN HQCG dG bo
,``a ``dEG ``dH .``He ``jhGdG ``Fb ``k e a ,jk h``e GAk ``L ``Y KG ``dEG
JJ IO``YE jW ``dEG ``UdG ``J ``g d AGLCG JJ IOYEG J
?ShDhQ H ec f jJh AGLCG I``c I``MGh ``f
?ShDhdG SN

:HdG dG d
:dG
:bdG :SG 474
Ic f jd AGLCG g JJ IOYEG j ,GAk ``L
jd jW dEG UdG ``J g .``ShDhdG ``SN
ShDhdG SN f
?dG g ``Y ``fK ``dEG ``ShDhdG ``SN ``dG ``g ``b

1000 Game .indb 180 2/16/16 10:20 AM

 181 dG d dG

:HdG dG d :HdG dG d :HdG dG d

:dG :dG :dG
:bdG :SG 477 :bdG :SG 476 :bdG :SG 475
e dEG IFGO jJ SdG TCG e dEG T T jJ
``f ``d Q``La G``SH ``dG G``g ``SQo IQ``H ``k e ``fdG ``dG AG``LCG ``g ``aGJ jd ``dG T ``M AGLCG ``J ``J ``g
KK ``dEG IFGdG ``J ``J ``g .``k HK ``b ``T hCG ``He ``jd ``L ``j ``M .``ge ?e
jd a AGdG AGLCG L K ,e b g ;VCG RGe hCG dG eY hCG ``e hCG ``e
?e ?TCG g jd jW dEG UdG J

:HdG dG d :HdG dG d
:dG :dG
:bdG :SG 479 :bdG :SG 478
YJo dG S
VCG
K ,VCG YJ dG fG
,GAk L Y ``N dEG b
JJ IO``YEG ``J g
``KK ``jd AG``LCG
YJ UCG TCG
k G VCG
?jC

ShDhdG SN dG
FGLCG dEG ``bh ShDhdG SN dG ``fG
AGLCG ``g JJ IOYEG j g .``Y ``dG
VCG IY e d He ``TCG HQCG jd
?(VCG IY e e VCG Oe)
R``dCG ``LCG ``g ``TCG ``dEG ``dG ``jJ R``dCG
H J a ;AgO gcCGh SdG ``dG
J e k da ,AG``LCG e e OY ``bCG ``j
k
.r Xe Lh k SJ

1000 Game .indb 181 2/16/16 10:20 AM

 dG dG d 182

HG GMh J
,g Ve cCG He HG GMh J Ff aCG
.He IY dEG He e G CGJh
TCG Ae
``dG ``J n = 6 or 7 or 8 or 9 ``fc GPEG ,adCe IQ``Y ``g (Y ``NGO ``Y)
``j ``eY ``dh ,i``NCG ``M CG ``e ``ac VaG ?sHe NGO sHe IQY Y GPe dh
HdG ``J ``a ,sHe I``Y A``e ``Y j dG ``HdG ``HdG ``e GkO``Y ``jd sCG
fc GPEG BG ``M j ``MCG fCG e ``aCG `v `M cC M UCG ``e ,c MGh He NGO ``J
J jW hCG J aCG J IaGdG dG e ``UCG ``HdG ``e O``e O``d ``j ``He
.aCG jH d Ie HdG ``J ``e ``Z c GPEGh ?``NGJ hO
``dG C ;``jOY dC` dG ``J ``gY ,``UCG
HU jGJ ,``cCG HdG OY c ``c dh ,dC` dG ``HU ``e ``jj ``HdG ``H
``f HdG OY c GPEG EG ,``cCG ``dG ``e .Ya cCG M QH jC k G j
A``e F``e ``LJ .G``gh 25 hCG 16 hCG 9 CG ;``k He
J oj ,sHe ``HQCG dEG He dM ``a
``J dG F``dG UNh ``e ``e i``NCG
``Hs e ``N ``d ``dh ,ih``L GP ``HdG
m e T a FGhO Ae t oj .dG Z dH
``J CG a ,J hO ``e cCG ``He ``NGO
H``dG F``dG jC
k G Jh ,dP Y ve `k `e ``HdG ``e G``e ``K ``WCG ``VCH ``k He
cCG dG ;``HUcCG jhdG ``TCG Ae e a ``dG HdG ``NOCG .``HdG ``NGO IC` s dG
``Z ``dG ``fc GPEG ``a ``dh ,``ahe ``ac HdG V W j CG jh ,dG IQ``TEG ``T
``jh ,``eZ
k Gk` eCG G``J ``a ,``aCG ``dG Y ``J j .``V d I``Mh 2^828 ``dG
M dEG G``Uj ``d fCG ``VjdG A``Y ``e ;cdG ``HdG ``J ``dM a ``a ``aCG A``e
.H oj d eCG dh ,aCG .IMh 2^707 cCG HdG d j gY

:HdG dG d
:dG
:bdG :SG 480
1 dG CeG
dG UCG HdG a k He ``Y MCG Ae j
``VCG ``e I``e 3^877083 ``H ``cCG ``YVCG
j :``JYb ``Ju G ``j .``UCG ``HdG
HdG OhM RhJ CG AG``dG HdG ``e C
a ,HdG e CG NGJ CG Rj h ,``UCG
?M dEG UdG J

1000 Game .indb 182 2/16/16 10:20 AM

 183 dG d dG

:HdG dG d
:dG
:bdG :SG 481
dG UUdG bCG
``Sh dG AGM UUQ ``bCG ``S Lj ,``dG a
W Y ``bCG b GPEG ,``dG A``bQR ``UUQ ``bCG
``dG jCG AdG ``VGe jJ `s `Jh ``SdG ``dG
CG dd ``S g ,``dG a ``dG ``jCG AdG e
dG W Y IQdG b K gQU ?GJ e a ``KCJ
.dG

:HdG dG d :HdG dG d
:dG :dG
:bdG :SG 483 :bdG :SG 482
dG d
m ` HQCG ``dEG ``SCk GQ ``Y ``KG GP ``dG ``g ``bo
jd ``dG JJ IO``YEG j ``g .k ` b j``Yh
?SCk GQ Y KG e d UCG f K

:HdG
SCk GQ Y KG
r e fe f :dG
dG d
,``SCk GQ ``Y `r `KG ``e ``fdG ``dG ``g ``fG :bdG :SG 484
IOYEG J g .GAk L jYh HQCG dEG ``bh
e ``d UCG ``f K ``jd AG``LCG ``JJ dG SQ
?SCk GQ Y KG dG ``SdG a ``dG N ``e
jJ ``J ``g ,``dG ``a
G``MdG ``dH ``e c M``e
``jCGdG CG ?``dG ``a ``HdG
g ?``cCG ``g ``SdG ``e ``JBG
AGLCG CG ``dG MCG dG ``g
?k e eO GPEG dG e dG

1000 Game .indb 183 2/16/16 10:20 AM

 dG dG d 184

Hs e dEG dG
s dGh HdG
,IY G``d ``M ``Y c ``fCG ``ShOjCG G``H k ``e hCG (Perfect) k eJ ``dGh ``HdG c ``a ``dG ``Y ``VjdG A``Y ``j
GSG jdG VjdG AY e ja UJ dh J dG ``dG hCG ``HdG) .sHe ``dEG ``SM Y dG hOj fhj ``eYh ,``e
dEG ``FHdG ``FGhdG jf ``e ``FdG H``dG Ggh ,bf ``J He d ``fdG ``HdG ,``dGh ,HdGh ,``bQCG u`` nY jW ``Y
HQCG e ``J dG He .dG ``HdG Gg ``e :dH ``H ``ShOjEG N ,(dG ``j ``eCG uM dEG de ,VCG jRGe TCGh ,dGh
g c ,``dG ``Heh ``e ``k He j``Yh GkKCe ``j ``HQh ,``e ``eCG ``dG G``g EG .dG
a dh ,``de sHe ``UC ``S WCG ``eM ``J ``j ``T CG sCG ``dG ``dH
jEG ``cfdG ``VjdG ``dY ``UJ 1978 ``Y a Hj ``M I``U ``s e ``dEG ``e CG ``VjdG ``dY ``W ,1934 ``Y ``a
M dEG (A.J.W.Duijvestijn) ``LhO HO L ``J g ``M ``aCG sCG ``ShOjEG ``jh ,``e dG dCe (Paul Erds) ShOjEG hH dG
vFL kHe j``Yh G kMGh M J M ,aCG KG H``j CG hO e UCG sHe dEG ``e sHe dEG e hCG He J j g :JBG
.(185 U fG) .a .e ``g ``J .?``e ``KG H``j ``H ``UCG

:HdG dG d
:dG
:bdG :SG 485
h h h h h h h h ``dGWCG ``dG ``VCG Hs e ``J e bCG dEG ``J j ``e Lj
18 15 14 10 9 8 7 4 1
Hs e dEG e e
? UdG g e J e jJ j g .IMh e UCG j -dG dG - e H
GP ,``fOCG Ve ``g c ,``HdG ``e ``dG G``g ``e UCG

1000 Game .indb 184 2/16/16 10:20 AM

 185 dG d dG
Y``j d dhCG ``ddG ``HdG ``dLEG
:Gkc eCG a
12+22+32+42+ .....+24 =4900=70
2 2
Hd ``MdG ``dLEG ``dG g G``g
jJ VdG) ec He dEG OD` J dG ``ddG
J d dC` e ``f gh ,OGYCG jf ``a ``U
``Sg dC` e eCG G``g QKCG ``bh .(``jW I``d
CG ``j g :adG ``SdG RdCG ``LCG ``e
a ``k de ``k He j``Yh ``HQCG hCG A``e ``T
GPEG .He I``Mh ``S a ``S e j He
.486 d fG ,dP hJ CG jJ c
1000 Game .indb 185
jZ OJ
Ae ``SSCG Y J RdCG e nd BG ``M
a dG CGHh ,``He Heh FGhOh ``TCG
dMG gdG dEG JCJh ,He Z sHe Ae
3h 2 h 1 dGWCG ``VCH He ``Hs e G``SG
g .e ``M dEG J ``M ,``dP ``dEG ``eh ....4h
jh ,dG G``g H ``J j He ``Lj
?UCG sHe e
, keJ dG HdG CS HdG fc GPEG
j ``dHh ,``Fe IQ``H ``VJ CG ``j ``a
; kU GkO``Y LQdG HdG ``V ``W ``j CG
``HdG M``e ``dLEG ``j CG ``j ``ddh
.kHe f IdG
:HdG dG d
:dG
:bdG :SG 486
HdG jOhe
e CGJ He VCH k He j``Yh HQCG M``e J
jh .He IMh e Jh BG HQCG ,IMh 24 Mh 1
.He IMh 4,900 gQb Me Q``dG dEG dCG d
hO e k He j``Yh HQCH ``MdG J ``J ``g
HdG ``Vho ,A``d IY``e Y ``d ?``NGJ
.idG
Ye j ``ddG HdG ``e bCG OY Lj ``g
k k He
?ec
2/16/16 10:20 AM
 dG dG d 186

HdG He
I``U ``Hs e ``e ``j ``dG ``HdG sEG
j) .``J He ``SG ``Y ``j ``e ``H
L I``dG HdG ``VCG G``WCG ``J CG
MGh e J ``He UCG jh .(``U GkOG``YCG
2, 4, 6, g HdG ``g VCGh ,kHe j``Yh

7, 8, 9, 11, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 24, 25, 27, 29,

``c ``g ``SdG ``j .I``Mh 50h ,33, 35, 37, 42

P c MGh He jd ke HdG g ``VJ
.IMh 112 e VCG

:HdG dG d
:dG
:bdG :SG 487
dG Z HdG
(Imperfect Square)
OLh e ,UCG Hs e dEG J dG HdG Y j
Y ;ec Z Hs e ,f dG d cCG hCG He
He dEG 33 ``He ``jv CG dG e ,``dG ``S
``HQh .``bCG ``S ``H 11 ``Hs e ``Nh 22
Hs e ``Sh 33 ``He dEG 44 ``He ``J h``J
Hs e HQCG a j ``S fOCG dG dh ,11
.22
G``WCG ``dG ``HdG ``J CG ``dG ``e ,``Y ``LH
HdG Jh ,ec Z He m LhR OGYCG YVCG
.cCG f ``Y Ik e jOa OG``YCG YVCG G``WCG ``dG
``dG ``HdG ``bu ,``dc ``eCG ``j ``c ``adh
``eJ ``Z ``Hs e ``dEG ,I``Mh 11, 12, 13, 14 ``YVCG
.dG e OY bCH (imperfect)

1000 Game .indb 186 2/16/16 10:20 AM

 187 dG d dG

:HdG dG d :HdG dG d
:dG
:bdG :SG 489 :bdG
:dG
:SG 488
dG Z HdG J dG HdG
u ` oJ k He ``k He ``Y ``N CG dG ``e K e fs dG dG TCG J CG dhM GPEG
Ve g c ,I``Mh 1313 e j J ``Z S ,IMh 44 e fe Md Y He GMh
J a ,55 HdG MCG dRCG GPEa ,g Ea M c ``Yh ,``e He k FGO ``g ``j
ev J k He ``d bdG HdG ``J IOYEG K M``e ``j ``dG ``TCG ``e ``T c
?IMh 1212 e fk e dh ,IMh I``Y ``S Y MdG Jh ,GMh
CG a ``dG HdG Gg j CG dG e g
?MdG g Y e e

:HdG dG d
:dG
:bdG :SG 490
J Z e
k ``UH dG ``T G``SG jW ``Y
,dO
j dG VCG hdG dG Gg ``b u
e dEG IMh 11 e YVCG e c W
dG dG ``d OY ``UCG e .``UCG
?ec f Y dG S

1000 Game .indb 187 2/16/16 10:20 AM

 dG dG d 188

:HdG dG d :HdG dG d
:dG :dG
:bdG :SG 492 :bdG :SG 491
11 ``e c ,``a 8 ``jd
1 bdG e dCe hdG Ae
?IMh
gd I``dG F``dG ``e c IMh 60 Me fOCG fdG I``dG OhdG ``J
``J ``dG G``MdG ``M ``H jOdG ``a OhdG g RQ ``J ``g .``He
dEG 2 ``H ,ehdG e ,``fGL e hU c ``j dG AdG I``dG ``KdG
``e ``d F``dG ``g ``MCGh .1 Cs Gh ,OhdG ``NGH ``j H ,GkOW j``d
``j CG A``d ``H ``M ;``bdG ? S e cCG hU CG a Vj
dG ``e OY ``cCG A``d ``kn jW
G``Mh ``jW ``Y 11 G``WCH
``JJ ``J ``g .21 G``WCH
21 ``dG GP I``dG G``MdG
?I``Mh 48 ``e ``fe ``T ``Y

:HdG dG d
:dG
:bdG :SG 493
2 bdG e dCe
``ehdG ``b ``JJ ``J ``g
d 48 Md Y I``Y iMpEG
?a Y

:HdG dG d
:dG
:bdG :SG 494
3 bdG e dCe
``ehdG ``b ``JJ ``J ``g
d 85 ``Md ``Y I``Y ``HQCG
?a IY KG
r

1000 Game .indb 188 2/16/16 10:20 AM

 189 dG d dG
:HdG dG d
:dG
:bdG :SG 496
SGdG dG Ae
jW ``Y ``e ``SGS ``T A``e ``J ``g
Y ``VdG ``dG ``e ``f ``S G``SG
dG Gg ``S bh .HQdG ``MCG ``j ,`k `b
GkAL UH ``SG fCG LQd vjgL `` kegG
William) ``ce ``jd ``eYEG ``dG ``e
.SFdG Hfd TJ a (McKinley
jdG ``dG e JCG G``dG Qh``Hh
hdGh (Melville Stover) a``S e dG
CG``d ``e G``J Gh``HGh ,``dG G``g ``Z
ee H ``SGh .IdG R``dCG e ``dGh
HQCG jd - ``dG jRdG ``jW jC k G ``dG
dEG jeCG QhO 100 ``e c ``b ,IQ``Ja I``Y
dEG ``e c J ``jW Y IQ``Ja I``Y ``N
ZdG Yh .``ddH ``jCGdG MCG ``dh ,``jCGL
``dG ``e c ``fCG EG ,``v e c ``KCdG CG ``e
. keJ ffb Z ch - Me
1000 Game .indb 189
:HdG dG d
:dG
:bdG :SG 495
4 bdG e dCe
Y j``dGh ``dG ehdG b ``JJ ``J ``g
?a jYh xS d 108 Md
?QdG
TdG dG
dG hd Y J IQb dG ``J ``ghCGh ``jdG ``dG ``e ``J
``YoCG ``dG ``dG ``a ``dG G``d ``dG GdG G``g ``S sC ;``gfG ``L ``a ``jQdG
GOjdG Me Y dG J e IOYh ,cJ Ye ``dh ,Y``H ``e M ``dEG `` kVGh ``j
G``WCG ``a hCG AG``LCG ``H G``dG ``a ``dG ``bdG) ``SH ``ahdG Q``dG ``e ``FGQ
CG ``SdG j dd ;J YoCG dG AG``LCG GdG a J fCG LQd e J (``SdG
.f dG hCG MdG d c .Y jW T H M ICLdGh
RdCG e (Sam Loyd) jd S c d AGLCG ``J ``SdG ``bdG ``J
eh ,(Parcheei ``JQH eh) ``jeCG cJ IO``YEG ``Hh ,``JJ IO``YEGh ``ec M``e
e h``dG ``SGh ``YdG ``g ``a ``d ``TCG ``dG e AL ``j ,ec ``fCG h``j ``a ``dG
,(481 ``dG ,HJ CG ``J ``NG) ``VQCG
.UCG
``Ub ``jh ,1896 ``Y ``a ``YNG ``bh
``gJG ``MCG ``a .``e ``ce ``a ``e RdCG ``Y Y j a ``dG ``j
``Y ``j ``Hk Qe ``Y ``KK ``UdG ``j CGe (Martin Gardner) ``fOQL ``JQe ``jeCG
``YCG ``UdG Qh``j ``eY ``dh .``VQCG ``cc .dG jRdG
2/16/16 10:20 AM
 dG dG d 190

:HdG dG d :HdG dG d
:dG :dG
:bdG :SG 498 :bdG :SG 497
J Z VCG RGe e a e
YVCG GWCG VCG RGe e ``T Z ``Fb b``dG jh``e ``d ``eCG ``HQCG ``g
``g ,``dG ``g ``JG ``jW ``Y .2019 Ve ``eh HH ``v FL eo ``jhGdG
KK ``dEG VCG RG``e ``J ``J dG g CG a cJ CG J g .SCG a
CG ``j ,``VCG h``e ``k e ``Y Y a ,dG e AL cCG fdG TCG J
M``dG d cCG hCG e a j ?dEG dG jW
?f

:HdG dG d
:dG
:bdG :SG 499
e Z e
Vh j h ,H``e ``Z ``dG ``dG g
.jRGe HdG VCG fc GPEG NBG NGO e CG
u ` oJ ``dG ``dG ``g CG ,``dP ``e ``cCGh
``Z ``e ``e ``j CG ``j ``e ``UCG
.ec f Y He
a ``dG ``dG ``J ``J ``g
?cCG MGh e

1000 Game .indb 190 2/16/16 10:20 AM

 191 dG d dG

(Polyminoes) IOdG ehdG b

``TCG ``g ``Y GkO``YG ``FGQ F``eh ``Hk dCGh L ``J ``dGh -G``gh ,``dG ``HdG e d (IOdG ehdG b) RddG
.jY Qd .(IOdG ehdG b) (Polyminoes) RddH IOe WH hCG AG``LCG e dCJ jdG h``dG
IOdG ehdG ``b a dG dG ``e a IOdG ``ehdG b dC` e hCG ``X JJ He JMh e WdG Jh ,d
``e O``e O``Y ``e ``gDhH ``j ``dG ``dG aGdG VjdG cP j BGh ,1907 Y e OH He c jh ,``e V IGPH
ehdG b ,dG ``S Y ;HdG G``MdG IOdG ehdG b dEG IQ``TpEG hO e R``dCGh adGh - ``VjdG AY dh ,``dG e
d KdG ``ehdG ``bh ,e ``MGh ``T d c Y dCG dG SdG ehdG b UNh jW Y ``SSCG ehdG ``T GhQsW -gZh
ehdG ``d ``TCG 5 ``LJ dh .``a ``T .Ic f Y ``HdG G``MdG g ``e ``jdG ``aVEG
dch ,SdG ehdG d T k 12 h YHdG .He
ehdG ``b) ``SGdG ehdG ``d ` k `T 12 aJ ``fc ``dEG ``TCG ``g I``T OJ
JQG ``dP eh ,(``He G``Mh u``S ``e ``fdG ``edL ed``S :``g ``LQ ``dEG ``Jh ``KdG ``ehdG ``b ``g ``dG ``fch
Y``dG ehdG d ``TCG 108 :vjQJ OdG ,1953 Y a YNG dG (Solomon Golomb) GP YHdG ehdG bh ,KdG ``HdG GP
k 368h dG
. fdG ehdG d T GkRdCG b dG (Martin Gardner) fOQL JQeh GP ``SdG ``ehdG ``bh ,``HQCG ``HdG

:HdG dG d :HdG dG d
:dG :dG
:bdG :SG 501 :bdG :SG 500
OhdG HdG s dG b OhdG IOdG ehdG b
HQCG Hs e HQCG Hd e W J fOCG ``dG Vj
jW H .e ``YHQ ehO b 5 ``VJ ``J .J f Y YVCG Hd Ke
``Y) ?44 ``He ``Y ``Vh ``j ``e IMGh ehO b ehO b VCG ``Hd c ``dG ``dG O``jEG ``J ``g
.(ak NG t J SfGh jhdG ?He Hs e N

He ehO b HQCG
e ehO b K
dG Y ehO b K

e ehO b HQCG

ehO b HQCG
L M g Y
T M g Y ehO b HQCG

Fe ehO b HQCG

1000 Game .indb 191 2/16/16 10:20 AM

 dG dG d 192

:HdG dG d :HdG dG d
:dG :dG
:bdG :SG 504 :bdG :SG 502
dG NOEG HdG dG
a Vh ``J dG I``dG ``TCG OY ``e ,``SdG ``HdG ``dG ``d ``a
?NGJ hO e cCG dG fe k T S Y e SCG jo
``j .``Hs e I``Y ``a I``Y ``e
IMGh c) UGZ ``HQCG :e ``SCG
c) G``ee ``Kh ,(``He ``a ``e
c) aGWh ,(He a e IMGh
LQHh ,(Hs e ``KK a e I``MGh
V .(Hs e ``HQCG a) IMGh ``HM
``H ``dG ``Y ``HdG ``dG
k G ``eJ h ,``H ``J
``jGhR ``jC
dG JJ J g ,BG .JHe
j H ``dG Y IdG ``dG
a HdG LQdG Vh ``dG e
?dG g Y e CG

:HdG dG d
:dG
:bdG :SG 503
dG HdG d :VdG
vCG d a ,gG Qe fc ``a b e a ``g
jdG ``KCdG dG G``g j ?``HZ Mj ``d G k``MCG
e ce A``L dGREG ``j :``Sg IQ``U ``a ``f
.OLe Z fCG G kHCG MJ dh ,dG
d jv QhV Gk eCG WdG jdG hCG dG N t J
Y dG AGLCG ``fG W``H ;``SdG GdG g
HCG HdG d c AGLCG ``SG .s c bh u
NCGh UCG HdG RCG K ,ec f Y dG dEG
.HCG HdG Y dG AGLCG J YCGh ,dG
jW Y iNCG Ie MdG J j fCG J S
.a f Y f PdG
?bk Qa FGdG HdG j d GPd

1000 Game .indb 192 2/16/16 10:20 AM

 193 dG d dG

:HdG dG d
:dG
:bdG :SG 505
-dG OhdG s e b RdCG
1 - 6 (Pentomino) edG
dG fdG ``SdG ehdG b G``SG jW ``Y
TCG c OjpEG J g ,508 d a gOjpEG j
fe T c a I``Y KG ``SdG ehdG b
1 d 2 d 3 d Ve J ``j d dG ``HdG) ?IMh 88 ``e
.AGLCG ``SfH ``e ``fn CG ``M .(O``SCG ``dH
ehdG b ``M Nv ``SQG ,s c bGdG J ``eYh
.c SdG

4 d 5 d 6 d

:HdG dG d
:dG
:bdG :SG 506
T M g Y dG
e ``j ``Ke ``T ``g T ``M ``g ``Y ``dG
``dGh .``L ``dEG ``k L ``JdG ``HdG G``Mh
VCG ``KH Je gMCG ;``Hs e ``HQCG d ``UCG
``KK ``a ``J ``cCG ``HdGh .``cdG ``HdG
He aVEG jW ``Y :JQG Gg e GAk H ``gJG
GQd He aVEG jW Y hCG ,fGdG ``e W ``d
.OdG
WH IY KG
r hCG EG
Zh T ``M ``g ``Y
.``g ``Ve ``KdG
``J ``J ``g
e fe ``T ``a c
?``NGJ hO ``e 1515
dhd ``e g Ve
P ``He ``Vd ``Ta
.WH IY K

1000 Game .indb 193 2/16/16 10:20 AM

 dG dG d 194

:HdG dG d :HdG dG d
:dG :dG
:bdG :SG 508 :bdG :SG 507
edG s e b GdCG d He e
OhdG SN GP ``UCG ``WdG O``Y ``M ``j ``g
``SdG ehdG ``b ``TC ``fd ``f ``aVEG EG ``f A``d ``J ``dG AG``dG ``HQCG ``HdG
e ,e I``jL RdCGh ``dC dG ``j ``jdG ?S ch ?eJ IQH cCG He
ehdG ``b VJ .``T j dG G``dCG ``d
HQCG H f``T Md Y h``dH fdG ``SdG
``SN ehO b ch .dG a e Hs e
-bCG Y- ej H VJ CG s H H dG j
YdGh .f dG d dG HdG V e e V
k W ``dG Vh ``Y GQk O``b j ``dG ``NCG
jH ``d gh .``FdG g ``j ``YGdG ``d
``j CG ``dG ``e ``j ``M ;`k `b ``e
dG ``J H jdG H dG ``YdG
d GP SdG ehdG d T k IQhdG
.MGh
ehdG ``b ``Vh ``J ``g ,``k jJ ``UH
?MdG g Y IY KG SdG

dG ``dG jW Y ``dG ``SdG ``dG :HdG dG d :HdG dG d

:dG :dG
O``Y ``e .``NGJ hO ``e ``MCGh ``NCGh ``UCG
:bdG :SG 510 :bdG :SG 509
``SCG OY e ,``K ?``dP ``SS ``dG ``SCG
IdG ``dG ``SJ ``S dG dG ``SdG
?J S dG SCG OY e .NGJ hO e IdG dG - IdG dG
AGUh AG``Nh AG``M ``S ``fKh I``MGh ``Lj ``dG cCj dG ``dG E` a QGdG ``dG ``j ``c
?IdG dG Ad c SS g - IU T Ae hM ,ddG g U ie adh .dG

dG AdG
``fe A``a ``g ``dG ``dG ``TCG
``ec IQ``H C` J ``Ke ``e ``e ``e
dG ``e Ff OY Ljh ,jk ``e ` k `S
HdGh VCG jh``e dG e - ``dG
k `Uh
GP k e ``k e t ` J ``b dG I``FGdG ``dEG `
OY ``M ``J a .VCG e Ff OY
``dG f Y IQOdG dG dG ``g
.?dG

1000 Game .indb 194 2/16/16 10:20 AM

 
1000 Game .indb 195 2/16/16 10:20 AM
 OGYCG dG d 196

ddGh OGYCG
``TCG e jdG ``Sj fCG H a Lh dN fCG ``dG Aeb Lh ,zGg Qb ``jQCG{ :dGh ``dG ,AedG Y dG fCG Y OGYCG ``c
.dG a eY ``S h - z``N ``jQCG{ :``b ``SCG ``e ``fjdG ``dG ``dY ``Vh ``a :``J G``J h
gY ``j e cCG A``TCG dEG IQ``TEG GhOGQCG dG ``Hd ``fk GY (Martin Rees) ``jQ ``JQe
sCG ``e ``ZdG ``Yh ,H``e IQ``Hh
.dG HUCGh dG HUCH AjdG a FdG jd ``dG a j dG
``SGQO fCG Y `k `UCG ``dEG ``j c ``VjdG
.OGYCG S
,fCG ``Y ``fs CG ``Y BG ``Jo ``fEa ,OG``YCG A``TCG e OG``YCG t ` Jo ,``dP ``Y Ih``Yh
``TCG hCG ,G``dCG hCG ,OG``YCG ``e ``fe ``fcCG AG``S OG``YCG ``J CG ``j PEG ,``J CG ``j ``dG fhdG dEG fG ,VjdG g dG
``g ``fCG ``e ``f ``HCG EG .``NBG A``T CG hCG OGYCG CG e ``ZdG Yh bGdG a ,`` kWfCG ``jC
k G Qh``dG h``dGh ``jdG ``a ``gdG ``dGh
kJJ ``J OGYCG e ``Fb Oe ``gh ,``ddG j fEa ,jOa Ne MCG ``e c a t ` Jo ``dOH ``dG ``Uh ``j ``e ``k da ,``Ud
,(``S) keJ ``cCG de ``Y ``jh ,``k e gJG bGe e J de fCG Y jJ d VjdG HG b fEG C d ,``H
dG GQOEG EG .``ddG ``a OGYCG e ``gh hdG ``Y OG``YCG Y``S .``c IQ``H ``dG VjdG ``fGL ``H OLh ``H dh ,``dH
c ae e uj ``dG hCG ``ddG AGQh ``a Lh fCG ``J Y AdGh VjdG A``Y .f d dG
Ha ,dG id dh ,YdG a NBG ``Y (Fibonacci) ``Jfa ``dGe e ,``dG ``a j``S ``jW - GkR``eQ ``jC
k G OG``YCG t ` Jo h
.ATCG soJ c a e hCk G ``VjQ G``HEG ``gh ,(551 ``dG ``fG) I``dG HUCG QXEG e H
k ,Y jdG hCG ATCG Hd

:HdG dG d :HdG dG d
:dG :dG
:bdG :SG 512 :bdG :SG 511
dG bQCG (TETRAKTYS) YHdG
HGdG ``dG OdG ``Y GWCG ``b ``YJCGh ``SQZa
``Vh ``jW ``Y ``dG ``bQCG O``jEG ``dG ``e ``T ``gh ,``YHdG hCG ,( :``ffdHh)
.(TETRAKTYS) YHdG SG - 10 -
fGdG jh``e e IQ``U a A``TCG e ``Ye :U HQCG a Je f ``Y e j KK
M ``J g ?dG dG a dG A``dG e A``TCG KK VJh ,``MGh A``T ``J ``T ``Vj -
?Y edG dG OdG a IOLdG ATCG OY gh ,``U c a ``f HQCGh ,``K ,``KG ,``MGh
ch .Ggh MGh A``T J YVdG ``dG J .HGdG KdG Od SdG dG
bQ e YHdG g e fJ ATCG I``Y Y
``J ``g .``dG ``a IO``LdG 9 ``bQ ``Mh 0
dN e j dG dG dG OY e ae
hCG ``SfG ``Y Q``YG hO A``TCG ``JJ
?jhdG

1000 Game .indb 196 2/16/16 10:20 AM

 197 dG d OGYCG

:HdG dG d :HdG dG d
:dG :dG
:bdG :SG 515 :bdG :SG 513
a NG ``a jW ``Y ddG ``a QG``SG
?HdG HdG e ?ddG Hs dG H dG
HdG OGYCG dG
hCG g Jh .He ``j ``f j dG OdG EG 100 O``dG Y ``d ``jW ``J CG ``J ``g
J g ,TCG g Y SCG a He OGYCG S ?Ge J 9 bdG ee
k

:HdG dG d
:dG
:bdG :SG 516
dG jOdG e M ``J g ,de e
?49 OdG fj jdG
dG HdG bQCG :HdG dG d
dEG LJ ``FGhO jW Y ,49 gh H``dG ``HdG O``dG :dG
jOY e g He OY c c GPEG .``dG ``j :bdG :SG 514
SGdG dG OGYCG
HQCG hCG ``Vu ho P``dG G``g ``a
CG``J . ``SGS ``TC OG``YCG
h 1 OdH ``g OGYCG ``S
``SGQO ``N ``e .37 h 19 h 7
``TCG OGYCG H bdG
g ,bdG SGdG
cG J
dG OdG
:HdG dG d ?JBG SGdG
:dG
:bdG :SG 517
jOdG Hs dG - dG OGYCG
OGYCG jf ``e a dEG OGYCG ``TCG ``SGQO J
a e e gh ,(VdG dG) Y j
e JBG dG o` TG .Od dG dG OjEG
.dG dP e
e 121 O``dH ``Y OdG ``HdG O``Y ``Uh ``j
bdG ``M ``J ``g .1 + ``dG ``bdG ``VCG Vjh .1111 ``JdG ``e ae ``N e A``TCG
?121 d dOdG a Vj dG dG fK h``j Oa He O``Y ``d CG ``VdG ``dG

1000 Game .indb 197 2/16/16 10:20 AM

 OGYCG dG d 198

:HdG dG d :HdG dG d
:dG :dG
:bdG :SG 520 :bdG :SG 518
HQCG dG KK TCG GP OGYCG
,e``T f Y 40 ``dEG 1 ``e OG``YCG ``dEG ``dH OHCG
OGYCG ``g e O``Y c Y ``dG ``dhe ``J .OGYCG ``dEG ``dH OHCG KK ``Ff ``LJ
hCG oJ ``dG iNCG OG``YCG e ``e fCG ``Y M jW ``Y OGYCG ``g e O``jEG ``jh
CG dG e 3 OdG dG S Y - k e oJ ``KK ``eGgCG IQ``U ``a ``jhdG ``LCG
.1 - 4 j CG j hCG ,2+1 j GkOGYCG VCG KK eGgCG ``J :OHCG
Y J CG j OGYCG HQCG Y QdG J g ``VCG ``YHQ ``eGgCG ``Jh ,``YHQ
IOe fcCG AG``S 40 dEG 1 e OGYCG e OY c .He eg GkOGYCG
?ciNCG ``KdG OGYCG hCG ``H ``e ``e hCG .10 h 4 h 1 g dG YHQ OGYCG KK hCG
CG j O``e OY C ``J c ``a ,``dP ``eh .14 h 5 h 1 g He eg OGYCG KK hCG
Z 5+5 ,dG S Y - IMGh Ie a j
``g .``dG ``c ``a ``aNG ``aG
JBG hdG CeG ,``HLEG e dh .H ``e
?c cEG J
.edG H

SCG YHdG OGYCG HG edG OGYCG

:HdG dG d
:dG
:bdG :SG 519

ZCG tY
c GPEG e J CG ``J g ,ZCG H dG hO
?QdG f CG dG f j ZG e cCG OdG

1000 Game .indb 198 2/16/16 10:20 AM

 199 dG d OGYCG

:HdG dG d :HdG dG d
:dG :dG
:bdG :SG 523 :bdG :SG 521
f H ``ShZ b a ;GD` dG Gg Y HLEd mGK
fGL jf Y AG``LEG Y GD` dG Y ``HLEG e ``Jh ` m `e HdG (Gauss) ShL Y
dG ``j fCG OG``YCG Y IQ``e ``jf ``J c Y e dG H ,Y a ``H H``M ``S ``a (F.Gauss) ``ShL Q``ja Qc c ``eY
,ddG ``a , ``Ye
k ``UH ``U O``Y c ``Y cCG ``e G k``MGh UCG ``M ``H ``bdG ``j ``d ,``ShZ dG e SQdG e W (1783 Y) ``SOdG
Y ``VJ ``j ``e G``gh .``He OG``YCG ``HQC .fdCG a IT VjdGh AdG .100 dEG 1 e OGYCG L
,``dG jg ``aG :fdG ``SdG ``jW
``ShZ H b dG H``dG dG ae ``j ``g a dG ``TEG a eCj c dG dG M A``dh
e gMCG j M
?dG HLEG dEG Ud H i``S ``ShZ dG ``j d ,``SGQdG ``dG
jh He I``Mh 12
I``Mh 15 ``e ``NBG
``J ``g .``He
``j ``c ``VJ
``g ``e ``e c
dG
``HQCG ``e
He
?IU

:HdG dG d
:dG
:bdG :SG 524
c Z
W CG ``Y dG j ``fCG fdG A``eb ``YG
Mh .U jOY e GAk L UH M``e hCG :HdG dG d
dG 1^000390625 ``e ``c ``Z ``bdG c EG :dG
jv ``Y Gk ` c ``UH W``H ``Hc ``dG ``e :bdG :SG 522
a OGYCG QdG g e Y jh .2561/2560 hCG dH 15 ``Ye ``j OGYCG ``KK u j ``dG
.(dG) jdG VjdG Y N dG
.FdG g jo
,jhGdG ``Fb dH YJCGh ``SQZa ``fG ,(NCG hCG MCG) fk d Y c Q``j dG g ``a
?dG d JGSEG aCG SG J g YdGh .QhO c ``a MGh O``Y jJ a QhO ``NCj ``K
Jh ``Sb ``dhe ``dEG ``dG ``SGQO ``JObh
e gh :k L d ``HCG jhGdG FdG ``dG
``eh .``dG ``a jh``e b``S ``J ``M
Z HLEG ``dG Gg e f a ,``dP
.Ieh be
``dG ``jJ ``J ``g
``dG ``Jd ``dG
b``S W j ``M
?IMGh IMh dG
``JCG ``J ``g
?dH dG Gg Sb e SQZa

1000 Game .indb 199 2/16/16 10:20 AM

 OGYCG dG d 200

:HdG dG d :HdG dG d
:dG :dG
:bdG :SG 528 :bdG :SG 525
edG OGYCG dG tY
Y ``j dG c eGY e g dG O``dG dEG 1 e CGJ bQ b M d
bdG J dh ,1 ``bdG a ``H - m``H hO GQ``H MCG ``g ``JJh ,5
1 h ,3, 2 Y ``j M ,6 g J OY hCGh .``f Y N c ``Mj dG e
.3h ,2h ,1 e gh .( , ,- ,+) :HM
.eJ
k GkO``Y KKh ``fK OjEG ``J H ``M ``dEGh MCG ``MCG e CG``J CG ``dG
?fdG dG OdG e ae J a ``d JGQ``e ``H ``Jh
?e cCG Y d HdG
,4- 23 + 5 1 ,dG dG MCG
.cCG OdG t jo h ,7 e J

:HdG dG d :HdG dG d
:HdG dG d :dG :dG
:dG
527 :bdG :SG 526
:bdG :SG 529 :bdG :SG

dG eL jOdG OGYCG e
UGdG JdG j dG eL e UTCG N c GPEG Ye j jOa OGYCG N OjEG J g
HQC k W ``fdG dG ``g JJ e ``e eL OY a , mGK N a MJ N b ?100
:H YGb ?bdG a MJ 60 d dG dG ?100 Ye jOa OGYCG S Y GPe
``dG ``H ``a I``MGh ``c ``J CG ``j .1
.jhGdG
.AbQdG dG hR H c J CG j .2
.AGdG dG hR c K J CG j .3
.AGdG dG hR c HQCG J CG j .4
?dH S c J CG J g

1000 Game .indb 200 2/16/16 10:20 AM

 201 dG d OGYCG

:HdG dG d
:dG
:bdG :SG 530
,``He ``d IO``dG ``WdG ``fc GPEG .(``NCG K ,NCG hCG ``MCG dG YdG Qj .``dGdG ``Y
a ZQa ``fN hCG a ``SCG dEG He ``WdG ``Va Y bdG HW GPEG .I``e c a dG ``dG ``Hhj
OGYCG jT
.dG e AGHG ,SCG dG ,2 j 1 ,CG) ``YdG ``Y ``j ``dG ``bdG ``dG d IcGP d 
jh ,iNCG Ie j ,k HJ YdG j Ie c a IFGdG ``Y Vhh ``WdG ``b ``j ,(``dEG ,3 ``jh
.OGYCG dEG dH JcGP QN H d gh
OdG Y j k FGOh - ``SCG hCG YCG e eEG dG V ,iNCG IQ``Hh) .YdG j``T fL Y ``HdG
u
.Rj OGYCG cCG Hj dG YdGh .ddG HdG YdG c GPEG I``dG AG``dG IFGdG ``Y ``WdG dG AdG Y He k FG``Y WH I``Y K Rh
YdG c GPEG IdG AGdG IFGdG Y hCG ,MCG Jh ,(1) bdG Y dH dG CGJ .dG Md e

:HdG dG d
:dG
:bdG :SG 531
fdG dG d
j CG j ,``dG Y 8 dEG 1 e bQCG ``jRJ ``j
NOEG jh ,O``Yh U c a a IMGh I``e ``bQ c
jdG) .AG``dGh AG``dG ``jdG ``a ``a ``bQCG
gh :aVEG IMGh I``Yb .(ZQa J CG j AG``dG
a IMGh Ie j CG j bQCG e Oe hR c CG
Y dG cdG a GoSG 8-1 hdG C ;dG Y
Ie 1 - 8 hdG hCG 8 - 1 hdG GSG j h ,QdG
.iNCG
``J a ,d ``jCG O``dGh dG ``dG ``e ``bh
?dG J

1000 Game .indb 201 2/16/16 10:20 AM

 OGYCG dG d 202

:HdG dG d
:dG
:bdG :SG 532
dRdG ddG
,Gm K ``K ,fd cd i``NCG Ie I``dG ``cJ GPEG g c ,Fe m ``e ``S e dG AdG Y I``c ``V
dEG ae ``J g ,cM d mGK ``Nh , mGK HQCG fK H ;dhf bh ``Sh IdG JG .``dG a e
?dM c a IdG S jCG Ye a MdG bH O uM .IdG Ve O uM ,IMGh
.IdG a J dG adG

edG OGYCG
8-8-6-6-8-8-6-8-8-8-6-6-6-8- .1782 Y a dc ch fN IY J e kfs o`e ``VH ``She ``SQZa ``JCG c r`` `d
. 6-6-6] edG OGYCG e GvL dG f fCG ``g bQdGh OdG c ``dEG ``da ;bNCG ``jd ``bJ
GSd Ie J Y dG jh .(Euclid) SbEG cG dOe U H dG ``j dG c UCG OGYCG e `` u``n `o `j dG
OdG A``SH dh (1) dP a H , m``H hO ``Y
dG sb GPEG ,dG ``S a ;JdG C` H c GPEG ``fCG ``SbEG ``KCG ``UdG ``Hc ``a ,hCG ``edG O``dG O``jEG Q``dG ``e ch .``f
KK CG f a ,Q``dG L e GkAH ,KK dEG n 1 n n
OY ``g 2 - (2 -1 ) Ea ,vdhCG GkO`` Y ``g (2 - 1) ,2 ,1 `` `g (``f 6 OdG A``SH) 6 O``dG ``eGa
hJ ``a ,``f dG e OG``YCG KK ``Y ``J
eJ OGYCG i``S J ``SbEG dOe Uh .``J .6 Yeh ,3
EG ``d Gg CG CG ,`` `e ``k T fJ CG OG``YCG ``g
?jR Y dG QfG a aU e .eJ jOa OG``YCG CG OLh ``cDdG Z ``eh ,``LhR
H ``j dG `` `g OG``YCG ``e Gv` L ``dGh
200
.(10 ) dG M Uh k e CG Y oj d Ggh
``e ``bCG ``eGY ``e ``j ``dG OG``YCG `` `g ,dG ``S ``Y 12 O``dG ``eGa ;``UdG
e j dG OGYCG `` eCG ,bdG OGYCG soJ i`` NCG jdG FdG e ``jdG ``gh A``SH OGYCG ``J ``eh ,12 h ,(1, 2, 3, 4, 6)
,IFGdG hCG IaGdG OG``YCG ``a e cCG eGY ac ``edG OG``YCa ;edG OG``YCG ``H ``J ``dG . keJ GkOY d 12 OdG Ea dd ;16 `` `g ,12 OdG
.12 ``g IaGdG OGYCG UCGh fdGh .jGhdG KK OGYCG `` `g ,dG S Y ``a dhCG HQCG OGYCG jZEG cG bGdG ah
OG``YCd ``UN ``gCG OG``YCG A``Y ``jh s `o c C ;Gke G kd `u``n `o `J edG OGYCG e INCG .8128 h ,6, 28, 496 :gh CG ,IQOdG OGYCG J e
A``L ``g ``eJ ``jOY hCG CG ``c oP `` b h ,``edG ``k be ,28 hCG 6 bdH ``j `` ` eEG he J O``Y ``eN ``cG ``b ``Y ``dCG ``e ``cCG s ` eh
,jCG S a dG G N M ;dG H a CGj edG OGYCd adG fdG ``Jh .Oa bH ``Y ``a - 33,550,336 `` `gh - ``edG OG``YCG
.k`ej jYh fK s `o c VQCG M dG Qhjh [6-8-6-8-6-6- `` `g ahdG jdGh KdG ,`` `NBG `k `ec GkO``Y (Euler) ``dj ``Lh r``bh .1460

1000 Game .indb 202 2/16/16 10:20 AM

 203 dG d OGYCG

:HdG dG d
:dG
:bdG :SG 533
``S Y (4) h (6) GOdG X GPEG ,dG ``S Y bha e
`` `g ITe SCG JCj CG j dG OdG Ea ,MGh
K k ah fOCG ``dG U dEG OGYCG NOEG ``j
.(2) OdG
Ie EG O`` ` Y t ` `o c j Cs G :``gh ,``dG YGdG ``e
.(3) dEG (1) e OGYCH ``k M UCG dG J J bdG ``H dG O`` ` Y t ` ` c `` `` ` `j CGh ,`` `a IMGh
o un o
,6 dEG 1 e ``bQCH bdG ``dG Ae ``j ``a .ITe ba JCj jdG
?15 dEG 1 e h ,10 dEG 1 eh

:HdG dG d :HdG dG d :HdG dG d

:dG :dG :dG
:bdG :SG 536 :bdG :SG 535 :bdG :SG 534
dG bQCG fdG bdG bYdG X H
CG ``d ``Jh ,I``jL ``e ``bQh ``H ``b GPEG jk he jOdG bQCG e J CG J g ``Jh ,b``YdG G``M ``HH ``HG ``J
.``f bQdG a JOLe 21 h 8 bQ ``dG .a bH jJ N e dPh e c ``X Y b``YO fK Y ``Ye
dG OY OJ CG J g ,dP N e 55% c E` a .dG e dN I``MGhh ,AGM ``H
?IjdG g a IOLdG OY UCG a ,AGU X H d bYdG e
?Yd e

1000 Game .indb 203 2/16/16 10:20 AM

 OGYCG dG d 204

:OGYCG bH
``YdG ``a e``dG OG``YCG ``aG ,Je i``S j O`` ` Y s`` o`c CG e ZdG ``Yh ;H M dEG FdG ``J OGYCG bH
a IOLdGh bH Sh ,``Nh ,HQCG e fdG e MGh bQ Y J bH s`o`c CG f fEa ``S d Oa t ` `o c ,dP ``eh ,``JGH ``e O``a t ` `o a
e Ye Y GP``d a j g .JBG R``dCG HQCG e Ye a f ,Yh .i`NCG bH CG e bH e Ye u`o`c a ,NBG e IH ce
?GkOY HQCGh KG GSG j bH S H ,OGYCG KK d ``bH s`` o`c CG ,OGYCG bH CG j CG ``Z e Je O`` ` Y t ` `o c j OGYCG
bH u`` o`c Y IO``LdG OGYCG ``e O`` ` Y s`` o`c sEG ``HCGh .IMGh Ie e cC ``v jS OG``YCG ``e hR
dG ``bdG ``e ``bH `` o`c ``Y sR``Jo I``MGh e c bH K e J OGYCG bH Ye
.iNCG .1-2, 1-3, 2-3 dEG OGYCG sRoJh .bQ Y j

:HdG dG d
:dG
:bdG :SG 537
1 OGYCG bH
e bH c ``a ``KdG ``ZGdG C` J CG ``J ``g
sEG H ,6 ``dEG 1 e bQCG e`
k `e ``HQCG ``bdG
?a MGh bQ a j bdG e hR CG

:HdG dG d
:dG
:bdG :SG 538
2 OG``YCG bH
AdG ``HQCG ZGdG ``e MGh `u ` o`c Ae ``j ``g
10 h 1 H `` `e OH c ``dG bdG ``a IO``LdG
,`` `a KG Je i``S j bQ CG ``J ``jH
hR c H ``k eJ ``e `` `a MGh bQ g ``jh
?bdG e

:HdG dG d
:dG
:bdG :SG 539
3 OG``YCG bH
bdG ``Y ``ZGdG ``e MGh `u ` o`c Ae ``j ``g
j O`` ` Y s ` `o c J jH 15 ``dEG 1 ``e O``H ``dG
`` `a ``MGh ``bQ ``g ``j CGh ,`` `a ``KG ``Je
?bdG e hR c H k`eJ e

1000 Game .indb 204 2/16/16 10:20 AM

 205 dG d OGYCG

:HdG dG d :HdG dG d :HdG dG d

:dG :dG :dG
:bdG :SG 544 :bdG :SG 543 :bdG :SG 540
dG dG He OGYCG K dG Hs e
H 9 dEG 1 ``e bQCH ZGdG A``e j ``g .(``eGhO) ``JK `` `g OG``YCG ``FN i``MEG Y HdG ``MCG a dhCG ``dG OG``YCG ``JQ
dG IAGb J) ?``U H``M dOe J ,7 OG``YCG ``HV GPE` a ,``c 723 O``dG ``NCd dG a OdG L j H ,fOCG dG dG
.(SCG dEG YCG eh dG dEG QdG e ``H ``K ,42 ``JdG ``j ,``H ``e 3h ,2 h Ye ``d fdG ``dG a O``dG ``e hCG
``dG ``J Ch .8 ``JdG ``j ``H ``e 2 h 4 `` `NBG He Y j g .ddG dG a O``dG
fdG OMCG O`` ` Y dEG Ud JN ``J ?f jdH a dG j
`` `g 723 OdG K ee Ea ddHh ,(R``dG)
.2
ODJ dG OGYCG UCG eh ?K O`` ` Y UCG `` `e
?4h ,3h ,2 dG ee dEG

:HdG dG d
:dG
:bdG :SG 541
fN dG GP OG``YCG
dG ``fN ``dG GP dG OG``YCG O`` ` Y ``e
``e Z) ?9 dEG 0 e OGYCG e dJ j
.(0 bdH OdG AH

:HdG dG d
:dG
:bdG :SG 545
OG``YCG ae :HdG dG d
OdG Hc j g ,G kL fOCG adG ``SQOG :dG
?OdG :bdG :SG 542
g .``SCG a OG``YCG f ``a c ``Y ``dG ``eCG
e ?dG p ds hn dG dG IYdG J CG J (Frieze jjaEG OGYCG f
?MCG dH dG GdG a Vj CG j dG bdG Number Pattern)

1000 Game .indb 205 2/16/16 10:20 AM

 OGYCG dG d 206

:HdG dG d :HdG dG d
(20) ````dG :dG :dG
:bdG :SG 547 :bdG :SG 546
Hc dN e j e jW IY iMEG g
g ,jOa OG``YCG ``fd ``L IQ``U ``Y (20) O``dG (4) O``dG ``S
?c gOjEG j
Jh ,Y 100 ``e cCG dEG dC` dG g ``jQJ O``j
.e IjY QH gDhMEG
GSH 10 dEG 0 e bQ `u o`c Y dG j g
CG G``SG d ``j ?`` `a 4 bdG e dJ
,dc) SSCG VjdG HdG dG e
,(``SGbCH dGh ,``dGh ,dGh ,``dGh
d ,4 bdG e J `` `e Qb GSG d Rjh
`u ` o`d GRk jEG VjdG GdG ``cCG J CG h``M
.bQ

:HdG dG d
:dG
:bdG :SG 548

j H ``dG W``TCG JJ IO``YEG j ``g :HdG dG d

dG Y jdG SQe
:dG ?dH 100 f d eRdG SCG O`` Y e
WTCG CG M ?U VjQ IQY Y U `o`c
:bdG :SG 549
d GPEG ``Y j ``VjQ Y ``Y ``J ``dG
.eCG OG``YCG `W``TCG

1000 Game .indb 206 2/16/16 10:20 AM

 207 dG d OGYCG

:HdG dG d fdG O`` ` Y ``f ``e ``fe ``fOCG ``YdG c :HdG dG d

:dG :dG
:bdG :SG 551 j a ,L Y j gch .9 dEG 1 e ``f
:bdG :SG 550
?cCG ``g YdG CG ae
Jfa de ````dG d``LEG
(Fibonacci)
OGYCG ``de jGH `` `g ``dG ``g
ddG g cG .IdG Jfa
hOQ``fd) ``djEG ``VjdG ``dY
``a (Leonardo Fibonacci ``Jfa
e a J gh ,Y ddG dG
dG fCa ;dM e L ``dG
QGhs O QgRCGh ,GbCG QgRCG a dG
L dG JdG GQeh ,dG
J ``dG fhdG ``dG ``J
.ddG
g .Q``dG dEG ``dG ``HdG ``SQOG
?OdG OdG J CG j

:HdG dG d :HdG dG d :HdG dG d

:dG :dG :dG
:bdG :SG 554 :bdG :SG 553 :bdG :SG 552
``` ``` dG IOdG dG ``d````dG Z (RdG) `f``dG
Hb O`` ` Y UCG `` `e aM ``dOe e A``L `` `g ``fOCG ``dG ``bQCG d ``dG (R``dG) ``fdG ``FK ``bQCG O`` Y ``c
x ``Y ``d
c dP e cCGh .``c dGh ``dG eY ``e ?de Z fN
,6,5,4,3,2,1 ``e O`` ` Y e AL bGdG a `` `g fdG e KG sCG
?9,8,7 dG dG OjEG j g .fdG ``FK
?dOd

:HdG dG d
:dG
:bdG :SG 555
YOdG (Nob f) de
(Nob Yoshigahara) fHdG GQg``Tj f ``cG
C` N ``e ``g ``dh ,``g ``dG OG``YCG ``de
bdG Y I``NCG I``FGdG ``J CG ``j PEG ,``e
.(8) bdG d h (7)
ddG ``g a dG dG ``dEG UdG j ``g
?OdG OdG Hch

1000 Game .indb 207 2/16/16 10:20 AM

 OGYCG dG d 208

:HdG dG d :HdG dG d :HdG dG d

:dG :dG :dG
:bdG :SG 560 :bdG :SG 559 :bdG :SG 556
dG UGbCG Y O```dG OYCG ``T OGYCG de
?dG UGbCG a IOdG HQCG bQCG e H ``MCG ``c ,``JOh e ``d O``e `` o`c ``a (1)
AWEH b bh
r .``dG e RdG OdH ``fGOe ``g .OG``YCG ``J ``SQOG
?BG Y a ,BG M T 210 ``dG ``dEG ``UdG ``j
ddG OdG Hch a dG
?ddG a

:HdG dG d :HdG dG d
:dG :dG
:bdG :SG 561 :bdG :SG 557
jdG QGdG (2) OGYCG de
``e ``VjQ ``dY ``UCG ``jU ``d Hch HdG G``g AGQh dG ``cG j ``g
e b ``bh H dPh ,eY k 45 ``e ``cC ?ddG a ddG bdG
be ``Y GPEG fCG Gk ` NDe ``fNCG.HG IOh
,HG Y JdG O``dG c Y a ``bdG
k 27 ``HG ``Y Y ``jj ``Y c GPE` a
,eY
?BG e cm Y a

:HdG dG d :HdG dG d :HdG dG d

:dG :dG :dG
:bdG :SG 563 :bdG :SG 562 :bdG :SG 558
IOdG bQCG bdG Y dG de
e bQCH ``g ZQdG ``dG Hs dG Ae ``j CN H jd cdG bdG FdG YS iMEG dG ``cG j ``g .fOCG ``ddG ``SQOG
bQCG Vh jW ``J CG j a .9 ``dEG 1 bdG c M fOCG VdG ``dG XCG ``eH ?NCG OdG Aeh gAGQh edG
f Y IQ``cdG H``dG dG J ``H dEG bdG IQTEG f j g ,9:50 `` `g dG
?U ?dG bdG QXEG Y Yj Ve

1000 Game .indb 208 2/16/16 10:20 AM

 209 dG d OGYCG

:HdG dG d :HdG dG d
:dG :dG
:bdG :SG 568 :bdG :SG 564
dG GcCG J OY aVEG
;IFdG Y Y c Y HQCG g dG ``bdG ``J CG ``J ``g
``f ``e ``Sh ,``e ``e ``S 30 h 170 ``e cm ``dG ``VCG GPEG
a dG `` `` `c J hO e .``e ``d ``dG ``Jf ``f ``fc
dEG G``cCG ``J j ``g ,``SCc CG ? 3: 1 J dOdG
Ye `o`d J H Ye K
?dG e f dLEG ``` `dG
:HdG dG d
:dG
:bdG :SG 565
:HdG dG d
:dG
:bdG :SG 569 `````dG `dO```dG
Ve dEG Ve e MGh ``bQ jJ j ``g
dG Ic J Z) ?U ``fOCG ``dOdG J ``H ``jL
hH J QhO ``a k ja ``Nh ``fK Q``j .(HdG dG eY jJ e
j ``dG jQdG O`` ` Y ``a ,``dG I``d ``dG
?QhdG Gg a JJ

:HdG dG d
:dG
:bdG :SG 566
YdG QdG d
iMEGh .b 100 ``e YdG QdG ``d ``dCj
Uh hCG ``dG ``e ``J ``Uh `` `g G``dG
``e O`` ` Y ``bCG ``e .``MGh ``J ``dEG I``MGh ``b
.dG `u M JE eRdG GdG

:HdG dG d
:dG
:bdG :SG 567
dG dCe
``Hs dG ``a 9 ``dEG 0 ``e ``bQCG ``Vn
CG ``j .``dG ``dG ``a ``LQdG
;``f ``bdG ``Y ``MCG ``He c ``j
k G jh
Y UCG He `` o`c j CG jC
bQCG e j CG jh ;``f bdG
dG O`` ` Y e .(``J) fL `` o`c ``Y
CG hO e ,gOjEG ``j dG ``dG
?dH dG `dG J

1000 Game .indb 209 2/16/16 10:20 AM

 OGYCG dG d 210

:HdG dG d :HdG dG d
:dG :dG
:bdG :SG 572 :bdG :SG 570

S
````dG e h```dG fGLQCGh AGdG QgRCG
S IQGOEH ``dG MCG eBG j AGM I``gR HQCG ``Lj ``jM ``a
``a ``jRfR ``fK ``H ``HW ``e CG Y dG Hh ,dG fGLQCGh
,eCG e je adh .HW `` o`c gGMEG J a ,J JgR
AH Y ``jd eQU GkO``b ``j J CG ``J g ,fGLQCG bCG Y
``Y ``jRfdG ``g ``a A``dG
g a IOLdG AG``dG QgRCG O``Y
:JBG dG
?jdG
`` k` ehO ``g ``j CG ``j .1
V dG HdG a AS
``HdG ``a A``dG O`` ` Y
.dG
``Z ``fGfR CG ``Jo CG ``j .2
.de
MCG `` k` ehO g j CG ``j .3 :HdG dG d
:dG
dG jRfdG a k S ``Y
:bdG :SG 571
``FM CG IGP``H ``J ``dG
dG dH ``dG) LQN ,AGMh ,fGLQCG QgdG
``dG ``Hd ``SdG ``a
.(dGh AGUh
dG HdG dG HdG L``e ``J ``J ``d GPh .jM a AGUh ,AG``Mh ,fGLQCG QgR ``g
``U ``a ``dP ``eh ,QG``dG ``e IMGh ``J ,GgR K ``a J ``bh CG ``a
j eBG c ``eY ,ddG ``dG .dG fGLQCG bCG Y IMGhh ,AGM bCG ``Y
``jRfdG ``fc ,``jQhdG ``JH O`` ` Y ``J CG j ``g ,``edG ``J ``e
a .``YGd `` k` `ah d``e ``ac ?IOLdG QgdG
A``dG O`` ` Y ``J CG ``j
,jGdG ``a ``jOLe G``fc ``jdG
ANE ``fCG J GhOYCG ch
?Hhg

:HdG dG d
:dG
:bdG :SG 573
fGdG Y
GPEa .`` `n dGh ``p dG jCGQh GdG jM ``dEG ``gP
O`` Y a ,k`eb Jh k HQCGh ``k SCGQ KKh N jCGQ
?jCGQ dG ``n dGh p`dG

1000 Game .indb 210 2/16/16 10:20 AM

 211 dG d OGYCG

:HdG dG d
:dG
:bdG :SG 574
GdG jM je
``S MCG ,GdG ``jM dEG i``NCG MQ ``a
. `b ``eh ``fGdG ``ShDhQ ``e ``SCk GQ ``KKh
.`
O ``eh ,Q` `dG O``Y ``e ` `J CG `
OY `J ``a
? GQ dG
?jC dG i``NCG ` `fGdG

:HdG dG d :HdG dG d :HdG dG d

:dG :dG :dG
:bdG :SG 577 :bdG :SG 576 :bdG :SG 575
KdG Ye AG`p``dG Iah
,FbUCG I``FGO V U``TCG e ``J g ch .fEG e c IY G``dG iMEG J
IYO
dEG ``JYO a ``ZJh ,``U h``L ``fEG ``dG ``J ``e I``MGh `` o`d
``H ,A``dG h``J
IYO FGL O`` ` Y e j ``d e `` s`jCG dh ,``MGh
IYO
,Ie `` o`c a KK YJ J e ``bCG Y KG CG ``dP j ``g ,I``Y
``dG ``jCG i``e ``Y ?AGdG e f OdG jd fEG dG
IYO

.``MdG ``Y ``KG

IYO
``jW ``e ``g ``a LQCG KK - LQCG FK
H G``YdG ``Jd
IYO
``dG i``MEH ``ddG ``Yb i``MEG ``a c
IYO ``jU CG ``Hj ``SGdGh ,``LQCG ``KK ``YdG ``e ``jdG
``gMCG A``bUCG ``e
IYO
``d ``J E` a .d``e ``Lh ,``LQCG ``YHQ
jd AdG Y ``NBG j a ,YdG ``a LQCG e KKh `m `J t ` Y
IYO
?``a IMGh Ie iS U``TCGh ``SGdGh ``YdG O`` ` Y ``J CG
?jOLdG

:HdG dG d :HdG dG d
:dG :dG
:bdG :SG 579 :bdG :SG 578
hdG bQCG W RL dG GhQCG
e U `` o`c bJ ``Y N :jb e d Y e JCj ``e
2929 ``W o ,``dG `` MCG ``U
e Hh ,``dG ``MGhQCG e ``S gCG IQ``dG ``eCG i``MEG
``W R``L W``SH GkO``e ``k bQ
GhQCG ``HQCG gCG `` `NBG H ``H ,GhQCG ``S ``gCG ``JGjg
ae j ``a .``dBG ``bQCG
.``a
CG ``j ``dG ``dG O`` ` Y
?dG Y j .k`MhQ jYh N k H GhQCG e O`` Y JGjg e Cd sJh
?GjdG O`` Y e dG Lh Y cJ CG j a

1000 Game .indb 211 2/16/16 10:20 AM

 OGYCG dG d 212

:HdG dG d :HdG dG d :HdG dG d

:dG :dG :dG
:bdG :SG 582 :bdG :SG 581 :bdG :SG 580
3 W fOCG IFGO 1 W fOCG IFGO
``MGh ``dEG I``FGdG ``d ``LQdG ``dG `n `u bo dEG fOCG ``VdG IFGd LQdG ``dG `n `u bo
OjEG j g .jhe GWCG d Yb k jYh f K Vh j a ,jhe ae ``S
20 dEG 1 e OGYCG e MGh ` u o`c Y d jW e MGh `` o`c Hj H ``LQdG dG ``Y
dG e KG ``H `` `e IFGdG e GAk L ``UH IFGdG AG``LCG e AL `` o`c e 6 dEG 1 ``e OG``YCG
``N VH dP a dG e gh ?IFGdG Y ``dG ``dG ``dG ``e ``KG ``H IQ``dG
?IFGd LQdG dG Y ``a f ?Vh

2 W fOCG IFGO
``KK ``dEG I``FGdG ``d ``LQdG ``dG `n `u bo
HQCG ``Vh ``j ``g .jh``e G``WCG ``d ``Yb
k
Hj ``H LQdG ``dG OG``eG Y ``f
e AL `u ` o`c e 12 dEG 1 e OG``YCG e ``MGh t ` `o c
dG ``e ``KG ``H IQ``dG I``FGdG AG``LCG
?Vh dG HQCG

:HdG
:dG
:bdG :SG 584
dG a dG
AKCG a Ye K a e L``e ``J
eBG ZQ E` a ,edG ``VjdG ``jQdG ``SQe
e KG j H LdG JJ a ``dG
Y IMGh Ie e cC L dEG ``k L L``dG
?J d j a ,jCG S QGe
dG d :HdG dG d
:dG
:bdG :SG 583
(Persisto) SH d
M ,``dH ``e ``dGh ``bQdH OG``YCG ``d ``dEG
dEG OGYCG NOEG ``a QGhOCG YdG e ``KG O``j
``Njo CG hCG ``Yd R``jh .``HdG ``dG ``fN
OGYCG NOEG jh .dG e e CG a (1) OdG
NOEG ``a J ``dG ``f ``dG hCG O``dG ``a ``ddG
zaCG N{ jdG O``d j CG j``T ,H``dG OdG
Y C Rj ,i`` NCG IQH .jdG OdG e VGh
.Hk e k HS k bQ GRk he (j) CG
k
QH Wf R``j NCG O``dG Nj ``YdG ``e CGh
adG `` MCG Rhj CG ``dEG dG ``jh ,OdG G``g
.dG f
Ve g ``c (18) f ``d dL Y ``Y ``gh
.fOCG

1000 Game .indb 212 2/16/16 10:21 AM

 213 dG d OGYCG

CG j ``a ,FG``dG AdG ``J e ``KG ``fOCG hCG ,OdG hCG ,``dG a dG dG c ``J Y ``j :HdG dG d
UdG dEG ODj ``S AH J t ` `o c c GPEG `` `e J jo cdG a - Gk ` b dG j `` bh) .``f dG :dG
? CG c jg QU dEG hCG ,c L QU dEG .(``a IMGh d Gk b UH :bdG :SG 585
dGh L QcdG
(Jekyll and jg
Hyde)
Y ``fe ``Y I``Y ``S ``YRu h
``e d ``bQ ``Y FG``Y ``f
MCG Y ``j .k He ``Y ``S dEG
J H L IQU) dG fL
.(jg IQU ``NBG fdG Y
``dG ``J `` `g ``dG ``gh
Q``U ``L ``Y ``J CG ``dEG
J .`` `a jg QU hCG a ``L
``H IMGh I``Yd ``k J ``dG
dG a J Ie `u o`c a fCG :`` `g

:HdG dG d :HdG dG d
:dG :dG
:bdG :SG 588 :bdG :SG 586
1 dG GP IdG Id W bCG
H e Z We ``N HQo I``d ``dG ``LdG ``Y ``eY ``HQCG ``Vh
c ``W ``e .``dG ``a ``c ,``f ``a U ``bQ `u ` o`c ``Sb ``a eG``SG ``j ``H
``Ye hCG I``d ``j ``H I``e ``N Vh j a ,6 dEG 1 e a``dG GMd
1 e a``dG GMh ``Sb W``dG e
``j ``H I``d ``dG ``LdG ``Y ``eY
?15 dEG Vh Y `s n`K eh ,KG adG edG Vh ?IMh 11 h 1 H `` `e dG ``dG a``dG ``Sb
.``a SdG dG edG

:HdG dG d
:dG
:bdG :SG 589 :HdG dG d
:dG
:bdG :SG 587
2 dG GP IdG
c ``dG O``dG ``e ,``dG ``dEG i`` NCG
``eH ``e ``Z W``e ``K ``u Yo ? g GkOLe
bYdG FY
c J e W``SH IMGh f `` ` Y GP jdG ``dEG b``YdG FY ``No QW
j dG ``KdG G``WCG `` `e .``dG ``a FdG `` `o K QW H ,AG``dG Q``gdG
``j ``H W``dG ``Y ``J CG ``KK Q``W ``M ``a ,``dG Q``gR ``dEG
``J CG ``e hCG IO``e ``gQhH Q``gRCG ``dEG ``bdG ``jg ``H ``dG ``VCG
?GMh 8 dEG 1 e j W s `o c gP H ,IdG dG AGM ``TdG
J dG SdG ``J CG hM ?``J eY YCH ``d dG ``dEG b``YdG ``FY CG
.i`NCG gGMEG He dG dEG e a WdG Ie c b``YdG FY OG``aCG OY ``eY .``dG

1000 Game .indb 213 2/16/16 10:21 AM


``LCG QG``SG CG ``Y ``fdG `t `o j PEG
e I``Te IQ``H ``bj ``KdG ``dG GP
e jJ HPdG jJ Ib C ;JQG a IOjdG
``H ,edG ``J M a ,dG OjORG
e J CG ,V``dG M``dG Y ``gOYG
dG OHCG ``a jj dG ``da ;IOjdG ``g
QGe ``eH dG ``a jj 10 QG``e ``eH
e IMh u`` o`d ``dG M``e ``f ``k jCGh
e dG ``dG dEG ``dH cCG J dG
fCH J IdG fGda ,dG ``dG dEG
jW ``Y A``dG G``d ``UN ``f ``Y `` n`V`o`Y
Ic S M``e e H J `` `e ``H ;dG
fb Y``j s`` n`K e ,``gZ ``e ``fQdH ``k f
GdGh ``aCG sCG ``a ``dG ``J Y H``dG
S d ``k jCG d e e d `` `a ``d
Y d ``LdG ``Z e ``fCG ``a ``dGh ,``e
.(jHhH) dY `MCG HJ CG WEG
e H dG d{
q EG d fEG ,`H
q d fCG
.zZhGe
zBenjamin Jowett{ jL eH -
1000 Game .indb 214
OGYCG dG d 214
(Gullivers Travels) HdG CGe
KK e s``o e QGOEG e a ;dd ``Se ,(Gullivers Travels) dL MQ jGhQ a
s``o e e ``d ``f ``jdH ``j ``k HW (Jonathan Swift) j``S KfL ``dDdG j
,IFd ddG PdG e ch v .``HGW KK ``e W M ,ddG ``VQCG `` `gh ,jHhH O``H
GfCG GSH gDhH j jdG KdG IFdGh ,dG dG W V Y KG T u`` o`c
GhQU jdG dhCG e dGh .edG e e CG ``k eb 70 dW j ``fE ``v ``M j g ``dh
``L ``H ``eCG ``N ``HUCG ``b ``Ye PEG ; ``dG ``a ?``bCG ``Y ``f R``dG ``Yj
.SdG a dG GKCH CG j PEG ,kfH UTCG ADg e OLh j
.1000 ODJ e d (Linear) dG IOjdG CG ,cdG
UN HdG fH a (dL) dda
OGOj H ,``dG M``d HJ IO``jR ``dEG
gJ fJ ``k M cCG ``LCG CG a ``dG
QGH e T YJ Ea Yh .kJ M
e ``v f ``cCG IQ``H ``f ``fGRhCG I``b ``H
a fRh IO``jR dEG OD``S dG O``HC I``e 12
.IdG LCG 3
,OdG fEG Rh Y Ie 1728 hCG 12 ddG g
IOjR S dP ah eY Me IOjR Y d
e CG E` a K eh ,a Ie 144 ``dG ``g I``b
Y bdG h``j ``ddG ``jHhH ``WGe
.GkQa bS S eb
T CG Oj FdG e dG Gg eh
Vh ``jW ``Y ``gJhCG A``TCG ``J h``j
:HdG dG d
:dG
:bdG :SG 590
```dGh ```dG
``Lhh G k`` `Z ``SG `` `e GPEG
`r `b ``L O``HCG ``e `` r``o `H s ` `o c
``M - ``dG ``a ``YJ
``Yjh ,``dW ``Yj
- ``Y ``Yjh ,``VY
VGaG e ?fRh ``S a
b dGh ``dG ``ac CG
.``g c X
2/16/16 10:21 AM
 215 dG d OGYCG

:HdG dG d :HdG dG d
:dG :dG
:bdG :SG 593 :bdG :SG 591
1 (Progression) dGe
dG - OdG .FGdG SdG dGdG g J
e ``MGh ``U ``a ``dG W``TCG ``JJ ``j ``g
``dLEG M``dG ``f ``J CG ``J ``g
e HQCG CG ``J CG j ``H dG ``dEG Q``dG
``HdG M``e ``dEG ``dH AG``dG ``d
H IYe fc d ``M k dRJ hCG jk YJ eEG ``Je
k ,i``NCG W``TCG ?LQdG
hCG ``dG YGj JBG JdG a
Lj PEG ,CN ``jo ``d (7 ,5 ,8 ,1 ,9 ,4 ,6 ,2 ,3) :``a
.(7 ,5 ,4 ,2) :ddG dRdG d bQCG g H a
?k e WdG j JJ OjEG J g

:HdG dG d
:dG
:bdG :SG 594
bdG - jGdG
dG GWCG GP I``dG W``TCG JJ j g
e HQCG CG H dG dEG QdG e MGh U a
H IYe fc d ``M k dRJ hCG jk YJ eEG ``Je
k ,i``NCG W``TCG
(1, 2, 8, 0, 3, 6, 9, :``JBG JdG a
:HdG dG d
a Lj PEG ,CN jo d ,hCG dG j 4, 5, 7) :dG
(1, 2, 8, 9). :ddG YdG dG bQCG ``g ``H :bdG :SG 592
?k e WdG j JJ OjEG J g
2 SdG dGdG
e GAk ``L UH ``dG ``MCG GQ``dG M``e `` `e
?edG HdG

:HdG dG d
:dG
:bdG :SG 595
eCG fG
``a I``MGdG (amoeba) ``eCG ``d ``j
bO Z a N dEG J CG Ae QhO
IMGh `` o`c ``J ,IMGh bO `` ``Hh .I``MGh
jN ``HQCG JdG ``d ``gQhH ``eCG ``N ``e
.edH k e QhdG UCG bO HQCG Ie jf ah ,eCG
?eCG jH ``a QhdG f Ae eRdG FbdG O`` Y e

1000 Game .indb 215 2/16/16 10:21 AM

 OGYCG dG d 216

:HdG dG d
:dG
:bdG :SG 596
dG HdG
MCG fdH k FGY JHe fu Jo ,(1) bQ dG a
UCG ,J ah MdG dG a H ah .OSCGh
IQhdG ``HdG G``dCG ``M a ``He CG ``d ``jJ
k O``SCG HdG c GPEG `k `a .H``dG ``dG a ``d
We
,MCG ``dEG j fd E` a AGO``dG HdG ``e ``ZCH
``dG AG``dG ``HdG ``e ``ZCG OD` J ``dch
MCG fdG O``Y h``J dM ah .O``SCG dEG ``b ``dEG
k
hO fd Y ae j fEa ``HdH dG O``SCGh
``dG cCG K ,``dG ``dG a GdG ``nJ .``J
.f jdH (7, 8, 9) INCG dG

.dG Gd Ide T S Vu ho
?ddG dG dG J CG J g

:HdG dG d
:dG
:bdG :SG 597
jdG (cja) fe
ddG JGP OHCG FK dBG 
,(1) dG Sh a I``e dG AGM jN ``N LJ
L
VoCG dG fdG e IjL dJ be ``T c J
``fdG O`` ` Y c GPEG :`` `g ``H I``Yd ``k J ``MW hCG
,v LhR GkO`` ` Y `` `g ``fd ``v SCGQ hCG ``v aCG IQh``dG AG``dG
GPEG `` eCG ,IjdG ddG a dG AH fdG J CG j
CG a ,``jv Oa GkO`` ` Y IQhdG AGdG ``jdG O`` ` Y c
YdG fG) IjdG ddG a dG AGM fdG J
.(dG f Vd NGdG
eCG EG ?``dJ ``N Y dG f `` ````J ``j ``g
.gdG Y J f iJ a dP

1000 Game .indb 216 2/16/16 10:21 AM

 217 dG d OGYCG

:HdG dG d
:dG
:bdG :SG 598
dG f e
,GQ``dc - ``dG ``a ``UdG ``e ``dG
``J ``dG ``dG ``Mh ``H ,``jdG G``eh
.gf N ee Sg ` k `TCG ``o `J - dG
VGZC dG Gg e J Y Yj dG Ggh
.``dG
a dG dG Y ``T ``Sh a MGh H CGHG
k se Ie `o`c a dG e G kMGh Lk VCG .dG
CG j jL e `` o`c CG :`` `g H IMGh IYb
`` MCG fGL e - `` `a G kMGhh - G kMGh k fL j
,Ie f ``Le c dh ,``d H``dG dG ``e
`` ``Hh ,e L `` o`c jd G``dCG ``Md ``SG
.GdCG QGJ IOYEG j Lk Y HQCG JEG
CG g gh ?L `o`c a IOLdG dG O`` Y e
?OGYCG HJ a fG

:HdG dG d
:dG
:bdG :SG 599
Qt dG f He
aVEG ``j .``dG ce ``a MGh ``cGO ``He ``g
``H IMGh f IYb JH ``dG dEG iNCG Hs e
H Ie `u ` o`c a Hs dG e ``MGh L ``aVEG :`` `gh
e - `` `a G kMGhh - G kMGh k fL jL He `` o`c j
.d HdG dG Hs e `MCG fGL
`` k` `ah L s ` `o c u d ,dG fCG Q``XEG ``Y IY``dh
OjEG j g .Q``dG dEG dG GdCG ``jQJ ``Md
g gh ?L c dEG oJ S dG HdG O`` Y
?L `o`c a IjdG HdG Od f

1000 Game .indb 217 2/16/16 10:21 AM

 OGYCG dG d 218

CG O``S g ,``fOCG ``aUdG ``FGhdG ``J b``YO :HdG dG d

bYdG gf :dG
?FH ceCG dEG e
``e ``e ``S ``dEG ``dG ``dCG ``g ``J :bdG :SG 600
a``e MRGh ,AGdG ``dG e GAk ``H - (1) ``dG
N g CG dh .JadGh bYdG GQe
MRG ,``dG ``dEG ``dG `s ` o`K ,``YCG ``dEG I``MGh I``Mh
3 MRG ` s ` o`K ,i``NCG Ie dG ``dEG ``dG `s ` o`K ,``JMh
g`` ``Hh .GMh 5 ``MJ M ``dGhO G``gh ,G``Mh
iNCG I``e jL e ``dG CGHG `s ` o`K dG ``dEG ``dG
.IMh 1 MdH
dG CG A``SH ``f (1) dG - (2) dG
1 Md IOdG b G``Mh 6 MdG M ``cGj
.iNCG Ie IMh
j fCG A``SH ,YCG OQG``dG ``dG ``Y - (3) ``dG
.GMh 7 M MdG g jdG
j fCG A``SH ,``YCG OQG``dG ``dG ``Y - (4) ``dG
.GMh 8 M MdG g jdG
j fCG A``SH ,``YCG OQG``dG ``dG ``Y - (5) ``dG
.GMh 9 M MdG g jdG

:HdG dG d :HdG dG d
:dG :dG
:bdG :SG 602 :bdG :SG 601
dhCG OGYCG Ye ddG e TCG
CG H ``e e CG a dhCG O`` Y OjEG `k` ehO j g fdG (Golygons)
?(dH 1 OdG ASH) Vh O`` Y .He ae a dG 
(Lee ``SGdS ``d ``VjdG ``dY Q``J
:HdG dG d
:dG
(Nijmegen) ``f eL ``e Sallows)
:bdG :SG 603 .JBG dCdG ,Gdg a
NGh ,``dG a AGdG ``dG e CG``HG
dhCG OGYCG e dG ,IMGh He IMh ae (S) p `s ` o`K kgJG
``J GP ``k e GkO`` ` Y 362880 hCG (9!) ``g `s ` o`K k j hCG GQk ``j fG ,dG jf ``ah
OdGh .9 ``dEG 1 e ac ``bQCG a ``J ``fN k j fG `s o`K ,He JMh ae Sp
Y VGh ``e `` `g ``fOCG ``dG (123,456,789) GMh K ae dG UGh `s ` o`K GQk j hCG
.dP e ,GdG Gg Y UGh `s o`K ,i`` NCG He
``g ,GkO`` ` Y 362880 ``ddG OG``YCG ``J ``H ``e Y IFGR I``MGh ``He I``Mh a``e ``dG
dG CG - v dhCG GkOY S e c ae j e O`` Y ```H Y Ea ,Ie `` o`c a b P
?dG MGdG Y hCG f Y EG dG J Q``dG ``S ,AdG ``f ``dEG ``afG
.(dL) e T OhM JJG dG
``fK ``d (``dL) ``e ``TCG ``HCG
``fK ``a ``J ``j ``fCG ``H ,``VCG
?J CG j a .AGLCG

1000 Game .indb 218 2/16/16 10:21 AM

 219 dG d OGYCG

(Snowflake Curve) dG (FbQ) f e

dhCG ``ee dG (``FbQ) ``f e t ` jo C` f f ``f ``SSCG ``a ``g ``dG G``g (Infinite) Ff W d TCG e f CG
``SdG j``dG ``e h u`` dG I``d I``L FbQ ``e j ``M ,e ``S ``UH dP hj ?(Finite) ``e M``e d GJ H
``SQ ``dG ``e ``d PEG ,IQ``dG (Fractals) CGd `` k` `ah VCG he e fGL Y dG g d GkO``Lh ``g CG ``gdG ``d ,`
k `e
d dG AfEG j dh , u`M e h``e `` `NBG e oj M ,jd ``H QJ dG (``FbQ) ``f e `` `g ``gMCGh ,``TCG
``d ``FdG ``dG ``jh ,`` `a ``MdG Gg sojh ,fL `` o`d cdG dG Y VCG .dG
.XdG .Ff IQH L ```H L
k QdG

:HdG dG d :HdG dG d
:dG :dG
:bdG :SG 605 :bdG :SG 604
jOhdGh jfdG Ffh dG f e
(Infinity and Limit) MGdG VJ ``SdG Gg ``SCG dG AGM ``TCG
IOLdG IQdG JQG f g IQU `u ` o`c JQG eh .I``dG dG (FbQ) ``f d ``dhCG ``HQCG
O`` ` Y g S dG Gg QGSG Ea ,a LCG ``dEG QdG ``SdG ``dG ``dG ``UGJ
k `p Yh ,QdG ``e ``Ff
NGO IMGh ``Vh Y V` e W jf `M OjEG j g ,e Z
dG W a .H a ``jJ J ,i`` NCG ``dG M``dG O``jEGh ``LQdG
?QdG g e S dG ?eCG jf a S

1000 Game .indb 219 2/16/16 10:21 AM


IQe j``c ``fCG Ye ``dJ ``jh
d ,H``SdG R``edG ``e ``SCG H W``SH
edG e ``Ff Qb dEG LM ``g ``S
``fCGh .``e ``d ``ec ``Uh ``Vd
(hdfe) YCG e ``dG IQdG jdG
Xe G``HEG a ``SdG ``SQ ``fa e``SG
Xe CG ``M QH M h``J ``dN ``W
.VQCG Y gf W
Vh IQdG j``dG ``SdG fCGh
a ;``FdG cdG C` H G k``jL ``v ja GkQ``e
`` ` ` fEG ``dG ``VjdG ``dY CG ``VJ ``fCG
`` `e dEG gJ dG ``MG e c ``Y ``j
AdG ``gBGQ ``dG ``dG cGdG ``e ``HCG `` `g
.dG a HdG VjdG
:HdG dG d
:dG
:bdG :SG 608
bdG M
HdG ``dG ``e FbUCG ``aH ``MCG ``bj
bQ I``FGO a ``HdG GQ``eEG ``dhOh jO``dG
fH bGQ c j H IFGdG YoCG ,QedG
dG OY a ,f dG e UTG e KG
a jv O``S a ``Y KG ``g c EG ``JGQeEG
1000 Game .indb 220
OGYCG dG d 220
(Fractal Geometry) jdG Sg
fCH CGJ IQdG ``SdG j``dGh j``dG dG a VjdG AY QK `` `d
CG ;``f ``H a``e ``bCG ``NCd .``dG dPh ,H``dG hd ``SdG VjdG V
dG ``H ``dh ,``dG ``dG `` `gh VjdG ``dGh cGdG CG G``cG ``M
QU c PEG ,a``dG g W OGOa dGh .(Euclid) ``SbEG Vh dG ``fCG e A``J
Z dG QU `` `e GPEG Gd ;W
k OGORG Ak GdG cCG IjdG ``dGh ``cGdG ``dEG ``oj c r``bh
IQH `k `jW ``S ,``jdG ``a H ``e YJ ``fCG hj ``fC ;``S fCG ``Y ``jGdG ``a
.Qe c f jd j s`n`K eh ,Ff .``dG ``dP ``a ``H ``dG ``SGdG ``jdG
qj ``M ke h``j (``S) ``dG G``g
vjCa ,g LPf e `` `g dG M``dGh
Qd YNG ``dG IOdG ``jdG ``cGdG CG
Ea ,WQdG ``SQ ``Sd J QGe c `` `e
A``TCG e dG a IOLe ,bEG ``ddG ``e
dG dG f Y j S dG M``dG
.adCdG
.f
.dP Y eCG `MCG ``g IQdG jdGh
H ddG VjdG dY ``cG `` bh
1977 Y ``a (Benoit Mandelbrot) h``dfe ``SGdG ``e ``dG ``g sCG h``j ``b
e
k t ` Jo iNCG IQe ``Sg j``c ``Ye ,``jdG MG``dGh ,``HdG ``H `` `e c``dG
``dG ``dG ``e W``dG A``dG ``f ``Y `` `NBG ``dP ``d ,``jQdG GQ``dGh ,``dG ``Jh
.IQdG jdG Sg a gf .`k` ` ``L H Hj OdG Z SdG dG
:HdG dG d :HdG dG d
:dG :dG
:bdG :SG 607 :bdG :SG 606
eGdG dEG dG
.dhCG hCG ce `` ` eEG J CG dG OGYCd j
``J dG dG dGb e dhCG OGYCG oJh
j fEa ,``dG ah .``cdG OGYCG A``H ``a
Yf e ja f ``Y W O`` ` Y CG Y ``dG
.dhCG OGYCG g e Jf
k UH
?IFGdG eGY `` u``n `o `J dG dhCG OGYCG OjEG j ``g
?420 OdG
HdG OGYCG
fEGh ``eJ OGYCG O``e OGYCG ``J CG ``j ``g
,284h 220 jOdG ``SQOG ?He hCG jU OG``YCG
?H ``e dG bdG cG j g
2/16/16 10:21 AM
 221 dG d OGYCG
1-2 2-4 3-6 4-8 5-10
, , , ,
6-12 7-14 8-16
, ,
ddh ,LhR O`` Y g U O`` Y a
``f QGdH `` `g LhdG OGYCG Ff E` a
dh ,e gh .dH o`c OGYCG Ffd
YdG ``e edG C` H jdG Q``eCG ``MCG
.s`o dG hj CG j AdG CG ``g FfdG
a ,i`` NCc `` `g ``jf t ` `o c ``a
e cCG N Y SdG dG e GvL dG
j fC ;jc OGYCG hCG U OGYCG g
dG ``H `` `e MGH ``MGh ``HJ ``HJ ``Vh
``k jCG dP j d .dG OGYCGh N Y
,UH 1 ``N a Lj ``f ``dG O`` ` Y CG
``dG O`` ` Y c CG ``Z .``e 1 hCG ,``b 1 hCG
O`` ` Y c e cCG ``fCG e ``ZdG ``Y ,``SdG
cCG ``g d ,jdG OGYCGh dG OGYCG
,VjdG A``Y id ahe ``Ff ``Ye
c e e cCG `` `g SdG dG Oa
.N Y SdG dG
YdG ``e eH Q``fc b `` bh
Ea ``dd ,( ) ``dCG ``dG ``dH ``FfdG
:JG dG Y dG hj edG OGYCG J
( 1) jdG OGYCGh ,dG OGYCG
( 2) N Y dG
( 3) SdG dG e
1000 Game .indb 221
I```dG OGYCG
, ``a ,iNCG L e FfdG OGYCG `` ` eCG EG ?Gkc k`bQ dH `` `o j dG bdG `` `e
edG W e jhJ d j ``bQ CG e ``cCG dG ``jdG b h``J ``jdG W``SCG i``MEG
...
dG GP Q``aCG ``e ``dGh .``a ``J ``dG dG jRh dEG (Shirhan) g``T dG e
``gdG Y YH fCH ``J FfdG OG``YCH sa dG jRda ,fdG d d NG r`b c
``S Y ;jdG ``dJ IQ``H ``be ``Zh
j CG hO e H dj CG j ``e bCG a
Ye ``e KG ``fQe dG ``e ,``dG
dG e I``MGh M YCG{ :``d ``b ,``k bh
`` `g YdG CG ``jJh Ff ``dG OG``YCG
Mh ,f``dG bQ e hCG HdG Y VCG
.cCG
YdG ``g UGdh ,``fdG HdG ``Y ``b
QL fdCG ``VjdG ``dY J `` bh bd ``dGh HQCG HdG ``e mJ He u`` o`d
``SH h``dGh ,(Georg Cantor ) Q``fc ``gh ,QdG Y dG Y dG aGh .zfdG
``Y Q``dG ``e ,``FfdG ``M ``r p`Y ``SDe ZdG Y PEG ;dG fL e Gkc kCN c `` `e
kLhR L GPEG ``fCG dEG Q``fc N r`` a ;``HLEG IQH gDe j ``dhCG dG HdG CG ``e
FfdG ``YdG ``e H``dG ``dG ``e
W L `` `e YS YdG Ib Ea ,I``j
YdG ``J I``MGh b ``a Gj ``H
``J dG ``Hda .``dG ``e ``jRdG
J dP Nh jh``e KG FfdG
:JBG dG Y J ,Sg dGe
.iNCG e cCG FfdG YdG iMEG
FdG ``H dEG ODj I``YdG g ``J 1 + 2 + 22 + 23 + 24 + 25 + 26 ...
``Ff -``dG ``S ``Y- Q``b .``gdG
a .jOdG OG``YCG ``Ff ``H ``LhdG OG``YCG 262 + 263 = 264 - 1
GkOGYCG ``g CG ``S ``Sa ,``g ``e
``H ``jRdG G``g ``H ``dW ``dG `` `` `da
GPe ``dh .jOa OG``YCG ``dg `` `e QH ``LhR
,``b ``M Q``e GQ``e 10 ``e ``cCG ``Ye
c dG OG``YCd FfdG ``YdG ``Y
ddG a dG fE ``k jhe fc J `` `e `` `gh
cCdH ?`` `a ``LhdG OGYCG ``Ye ``He
Ye e cCG `` `g dG OGYCG Ye c bQ dP CG ``e ZdG Yh .``dG ``d
`` `g LhdG OGYCG C ,`` `a LhdG OG``YCG eh ,``k ge ``k bQ Gj fEa ,``k jJ j
CGj M ``dh .dG OG``YCG NGO IG``e `` `a jdG MdG ``e- adG ``bdG ``aGJ
: CG a YdG H fQdG Y a AdG .fN ``NBG dEG j CG Ad j -bCG Y
2/16/16 10:21 AM

dG d hdG g ah Qfh d UGbCG j CG
U IQSCG g fc d Mh .j d d
fEa ,a IMGh fK f c a j gdG CGh
V 60 CG ,``dG d ``S H 600 dEG ``S
``eRdG (x) ``dG O``Y ``d .``dG ``Y
UGbCG ``e Oe Od ``fg H ``d M ``JE
Ea ,Ggh x = 2 1 :JBG dOdG f (n)
n Ub ``a ``UGbCG ``g ``e ``Ub CG ``Vj CG
J UGbCG KKh f K dEG Lj Ub
.GL gh ,f S dEG
1000 Game .indb 222
OGYCG dG d 222
(The Tower of Hanoi) fg H
a AdG ``b .(.., , ) ``M ``a ``UGbCG Cf dG RdCG MCG (609 d) HH d j
MGh OY a H a UGbCG g UQ j dG fg H d gh CG ,dCJ J d UCGh LCG e
J H MdG Y dG KdG I``YCG e ``a Scd OQGhOEG ``fdG VjdG dY YHG dG
a UCG dEG ``SCG a cCG e Je ``UGbCG ``Scd Vh bh ,1883 Y a (Edouard Lucas)
(64) UGbCG L f g dG e dG .``YCG (Benares) ``SQH e a jb IQ``SCc ``dG
j``T jNCG jOdG ``MCG ``dEG OdG G``g ``e J J e Sf Md Y IQY dG Ggh
``Hh O``eY ``H ``Y I``c e``e ``KK
d a KdG IYCG GSG jh ,e UCG U gHh ;( ) ``MdG Y jh``e a``e
dG Gg c MCG h``M bh .H a ``UGbCG k 64 ``d
J M ,``SdG a kHe ``k gP ``Ub
:HdG dG d
:dG
:bdG :SG 609
dG ,fOCG ShCG ``SdG a dEG Q``dG 5 dG a
4 d ``eRdG ``dG e ``e OY ``bCG O``jEG ``e
(Babylon) HH
``T ah jCG O``dG dEG ``jCG O``dG ``e ``UGbCG CG j .hdG fg H d GfCG MCG g ``dG G``g
,H a dG ``f e Ub Vh Y gh ,``aVEG CGj .aVEG ``YGHh ``HdG e j``e IH ``J
a 1 ``bQ MCG ``UdG ``Vh ``j ``fCG ``j G``gh g c ``jCG OdG ``a be ``UGbCG ``YH ``dG
.4 bQ MCG UdG UGbCG ``J CG g dG .``fOCG ``TCG a ``Ve
,fOCG ``ddG ``SdG a dEG Q``dG 6 ``dG ``a ,Gk ` NCGh ``UGbCG ``J ``H ``jCG O``dG ``dEG ``d c ``a
4 d eRdG dG e O``Y bCG OjEG e ``dG
IYdGh .``Y g dG bdG ``JdG ``H e
``T ah jCG OdG dEG ``jCG OdG e ``UGbCG NBG Ub ``a Ubk ``J CG g ,``dP ``a ``SSCG
a dG f e Ub Vh Y gh ,jC k G aVEG ShCG jOdG GSG j c ,bCG jOdG b
a 1 bQ ``UdG Vh j ``fCG j G``gh ,``H f A``J c UGbCG ``g d ``jCG dch ``jCGh
UdG a 2 bQ UdG Vh jh ,3 bQ UdG dG JdG dEG J CG dEG dP ah Ie c IMGh
.4 bQ .jCG OdG a
``jCG ``SdG ``a ``dEG Q``dG (4, 3, 2, 1) R``dCG ``a
dG ``e e OY ``bCG OjEG ``e ``dG ,``fOCG
OdG e UGbCG g e 5 K 4 K 3 K 2 d eRdG
.dGdG Y jCG OdG dEG jCG
1-4 e dG 5 dG 6 dG
2/16/16 10:21 AM
 223 dG d OGYCG
:HdG
:dG
:bdG :SG
dG jdG dG
k cCG d dG iMEG J e k dZ
UH L
d l e bGdG a dh - GQOEG e Gv a Y k ? HV Ud
.dhdG Y O``dG e M eQ ``T dEG ``WG
``X QOCG ,``dG ``Y j``S ``WN I``f ``H
``g ``e ``jdG GhRCG ``j CG ``T ``dEG ``WGh
dEG WG K .g hCG g A``j c - v FG``Y dG
.e IMGh Y j CG dG Gg
QdG Y J CG j ,iNCG Ie LGJ eYh
.Hc hCG IQU J IdG dG fc GPEG e
?YdG g b a VjdG dG cG j g
4
,2 ``N ``J CG ``Je ``HQCG ``L ``j
JdG ``g ``J ``jh .``e ``jW ,16 hCG
2 2 ``e ``e ``He ``a ``jN W``SH ``HQCG
``MCG ``dH (``a) ``Je ``J ``M ,I``Mh
``M ``Yh .``UCG ``dH (``ZEG) ``Jeh
``Ye ``Y ``S ``c ``FdG ``MG
Mh dG dN e ``f kHe ``Y ``S e
1000 Game .indb 223
dG d :HdG dG d :HdG dG d
:dG :dG
613 :bdG :SG 611 :bdG :SG 610
dGh dG jd ce
jk h``e Ye ``j dG ``KdG bQCG ``g ``e (Highly Composite)
e cCG hCG ``jOY ``V UM ``g ``cdG OG``YCG
.Dad VjQ eGdG e (jd cdG) Od dh ,dhCG OGYCG
OY g 12 dG ``S Y ;e bCG OY CG ``e ``cCG
``S jdh 12 e ``bCG OY ``Lj ``fC ;``jd ``ce
.1, 2, 3, 4, 6 ,12 e 12 OdG jh .eGY
d OY dH ,GdG ?``ddG jd cdG OdG ``e
.eGY 8
g .FK ``T a OGYCG ``J fOCG OG``dG ``j :HdG dG d
:dG
``a eG``SG ``c ``ae ``j
:bdG :SG 612
?53 Y dG
?63 Y GPe
(Binary Abacus) FdG OGdG
e Ye e WH ``SdG ILCG b j
2 ``SSCG hCG FdG ``dGh ,``fhdEG ``JdG
dG CG e ``ZdG Yh ,edG Y ``d ``g
CG j ``fEa ,a 0 h 1 ``bdG ``j ``FdG
.U bQ CG j
(Bits and Computers) SdG ILCGh dG
J dG ``FGhdGh .bj ``fEa ,AHdG ``aJ dG ``a ``SGdG ``YGH e ``ZdG ``Y
.0 dG J J dG FGhdGh ;1 dG J d fEa ,BG a dGh H``dG dH
(Binary FdG dG SSCG 0 h 1 bQCG t oJ .JdG ``e Ye ``e H ``cCG ``SSCG ``a
jh ,SdG ILCG a dG Numbers) fhdEG FGhdG e BG e MGh c ``jh
e IOYh .FdG bd GkQNG ,(Bit) vH ``bQ c
f Y bZEG hCG I``FGdG a ``SdG RL a
S hCG fK e SS e SdG ILCG eJ
fK e ``Ye c .IMGdG I``dG a H ``Y e f aJ ea ;ge H j``Sh e
.RdCG .(Byte) jH J H eYh ;``SdG j ,IFGdG N e AHdG
2/16/16 10:21 AM
 OGYCG dG d 224

:HdG dG d :HdG dG d
:dG :dG
:bdG :SG 616 :bdG :SG 614

dSQ q Y
(Binary Grid) FdG dG
d GvL e jfEG dH d``SQ Lj
IQcdG HQCG Hs dG ``T a e
(Q-Bits) s dG (c) OY ``M ``Je G``SG ``J ``g .``YCG
WdG Jd ``dG dG e jdG ``g Q``dG Y dG ``dG ``a IO``LdG ``dG
dh .He 44 e fe T Y Y ``dG ``dG ``a IO``LdG i``NCG ``edGh
Hs dG GdCG e J jH J CG j g ?dG dSdG J Y Qd
?aM c W Y He IQhdG
j ``dN e ``dGh ,``dG ``e dG ``g G``g
.aJ d N e hCG OH :HdG dG d
c Y dG HdH dG Z u ,OH dh :dG
HJ e :``ehdG d CG``d k ah 615 ``dG ``e :bdG :SG 615
He KK
dG dG ``dG O``Y e .``edG G``dG FdG dG
Y H ``UdG ``dG ``fG ?``gJ CG ``j
L dL T jd e Hk CG iS ,dG H e QJ H jJ j MGh He g c GPEG
w
.GvL .JGQN jOhe ie ae dG e fEa ,fd
N N e CGHG ,NBG ``T e v ` aJ dh ``HQCG ``a ,``a ``fdh ``He ``jd c GPEG ``eCG
``YdG Q``j .``SCG ``dEG ``Lhh ``Hs dG .fOCG VdG dG Y jd e MG
He HQCG
g c .``MdG ``Y ``fjh ``HdG h``dH e jT jd dG MG J CG J g
``Hs e CG ``Y ``j ,O``dG ``dG ``a ``dG KG JdG e He ae Y GPe .Hs e ``KK
.``aGM ``W ``Y ``fGdCG ``a ``HJ CG ``eJ ?KG a
d k ah ``HdG Vh j ``dG NCG ``YdGh a KG ``JdG e ``adG jH ``eb O``H
.FdG g t jo YGdG dG ``b jd j ``a ,``U ``jH ``KG
CJ ``Sh ,cM I``Y ``S e dCJ d WCG ``d) (BITS-Q) ``dG ``cJ ``d ``d ``dG
,e ``d bCG Y Q``dG j ``a .``MdG (616 dG
He
e jdG d ``eRdG Hs dG e O``Y ``bCG ,CG
?cdG

1000 Game .indb 224 2/16/16 10:21 AM

 225 dG d OGYCG

.fGdCG ``Y ``Y GQG``J e ``L ``dEG ``k L ,``fOCG :HdG dG d :HdG dG d
:dG :dG
20 dEG 11 eh ,hCG dG a 10 dEG 1 Hs dG bJ
:bdG :SG 618 :bdG :SG 617
1 Hs dG J ,MJ ch .Ggh fdG dG ``a
.dG Se LhR k g 100 h GhRCG He 1 SGdG dG
``dG GhRCG ``Hd b``j ``dG ``bdG ``a (Posi-Nega Q-Bits) ``H e``Se ``H v ` SGS `k `T ``b
s GPEG
?c
(Q-Bits) ``dG -``c ``d ``dG ``dG ``J e ``MGH ``HhdG ``ceCG A``e ``j ,``ShDhQ
d GPE` a .e g ``c ,dG G``dCG ``e ``fd
,e f fCG Y ``SfG h GQhdG ``j
k ``Y ``J ,``g ``Lj
``j ``a G k``ja ``f
e Y ``S YCG d .jdG H gDh``fEG
?jNBG KG Y QdG j g -

:HdG dG d
:dG
:bdG :SG 619
2 SGdG dG
b ``S dEG v ` SGS `k `T ``s bn GPEG
MGH b c Cs Yh ,SEG IQU Y
dEG ``j e Y ``a ,``fd ``e
k Y HQCG
.G kja f
j ``a .e ``Y KK ``d ``j
?Oe e Cx G ae

1000 Game .indb 225 2/16/16 10:21 AM

 OGYCG dG d 226

:HdG dG d :HdG dG d
:dG :dG
:bdG :SG 621 :bdG :SG 620
dG GcCG e KdG GcCG YN
``g ``c ,``dhdG ``Y G``cCG ``S ``V
Q``SG GPEG .bGh hR CG N .e
a ,GdG e OY CH GhRCG b ``a
dG GcCG d ``S bdG e
GcCG fc d Y GPeh ?``e c
?HdG dG .YCG e ``g c ,dhdG ``Y GcCG ``KK ``V
e ``SCGQ Vh a ``KdG GcCG ``Vh ``ag
.MGh bh a Hc J ``H ,GN K ``a
:HdG dG d H ,gdG a w S Gg CG J b j``S HJ
SGdG e GhRCG jJ :dG
VCG ``SGS ``TCG e LhR :bdG :SG 623 ?eJEG j cdG e OY CG
k ``Y KG ``Lj dEG ``L KdG G``cCG ``YCG ,``J CG O``H
? Y dG SGdG dG e .HdG e WG ``K .``fOCG ``e ``g ``c ``dG ``VdG
.HdG QGJ FbUCG

:HdG dG d
:dG
:bdG :SG 622
WdG IOQe
(AGdG ``dG) W``dG dG g a OQ``j
,c``dG ``Hhj .(AG``dG ``dG) ``dG
``j .d IQh``e IFGO ``dEG I``FGO ``e ``jh
Vh ``e ,``dfG ``Y ,``J GPEG ``dH W``dG
``j g AGdG ``dG ``Y AG``dG ``f
?cM Y e bCG a dG Y dG WdG
j``dGh HQCG dG Vh dP H j g
e hR c j H ,SGdG ``dG a L
?f dG d edG dG VCG

1000 Game .indb 226 2/16/16 10:21 AM

 227 dG d OGYCG

:HdG dG d :HdG dG d :HdG dG d

:dG :dG :dG
:bdG :SG 627 :bdG :SG 626 :bdG :SG 624
FGdG JdG jdG adG a e QdG d a f
a c (1, 2,3) be IA``VEG Je KK ``eeCG Aj VQCG HdG a ``KdG JdG g ``MCG he f a dhdG Y a IY ``S VJ
d ,i``NCG aZ ``e ``j ``gMCG ,``dG e CG ae g Yh .jdG adG a dG .e g c ,GdCG
adG ``g e Aj ``JdG ``g CG ``J d ``j dh ,``dG A``j ``KdG ``JdG ``e ``a ``KG ``J CG ``d M`
k `e c GPE` a
OQCG GPEG .``k L a ``dEG J ``dd ,i``NCG cCd ``jdG adG ``dEG a I``MGh Ie ``gdG Sh J CG j a ,IjL bGe dEG dG
adG g e ``j KdG JdG CG ``ae .AdG e ?MGh d e aCG U a JdG jd
ad ``JQjR N e CG ``cG j g
``a ,``a I``MGh I``e g IAVEG Je e
?dP a S ah ``dG ``dG
?dG Gg

:HdG dG d
:dG
:bdG :SG 628
YdG dG jJ
``e ``fL A``e ``J ``g ,``a ``fd G``SH
jW IY fH Y``dG d ``dG fGdG :HdG dG d
UH ``SfGh fGQhdG ``J ?e :dG
.dG Gg a ak NG :bdG :SG 625
dG ShdG S
e ``g c ,``e M ``a ``ShJ ``J ``Vh
H MCG SdG Qhj CG j JG CG a .fOCG
?YdG QY JG a NCG SdG Qhj

1000 Game .indb 227 2/16/16 10:21 AM

 OGYCG dG d 228

:HdG dG d :HdG dG d
:dG :dG
:bdG :SG 632 :bdG :SG 629
IOdG jJ GcCG b
e ,YCG dEG ``gs a Lh L G``cCG b ``j
dG cdG OY e .Ie c a GcCG KK b N
?dP a eS

HQCGh AG``M ``M HQCG G``S ``jW ``Y Q``dG :HdG dG d

H ,R``dG ``e M ``S IO``b c ``a ``Lj
``TCG ``SGQO N e .UCG bdGh dG ``MCG
``g ,``dG ``a ``VdG I``Y ``KG ``FdG
?IY ddG IOdG jJ f J CG J
:HdG
:dG
:bdG :SG
dG dG GO`` dG OY `` J CG j g
M `` N G`` SH `` Y `` j
`` Mh `` He AG`` M
?He AGN
:dG
KdG J ``S dG jdG g ``e a AG``N
:bdG :SG 630
JG a QhJ eY HdG Y R``dG e c ``fdG
CG IQhV e ZdG Yh ?IOdG M Y``dG QY
1 IcGdG Y hCG FdG OGYCG
J Cs G ``a ,dGdG Y ``KdG a ``dG ``J
1 bQCG e c dG KdG VhCG ``J j
.IQhe KdG
(a) Vh a eEG ``J b H Je ``KK ``a 0 h
dhCG ``fdG bQCG ``KdG ``g ``J .(``Z) hCG
dG eh .FdG OG``YCG f e (0 dP a ``H)
HQCG ``dEG LM ``g ``LJ ``fCG ``Mf CG ``gd
a dhCG fdG OG``YCG Y d ``Me
k j``Yh
.QdG dEG e g c ,MGh bh
f Vh j ,IcGdG Y hCG (FdG OGYCG) a
Vdh .Je fK Y a edG e ``dG
j ``g .IOdG ``e ``a ``dG ``eCG ,``dG
:HdG dG d
:dG
dG d :bdG :SG 631
633
2 IcGdG Y hCG FdG OGYCG
IOdG MCG RdG e M fK e IOb Y j ``g
``j M ;``NCG R``dG ``e ``M ``fKh
HQCG dG e fdG ``L dGd
I``Y ``dG FdG OG``YCG ``J ``dG)
N e ``e ,(0 ``dP a ``H ,``dhCG
a J ``fCGh ddG R``dG ``KK
?IOdG M YdG QY JG

1000 Game .indb 228 2/16/16 10:21 AM


1000 Game .indb 229 2/16/16 10:21 AM
 MGh dG dG d 230

:HdG dG d :HdG dG d
:dG :dG
:bdG :SG 636 :bdG :SG 634

dG dG
``a ``dG ``TCG ``e ``dG ``dG ``j
,dG dG Y dG M e AdG FGhdG
:JBG hdG dG dG j dHh
QGH IOLe I``FGdG h ,dG IQ``TEG ``JCJ ,``jdGh ,``FdG ,``Ue ``dj ``e c``T ``a
. SGdG dG ``d ``dh ,``eh ,``dh ,``S ,``e c J``dGh
edG dG
fH IOLe I``FGdGh ,dG IQ``TEG JCJ ,MdG dG g JdG ;JdG Gg Y IQhdH M ,SG g d ``SSCG ``dG ,dG a
.dG cCG ``J ,``S CG e LhdG eh .bCG ``jh Y e ``dEG U
s jo ``dG IOdG ``dG ``g ``j
fH jOLe Z ``SGdG ``dGh IFGdG .jdG e U
k ``SG j CG ``jh ,cCG hCG ``MGh ``SSCG
.HdG x Xh ae j g ,edG g e dC` e JCj a ,U dG dG ``fc GPEG
?e c
.S e d VJ Sd jJ
.HdG j Y OLe dG
?dG TCG J OJ CG J g
:HdG dG d
:dG
:bdG :SG 635
edG ``e GAk L ``g EG CG ?``Hk Pc ``FdG c ``g
:HdG dG d ?H e jo d dG
AdG
:dG ``dG OGQCG ``dh ,``fDd A``H AG``T e Q``b
dG
:bdG :SG 637
37 :dCG
fGdG ``d e Xe e C` S .``j
Ia - Ia .z?AdG g J g{
``c c Q``J A``dG ``g{ .``VH ``FdG ``LCa
,``W ``Wa I``dGh ``MdGY ``dGG i``d
.zJ
``jh
Y .I``a ``bCG ``Y ``e G k``MGh EG ``d `
``e ,jh``e ``dGh ``dG ``f CG ``VGaG
VGaG ,FdG ``j e d k e GdG dP ch
?Ia NBG dG j CG MG , AdG J dhe e ``TCG H dh
b ,dG
.e IMGh c j d fEG

1000 Game .indb 230 2/16/16 10:21 AM

 231 dG d MGh dG

:HdG dG d :HdG dG d :HdG dG d

:dG :dG :dG
:bdG :SG 641 :bdG :SG 640 :bdG :SG 638
GhdG dG dG dG LGe
a c .``eQCG NCG LQ h``J ,IY G``S b e .e bGe HQCG a f dG Gg j Qm GL c a Iaf Y j e AH j c
?dP dG AdG d ae j g ,edG g LGJ a Iaf c J CG Y ,HQCG fGQL e
?dG dG d (Y hCG) ?dG

:HdG dG d
:dG
:bdG :SG 642
dG aO

:HdG dG d
:dG
:bdG :SG 639
JZ
``ek J ``J ``dh ,``jZ ``fOCG ``dG h``J ``b
``o J ``M .i``NCG F``T ``jfEG ``c CG ``e
c a c (O) `dCGh ,(tough) c a c GH ` `dCG
eW
k d a ``Na e e fEG ``LQ ``W
.(emotion) c a c (ti) h (women)
dEG f ,dG ``d GhMCG eYh ,dG ``gH
.IQJdG Y YCG MdG c K hj dG iNCG F``dG jfEG dG ``e ,PEG
?(Ghoti) e f
CG``b ,``dG ``Se ``dEG O``dG ``LQ ``eYh
.a db HdG OGQCG e ah MdG
?HdG c dG jfEG IQdG ae j g

1000 Game .indb 231 2/16/16 10:21 AM

 MGh dG dG d 232

:HdG dG d :HdG dG d
:dG :dG
:bdG :SG 644 :bdG :SG 643
dG b fdG QdG
OU dh Pc g ``eEG ``g ``KdG ``dWCG Q``dG ``e O``Y ``MCG i``d
``g .``bOU hCG ``HPc OY CG Y GPE` a ,fdG
OU fEG j g
2 ``Lh ``Y ``jJ ``j ``j ``e A``bQdG Q``dG
``j ``e ``en ``dG O``Yh ,``gOY (__1) ``oJ
9
3 ?dG HQo ``j e AG``dG Q``dG
Q``dG O``Yh ,``bdG (__1)
4
e (__1) ``Ko ``j AG``dG
3
1 GPEa .``c ``dP e ``J
``NCG ``dG CG ``Y
``f Q``dG ``J ``e
.OeQ
Qd jdG dG e
?AdG
``j O``Y ``bCG ``eh
?QdG OY dLEG

:HdG dG d
:dG
:bdG :SG 645

UdG e a ,RCdG Gg e hdh .jdG ``N

KG KQdG HJ gHh ,dG Y W J a
dG S
.GdH Ra hCG cdG MG dGh ,jL e ``KQh ``Y CG QG``WCG ``jZ R``Y ``LQ ``Uh ``J
``SdG dG MUh ,d ``H dG ``KG
?LdG Uh H KQGdG GdG e dP j c
Y``dG Y ``dG LCG .c GdG ``Y ``S
fM j CG Y r KQGdG c Y d ,,d IO``dG

1000 Game .indb 232 2/16/16 10:21 AM

 233 dG d MGh dG

:HdG dG d
:dG
:bdG :SG 646
(Hangman Game) dG
c j ,``jdG ``dG d e QG``UEG G``g ``a
e c ``a gc ``u j ``M ,``dG ``Y ``YdG
dG Md Y WdG e GkOY Njh ,hM ``S
.jdG dG a hd jhe
;Ie c ``a G kMGh ``ak M h``dG ``f ``YdG O``j
n a ,j``dG ``dG ``e GAk ``L ``dG c GPE` a
a ``No
Ie e cCG GQk ``e ``dG c GPEGh) ``SdG W``dG
.(a OQh dG f GdG OH N n jo CG a ,IMGh
``SH NBG YdG CGj ,``U ``Z ``dG c GPEGh
``K ,``dH CG``j ``M ,I``e c ``a ``VdG AG``LCG
``S Y f GPEGh ,Y dG Ld ``dG AGLCG
g d ``j .``LQ ``T ``S ,U ``Z h``M
j CG ``j ``c ,``jfEG hCG ``HdG ``dH ``dG
.aVEG hT Y YdG

:HdG dG d :HdG dG d
:dG :dG
:bdG :SG 648 :bdG :SG 647
HCG HdG fdG GdG S
d``SdG I``T ``S ``SCG ``a ``dG ``dG EG Ic KKh AG``M I``c j``Y Y A``Yh ``j
g I``T a j a .``YCG a ``dG ``jfEG e ,``dEG ``dG hO ``e I``c ``S GPE` a ,A``bQR
?dSdG ?AGM IdG J CG MG

1000 Game .indb 233 2/16/16 10:21 AM

 MGh dG dG d 234

e ``jdG ``Ff ``Se ``g ``MCG ``H ``a
g YdG TCG SG{ .FGdG FGHG GMCG
zaOdG O``e ``g QG``b hCG ``HLEG CG CG ``j G``g
(Mark Twain) jJ Qe J GMCG a ;NBd jh``e LQO Y eCG
J ,``fGdG ``J ``Y GPEGh ,``MG ``fGb
GQGdGh ``LQCG ``HLEG Y Q``dG a ``Ua
f g Ga ;dG MG e JdG IdG
hCG ddG e Jhe LQO g .cCG I``YGdG
.MG jf a QuW dG dG
M e fQe ``j M ,jH ``d ``dMG
GjdH ``gY dG jh ,``HdG ``bKe
(Chance) aOdG
``a ``VjdGh ``dG ``dG ``j
e bGh Z ``dY a dG dEG ``jfdG ``SQdG
GD` S c ``Y ``HLEG ``j ``M ,``dG ``dG
hCG (U) ``eEG g QGb ch ,() hCG (``f) ``H
.(CN)
M ; keJ e e dG ddG dh
U GQGdG e dGh HLEG e dG sEG
d ``c OdG ``dG ``j .``v c C` N hCG ``v c
SGh f Y gGd gdG JdG .fGdG

:HdG dG d :HdG dG d
:dG :dG
:bdG :SG 650 :bdG :SG 649
LdG e bCG Y G kMGh CG Y ``T GJ GPEa
bQCG s e ec ?``dG ``J ``a ,``dG ``b ``Y ``M ``b
dG a
dG fGdG Y c ``bQCG L ``J g MGh j CG ``dMG CG ``J ``g ,i``NCG IQ``Hh GdG Nh .``dG H Y Jb LQ ``S N
?fOCG dG bQCG s e e e cCG g UdG ``b Y ``dG LdG ADg ``e ``dG LdG OY eY ,dd ;``dG GQhCG ``dG
?(0^5) .FGY SSCG Y dG GJ ,VdG H

1000 Game .indb 234 2/16/16 10:21 AM

 235 dG d MGh dG

(Probability) MG
bh ``MG ``jJ j ``Y ``f ``Yh .Q``NCG e ,H FGY M dEG J (0.5) dGh ,e .``e ``M ``j CG ``feEG ``g ``dMG
:dOdG WSH dG .(Hc hCG Lh) IMGh Y eQ HLEG ``J dG ``SCG ``MG ``SGQO h``Jh
h
P=___ ,(kfMCG) ,(HQ) ``e edG dH ,``Y
N .MG fQe j ,L OGYCG e
dG Fd dLEG OdG g (N) M .(kjJ kFGO) hCG (MCG e c a)
``M ``a ``VdG G``MCG ``MdG ``j
``dG IO``dG ``FdG O``Y ``g (h) h ,jh``dG g e ,``dG a J Ke GMCG MG ``Sb ``j ,(``HQ) ``Vh ``d ``ak Nh
.Y MG oJ ``LGd GOG``SG ``a ``e QhO ``d H``dG `
k `e ``dG c GPEG hCG ,H``Mh MG
dG OdG e j ,dCG e c a ``a ``j ``dG ``ceCG ``a ;``dG QG``dG dMGh .``bQ ``b g ``dGh ,``jJ ``a
e `
k `H ,dG ``g (``V hCG) ``e ``MG ``Y MG ``HdHh Q``YEG h``d Je ``MG (0) dG J H .dG dG e aGJ (1)
dEG (h) ``e MG ``oJ .Ybh ``dMG edG Y jQJ j ,e GddG hM H a J dG ``dG eCG .``e dG CG
,(1/5) ``H KhM j d ``dP ,(N-h) J Y ``J ``dG P``fEG d``SCG ``Y ``dG Le A``dG Gg CG (0.7) :M GkjJ a
.(4) c e (1) g MG J J ``Y a ``j dG ``WdG ``a IO``LdG M dEG QOf AT Y J (0.1) dGh ,e M dEG

:HdG dG d
:dG
:bdG :SG 651
MG ce
,SdG a ,ShOdG YCG e Ic IY ``S WoCG
NGO ``dG jf ``a ``S dG G``dG O``Y ``e
?MG fGd k ah ,dG dG e IMGh
a dG I``dG MG dBG Y dG Gg j
(Francis dZ ``fGa b e ``Y ``SdG dG
Y GQk O``b ``J ``d ``fCG ``e ``ZdG ``Y PEG ;Galton)
DdG ``Y QOb fEa ,``jOa Ic CG ``bh ``c ``cCJ
DdG dG e .GdG g e c OY jRJ H
GMCG e Gk c GkOY d ,MGh FG``Y M bH
Gg Mh ,``MG ``fGH eY k ``J FG``dG
j IgdG ``g a GdG e v ``f dG O``dG
.dBG g Y c Y Ia

1 2 3 4 5

1000 Game .indb 235 2/16/16 10:21 AM

 MGh dG dG d 236

:HdG dG d :HdG dG d
:dG :dG
:bdG :SG 653 :bdG :SG 652

(Brontosaurus) dG Ua
Ua J M VGaG bGdG d a QJ fCG
GQUjO KK hCG ``MGh UQUfhH QUjO ``b
MG CG Ja fch .hdG jb e f S .MGh U a UCG (Stegosaurs) SQSS
.GvL V f dG a iNCG jb J CG
jdG FGb
``SCGQ Vh QH Y jdG dG eR a b jhQo Q``UjdG ``jg ``Ua CG k ``e ``J ``c GPE` a
?U
k J c g MG CG M a ,``S e IMGh g ``UQUfhH
fL ``a a ``N e -``jQV ``ce A``KCG ``a-
.1/2 g SQSS e IMGh jg
?QNG Y jH Ca

:HdG dG d
:dG
:bdG :SG 654
gdG bYdG
``H ``We ``gh I``gR ``NGO g``T b``YO ``bh
GY dG G``M e L ,``dM QhJ I``M I``Y
.S QfR a IMGh
``d ,13 ``JJ I``M c cC``J CG b``YdG Q``b
.QfdG j CG J
CGJ CG Y j GdG g IFGO e IM CG a
ah QfdG s Jh ,c (12) G``dG cCG e d
?cCG jW

1000 Game .indb 236 2/16/16 10:21 AM

 237 dG d MGh dG

:HdG dG d
:dG
:bdG :SG 655
cGdG H jdG jdG
j``dG ``jdG ``eY ``UH (``M ``a) ``Xh ``d
(Alpha Q``S dCG FdG dG ``a cGdG ``H
e cdG f Y hD` e fCG j e ``gh ,Centauri)
IY j QGe a FdG dG dEG FdG AdG
j CG FdG cd j .ba (Zerks) c``jR
j jC k Gh ,``fCGh cGdG :``MGh bh a ``a ``T
dG ``dOe aZ ``a QfG ``L c``dG ``Y
.NCG cGdG Uh M FdG dH
a fc dh ,``YdG e dN ``dG g ,``eY k
MCG Y c .(OG``M) CG hO ``e AdG ``e ``M .GdG H Kk OM ``j CG j dG dOe aZ QfH cQ KK c M ;v M SHck GdG iMEG
KdG c jdG a dh ,Ie e cCG aGe cdG J GPEGh ,T d cBG ge c ,JdG QOf Y Yh ``j YHQ dG jZ ``eh geh ,QO``f ;``f
g .dG dOe ``aZ e ``H hdG Y jQOb a ``dG dG Gg dG ,FdG dG e Mh ,hCk G ;c dG GfCG a J bh ,FdG dG
?dP a c ae j .IMGh fK a gMh co J dd ;``M dM a geh QO``f c
cdG d jW Lh dh ,d eCG b``SG

:HdG dG d :HdG dG d
:dG :dG
:bdG :SG 657 :bdG :SG 656
bdG dG dG IgX gGdG h t dG
o
IQ``dH I``MGh :``Y ``K ``jd CG ``VaG ``bJ dEG fCG ``YL AYCG ``fOCG IQ``dG ``J
,Je ``Hc I``MGhh ``JQH I``MGhh ,``HdGh j GPe ``ae j g .``jd dG ``jZCG
IMGh Y S GPEG .b a L Vh bh ,dG MCG fCG
?e w c
dhdG ``Y ``e IQH ``Vhh ``dG ``e .GOk GL d SG d
fdG j CG ``MG a ,dEG dG hO ``e j OhCG MCG
?GJ dG fdG e dG d dG .LdG eCG ,dG j L
.q MCG a fCG
.dG Ag

1000 Game .indb 237 2/16/16 10:21 AM

 MGh dG dG d 238

:HdG dG d :HdG dG d
:dG :dG
:bdG :SG 659 :bdG :SG 658
dG dG jHCG hdG Hs e
jfEG ``J f a``dG ``UdG ``e w c u ` j jfEG
j a ,NBG Y UGbCG MCG Vh GPEG .``UN ``a ``J ``dG ``adG ``g ``dG ``Hs e
?dSdG ae .jv OYh v aCG dG e f YdG
``aVEG ``j ``g
h``dG ``e ``jdG
dG He d
``Sb ``WdG
?4 4

:HdG dG d
:dG
:bdG :SG 660
1 bQ LCG dG
b ``SCG a LCG e NGO dG J fCG J
iJ dP eh ,He fK a fK gGHo Aa
iJ H ,``ec A``dG ``b a u``J Is ` e c ``a
XdG ``e A``T Y dG ``j .``a ``e AG``LCG
edG e HLEG ``SG dG a dd ;FdG
.IdG jdG
k A``dG b ``T ``J CG ``J g
e ec
?TCG g a gGJ dG dG N

1000 Game .indb 238 2/16/16 10:21 AM

 239 dG d MGh dG

:HdG dG d :HdG dG d :HdG dG d

:dG :dG :dG
:bdG :SG 664 :bdG :SG 662 :bdG :SG 661
LMdG GdG QdH s jo dG dG
G``dH ``dG IQ``e ``a jh``e ``Yh ``Y hdGh
Ic dh ``Jc ``Y i``d c GPE` a ,``LLdG ``jfEG ``JQdG ``d ``M ``j ``g
,Rd ?Y Ra MG ae j a ,IMGh ?fOCG VdG
.Y e HK f b GdG J CG j

(Roulette) dhQ
?dhdG d a Rd MdG dG e

:HdG dG d
2 LCG dG :dG
:bdG :SG 663
LCG ``e ``e ``dG AdG ``dEG ``J ``fCG ``J
A``dG GMh e fe ``d IQU Y ``j
AGLCG jDhQ j .JYb Y 6 6 JdG e ``HdG
J j g .bhCG e bh CG a dG e a
k dG f S H UdG MdG
?ec

:HdG dG d
:dG
:bdG :SG 665
KdG ANCG
j ``g .``fOCG d``SdG ``a A``NCG ``KK ``LJ
?e c cG

1000 Game .indb 239 2/16/16 10:21 AM

 MGh dG dG d 240

:HdG dG d :HdG dG d :HdG dG d

:dG :dG :dG
:bdG :SG 668 :bdG :SG 667 :bdG :SG 666
U dY dG (Anagram) MCG JJ IOYEG
a ``j ``T e 284 e ``KG CG Q``NG adG g a ICe j``S jfEG c LJ CG j Eh N, A, G, R hd e JJ ``a
``dG jg HQ OQCG GPEG .I``dG ``jdG ?acG j g .MCG e g .MG g .e GP jfEG c ``J
``jd ``jU) ``aQe ``e ``S W``SH ?k e Y QdG j
J b (HGhdG hCG) ``SdG e a ,(...jd
?SdG a

:HdG dG d
:dG
:bdG :SG 669
,OY ``YCG ``j ``dG ``Yd ``dG ``FGL ``fc GPEG
idG Y ``MCG e a R``S dG YdG ``n a
FdG OdG M
MdG fGdG MCG c GPEG dG oJ ) ?jdG IdG i``e ``dH eMC
k G A``dG e KG ``j
.(ak e VQCG Y g j jb Of e MGh dh ,O``dG eQ H ``bh
.fGL ``KK ``e ``M IAh``e ``LhCG ``KK ``a
.YCG a e d IAhdG KdG fGdG Jh

1000 Game .indb 240 2/16/16 10:21 AM

 241 dG d MGh dG

:HdG dG d
:dG
:bdG :SG 670
SSCG TCG
NGe ``TCG ``N LJ ,g VdG ``TCG ``a
``g ;``H ``Th ``eh ``e ``e ``e c ``j
?H PdG dG J CG J

:HdG dG d
:dG
:bdG :SG 671
FdG FdG g
dG
dG

G
G

fC
d

k hCG ``ak M ``Fa ``Fc c ``j

``dH d``Sd ``ZGa

``Y ``d ``FdG ``FdG ``e h``Yh l ` HQCG ``g
``j ``g .``U ``JH ``d ``dh ,``jfEG
g``T ``d A``SH ``He h``j ``fEG .``VQCG
a FdG ``FdG Vd ``fOCG dG ``e G``SG
cH GdCG HQCG a JCJ PEG ,dGh ``fCGh dGh
?dG dSQ VJh dG JdG
.e

1000 Game .indb 241 2/16/16 10:21 AM

 MGh dG dG d 242

:HdG dG d :HdG dG d
:dG :dG
:bdG :SG 673 :bdG :SG 672
dG IQdG Hs dG tY
?U fOCG KdG GQdG e CG C` Sh ,QdG ``e b ``dG ``aQ
Hs dG O``Y Y QdG ``eJ
.U Z IMGh IQY (1 ,(``S) edG LCG ,fhj dG
.U Z JQY (2 .U HLEG gh
.U Z GQY K (3 C` Sh ,iNCG Ie bQdG dG ``aQ
``dG ``Hs dG O``Y ``Y ``eJ
``fch ,(``fK) G``HLCa ,``fhj
e Gd ;iNCG Ie ``U HLEG
g ``a ``dG ``Hs dG O``Y
:HdG dG d ?GPe CG ,fK CG S ?bQdG
:dG
:bdG :SG 674
QhdG f
QH Qb a Me Iaf eCG LQ KK L
gLh O``SCG NdG ``a ,f N e ``Y
,eCG Gg KdG ha``dG iCGQ eYh ,L
gMCG bJ K eh ,H Y j G``L
?cQOCG dG e ;ICa dG Y

:HdG dG d
:dG
:bdG :SG 675
dG dG
``YoCG ,GkO``Y ``adG ``a R``edG ``g ``e c ``j
e .HQCG e IYCG Kd h ``U d dLEG ``dG
?eQ c b J CG feEH g ,edG g

1000 Game .indb 242 2/16/16 10:21 AM

 243 dG d MGh dG

:HdG dG d :HdG dG d
:dG :dG
:bdG :SG 677 :bdG :SG 676
adG
HQCG dG GQhCG N GdG S
bQh Y ,dG GQhCG e GQhCG HQCH dG CGHG Ic hCG AGM Ic Y eEG ``TdG e ``c j A``TCG sCG I``e (Aristotle) ``SQCG ``cP
jNCG ``KG Yh ``MCG dH ``TCG ``e ``dG Gg ``a ``fK AG``M I``c ``SG ,A``bQR eY ``dh ,``jd ``be ``g ``dG ``Z
.Qa fL dh ,QRCG dH TCG b ,jhGM ``Jc ``Y BG ``j UCG ``dG ``J ``dG ``jdG ``adG ``dEG O``dG ``j
EG ,``SCG ``f ``gLh ``Vh ``dG GQhCG ``NG ,dG e AGM Ic ``a ,dH e ``T
dG IdG J CG dMG ``M feEH g ``dG ``a ,``ej IQ``H ``M hCG vY``SCG
``J CG ``dMG ``e ,v FG``Y ``bH ``NG
?f dG e bdG k G AGM
?jC h bdG Z ``dG e jdG CG ``SG
g dMG ``f C` H ``j CG ``jU h``j .ahdG fGdH MT j
KK g ,dG Gg N ``e , g ``UdG
MGh hCG ,QRCG ``gc hCG ,``MCG gc :``MG (Lewis Vaughn) ``Za ``jd Q s``M
,f dG e f e KG c Gh - d c e
``g ``dMG E` a ``e ``a ``dG ``dG ``Y ``a ``dG
g ,KK c e KG GMCH D` dG ``HJ Q``NCG ``e (Skeptics)
?bG kVe dM UH gOS jW Y eGdG
:JBG dH jCGQ

``e ``JNEG ``H H``dG ``LQ ``JJ c

``H ``S ``JJ ``jHCG ``e c c ,``jHCG
``gh) ``dG ``j ``a O``de ``LdGh ,``JNEG
,1907 ``Y H``dG ``dG ``ah (H``dG ``dG
jdG A``TCG e jdG c JM I``e G``W
UCG dG ``S bdH e ``ch d ``J
:HdG dG d ,j``dGh H``dG Oe ``Y a ,``M ``bQ
:dG
KdG IRQdG :bdG :SG 678 jQ SG kfM iCGQh ``dG Qe dEG gP
H IQe cCG ae GYh Sh MCG OGQCG H``S ``fCG ``Y ``FdH `
k `e AG``dG
KK iLCG ,IM a GdG eQ N ``e fch ,H``dG ``dG ``e H``dG ``HGdG ``e
eh ,hCk G I``dG e``S e GhQd Yb Y AbUCG gGQh ,MGd S Ra MG
dEG IMGh Ic e MGh c ej ``K
dG A``L d ,Rj ``S dG G``g CG
.e MGh Rj CG
,G kHCG J Sh MCG eQ EG .HdG JdG a
H dG j b GY dh
e ,I``dG H ``ej I``e c ``a 50% ge ``jJ j ,``LdG b ``eh
e USG feEH g edG g LC .U Z L``SG dEG fOJ ``JGP
?dH RS dG dG
J Y ,``fY ``H adH QeCG ``HQ
a je ``k dZ dG UdG ``fGb ``SG
.vjb bdG fL

1000 Game .indb 243 2/16/16 10:21 AM

 MGh dG dG d 244

:HdG dG d
:dG
:bdG :SG 679
A``dG QN jjdG fehdG jdG
``jdG ``g ``H G``YEG ``M ``d
IdG b Y MGh NBG
GPEG .``TY ``T c Q``NG CG ;j``dG JLGh hCG ch ,ehQ QWGeEG d UCG fCG ``J
a ,IFGO a bGh jd AdG c cCJ CG ``Y k ``S KKh ``S Y GYEH ``dG
G G Qd ``jW ``g
ceCG a ``FGYC jV S s cCJ CG OSCG g J .MdG a OSCG
``j ``S hCG ``fj ``H ``e CG OJ ghe AGYCG ``S gh ,MGdG dG a a
?d gQNG k G jJ dh ,QdG Y SJ
.G kje J CG jC

fdG dG Yb
d O``dG ``g ``e ``b ``eQ ``Ua ``H KM ``MG ``d ``dG ,zh -``gc { Y j CG j MCG fCG e ``ZdG ``Y
,(__12 __12 =__14 ) h``J IQ``U ``T ``Y ``gc ,zhCG -``eEG{ ``fbh ,``j ``e c G``MCG ``e ,fe d I``MGh Yb Y f dG ``Lh
CG ``Y ``a hCG-``eEG ``fb ``eCG .``a (__14) CG KM ``e NBG hCG ``MGh ``MG ``d ``j ``S ``J ``dG ``Yb ``je ``f CG EG
``e dMG g ``KM e ``M CG ``Ua ``Ua CG ``Y ``jh - ``gc ``fb .``KG ,Hc e ``fh IQU ``e f :H D` dG
EG a
k ;``dMG jg ``e h``Jh ,`` keJ MG h``j MGh BG a ``e KM h``M
a Ggh .Y c e 2% Oh``M a dG ``j hCG
hCG IQU ``eEG d fe jf ``b eQ ``Ua M hM MG ``a kHhe j MGh ``M
.MG jf SSCG g ,eCG gL
Ua FGR IQU Y dG Ua h``J Hc jf b eQ Ua EG ,dG ``S Y ;NBG
.e c (1) CG (__12 + __12 ) Hc Y dG ,(__12) h``J IQU ``T Y d I``MGh ``fe fb :dMG AGQh ``j ``ffb ``g

:HdG dG d :HdG dG d :HdG dG d

:dG :dG :dG
:bdG :SG 682 :bdG :SG 681 :bdG :SG 680
IMGh c fdG dG b fdG dG eQ M
``c ``d h``dG ``JJ IO``Y EG ``j ``g b eQ ``Y dG dG ``FdG OY ``e 200 fe ``Y ej CG AbUCG ``MCG e ``WG
?dG dG a IMGh jfEG ?f bdG a dG e CG OQCGh ,FdG J eY.dG ``Sh ,Ie
fdG dG ``eQ v M jU c GPEG ``e ``cCJ
CG ``e ``cCdG ``j ``c .Qhs R CG ``c O``dG G``g
?M fc FdG

dG JJ YCG

IMGh c d

1000 Game .indb 244 2/16/16 10:21 AM

 245 dG d MGh dG

:HdG dG d :HdG dG d
:dG :dG
:bdG :SG 685 :bdG :SG 683
H JYO Y ` k `T a ,aV e Cm G Oe
``f OdG jQJ ``e ``KG ``SJ ``dMG ``J
OdG jQJ d OY CG LhR OY -OdG M
?(0.5) Y cCG KG bCG ``Y a j H O``e M ``ebEG G O``J Oa
dh ,``f dGh ``dG ,``f OdG ``jQJ ``d (Louis QSH jd b
e KG ``SJ d JYO dEG J ` k `T c
jQJ ``J ``c GPE` a .``f ``dG IQh``dH ``d ,Ie GP Pasteur)
?k j f OdG jQJ
dG J UdG{
YO .za dG
Gd Gve c EG f
,Of M eJ eY .dG
gdG OdG j CG Ua e
?v LhR

:HdG dG d
:dG
:bdG :SG 684
Y d OdG M eQ
S bQ
``Y ``dG ``dEG ``J ``dCG ``e ``jdG ``a
Z I``MGh eQ ``J ``e IO``Y ,A``d ``S ``bdG
a ,dG ``a .``S ``bdG ``Y ``d ``ac
``eQ O``Y Dh``YEG ``j I``jdG ``dCG ``H
bCG Y ``S bdG Y dG dhd ``He
dG J c GPEG .IMGh Ie
AdG jOdG OG``YCG AYEG
bCG a ,dhCG ddG a
j dG ed O``Y
?YdG H j CG

:HdG dG d
:dG
:bdG :SG 686
MG UG QRG NG fdG dG
UG QRG NG MG ?GQOEG a dG KDJ ie CG dEG
f ``Y ``fdG ``dG ``e Q``S ``HQCG IAG``b h``M
NG MG UG QRG .c c d b ,dG J CG e H k dh - U
hO e ``dGdG Y ``N e cCG ``J CG ``j ``g
QRG NG MG UG ?CN JQG

1000 Game .indb 245 2/16/16 10:21 AM

 MGh dG dG d 246

:HdG dG d :HdG dG d
:dG :dG
:bdG :SG 688 :bdG :SG 687
dG VY Of M eQ
VY a cQ``d QNG ``J fCG ``J S Y d
IjL IQ``H Rd Ua d J ,``d c a
eMGh ``N IQ``dG LJ .Gv` L ``K M eQ dEG ``J
``HdG ``N IO``b ``Jh ,G``HCG ``KK bQ Y dGh Of
.jNBG BG ``a ``c ``a ``S
HdG e G kMGh jdG jh ,``Hk H QJ eQ N e ``dPh ,MGh
,N O``b OLh ``Y ``a ,``dG .eQ 24 ``k e ``jdG
A``HEG :GQk ``N ``d ``jdG ``j ``M a dP ``MG ``g
dG ``dEG ``jdG hCG ,hCG Q``NG ``Y ?dU
``S g .k e dG Gj M NBG
?jdG VH S CG ,QNH

:HdG dG d
:dG
:bdG :SG 689
S SQ
``c ``J ``eY ,``fH e``SQ ``g
fEG ``LQ ``SG ``J ``S ,``J
.Qe

:HdG dG d
:dG
:bdG :SG 690
.QNG dG MG Y fMCG fCG QNCG K ,KdG MG g ``e MG CG ``NG
k
.k e NBG v KK MG
fe Y K
?RJ CG MG e ,dG Y aGh GPEG
c fe jf ``b K ed MG fK ``g
j CG dEG I``Y Ge dG dG ``eH CGf ``gH
.H d d bCG BG .fOCG Ve g

1000 Game .indb 246 2/16/16 10:21 AM


1000 Game .indb 247 2/16/16 10:22 AM

t ` J ``dG A``TCG ``e ``a ``dEG ``LCG ``J
.vaGZHW ae
jdG Ldd ``SSCG gdG ``Jh
``NGhdG :``dW ``a ``f ``dG Q``aCG ``e
,dG ,HdG ,fCG ,Q``dGh dG ,QGdGh
gdG ``H t ` J ``bGdG ``a ,``fGh ``HGdG
``LddG A``Y ``Y ``WCG ``M ``jd ``SSCG
a H dG ``aj jdG VjdG A``Y
``UCG ``LddG ``d ,``dG ``dG h I``dG
HQCG Nh ,jdG VjdG a jhGdG M
e ``a vY F``e Y ``u oW ``VdG ``S
,SCGh ,MdG e eJ LddG Ch
e ``fCh ,``dGh ``WdGh ,``dG OG``dGh
``Z IO``e t ` J ``a ,``bdGh ``dH
RdCdh ,``dCd ,``dGh ``dG ``JYVH
1000 Game .indb 248
LddG dG d 248
?(Topology) LddG e
``f ``dG t ` j ,``LddG A``Y ``dEG ``dH jbEG SdG Y oj
.IFGO Mh ,VCG RGeh ,kHe : kVGh kY (Geometry)
Y NCjh ,SCG LddG AY `` `SQj jd dG IFGdG Y keJ dG j M
.NBG dEG S e jQGSG dH LddG ,dG ``T e c``dG FdG e dG
dG e fCGh , kLQNh NGO k d CG Mh dEG ``j CG j VjdG e f c ``d dh
aH Q`` `dG hO e NBG `` `dEG MGh `` `e f CG ``cdG ``j :``LddG ``eCd .Oh``dG ``J
IhY ,aGZdG `` `FdG `` `g J ;dG Y dh ``dG hCG jGhdG ``Y ``LddG ``a
dG a kK `` `NGdG IQ`` `dG fC CG Y ``FdG ``J ``dG G``g ``SQj ``M ,``SCG
`` `S hCG M fc GPEG eh ,aGZHW UN GP .jdG X a dM Y j e d
.aGZHW UN g jOe
Qe e jdG SdG Y e dG f
``eCG GPEG ``v aGZHW ``dOe ``T t ` j OY ,LddG dY f Lh a ,``aGZdG
.L dG ``NBc ``d QG``SH ``jJh ``gMCG j``J Ad ``j M ;``e Z ``jGhRh ``dG ``VCG
,AG``dG ``j ``dG CG ``j ``dG ``jdG) t J dHh ,J jGhR d e jJ d``H
da dd ;( kWe j CG hCG dG ,AfG Mh bGdG ``a ,UN gCG GP ``fdG G``WCG
dG g c ,vaGZHW Oe hdG dGh
dh ,``aGZHW UN ``dG ``eG Y ``e
.B jfEG dH dGh 8 bQ a
,dG se MGh fL a e ``NOEG N e
.FdG dh ``gh ``LddG ``a ``SSCG ``e ``g ,bGdG ah .e dEG jJh dG jJ j
:HdG dG d
:dG
:bdG :SG 691
AGdG f
L I``Y ``dG dG UJ ``T C ``j
Y Q``dG ``j ``g ``dh ,``e ,``e Q``e ``a
a dG QdG ? GAGdG e j dG QdG
OjEG j g .jhGR IY ``S d QdG dEG ``SdG
?jhGR IY S jd NBG Qe
2/16/16 10:22 AM
 249 dG d LddG

:HdG dG d
:dG
:bdG :SG 692
1 LddG DadG
c u Mo ``M (a, b, c) ``bdG ``TCG
``dG e IMGh dEG LdW ``T
``e O``jEG ``j ``g .``bdG ``dG
?v LdW dOj

:HdG dG d :HdG dG d
:dG :dG
:bdG :SG 694 :bdG :SG 693
FdG bdG 2 dG dG
dG s dG  a Y c dG j dG G`` `g a
e O``HCG ``KdG ``dG G``g A``fEG ``j ``g YVe i`` `NCG Y g J `` `d GPEG
jW Y ,i``dG QdG e jOY ``e ``b `` `dG dH dG j g .ba
?IMGh Ie Wh He Ge K dG ?L `` `Y j`` `dG J `` `H
?IOLdG dG GWCG OY e ,jC k G

1000 Game .indb 249 2/16/16 10:22 AM

 LddG dG d 250

(The Four-Color Theorem) HQCG GdCG jf

Gg e Y HLEd dhdG OdG QWEG a CG``SCG KZ `` `W e G`` `S H `` `Hh ,1879 `` `Y eCG jW dCe g fc jb bh M
GP ``Ke F``e ``e ``eda ,``dG GD` dG fEG VjQ dY f ,HQCG GdCG dC` ` e .FGdG jJ e edG gh LddG a
S Y ;Wb IQH s oM b G kJ cCG SCG (Alfred Bray Kempe)c GH jdCG `` `SG LQ c `` `Y `` `SdG dG `` `e `` `a
jJ kFGO j fhdG iM Y WQN ,dG ,GdCG `` `N ej WQN LJ fCG Y `k ` `dO (Francis Guthrie) KZ fGa Yj fEG
IQhQb j G kMGh kS CG jdGh .GdCG ``H SM dh bO CN Y oY 1890 Y a dh WdG jJ `` `N e - GfEG WQN Cj
Ad GdCG e cCG hCG ``S j (Klein Bottle) WQN LJ fCG bGdG a XCG M :fgH `` `a ,f dG JQhe We C j H
.L dG WdG .GdCG S J .dG S vjQhV S kfd c AJ bh
``Y ``dBG ``SM ``dEG ``eCG ``MG ``d Id dC` dG g e VjdG AY eJ cC Fb H VjQ dC` ` e IdG g T
``VjdG ``dY e``SG (Super Computer) .kjJ b GDdG VjdG AY `` `H .edG e b e
(Wolfgang Haken and Kenneth ``HCGh ``cg GdCG OY e :GdAa .eY cCG d dG
dC` e uM a (Illinois) dEG eL ``e Apple) ``N dEG `k `a J ``WQN ``MCG ``j ``d J CG j WQN CG EG H ,jQhV J dG
e Ye dEG dC` dG GAL M ,HQCG GdCG Lj fCG ``j CG MCG ``j d ``HdH ,G``dCG IQhdG Wd j h ,jdG g H fe
SdG Gg WSH M eCa ,YdG F``dG HQCG G``dCG dC` e UCG .``WQdG ``g ``e `` `dh ,Ohd adG W Y J CG j dG)
v G``Lh 1976 ``Y ``Hh .``dBG
dC` dG d M F``dG ``HCG ``e I``MGh ``UH ``dG ``S VJ CG dG e ?f dG d (f a a
.HQCG GdCG jH S dG ``eCG ``L ``e ,``M hO ``e ``dG ``VjdG a ;dd ac GdCG HQCG Y j `` `e g CG

:HdG dG d
:dG
:bdG :SG 695
OhdG jdG d
GH 210 e WQN jJ 
?a GdCG HQCG SH WQdG g Ae j g
.dG a k jb QJ b ,WdG Ae a CGH GPEG
GSa Ohe jW a bdG J g HdG EG
dG dG AfEG a T J dG Wd GdCG
dG Gg j e g ,H HQCG GdCG GSG j
.dG e dG a d
GdCG ``e ``MGH ``jh ``e hCG ``YdG Q``j
:HQCG
dG CGe Ggh ,IQh``dG dG fdG YdG ``j
GSG ee d j M -ehdG
Rj dG Ae j dG NBG YdG .f dG
.YGdG g JG Y

1000 Game .indb 250 2/16/16 10:22 AM

 251 dG d LddG

:HdG dG d :HdG dG d
:dG :dG
:bdG :SG 697 :bdG :SG 696
HQCG GdCG hP dG Ub 2 LddG DadG
LdHW d  ``HQCG ``e ``Ye ``cGdG ``g CG ``VaG
t jo e ``jv CG J CG j ``g .R``dGh ``WdG
e bJ ``Y ``JQb ``Jh ,``d ``dG ``g
?v aGZHW k ae
SGdG TCG fG .OhdG jdG H j
``f ``LhCG ``V ``K ,``bGh ``fdG ``Y ``dG
k `T hCG ``YdG Q``j .``dhdG ``Y ``SCG
`
,AdG MdG Y M``e CG Y jh v ` SGS
K .f dG d e e aH Q``J M
``SGdG ``TCG QNH h``dH ``YdG ``j
e OhdG ``Y J ``dG M``dG ``Y ``Vhh
NBG .f dG d ``SGS ``T hCG OhdG e
.FdG t jo SGdG dG Vh e j Y

:HdG dG d
:dG
:bdG :SG 698
dG jJ
a `` ` ZJ `` ` fCG `` ` Vd
hO e dG dG jJ dG acG hCG sEG{
a `` ` f dG G`` ` SG
a .JQhe `` ` e
dG GdCG Od fOCG dG Ea ,LdW g SdG
?dEG J
,k e hCG k He j CG dCS

.ze IFGO d Sa

(Jean Piagt) LH L

1000 Game .indb 251 2/16/16 10:22 AM

 LddG dG d 252

(The Two-Color Theorm) fdG jf

GdG e vLhR GkOY J fdG GP ``FGdG dEG NBG ``J G kMGh `` kWN VCG W``H ;``d GdCG HQCG dEG LM g CG e ZdG ``Y
kU dP j CG j .WJ CG Y J dG Y fdG H u``H ,N c VCG ch ,``WQN jH e``SdG FGdG E` a ,jOdG ``FGd
WdG C ;``a fH ``jJ j ``WQN C dG e MGh fL Y J dG L ``WdG dM gh ,``c OdG Gg dEG ``J b ``UN
.Hhe fd d J CG j cQ hCG WJ ``M ``Y ``e ``J ``dG ``fdG ``WdG .``jdG G``SH FGN ``SQ Y ``J I``ja I``MGh
CG ``jJ ``feEG ``KEG ``j ``dP ``dEG ``aVEH OhdG ``Y J fCG ``M a ,``jdG Oh``dG IU IO``e bQh ``Jh .a ``e ``N
a GPEGh GPEG ``a fH m ``e ``S Y ``WQN KEG ``J j .fdG O``J H I``jdG Gg g .``ac fj ``b GdCG ``e ``KG CG ``dEG
g gh .G``dG e vLhR GkO``Y ``JWd c dG eEG gOhM J dG FGdG Y f ?U
.(The Two-Color Theorm) fdG jf .dG GhdG hCG cCH dG Y J jOdG ``dG ``e ``dG ``j ``dP ``Y ``ddG

:HdG dG d
:dG
:bdG :SG 699
1 WQdG jJ
G``SH FGdG g ``Y WdG A``e j ``g
?GdCG e OY bCG
d ,f a J CG ``f dG e Wd ``j
.OhdG a J CG j

:HdG
j T LddG{ :dG
dG d

:bdG :SG 700

(fhdG) c H dG
.zIdG ah IOdG IOdG
VCG
(John L.Kelley) c L fK e IO`` `dG g Uo
Y `` `e `` `Uh c ,`` `Uh
`` `gh ,`` `e `` `e `` `T
dEG `` `e e `` `g `` `dG
g .`` `VCG `` `Yn `` `e
HGJ JJ OJ CG `` `J
?dUdG dG

1000 Game .indb 252 2/16/16 10:22 AM

 253 dG d LddG

:HdG dG d :HdG dG d
:dG :dG
:bdG :SG 703 :bdG :SG 701
jdG Ie NGdG bdG
jQ OQ`` gL fdCG `` VjdG `` dY bG ``a ``Se ``e G``dCH ``d GQhCG ``fK
Y a `` WQdG `` g dC` `e (Gerhard Ringel) j g .g Ve g c ,NGe f
i`` dG I`` Y i`` MEG h`` dG CG `` J .1950 bdG Vh eY JG dG JdG ae
`` S `` Y `` d ``m VGQCG `` M `` b `` VQCG `` Y dEG ``SCG a 8 bdG J M ;H a
`` d I`` MGh `` e `` LJ ;gQ`` S `` jdG ?edG d YCG a 1 bdG
QGdG `` Vh Y dG `` a IY`` dh .dhO
G`` e FGN J CG hdG J ,`` SdG
CG GdG a e`` dG `` f GdCH jdG
Wd f dG G`` SH .VQCG FGN Y
c FGdG A`` e j g ,`` f OdG d `` dG :HdG dG d
dG `` a `` J IQhe `` We `` LJ `` H :dG
?LJ S dG GdCG OY e ?f :bdG :SG 702
H e IQh``e I``FGO dEG e I``FGO ``e ``UGbCG
OY ``j CG ``dEG H ``b ``dG ``dG OCG GPE` a ,``H
MGh U a HQCG d
``ae UGbCG OY e cCG MGh U a dG UGbCG ``dEG ``j ``e JG``SEG ``dG ``g ``j CG ``j
10 ``Y c ``j C` H ``dG CG``j .U``TCG ``HQCG
Gg a ``ae e MGh Ub ``dGREG a ``ga ,``d
e YdG ``MCG ``j CG dEG dG ``j .``dG ``UN ``MGh ``H ``L ``SH hCG ``bQh ``UGbCG
a ,MGh U a ``UGbCG e UGbCG HQCG ``jJ I``dG UGbCG ``Vh a hdH ``YdG CG``j .``H
.dH FdG g L ``UGbCG Vh ``Hh ,MdG ``FGhO ``Y ``fdG
e Ub ``jJ a QhdH ``Y c CGj ,``MdG ``Y

1000 Game .indb 253 2/16/16 10:22 AM

 LddG dG d 254

:HdG dG d :HdG dG d
:dG :dG
:bdG :SG 705 :bdG :SG 704
dG NGdG AGQRdG LGe
;Hs e 55 T a fdG FGdG Vh j g fdG bQ Y AGQRh IY Vh j g .1
jv b QdGh ``dG OSCG j``dG jDhQ d ``d G kMBGh .Gk ` jRh Lj CG jRh c ``j ``H
?e g c ,dG Y ?a NBG
? dN e FGdG g Vh j dG dG e j H Gk jRh ``Y HQCG Vh j g .2
e jNBG ``jjRh dH ``Lj CG ``jRh c
?AGQRdG
``bQ ``Y Gk ` jRh ``Y ``S ``Vh ``j ``g .3
KK Lj CG jRh c j H fdG
? jNBG AGQRh
jv OYh k aCG fdG a jRdG j ,d .4
dG Gg jh ,Aj He C jv b Feh k
(Fairy Chess) ddG fdG RdCG e

:HdG dG d
:dG
:bdG :SG 706
NGdG
``a I``MGh ``Vp ho ``He ``e GQ``WEG ``KK
``S H ``WdG ``e f .``e ``g ``c ,i``NCG
`m `N Y ``d ``Sh O``jEG ``j ``g .``We
``NGdG ``dG ``WJ ``e ``e j``Yh
?f

:HdG dG d
:dG
:bdG :SG 707
dG
dGh ,QdG dEG dG Y e ,e g c UGbCG J JQ
e e OY bCG a NBG dG dEG dG f g dG Gg `` `e
e IMGh a Ub `` `Vh e dG J dG Gg a) .`` `dG
.(dG fL a dG dG MdG iMEG

1000 Game .indb 254 2/16/16 10:22 AM

 255 dG d LddG

(Mbius Strip) SHe jT

,j``dG ``SCG W Y N ``SH CGH GPEG .ke ``J ``jdG ``dGh ``dG ``TCG
CGH dG ``f dG dEG ec IQhO ``H O``S cCG g e g ``dh ,gd Ie ``VjdG
Yh ,jdG e NBG (fdG) Y dh -e .SHe jT LdWh W``Hh HGZ e YhQ
Ie f J iNCG ec IQhO N e N SQ A.) ``SHe .CG fdCG VjdG dY ``cG

.jGdG f Y iNCG OGYEG j fCG ``Y ``SdG dG a (F. Mbius

ZdG Yh .IMGh aMh ,a MGh fL d S
`` Lh `` dh ,`` d `` e `` SHe FG`` T
Ea ,J dG e hj dG Gg e CG e
`` d G k`` L keG`` SG `` YdG `` SdG
`` T Y bdG Q`` dG soJ e kdZ PEG ;`` jC
k G kjT N :GvL kH GkeCG SHe j``T YU
.YH dG cBJ M SHe FGT adG dCG K ,IMGh jf dh s OdG QdG e

:HdG dG d :HdG dG d
:dG :dG
:bdG :SG 710 :bdG :SG 708
2 WQdG jJ 1 SHe jT
RdCG ``g jJ ``a ``WQdG ``jJ GQ``e ``SG ``SCG dW IQ``H ``SHe j``T ``b GPEG
fH JQhe e CG jJ j .fOCG ``fdG ae j g ,AdG f dEG J M cdG
c jd ``dEG f G``dCG e O``Y bCG ``e .``e ?jd S e
?fdG FGdG e WQN

:HdG dG d
:dG
:bdG :SG 709
2 SHe jT
``dG ``dW IQ``H ``SHe j``T ``b GPEG
e ae ``j ``g ,``adG ``e ``K c ,``dG
?jd S

1000 Game .indb 255 2/16/16 10:22 AM

 LddG dG d 256

:HdG dG d :HdG dG d
:dG :dG
:bdG :SG 712 :bdG :SG 711
hCG aCG ``dG ``a e b``YO ``e ``cCG Rh``j
;``T ``dG ``g ``j CG ``j ?``MGdG O``dG
bYdG d FdG bdG M
,f hdH b``YdG Vh YdG Oj M MGh U a KK dCe  dG KCG ``e jZ b ``SdG Gg Vj
.dG a Rj bYO NBG j dG YdGh fEG ,iJ ``c .bdG ``dG e IMGh b ``e
e QgdG ``e He VH ``J b``YO 21 ``jd eh dG ``NGO YdG ``e KG ``e ,``jFGO
d b``YdG g jRJ j g .He 77 e e d P``f AH j ``g .QdG a ``MGh
Cs Gh ,MGh O``Y hCG aCG ``U a a ``e ``K c ,PdG Gg J ``eY ?QdG e MGh j``T
QXEG a eG``SG j c i``J CG j ``g
MGhh QdG ``a KG CG ,Yd ``ce ``jJ
?NGdG a

:HdG dG d
:dG
:bdG :SG 713
3 LddG DadG
YHQ KK Y HQCG eSdG g J
.``v LdW ``adG ``TCG ``e G k``MGh ``LhRh
k
``g ``Sh OG``fG h``dG ``jJ ``j ``g
?YHdG

1000 Game .indb 256 2/16/16 10:22 AM

 257 dG d LddG

:HdG dG d :HdG dG d
:dG :dG
:bdG :SG 715 :bdG :SG 714
jHCG hdG LdW WQN Y dCdG g J M (2-Pire) e
jQWGeEG e jQWGeEG d WdG e LhR a (M-Pire) jQWGeEG jJ d
jfEG CG jT We a J Ie GdCG jQWGeEG dh ,FGdG RdCG a IT cCG dG HQCG GdCG dCe oJ
eCG GPEG v aGZW `` `ae `` `TCG e KG j ,dP AV Y .f dG JQhe e C j `` J gh dG a KJ iNCG dC` `e g `` dh
a da ;NBG jd QGSH e MGh J Lf dG G`` dCG Od fOCG `` dG ae j `` g d J CG WQdG e e IY Wd `` dG
Y M hCG HdG Y j ,LddG AY Y (2-Pire) jQWGeEG e fdGh fOCG WQdG jd ,f dG dG d d (Empire) jQWGeEG CG
.IFGdG ?hdH a WdG OY Y e fEa ,(M) WdG `` e OY jQWGeEG `` d c GPEa
v aGZW Oj ,fOCG dG MCG a ,E ``da .(M-Pire) dCe ddG g a J
?e CG ae j a .e iNCG hM N dCe K (1-Pire) IMGh e a dhCG dCdG CGJ

:HdG dG d
:dG
:bdG :SG 716
LdG Oe jJ
HQCG) LhCG YHdG :LhCG IOe hCG ,e e OGe N g
``Y KG ,(Lh fK) fdG ``dG ,(Lh ``S) ``dG ,(``Lh
jJ Y JYd .(k Lh h``Y) LdG fhdGh ,(k Lh ``Y KG)
Y ,Ic ``Y jN ``UH LdG O``e c ``a ``dG ``j ,``Lh c
.Leh e Yf
k dG e fCG e ZdG
dEG dG ``dG ``dG ``dG J J ,jdG ``Y IY``dh
e SQ AfE ``TCG jH d ``j Ggh ,e FH dG
ae j g ,dO k UH SdG g GSH .d``H jJ j
?dG dG TCd LdG Ad HdG GdCG OY
.v aVEG k fL oJ SdG GM QN bGdG WdG EG ,cJ

1000 Game .indb 257 2/16/16 10:22 AM

 LddG dG d 258

:HdG dG d :HdG dG d
:dG :dG
:bdG :SG 718 :bdG :SG 717
2 f dG a KG aGj 1 f dG a KG aGj
Vj H ``S a ``dG Md Y UGbCG ``S Vh j g fdG AGQRh LGe 
?f jdG hCG aCG hCG ,jOdG dG e CG Y Ub

:HdG dG d
:dG
:bdG :SG 719
3 f dG a KG aGj
S a S e fe Md Y UGbCG ``S Vh ``J g
hCG aCG ``dG ``e CG ``Y ``Ub ``Vj ``H ,``Hs e fdG `` SdG Y `` HQCG AG`` dG UGbCG `` VJ
?f jdG hCG jOdG e `` KG `` j `` H ,44 `` ae `` a `` dG
a .`` f dG hCG `` aCG hCG O`` dG dG `` Y
N a N Md Y UGbCG `` N Vh j
?f hdH

:HdG dG d
:dG
:bdG :SG 720
4 f dG a KG aGj
AGQRh fdG d 
CG ``j ``H .88 ``Md ``Y ``UGbCG ``fK ``Vh ``j ``g
?f dG hCG aCG hCG OdG dG Y Ub
f``dG ``bQ ``Y ``fdG AGQR``dG ``jRJ ``d ``e ``dG G``g
.ac gJG ``e NBG Gk jRh jRh CG Lj ``H ,Q``dG
v Y KG Y J CG j a
?k e M

1000 Game .indb 258 2/16/16 10:22 AM

 259 dG d LddG

:HdG dG d :HdG dG d
:dG :dG
:bdG :SG 724 :bdG :SG 721
dG b 5 f dG a KG aGj
H Y j dG fOCG dG TCG OY e
KdG dG 
?dG a IOM S e IMGh
j H ,FGhdG ``Y UGbCG ``S Vh j g
?JG CG a f dG N Y e KG

:HdG dG d :HdG dG d
:dG :dG
:bdG :SG 723 :bdG :SG 722
1 fdG AGQRh d LGe
:HdG IdG AGQRdG dC` e M gd e NG
dG d
:dG GdCH AGQRh ``fK Vh ``J ``dG (19 ``dG)
:bdG :SG 725 .e
dG e fOCG dG j e ``fd ``e AGQRdG O``Y ``e :GD` dGh
``j ``H ,(66) ``fOCG ``bdG ``Y ``Vh
GPEa .fOCG e RN M jYh K GP IOb CG Cs G j CG) ``NBG dG ``e ``jRh CG ``Ljo CG
dEG IO``dG d ``jOdG ``dG a ``a ``ZQ v aCG c AG``S MGh U a dG e jjRh
Uh IOYEG ``dP H j H ,I``U G``WCG dEG AGQRdG G``dCG IOjR j .(``jv b hCG ``jv OY hCG
jYh K dEG-MGh e e W c d I``dG AGQRdG jRJ j g d .fd ``e ``cCG
dP d ``eRdG dG O``Y a .R``N ``M ?dP ah MdG g Y fOCG (QRh M)
?e c OYh (1, 2, 3, 4, ...)

2 fdG AGQRh d LGe

L (24) QdGh dG AGQRdG Vh j g
C j H ,YCG (99) fdG bQ Y
?NBG d e jRh CG Le jRh

1000 Game .indb 259 2/16/16 10:22 AM

 LddG dG d 260

,dG e IjY ha a Ic gCG dG da
VJ a ``J dG jdG A``MCG ``Y ``S h
je JhdG ``e c O``Yh DNA AL ``H
VjdG HLEG Y dG Gg YS M ;dG
jW OHCG KK IY a j c :GDdG Y
(Knots) dG
g :I``dG jf ``a hCG GD` dG ``g G``g Y b
k j FGM HQ j T CG
IO``e ``e ``Ye ``e ``d ``j dEG I``dG GdsM ``VjdG A``Y ``dh ,I``dG
e J CG G``Nd Hb Z ``dh ``Sd Hb J rCG bJ a ,dG aGZdG SGQd M
``SdG QU e QU dEG ``dG dG ``N M fd e aW ``a ,VjQ I``Y
g dG CG e ZdG Yh ?HdGh dG d J dG dG cdG g e .d jf
?GvL jh .``SCG ``e UCG ``d ,``MGh ``Ho GP GdG a d ``J ``HCG g OHCG KK
hO e G``J ``e ``ch ,I``c ``e ``M keJ aGZdG ``gdG cCG) .O``HCG ``Kd
gdG ``cCa ,``dG ``g ``HCG ``M ,``HLEG ahdG O``HCG IO``e ``dGh ``SCG ``g
Oe ``d I``dG ``LdW ``Y EG .b``T ``e .(jdG SH
;adG ``VjdG A``d ``aJ ``egG

:HdG dG d :HdG dG d
:dG :dG
:bdG :SG 727 :bdG :SG 726
dG WN dG IY
dM a Gg dG WN ,``eeCG ``VQCG ``Y ``Mhe ,``dG ``e ``b
e JO``T GPEG .jVa h``a ``fc GPEG ``e ``J ``jd ``e ``dGh
O``Y ``e ,``aW c WdG ``f a ``J hCG ``dG ``a ``J ``dG
a S dG dG j a ,dG Vh c Y GkOYGh .dG
?WdG .dG a IY T a aW S
``dG ``Vh ``jW sCG ``Y GPEG ?``e G``g ``g
Gg j CG MG ae j a ,H FGY
?H a ak e fc e H k GkOe dG

1000 Game .indb 260 2/16/16 10:22 AM

 261 dG d LddG

:HdG dG d :HdG dG d
:dG :dG
:bdG :SG 729 :bdG :SG 728
OHCG KK IY dG SGs M
OY bCG e fe OHCG KK IY ``dG Vj (Herbert Taylor) Q``jJ Hg VjdG dY ``s M
Jh ,``f dG d e G``Mh e ``e AGQRh LGe R``dCG a OLdG ``LdG Y CGe ``a
h ,``edG ``gLh ``N ``e ``H ``s dG ``ae ``Y (722 h 723 ``bQ G``dG) f``dG
.ce jf CG LJ dG FdG ``SSCG Y e ``d Ggh ,``eh ``SGS
jd eRdG ``s dG OY OJ CG ``J g dG a ``TG GPEG H dG L``S ;dEG UJ
?dG Gg dP NCG e .SGdG dG a f KdG OdG hCG
dG dG e OY cCG ae j g ,``dG a
?g VdG HQCG dG e c Y Vh j
SGd RdG dG Od fOCG dG ae j g
IMGh f aVEG sEG ``H ,VJ dG ``HQCG ``dG
?g dEG ODj CG fCT e

:HdG dG d
:dG
:bdG :SG 730
gdG M
k 11 Id ``jQ a a ``dG LQ OGQCG
d ,ej
dG MU e Ja ,aj Of jd d
e j c ``Y I``MGh ``gP ``M ``j CG
.``dG Gg a IOLdG gdG M
j dG ``dG e OY bCG ``a
ILCG ``aO ``e ``d ``gj CG
dG ``dEG ``j hCG ``e ``ej ``H
?Y OdG

1000 Game .indb 261 2/16/16 10:22 AM

 LddG dG d 262

:HdG dG d :HdG dG d
:dG :dG
:bdG :SG 732 :bdG :SG 731

aGdG bdG dG
j ,``Je I``Y ``J ``bCG I``Y ``fGd
a fGdG ``oJ ;k e jv fEG ``ak M ``e w c
.bCG a L IdG JdG NJ eY
dh ,dG ddG e je 3.6 g Lj
NGdG ``e bCd ``e ``jd ,``ddG ``d
.Jd SdG TCG J dG
?Jd dG JdG ae j g
?JdG gS dG dG e
IQhe IFGO dEG UdG jJ ,dG dG iMEG
hCG ,d IQhe ZQa IFGO dEG Ub a dG hCG ,ZQa
fG d
.(NBG dEG d e) UdG Lh b j ``M :M JG``SEG ``dG ``g ``a ``Lj
``Y ``Y c ``j .``H ``dGh ``N ``J
e UGbCG HQCH e jJ j dG YdG Rj
fL Y A``bQR hCG AG``M eEG Lh ``d ``UGbCG ``S
UGbCG ``J h ,(AbQR hCG AGM) UdG UGbCG
Y b J eY .NBG fdG Y AGOSh MGh
YCG a ``Ve g c ,(O``SCG ``HdG CG) I``jdG
.Y CG b e f j gY ,OSCG fL
.dG
MdG ``Y IMGh ``b ``T c ``VH ``dG CG``j
e I``MGh ``H ``dG ``YdG h``j ``K .h``dH

:HdG dG d
:dG
:bdG :SG 733
JdG Je
Y ?T S dG HdG
He e e c Je IY J jFGO M
d XJ JJ CG EG cJ CG
;d he JH YVe JdGh ,FGO H
dG H S TCG
k e c Hj M
bCG IY H e G kMGh b
.J JG CH J fC
Yh ;dG a dG dEG fk MCG J d ,e
k kbh NCj JdG J Ea
MCGh .ad jW
e d JdG He H T J g dG
dG JdG e OY bCG e .JdG VGe ae
ae e d jFGdG He T J Y
d OdG JdG eh ?HdG d Y YH c

1000 Game .indb 262 2/16/16 10:22 AM

 263 dG d LddG

:HdG dG d
:dG
:bdG :SG 734

bQdG fdG AGQRh

AGQRdG ``e Ye ``Y ``J ``gh f``T ``b ``g ``bQdG f``dG AGQRh
VjdG ``dY ``cG eY
k ``S e cCG b .``k e ``e ``LdG ``MCGh
bQ Y ``bQdG AGQR``dG e n OY ``Vh ``j ``fCG (George Polya) ``dH Q``L
.NBG gMCG Lj H ,(nn) Me fT
Lj H ,(1010) bQ Y Vh j g ?bQN AGQRh IY Y GPe d
?NBG gMCG

:HdG dG d :HdG dG d
:dG :dG
:bdG :SG 736 :bdG :SG 735
ddG dG dG IQhO
,``dG ``a ``c ``c ``dG ``UGbCG ``Ju Q ,e g c e IQU Y ``dG UGbCG YCG
``UCG G``dG ``dEG I``e c ``MGh ``Ub ``jH ZQa IQhe IFGO dEG Ie c a G kMGh Ub
k fG
be ``j g ,``H ``Je I``FGdG ``J ``eY OJ j g ,dG dG W ``Y
``e O``Y ``bCH ``SGdG ``dGh ``dG ``e c e OY bCG e ?SGdG dG e dG
?dG ?dH d eRdG cdG

1000 Game .indb 263 2/16/16 10:22 AM

 LddG dG d 264

:HdG dG d :HdG dG d
:dG :dG
:bdG :SG 738 :bdG :SG 737
dG jJ ddG GdG jM
eH
Z d ,``dG ``jJ a ``gdG ``LdG ``Zj .UbCG IY Y v FGY fGM I``Y jRJ J A
Vh hCG J``S N hCG ``L ``e j ``MGRE ``e MGh ;dG e G``HCG KK b ``d c H

``j ``c ``ae ``j ``a .``L ``a ``dG a MGhh ``dG fGL e ``fL c ``Y
?dH dG .jce IFGO
k e fGdG e KG Vh hO ``e

SCG
I``FGdG ``a hCG ``f ``dG ``a

S
``g ,``f ``bdG ``a ``jcdG
fGdG d N Vh j
``SdG ``UbCG ``dEG ``L
``a G``dCG ``He ``jW ``Y)

K
eh ?(``UbCG G``dCG ``e ``FGhdG

a
?LJ dG cdG OY

Ob O

MdG QM

:HdG dG d
:dG
:bdG :SG 739
(Steven J.Brams) eGH jJ d

P``SCG ,etk J cCG ``gh WQdG ``jd dG ``g ``HG

jh .``eGH .J ``S Q``jf ``eH ``SdG ``dG
a e Ae a hdH ej ``Y jW Y ``d
WdG ``e KG LJ ``H MGh bh ``a ``jdG
``N e Ye Y ``d .``f dG ``d IQh``dG
e gZ ``e ``g h``J ``b ;``H ``a Q``Nd G``dCG
``Y CG ``a ``j ``NG ``d ,``WQdG ``jJ ``dCG
e OY ``bCH ``WQdG ``We C` j CG (1) hCG ``YdG
CG (2) ``fdG YdG Y ``H ,g e``dG G``dCG
(5) g IOQGdG GdCG e OY cCH WQdG We Cj
j g .hCk G ag ``j e g dG a ``FdG .``jC k G
?k FGO Rd fdG Yd IOe JGSEG Vh

1000 Game .indb 264 2/16/16 10:22 AM

 265 dG d LddG

:HdG dG d :HdG dG d :HdG dG d

:dG :dG :dG
:bdG :SG 742 :bdG :SG 741 :bdG :SG 740
3 f dG a KK aGj 2 f dG a KK aGj 1 f dG a KK aGj

bCG a dCe bCG a dCe bCG a dCe

a ``S bQ Y UGbCG ``fK Vh ``j ``g ,S a S bQ Y UGbCG ``S Vh j g N J bQ Y UGbCG S Vh j g
IFGO CG ``Y ``SJ Ub ``Vh Y ``H ,``S IZ``T IFGO CG Y H``S Ub ``Vh Y ``H Y HS Ub Vh Y H ,He ``N a
hCG aCG ``dG hCG ,O``dG dG ``S IZ``T dG hCG aCG ``dG hCG ,OdG dG ``S dG hCG ,O``dG dG ``S IZ``T I``FGO CG
?UGbCG KK Y j dG ?UGbCG KK Y j ?UGbCG KK Y j dG hCG aCG
cCG a dCe cCG a dCe cCG a dCe
``S bQ Y Ub
k ``Y HQCG ``Vh j ``g ``S bQ Y ``Ub
k ``Y ``KG ``Vh ``j ``g a ``N bQ Y UGbCG I``Y Vh j g
Y Y edG UdG VhY H ,S a Y ``Y ddG UdG ``Vh Y H ,``S ``a Y ``Y OdG UdG ``Vh Y ``H ,``N
dG hCG ,O``dG dG ``S IZ``T I``FGO CG dG hCG ,O``dG dG ``S IZ``T I``FGO CG dGhCG ,O``dG ``dG ``S IZ``T I``FGO CG
?UGbCG KK Y j dG hCG aCG ?UGbCG KK Y j dG hCG aCG ?UGbCG KK Y j dG hCG aCG

:HdG dG d
:dG
:bdG :SG 743
4 f dG a KK aGj
a fK ``bQ ``Y ``Ub
k ``Y ``S ``Vh ``j ``g
IFGO CG Y Y H``dG UdG Vh Y H ,fK
SCGdG hCG aCG dG hCG ,OdG dG ``S IZT
?UGbCG KK Y j

1000 Game .indb 265 2/16/16 10:22 AM

 LddG dG d 266

;a ``T CG ``jd j ``d GPEG ``fCG Q``KCe ``b
jdG ``g WQN d ``jW ``SCG Ea ,``Yh
WQdG W
dC` dG g EG bGdG a .jdG ``aGdG ``jf ``ddG ``VjdG ``dY ``W CG ``e
M e HdG CJh ,M hO e GJ edG ``dG ``a (Stanislaw Ulam) hCG ``fS
.dG QdG e e b CG hCG WQN HCG M fCG ``d ``dG ``dG O``Y ``e dC` e j``dG
g .W j dG ``dG dG e jdG ``d e ``a ``MdG dC` dG ``g ``JCG ,``WQdG

:HdG dG d :HdG dG d
:dG :dG
:bdG :SG 745 :bdG :SG 744
Hs e HQCG P He W Hs e KK P jT W
He ``d ``J CG ``j ``e ``jW ``c bQh j``T d J CG j e jW ``c
?Hs e HQCG P bQh ?Hs e KK P
``H ``dG ``Y ``dG ``J CG ``j ,HdG H dG Y dG J CG j
ec j CG ``j FdG ``dGh ,``HdG c a ``j ec FdG ``dG ``J CG ``jh
HdG.NBG ``J bH G k``e He c ``e dG ``d ``HdG.NBG ``J ``bH G k``e ``He
j dd ;``fdG c Y ``f dG ``d j fL CG j dd ;fdG c Y f
.FdG dG a YCG dEG j fL CG .FdG dG a YCG dEG

:HdG dG d
:dG
:HdG dG d :bdG :SG 746
:dG
:bdG :SG 747 dG W
Hs e HQCG P jT W ,``d O``dG Q``dG ``e ``bQh ``N
``dCG ,``S Gg ,``dG ``dEG ``gWGh
P bQh j``T d J CG j e ``jW ``c
W j ``fCG J g ?``dc
?Hs e HQCG
``f Y dG g ``bQh
,HdG ``H ``dG ``Y ``dG ``J CG ``j ?cCG Ge Y
He c a j ec ``FdG dG J CG ``jh
c Y f dG d HdG.NBG J bH G ke
dG a YCG dEG j fL CG j dd ;fdG
.FdG

1000 Game .indb 266 2/16/16 10:22 AM

 267 dG d LddG

:HdG dG d :HdG dG d
:dG :dG
:bdG :SG 749 :bdG :SG 748
4 dG adG ae dG SS d
``ae ``SH ``ahdG F``dG ``a ``J `` `e `` `Ye `` `SdG G`` `g `` `Vj
Y UGbCG ``Vh ``c ``ae ``dG a``dG HGhH `` `e jfEG h`` `dG
Ub c ``H a``dG J H ,``He ``T MdG `` `a gJh jJ `` `j
c GPEG ``S dC` dG ``J .I``eh ``e g IMdG HdG dG .AGdG
UGbCG ``Ka ;``e ``N ``Y ``UGbCG ``Vh bH jJ j `` `H ,(Y) M
N a (0),(1) ,(3) ``dG ``Y ``jRJ ``j dG `` `g M gjhJh `` `HGhdG
UGbCG ``g H a``dG CG j G``gh ,``e .HdG
Ea ``jHo ``dM a ``d ,I``eh ``e ``KdG Md Y hdG IGPe j eY
.Gk c J dCdG ,fN `` `N `` `dEG `` `dGdG
e Ub c CG ``VaG ,RdCG ``g M ``LCG ``eh g .e dSQ hdG g u oS
g ``dG a``dGh IFGO ce ``j ``UdG ?ae j
g .jcdG ``H ``e N W Y a``dG
ae Y UGbCG HQCG Vh c ae j
Ub c H a``dG J H ,HQCG a HQCG
?Ieh e

:HdG dG d
:dG
:bdG :SG 750
5 dG adG ae
Y ``UGbCG ``N VH dC` dG G``g ``M ``j ``g
J H ,``fN ``N ``N dEG ``dG ``MdG
?Ieh e Ub CG H adG

1000 Game .indb 267 2/16/16 10:22 AM

 LddG dG d 268

:HdG dG d :HdG dG d :HdG dG d

:dG :dG :dG
:bdG :SG 753 :bdG :SG 752 :bdG :SG 751
dG e d 7 dG adG ae 6 dG adG ae
UGbCG hCG Y S Vh g dG Gg e dG ``dG MdG ``Y dC` dG g ``M j ``g Y UGbCG ``S VH dC` dG g M j g
fdG GP ``dH UdG fdG ``dG ``Y c H adG J H ,fN S ``S dEG J H ,fN S S dEG ``dG MdG
IMGh ZQdG ``FGhdG ``a dG ``VJ .``VCG ?Ieh e Ub ?Ieh e Ub c H adG
Y Vh Ks ``Y c f j dh ,i``NCG ``J
dG ``KG dG ``e IMGh ``dEG Q``dG
a Ie ``dG cu Mo GPEG .I``FGdH ``e ``H
dG CG ``e ZdG Y .iNCG I``e jJ ``j
M e J ``H JG``SEG g d e
?gJ CG j g .Ie c a

:HdG dG d
:dG
:bdG :SG 755
:HdG dG d
d dG bCG :dG
IdG ``dG I``M dEG UdG b``YdG ``jJ :bdG :SG 754
bCG g s dG ``jdG a ,e bh ``SCG a
?dG dG dG fdG GhP dG
jJ a j dG dG dG OY e
?a fH dG Gg

1000 Game .indb 268 2/16/16 10:22 AM

 269 dG d LddG

:HdG dG d :HdG dG d
:dG :dG
:bdG :SG 757 :bdG :SG 756
,Ie c a a IMGh IQ``S H d ``j .i``dG
t J ,a``dG ``Y ``dG ``H ,I``e ``cM ch
dG QY HGdG dG
a GQ``dG f c ae j g .IMGh I``N dG dG dEG c AbQdG GQdG f g e SdG e jW IMGh S Y OGM e Wo
?cdG e e OY bCG ``dG ``dEG ``c AG``dG GQ``dG ``fh ,``dG ``e dH d jW O``jEG j g .fOCG ``dG
?a d f K GSH

:HdG dG d
:dG
:bdG :SG 758
Lh GPEa .UGbCG ``SCG bQCG dEG fG ,IY``d
``jg ``a ``d `s `J CG ``gH ``j ,``dG ``e
IadG UGbCG
.H dP e G kJ cCG iNCG GRk dCG dh ,jdG OJ N e dG ``Y g jdG jg e dG
.UGbCG Ye
:YGb N IYGe j ,dH dh
.IMGdG IdG a a MGh Ub jo .1
.ZQa IQhe Me dEG UdG f j .2
jdG dG e NBG Ub a UdG j CG j .3
.ITe d ddG MdG dEG
.f dG e NBG Ub a dG Ud Rj .4
.dG dEG LdG cH j .5
) be M``e dEG fG cM c Y ``j ,``jC k G
CG cM C R``j h ,(!G``WCG ``a ``e ``dG R``j
.(aGdG Rj CG) dG AKCG a NBG Ub
k J
j``Yh HQCGh ``Y ``N a jdG ``M j ``g
?dGdG Y ,f

1000 Game .indb 269 2/16/16 10:22 AM

 LddG dG d 270

:HdG dG d :HdG dG d
:dG :dG
:bdG :SG 761 :bdG :SG 759
1 dG W 1 adG IQdG d
``H ``jdG ``W ``Y ``fOCG ``dG ``W ``j IQdG `` g `` Ve ae `` j `` g
ae j g .``e hU ``d HdG ?dEG `` dG N e a g`` dG
``eY ``cdG ``LdG ``Y ``S G``dCG CG `` SQ `` YCa ,`` dP `` J `` d GPEGh
?dG Gg ijo ZQdG dG G`` SH IQdG
dG e dG j .SCG a
IBGe `` Vh jW `` Y H `` UdG
,AGdG I`` FGdG `` Y fG`` SCG
a gdG Z IQdG iS fC
.IBGdG

:HdG dG d
:dG
:bdG :SG 762
S a MGh
``dG ``dG ``e ``jJ ``j ``s dG CG
?v FL dGh

:HdG dG d
:dG
:bdG :SG 760
1 aGdG b
jhGR bGh ,Q``dG e He b p ` WG
.g SdG a Ve g c ,G kH e
dG HQCG TCG CG ae j g
HdG ``J eY gG``S ``dG ``Y
?dG

1000 Game .indb 270 2/16/16 10:22 AM

 271 dG d LddG
(Distortions and Impossibilities) SGh jdG
J ``jW Y ``fEG ``T ``f d ``e ``dG a J CG Ea ,``T GP ``T fc GPEa ``eJ ``SQGO ``f ,1917 ``Y ``a
.jd dG Qhe j ``dG ``e ``d ,G k``jL `
J ``Sh cCG aOG .BG M a ``dG J
fEG ``a KCJ ``d c O``dG ``SCG G``g
.e T dEG
.atJ j GJjQc d ,INS SQ
g T d jW SCG CG e ZdG Y
dG fEG IOYEG K ,UCG Y sHe T SQ
Y dG j fEa ,e H ``T Y
``SQ IOYEG ``jW ``Y ``gd IQ``KEG ``cCG ``Ff
dG jdG Y oY .ae T Y dG
.jdG dG QU dEG dG Md e QU a
(Albrecht QQhO TdCG fdCG dG Uh
``Sg d``SCG ``Y ``SOdG dG a Drer)
1000 Game .indb 271
k `T A``S ``dG ``Y h``dG ``Y (DArcy Thompson)
J dG fGdG GfCG a Vh dG dGh
EG CG ;``gdG ``dG N e a ``H ``Y
AGLCG ``dh ,``dG ``dG ``SJ ``fGdG
H D` dG ``j ``jH ``J hCG O``J ``e
M ,GvL d Gke Gk` eCG Gg c bh ,``v VjQ
``j ``dG ``dG ``e ``jdG ``g CG ``cG
``Y ``dG ``a ``k Kh kH``J ``j CG ``bd
.HQJ Y e ZdG
VjdG a GdG OhM Y QdG j
``T J ``jW ,``LdHdG ``Y ``a ;``dc
:vVjQ ``jdG g Uh jh .``jJ ``g
:HdG dG d
:dG
:bdG :SG 763
e dEG e
dG iMEH dhW Y e Vh eEH c GPEG .1
dG dG O``Y a ,dG j``dGh HQCG
``Y ``L ``dEG ``k L ``e ``Vh ``H ``j ``dG
?NBG gMCG Lh ej H dhdG
OdG a ,fdG ``dEG k L s e KK ``Vh ``Y .2
jhJ dN e j dG dG d dLEG
?f fdG JdG Y dG e s dG
e d HQCG a HQCG s e fK Vh j .3
dG e T CH s dG jhJ eCG GPEa .cCG
dLEG OdG a ,cCG dG NGO bGe Y
?jOdG s dG jhJ dN e j dG d
2/16/16 10:22 AM
 LddG dG d 272

(Anamorphic Distortions) jdG IQdG jJ

QdG d SSCG CGdG MdG SG Z ``H adG IQdG jDhQ ``Y ``adG bJ ``dG dG dG LGj eY
``fhdG ``H ``e G``Wh .``adG ``jdG .dG ``LJ ``dG ``cdG ``jGdG ``J ``e ,``jOY ``Z
ahe ``J ``N
k ``e GQ``f AG``JQG ``a ``Fe ``ae ``jH IQ``U hCG ``X a HU ``MCG H ``a LG``S ,gdG ``a
(Leonardo ``a GO hOQfH UdG G``cdG dh H jW g .UCG dG LSG
.dM e ddG IjT aGZW
adG jdG QdG ``TG dh ,da Vinci) b a jdG e dG G``g Y d ``FGQ
e ,A``TCG dEG jDhQ ``J dEG ``dP iOC` a ``SdG Lh dG dP ``eh ,``S 300 HGb ``e ``j e ``N ``e O``YG ``d O``HCG ``FK
.YCG ``dEG VQCG ``b hCG Q``dG dEG ``dG ``J g e A``fEG QhdG ``e fCG ``MCG H ``a dEG ``j eY .``ae ``jH IQ``U ``SEH
g e dG GY``SG ADg CG IC` LdG ``fch ,GfEG ``a ,``dG ``S ``Y ;``jd Q``dG j bGdG ``H N c e - OY Q``e ``e
QfCG c ,fdG QLh hCG Q``L Y ``Nh ae dG dG ``J - IQdG Y ``jv OY
G``LMG ``fCG ``dEG ``aVEH ,I``e ``H G``dG
OQGhOEG dQ``J ``TdG Y dGh QdG YdG J j dh ,se ``Mh fCch hJh ,vjH
``H ``dG ``VdG ``dEG IO``d ``bdG ``H ``dEG
``e GPEG ``fdG ``H ``dG ``LGj ,QG``S dEG ``dG jW ``Y ;``jL ``e ``UCG IQ``dG
dEG Q``dG g e ``Jh .``e GQ``dG ``f Y dG ,fhjDj ``dG d IQU e ``Lh a ``SfG dEG ``dG hCG ``Fe ``f ``Y IQ``dG
GdGh ``FdH ``j ``dG ``ef CG jdG ``JQU j G``fc dP e ` k `H ,A``dG gj e IOYh ,dG Whe hCG fGSCG IBGe
.jbEG e cCG LddG .gdG jdG QdG a b e GLGj d jdG ``dhCG

:HdG dG d
:dG
:bdG :SG 764
2 adG IQdG d
``g ``T ``ae ``j ``g
dG ``N ``e ``adG IQ``dG
``SQa ,dP ``J d GPEGh ?``dEG
ZQdG ``dG G``SH IQ``dG
.dG dEG

1000 Game .indb 272 2/16/16 10:22 AM

 273 dG d LddG

:HdG dG d
:dG
:bdG :SG 765
jdG
;Me Ib gd IdG IQdG g S
?IQdG a dG dG J j g

:HdG dG d :HdG dG d
:dG :dG
:bdG :SG 767 :bdG :SG 766
fdG YHdG dG
HQCGh ``LhCG ``fK e ``fOCG ``gdG ``dG ``j
GPEa .``cCH dG C` d ``H e ``L ``LhCG
K gOY GH k e v YHQ ``f dG c
O``Y ``a ,``dG ``YHQ A``H G``M Q``b G``e
?dG Gg jd eRdG dG YHQ

3 adG IQdG d
OH adG IQ``dG MU dEG dG j ``g
IQdG ``SQ YCa ,``dP ``J d GPEGh ?``dEG ``dG
.dG dEG ZQdG dG Y
fG``SCG IBGe Vh N e HLEG e cCdG j
jW Y IBGdG g Y j) .AG``dG IFGdG ``Y
``S M .(IU ``HfCG ``M fe ``bbQ ``Vh
.IBGdG a S IQdG

1000 Game .indb 273 2/16/16 10:22 AM

 LddG dG d 274

:HdG dG d :HdG dG d
:dG :dG
:bdG :SG 769 :bdG :SG 768
2 aGdG b ddG fdG GdCG d
dG He QdG e b p WG .bdG G``dCG e Ye ``dG ``dG ``Vj
g c ``gjGhR ``e ``jhGR ``bh jJ ``N e GdCG ``JJ IOYEG ``j ``g
.dG a Ve ``dG ``dG ``J ``M ``MdG ``ceCG ``Y
e OY ``bCG a ,dP ``a f GPEGh ?``e ``SCG
e ``T CG ``J ``j ``g
?dH d eRdG cdG
GS dG dEG HQCG TCG
?dG HdG a Y

:HdG dG d
:dG
:bdG :SG 770
dG M
``KG ``e ``H ``dG ``dG ``g
Gd CG gd dG .k e j``Yh
e ,IMGh ``aMh G kMGh k Lh ``dG
.(Mbius) SHe jT
GP dG ``H J CG ``J g
CG j``T ``s dG ``e ``bCG O``dG
?IMGh aMh MGh Lh d j

:HdG dG d
:dG
:bdG :SG 771
dG dG
``N g ,``k fL ``dG I``dG ``TCG ``H ``e
``d dh ,jhdG ``TCG dP a H ``He ``TCG
``H ``He i``NCG ``TCG ``KK ``gh .``SfG
a ``T g dh ,jC k G ``jhdG ``TCG dP ``a
?ae j a ,Ge

1000 Game .indb 274 2/16/16 10:22 AM

 275 dG d LddG

:HdG dG d :HdG dG d
:dG :dG
:bdG :SG 773 :bdG :SG 772
``e ``e ``Ye ``Vp ho ,``fOCG ``edG ``a
c GPEG EG ``ec c s dG ``U .``k e ``s dG
s dG Yn e N e j c e
GcCG g Ik ``T YdG ``J cCG .fG ``b ``gGJ IQdG g e J ,zdG gQe a QeCG Vh{ UCG
G kMGh v U CG J CG e j H dh ,``H Gg CG ``f ``dG e fEG M ,F``dG GQdG e jJ j H e a K GMEG j ``g
``g ``e .``jNBG AGQh ``jDhQ ``j ``e ``cCG hCG FK J ``dEG OHCG KK ``bGdG jJ ``g Q``dG ?dN e cCG NBG e
Gd ;fdG bdG ``a Y JQb iJ F``dG dG ATCG ``J Y fY``j fCG Y IhY .OHCG
jJ j g ,I``dG jdG dOCG dEG GkO``SG CG SG d j QdG C dP ;gGf CG f
?Ye c J dG s dG OY .SdG YGdG H J LCG

:HdG dG d
:dG
:bdG :SG 774
2 dG e
``Y I``FGO I``Y ``KG ``Y ``Ub
k ``Y ``MCG ``V
K ``ZQa I``FGO ``Y ``Ub c ``J CG ``j .``dGdG
IFGdH Je ZQa iNCG IFGO dEG QdG Y cJ
.e H dhCG

1000 Game .indb 275 2/16/16 10:22 AM

 LddG dG d 276

:HdG dG d :HdG dG d
:dG :dG
:bdG :SG 777 :bdG :SG 775
dG T dG FK jGhdG s e
``S e fe ``T c ``g ``dh ,``Lh ``S ``d ``dG ``jGhR ``jJ ``j I``e ``jW ``H
``dG ``TCG eCJ ?k e d W j He dh ,k e j ``jhdG ?a fd G``SH
k e ``d W ``j jCG ``jJ j ``g ,``fOCG .dc t J SfG
k
?ec

:HdG dG d
:dG
:bdG :SG 776
?HGe Z CG HGe
QJ ``M b ``j ``dG ``dG ``e CG
?iNCG dG

:HdG dG d
:dG
:bdG :SG 778
2 dG W
H dG dG W Y eeCG ``dG W j
GdCG CG J j a .k e d HdG
?dG Gg W Y HdG LdG Y S

1000 Game .indb 276 2/16/16 10:22 AM

 277 dG d LddG

:HdG dG d
:dG
1 Y :bdG :SG 779
2 Y
HQCG GdCG GP HdG d
GdCG HQCH edH dG d Ae g r Y dEG J dG dG g e dG EG
.IQhdG WdG a f dG QGJ hO
Hhj K -`` UCG ,QRCG ,NCG ,`` MCG -GdCG HQCG e `` fd YdG Q`` j
bCG Y k jM jJ J `` b c `` j CG j .Ie c MGh He Ae a QGhOCG
Cs G j `` dh ,fk e NBG `` k He
a M f dH k He `` j
dG Pf dEG `` fG) .jhGdG
dG jh Gg .(O`` TSd
`` j `` cM CG `` J `` M
.hdG g ah H dG
:ITe IQH dG `` `oJ
`` `a 2 `` `He c `` `j `` `M
jdG `` `fdG `` `MCH A`` `e 2
ch ,`` `f `` `YdG `` `gQNG
,f `` ` n jo 3 `` `a 3 `` `He
MGh a MGh `` `HdG .Ggh
.f CH j

:HdG dG d :HdG dG d
:dG :dG
:bdG :SG 781 :bdG :SG 780
YHdG dG jdG dG
g .e g c e e LhCG YHQ ``T bo c jdGh dG dG Hj QdG dEG dG jdG
dEG ``dH ``YHdG ``dG ``M ``J ``j ``J a .jhGR h``Yh ``S H e ``e ``H
?hdG bH M ?jhGR hYh S a aGJ NBG jW OjEG

1000 Game .indb 277 2/16/16 10:22 AM

 LddG dG d 278

:HdG dG d
:dG
:bdG :SG 782
FdG QCdG
GhGdG cC` j ``H QC` dG jW O``jEG ``j ``g
?Je aZ CG dNO hO e hdGh L

:HdG dG d :HdG dG d
:dG :dG
:bdG :SG 784 :bdG :SG 783
GbCG IgR d jd S d
,dG ``aGj ``d GPEGh ;``Y ``dEG ``J ``d ``g Sam Loyd (14 - 15)
.k FGO RdG j c ae ha IOYEG j g ,d bfG c``dG G``SH
NGdG VdG a f I`` `Y dH CGHG c d ``dG ``dG a bdG HdG ``JJ
c `` `j .IgdG `` `ce JG `` `a HdG c``dG OY e ?``dG JdG ``dG a
`` `KG hCG `` `H `` `eEG `` `Y ?15h 14 jd
N e Ie c a `` `JQhe
QN dG hCG `` `dG jJ
j dG `` `YdGh ,dG
j f NBH eEG e
Vh j a .FdG g
RdG e J JGSEG
N CGH GPEG `` `M k FGO
?dG

1000 Game .indb 278 2/16/16 10:22 AM


1000 Game .indb 279 2/16/16 10:22 AM
 dG dG d 280

:HdG dG d :HdG dG d
:dG :dG
:bdG :SG 786 :bdG :SG 785
VQCG NGO HPdG Qb
``S ``SCG f dEG O``Y ``f ``a ``g GPEG ;gMh HPdH ``j Q``b Ad GbG u``bo ,I``e GP
?fRh S a ,VQCG ``jjdG ``dG ``N ``e ``N c ``j ``M
.VQCG S Y RdG e cCG .1 dG ``dEG hCG Q``dG dEG ``j ``dh ,k ``e
.VQCG S Y RdG e bCG .2 d ,VQCG ``S e NCj d M ``H
e VQCG ``a ``k f ``S ``dP ``e ` k `H
.VQCG S Y Rd jk he .3
f c e ``jh ,iNCG dEG ``je
CG Y ``VQCG ce ``dEG ``dH ``bCG
c j H ,``d jNBG aW ``e
``j e Wg k jdG f Q``b
``NBG ``dG ``d ``aGdG I``dG
.GkOU
``MG ``e ``eGdG ``H ``gH
G``d ``j ``g ,AG``dG ``eheh
?``j CG ``jdG ``MdG ``e Q``dG
c ``J ``j ``a ,``k e ``dP c GPEGh
?MQ CHCGh MQ SCG S

:HdG dG d :HdG dG d :HdG dG d

:dG :dG :dG
:bdG :SG 789 :bdG :SG 788 :bdG :SG 787
dG S Y Aa FGQ cdG GdG
f fRh g dG S Y AdG OGhQ Rh g ``dG ``a ``e CG ``a ``fRh ``M ``j ``g
?VQCG Y ?cfR Ge GSH

fRhh HPdG
k ``e a ,``eJ
b k ``jhc ``d ``VQCG EG
.AGSG N Y GAf ah dG Y
j jCG J j g ,edG g Y Ak H
HdG dG CG ddG dG a - KCG fRh
?AGSG N Y CG

1000 Game .indb 280 2/16/16 10:22 AM

 281 dG d dG

:HdG dG d :HdG dG d :HdG dG d

:dG :dG :dG
:bdG :SG 792 :bdG :SG 791 :bdG :SG 790
bdG LCG
15 ``dHCG A``a ``FGQ i``LCG 1971 ``Y ``a
``HJ (David Scott) ``S ``jO (Apollo 15)
,``f ``bdG ``a ``beh ``jQ ``SCG C` H I``T
.``f Q``dH ,``ddG ``dG ``e ``S ``gch
OLh MdG ``S Y SCG fCG g ``dGh
e d AGdG ehe LJ ``K eh ,dG ``d
.jdG YS HPdG f
``e ``SCG ``J ``dG ``LCG C` H O``YG EG ,ZEG ``e ,IU ``aZ a J ``fCG ``J
c bh ,(Aristotle) ``SQCG ``eR ``dEG O``j ``dG a ,dG e L SCGh ,aGf Hh
c .``SdG Q``dG ``M ``dG ``dG ``g G``g .f bdG a VQCH JQGh f YdH
Z OYG Gg CG KCG e hCG g (Galileo) dL
Y dG ``j c ,``edG ``g Y Ak ``H
,GH H ``e A``TCG ``SEG N e dPh ,U
a aZ a ``dh VQCG ``S a aZ a ``fCG
LGe ``e H A``dG hM ``dG dP ``eh
k 32 QGe QH j hQU
?fdG a eb
d fCG ``e ZdG Y AG``dG ehd ``WdG ``KCdG
.S dEG UJ e dEG MCG Uj
a QdG e IU Ubh jf b ``SCG GPEG
VQCG dEG k M J jdG dG Ea ,``f bdG
``Sh J CG ``j ``a .AG``dG ``ehe ``H hCk G
a ``f dH J CG j bQdGh dG CG KE
?jOY aZ a dh ,AGdG ehe Z bdG QMCG
dh ,IU I``U e I``e H KCG ``c ``M
``j ``fEa ``f ``bdG ``a W``S ``Y
GPa ,(AG``dG ehe gH) ``f Q``dH
``H Gg g ?cCG Y``H ``dG ``dG ``j
Q``b ``H CG ``S M``e ,``bW ,``fRh
?JGdG

:HdG dG d
:dG
:bdG :SG 793
HPdG Oe
jFGdG G QN fGQhO Y RdG GfH QGdG a AdG OGhQ j
JCj CG j R``dG GfH Q``dG dh .VQCG ``M
jFGdG G NGO Ve g c GQhdG ``g e IMGh J IFW ``a
?e IQhe CG J j a .g

gEG G QN

1000 Game .indb 281 2/16/16 10:22 AM

 dG dG d 282

:HdG dG d :HdG dG d :HdG dG d

:dG :dG :dG
:bdG :SG 796 :bdG :SG 795 :bdG :SG 794
dG b dG MG
k ``HQ ``d
MCG ``M k aQ ``N g c jdG GSH fdG dG S Y
``a ``e ``g ``c ,``dG ``dG hCG dG AG``S HdG ``e CG ``S g ,``Ve
``aW ``eCGh .``SdG ?fe a SCG j dG
AbUCG MCG dCSh ,dG
``eY ``S ``W CG
b GPEa ,dG dG SCG
``SCG ,dG A``dG ``jU
,``dG AdG a dG
SCG ,dG AdG b GPEGh
A``dG ``a ``dG
dG g
.dG e ``e dH A``e ``c A``Yh ``H ``b GPEG
``g ?I``dG ``Md ``S GP``e ,``dG
``j ``g
?dG dEG J CG YCG dEG JS
c ``ae
J eCG
c ``a G``g :HdG dG d
?ddG :dG
:bdG :SG 797
IdG GdGh IdG GdG
e e M e ``a PdG e Gc ``Vh GPEG
,H``e e a e I``U Gc ``Vhh ,``MGh
?cCG j jCa
dG IdG G``dG e jdG A``e CG J ``g
?bk Qa S f MdG a

(Center of Gravity) (HPdG) dG ce

``ce CG ``Y ``j ``e ,RG``J ``dM ``a ``bGdG ``a f ``K e N W``SH ``dG ``u Y ,``dG e .Sh a kFGO d dG K ce
OhM Q``N Lj CG j ``MCG H ``a ``dG Ve fOC ``k FGO ``j dG ``ce Ch .``e I``YdG ``J I``Yb ``Y ``YVdG ``HdG
a ,dP Y kge eh k UHh .f ``dG J kFGO ``cdG ``S Gd ;dEG ``j CG ``j kdZh ,H ``MG GPEG J d fEG ``H ``fRGe
JGQb J M ,Ohe M Y ``j a dG ``dG gh ;kI``Te e ``j ``dG ``dG ``d ``eCG ``e ``K ``jdG ``SCG ``J ``e
e ``Xe Q``H ``MG I``dGh F``SG
.KdG jOdG dG J a WJ .bdG e jH bWEG
VH b P ``S Y ``dG Y M RG``dG
.HEG dh I``e Z c``dG e ``jdG h``J dG ``Z ``d dG ``ce ``Y Q``d

1000 Game .indb 282 2/16/16 10:22 AM

 283 dG d dG

:HdG dG d :HdG dG d
:dG :dG
:bdG :SG 799 :bdG :SG 798
jv S fk e HdG Lh bh ,FM iMEG J OYCGh
jdG IdG .dG gdG FdG e jdH GAk e
gdG He
GdG e jOU N hOQH Yb MU iTG ,cdG dG f J Gk ae CG e ZdG Y
?HdG T QKCG dG e ae j g
ah ,AGM hCG hdG a GdG fch ,``fdG a``dG Gg bhCG MdG AjbCG dG MCG E` a
,AGU HGdG ah ,AG``N ddG ah ,AbQR ``fdG
e Ic c Rh CG ``Y GPEa ,dJH ``edG ``ah
;MGh hU G``c GY a G``L 100 j G``dG
OGQCG GPE` a ,``eGL 110 ``a G``dG Rh ``j ``M
Ge G``SH fdh dG G``dG ``ae ``LdG
``Y ``dG ``jdG ``a ,I``MGh GQP P ``fhdEG
Od ;``fRdG e OY ``bCHh ,dP ``a eG``SG
?fdh dG GdG

:HdG dG d :HdG dG d
:dG :dG
:bdG :SG 801 :bdG :SG 800
CG b Gk c hdG aO j ,``VdG Gg ``a .2
.j
bdG hdG dG N
.VGe KK a e hU j H ,dG ``T j ``e ``jW C` H
Y ``k e ``dW ``e c ``e ,``VdG G``g ``a .3
k hdG aO GPEG ,``VdG Gg ``a .1
``a ,b ?Y G kH hCG gJH eEG IdG J
.eJ
k e RGJ dM a hdG Ea ,adG
.j
?hd jdG dG Gg J j c

1000 Game .indb 283 2/16/16 10:22 AM

 dG dG d 284

:HdG dG d :HdG dG d
:dG :dG
:bdG :SG 803 :bdG :SG 802
dG QGSG FdG dG
``dG Hb fQe j GvL ``H RL GH ``HPdG I``b g dG R``dG ``Sb ``j
Y ``T c Vj .``TCG ``d ``FdG ``Y ``Te ``H ``dG G``g ``jh ,``cfR
dG CG``J K ;Q``NG e ``Y ``HdG j``T M hCG fhM ``fR ``jJ EG .``HPdG
g .dG j M AH e jhGR H ODSh ,a IKDdG IdG e Sj H We
.S Y dEG ``VCG ``KK hCG ``dG QG``H R``dG IO``jR
``TCG g e ``T CG ``cG j g .VCG KdG hCG dG QGH fdG jJ
j ``g ,CG ?Ie ``WCG dG ``Y ``H ``a ,``cfdG ``jRGdG ``Sb I``b ``H ``dh
``cCG ``jd ``fOCG ``TCG ``e CG ``cG CG hj ,``g IQdG ``fG ;J ``e ``k FGO CG``J
?d QGSG J dQdG ``S OdG IFL CG j G``dG
?v M dG Rh c cG j g .c 100
:HdG dG d
:dG
:bdG :SG 804
fRGdG dG bQe
je ``Se Y fRGe jUh fCG j
SdG a Ve g c ,H``dG UCG Y
``eY ``S ``e ``cG ``j ``a .``g
e f ``UCG j CG ``e c h``j
UCG ``H CGH GPEG ``S GPe ?``dG
?GWCG f cs Mh SdG a

:HdG dG d
:dG
:bdG :SG 805
cfdG SdG
gh ,``M W``SH ``dG e e cfR ``Se
,``SdH ``MEH ``Heh ``VQCH ``e m``K ``M
.c 100 CGd SdG jh
``a GRhCG ``J ``a ,`k `e GR``e ``dG CG ``e
``S e ``cG j g .``Sb ``jh ``dG
50 GRhCG ``a s oJ eY ``ddG g a G``dG CG``j
``SdG e ``dG dG Y CG ;c 150h 100h
?cfdG

1000 Game .indb 284 2/16/16 10:22 AM

 285 dG d dG

:HdG dG d :HdG dG d :HdG dG d

:dG :dG :dG
:bdG :SG 808 :bdG :SG 807 :bdG :SG 806
CdG dG CdG HdG dEG dG je J
M
MEH e fG``SCG LLR ``Y ``YVeh ``HP ``Y ``J ``e ``LLR f
.e H ``v FL IAeh
.edG j eY :Rh ``KCG G``dG ``j e .G``e QG``e ``f ``U ``c ``cG ``j ``g
i``e a ``dG ``Jj ) ``HdG ``j ``eY CG ,``dG ``a ``k Hb ``HdG ?adG M dH AdG IdG c je
G `SH .(``LLdG ``c
G` ?Gk FW
``g ,``a ``Sb I``e
L
LLdG M Sb j
``a hO ``e ``edG
``e ``T C` H ``aJEG hCG
?TCG

:HdG dG d :HdG dG d
:dG :dG
:bdG :SG 810 :bdG :SG 809
SdG Ic
f M :Y QLH IFGO ``SQ J
b ``Sjh ,d``dG dG ``Y R``JQG
,AG``SG ``N ``W ``Y I``FGO ``UUdG
``W ``J hO ``e -``K ,``Ve ``g ``c
Y iNCG IFGO ``SQ J -QLdG GQP
d RGm eh d``dG d ``Se i``e
.AGSG
M``e fQe ``c ``cG ``j ``g
IdG ``f a ``dG ``H ``fdG I``FGdG
OdG JdG
?ddG e ``Ke Oh``W ``J ``e ``SdG O``dG ``N
b SdG JN CG d ,eJ k jh``e GRhCG
fCG Hh ,OhdG ``MCG a CdG jW Y ``S
c cG j a ,c OhdG J CG jJ
jW Y JdG Y j dG OdG Y QdG
?c P Ge Y a fRH dG

1000 Game .indb 285 2/16/16 10:22 AM

 dG dG d 286

:HdG dG d
:dG
:bdG :SG 811

1 dG RGdG
J RGJ a ``g HdG ``dG AGdG PdG G``c
e jv CG GdG J CG jh ,fOCG VdG GdG ``Y
IYe VGdG a ;GdG Y ``Y MCG VGdG
``VdG ``e I``Xe IQ``H ``Jeh jh``e IQ``H
N e W``H VGdG RGJ J jh ,``ShCG
RdCG g a dh ,GdG e ``H IXe jJ
JdG g e S fEa ,dG dEG dG ``dG
.k e dP c GPEG
j g ,GdG Y GdG ``H Vh ,d c ``a
e ``ShCG VdG a hCG ``jCG fdG Y Gc Vh
?RGdG J LCG

:HdG dG d
:dG
:bdG :SG 812
2 dG RGdG
;J RGJ ``a g fOCG GdG ``Y ``dG PdG G``c
,IMh 1 AGdG :JBG GRhCG e GdG Ye ``JCJ
GdG ``J ``b .G``Mh 4 A``bQdGh ,``JMh AG``dG
VGdG ``J .GdG ``Y ``Y MCG VGdG ``e ``jk CG
e ``Xe ``f ``Y ``Jeh jh``e IQ``H I``Ye
``dG VGdG RGJ J ``jh ,``ShCG VdG
a dh ,G``dG e IXe ``H jJ N ``e
GPEG JdG ``g e ``S fEa ``dG RdCG ``g
.k e dP c
``jCG ``fdG ``Y G``dG ``H ``Vho ,``d c ``a
``jCG fdG Y G``c Vh j ``g .G``dG ``e
?RGdG d

1000 Game .indb 286 2/16/16 10:22 AM

 287 dG d dG

JdGh IdGh QdGh dG aGQ :a N dEG
``d GOG``eG ``g ``dG BG EG
``dG O``dG ``Yd `k `UCG ``YNGh ,``fEG
,e c a BG g ``dGh ,fGdGh ``Ld
!H J d dh
.dG ``e V ``c ``f ``a ``FdG ``dGh ffdG VjdG dY b ,IQSCd kah
.QdGh GhOCG ``e L dEG ``k L IdG G``NG c ``HQ
(Assyrianart) QTBG dG j .dhCG jjdG
I``dG ``SG CG O``dG ``b ``edG ``dG ``a
jdG g ``bGdG a ``jZEG c ``dh ,kF``T c
``d c
m ``H ``jd ``dG BG G``SQO
dG BG
GP (Archimedes) ``SNQCG ``dG ``SdGh
``dh ,Y bCG kfeh RJQG f YCG{ :Ie
c a ;``jC
k G dP j c ``bh .z``VQCG ``MCG
.BG J dG FdG IdH jd ke
``e ``H I``LCG ``VdG ``fEG ``NG
``dG jdG Aeb ``SGh ,dGh OJhCG

:HdG dG d :HdG dG d :HdG dG d

:dG :dG :dG
:bdG :SG 815 :bdG :SG 814 :bdG :SG 813
fdG dG fBG ibCG jdG fRGdG dG
?cCG Ak e j CG j d AfEG CG ``Y GRhCG ``e ``e G``fCG ``KK ``JJ ``J dG HPdG ce GP A``TCG
dM ``a A``T c j ``M Q``dG ``dEG ``JdG ``d ``dG ``J ``e GQk G``SG ``cCG
``a jh``dG GRhCG ``H e``SGh ,RG``J j PEG GP``d ,Je HPL ``ce
g .dG ``dG dEG IdG ``Y ``e ``JJ fCG fCG hCG HhcCG Yh fGdG
?NBG fL S CG ,RGJ a GRhCG g jW d RGdG J dG e
CG j CG ?``UEG W ``Y ``bQ
iNCG A``TCGh UUdG bCG J
?SCG IdG

1000 Game .indb 287 2/16/16 10:22 AM

 dG dG d 288

:HdG
:dG
:bdG :SG 818
edG YdG bQe
eQ Y``S g ,fOCG ``SdG a ``Ve g ``c
IAeh dG e fGSCG a J e IU
YdG CG gdG j eh ,fGSCG bG .AdH
M SCG a J Sh ,YCG dEG J d edG ,L ``jH M ``dG RG``S
a gY ,dG IQdG dEG edG e j
.YCG dEG edG YdG J S
Y``dG ``W ``NDj ``dG ``e ``cG ``j ``g
dG d :HdG dG d
:dG
:bdG :SG 816
dEG HdG jdG J H dG ``eG .1
.bCG Y fK KK Id YCG
edc H
(Christopher edc ajc EG j
mGK Y Id fGh dG bG .2
jf ``Y H ``bhCG ``b Columbus)
.HdG jdG Y V K ,iNCG
.Ie hC AG``SG N Y eY HdG
IjY G``S ``e dG ``a ``a ``bh
fK I``Y ``N Id fRGe ``Sh dG c ,``FGQ RG``J d ``jCGQ ``eY
NBG ``T CG ,I``dG ``J ``H ,``k jJ QH dh ,``Sedd dG dG GP IO``YE
dG dj d dG g RGj CG hj j d dG gh ,dG RGJ d ,dhM e
,YCG ``UdG e .``dG ``S j j ``d ``e RGd IMdG ``jdG fa ,``ce AGLCG CG ``Y
?edG
IdG dG d NGdG dG cG j g :hdG Y dG JG g dG
?jd

:HdG dG d
:dG
:bdG :SG 817
FbO dG H
e c ``dh ,dH ``FbO ``N Id H ``S ``j
d NBG bJ RLh ``FbO HQC bJ RL g ``jd
bDdG jg G``SG c ``cG j g .FbO
?FbO N Sb a

:HdG dG d
:dG
:bdG :SG 819
GdG Ra RL
GRhCG HQCH dh ,f dG e GdG e e OGeEG g
Y QdG e GdG bJ ,QdG SCG MJ ,e
dEG d``H GdG dBG RJ K ,Ra hd ``N Fe ``S
.Ic c Rd dG dG e J dHh ,Ye HQCG
CG ``fJ CG ``j ``g ,Q``dG ``Y ``VdG ``SdG ``e
?fk Rh GdG g KCG J IQe

1000 Game .indb 288 2/16/16 10:22 AM

 289 dG d dG

:HdG dG d :HdG dG d
:dG :dG
:bdG :SG 821 :bdG :SG 820
ZGdG T YdG Y
e VdG ZdG e d dG J CG ``j JEG CG ``dEG ``cG j ``g
f Y eh dG ``f de
ZdG MCG H j J .``e
? JG a FbdG Y j H ,AGdG dG
?YdG QY
fc d c ,YdG QY JG a
J M a ,deU NGO ``HJ
a NBG Q``dG H iNCG dG
.J fc d c YdG QY JG Y
k e Hj ZdG c GPEG e ``cG j g
?H Y Gjo CG

:HdG dG d
:dG
:bdG :SG 822
bdG GdG
AGdG dG fc GPEG
Q``Y ``JG ``a Qh``J
j JG CG a ,YdG
?AGdG dG QhJ CG

:HdG dG d :HdG dG d :HdG dG d

:dG :dG :dG
:bdG :SG 825 :bdG :SG 824 :bdG :SG 823
o dG dG 2 ShdG S 1 ShdG S
`s `dG
s aO j JG CG a ``cG j g a AGdG dG dG QhJ ,fOCG Ve g c AGdG ``dG dG QhJ ,``fOCG Ve g ``c
?o dG dG j H a cG j g .YdG QY `` `Y JG QhS JG CG a .YdG QY Y JG a
? dEG CG YCG dEG :HdG c S JG CG ?AbQdG dG dG
?SCG
? ?

1000 Game .indb 289 2/16/16 10:22 AM

 dG dG d 290

:HdG dG d :HdG dG d
:dG :dG
:bdG :SG 827 :bdG :SG 826
``e ``JAGb ``jh ,``MCG ``fK ``e ``jfEG ``c
YdG dG CGe .dG dEG QdG
ShdG Y hdG JJ IOYEG
j ,Gk ec 320 ``YJQG H Y J fCG ``J Y NGdG ``dG ``ShdG g e MGh c j
b``J ``S dG GQhdG O``Y ``cG j ``g
dCG GPE` a .dG dG e ``dG AdG ``H c QGH O``dG) .H UdG ``bdG ``f a h``M
?jdG dG g eh ,ShdG g
,ac IH (Frisbee) ``FdG ``SdG UdG e OY Hh .(SdG Gg ``SCG OY dEG j ``SJ
?S GPa HQCG bdG ``f Y h``dG ``S ,GQhdG ``e

:HdG dG d
:dG
:bdG :SG 829
:HdG dG d
cGdG HHdG :dG
aW Y e cdG ``T CGj ,U c a :bdG :SG 828
AH d ``a .Ge c 10 ``dW ``e ``jW
``dL HHP J ,``jdG ``e ``f ``cdG dGh OdG
CG OHh ,``NBG ``f I``Te gMCG ``SCGQ ``Y Sh Ob dEG IQdG TdG bH H W s U
f IFY j``J ,fdG cGdG dEG HHdG J CGHh I``dG a OdG J ``f dG ah ,OfdG
Hk jEGh ``Hk gP ``HHdG G``W ``j .hCG ``cGdG cG j g ,AGdG ehe gJ e .dG a
.cGdG j M ? CG OdG Gg S dG fc GPEG e
a G``e ``c 5 Y``H ``j ``cGQ c c GPEG
a Gec 10 Y``H ``HHdG Jh ,Y``dG
dG GedG OY ``cG j a ,Y``dG
?cGdG AdG d HHdG b

1000 Game .indb 290 2/16/16 10:22 AM

 291 dG d dG

:HdG dG d :HdG dG d
:dG :dG
:bdG :SG 831 :bdG :SG 830
jo QdG Gg d IdG jJ e cG EG
(L) 2 IJdG IdG MCG e c a dG eh ,k Uh G ke Y k 1 IJdG IdG
,jk J L ``T ``Y dhW ``Y hOQ``dG ``d ``j GSG jh ;dhdG Y ce T Y SQ GY e L G``dG e dN hOQ``dG ``dhW ``jd
dEG ``jCG ``dG cdG e IdG NOEG jo dh ,dhdG aM Y jJ eY UH dG ``Mdh ,Q``fG ``Th ``Y ``fCGh I``NCG ``Jc
Gk eCG ``dG jCG dG hCG ``dG ``jCG dG S dG jGhdG Sb Y HdG g YJh ,eEG Qb Ie jH INCG IdG NOE J
c ``SCG a ``fdG ``SdG ``Vj .` k `S dG jhGdG CG hdG e) .gY FSdG IdG .fdG FSdG e c Y bCG Y jOGJQG e
.GH dG dG jhGd He IOSdG IdG gY J
``Sh OjEG ``j g ,b``e Q``eCG ``d ``dh .(gY JJ
HV ``jW ``Y ``dG ``J ``a I``dG ``NOE k `S ``jo ``fOCG jQ``dG ``e CG
a - Gv` L `
Y j ?``dG fGdG a bCG Y G``e ``HQCG j a .a fL JO``Sh ej
dG dEG gdG b HV H J CG IdG cdG e GdG S dG Q``dG ``cG
dG dEG gdG b HV ``Sh dG ``jCG CG ah ,``dG F``SdG ``db ,``dG ``jCG
.dG jCG ``g ``g ?N``S (``dhdG ``L ``e) ``L
?dG jCG CG dG jCG dG

:HdG dG d
:dG
:bdG :SG 832
3 IJdG IdG
cCG hOQ``H hW e M ``J CG a ``ZJ ``HQ
j g ,``dG ``jCG cdG a IdH GAk H .HGZ
IYGe Y ?``dM c a IdG ``NOEG ``c ``cG
:jJ c a OdG H
.e fL Y IMGh c ,HV K .1
.HV S .2
.e fGL Sh HV IY K .3
a Nd ``eCG ``j e Q``H I``dG ``J CG ``j
.dG

1000 Game .indb 291 2/16/16 10:22 AM

 dG dG d 292

:HdG dG d
:dG
:bdG :SG 833
dG GdG
jhGdG a JJ fEa ,``fL IO``Sh IdG J eY
hOQdG ``Y j edG ``H ,HV dG ``f
.dEG J CG b Id bdG QdG IdG
``TCG ``e hOQ``dG h``W ``e O``Y ``g ``j
jCG cdG a IdG Q``e J j g .M``dGh
DdG ``j g ?``LQO 45 ``jhGH ``Vo ``dG ``dG
c OHCG ``dEG GkO``SG ,``a I``dG N``S ``dG ``dH
?e dhW

:HdG dG d :HdG dG d
:dG :dG
:bdG :SG 836 :bdG :SG 834
dG J LMdG LCG
jW ``Y c edG ``e A``KCG ``a R``e Qu ``jo .eGLc 10 fRh K k N Y J
(``jdG) FdG ``SdG ``dG ``d ``eQ M NBGh ;``cdH e Ub ``dG ``MCG
c L R``e OGQCG GPEa ,``fK Ie ``dG ``d dG WoCG GPEG , .adG e dH ``e
JG CG a ,``dG AKCG a j e HCG j ``jCG ,``Fe m ``e `
m `S ``Y ``f ``bdG ``a
?UdG Gg eQ Y j ?hCk G SCG dEG S

:HdG dG d
:dG
:bdG :SG 835
HdG WEG
``dG a Ve g c IFW e ``jOY b ``WoCG
aCG j dG dG jJ j a ,QdG Y
?dG S Qe

1000 Game .indb 292 2/16/16 10:22 AM

 293 dG d dG

:HdG dG d :HdG dG d
:dG :dG
:bdG :SG 840 :bdG :SG 837
HdG g AGQh IdG .dG ``S Y K Rh j
SE
SEG ,``dG ``a ,G k``H ``dG ``J CG ``g :``H
d HdG dG
.``fdG ``HdG I``af ``e ``LLR ``LQ ``jo .ddG a IdG a eYe IMGh S e VQCG Y d Hb ``S Vh
.e Y``S ``Y ``VQCH ``LLdG ``J dH I``c J .``fOCG ``dG a Ve g ``c ``H
ATCG CG CG ?YdG g e J CG j g
J
``j ``JQG CG ``e ``cG ``j ``g ,Ib ae Yh ,dG jf b dG LQdG a
?f YdH c
a YS Yd LLdG ``SEG ,QdG ``e dHh ,``dG ``S a MEH dO ``u Ko
UG
?GUG

:HdG dG d
:dG
:bdG :SG 841
:HdG dG d :HdG dG d
GdG :dG :dG
,M K j CG c 80 ``j e Y ``j :bdG :SG 839 :bdG :SG 838
A``d .``dG j CGh ,c 10 e I``MGh c ``J
NCG bh ,c 100 e cCG ``dG j ,ddG b dG dG
b GPEG ``j CG ``j ``fCH ``dG O``SCG ``Vhe dL ``YNG v jJ GRk ``L fOCG ``SdG ``Vj
IMGh M g dWh ,AGdG a dG LQCH a He Gc dN e j ``dG ,(Galileo)
.eCH QdG a ,bdG W AGdG a bCG Y j .IFGO Jh W Y Fe jGhR a f bdG
dG J a .OSCG Vhe f dG JG .SCGQ dEG aCG e ,jhGR C RdG jJ
?fRh jCG cG j g ,gQe Ic c J eY
?IFGdG e dEG hCk G S

dG a V
YGU ah ,Gk ` e 20 Y H ``b a V ``bh
``YCG Q``eCG 3 ``dG ``j ,h``dG ``LCG ``e
,dG AKCG a Jj eYh ,``d LdG GQ``dG
.je dG dj
b``j ``dG ``jCG O``Y ``cG ``j ``g
?dG dEG hd dG

1000 Game .indb 293 2/16/16 10:22 AM

 dG dG d 294

:HdG dG d :HdG dG d
:dG :dG
:bdG :SG 844 :bdG :SG 842
GAk L ``UH ``Y ``Vd ``Jd Foucault)
.1851 Y ``a dG ``jQH Ve ``e (Foucaults ca hH
,ehQ a fdG ``e b eh Pendulum)
k `H ``ca ``Y
Gk ` e 61 ``dW h` ``gh ``VQCG Ig``e ``j ``g
27 J ae I``ch fdG ``S e dG ``FdG ``MCG EG ?Qh``J
SCG bGdG HdG ah .eGLc
k CG``j CG O``H ``fCG ``g h``d
.YdG edG e W TQ s ,IdG e LQCdG ``a ``S ,cdG
A``dH ``e ``He ``b ``bh ``J ``d ``e ``f ``dG ``N
a Q``dG H I``dG ``e ``dG UN g ``gh .Y LQN I``b
.hdG cM J K eh ,edG .JGdG QdG
edG a ``J b dG c ,Y``S ``Hh LCG e IMGh SSCG dG g UCG
``dG ``dG a hdG H GPEG .bO 18 h LQO 11 FjdG ``YOo ``bh .b e ``J ``dG ``dG ``VhdG
?edG a e GQe J j a ,f (Jean-Bernard ca QfH L fdG
dG hdG
.m ``e ` k ``U g``j
m `S N e LQCj hH
:HdG dG d SdG - IQe T IQf Jj dG c
:dG
:bdG :SG 845 M``S c ``cG j g .IOe ``dG
?hdG cM
hdG S
hd j M ;jW eR e AdG OdG ``a
:HdG dG d
HPdG Ib Sbh ,Oe bh Y dG dG L :dG
.dG cdH SMEGh :bdG :SG 843
bdG a e ch He GWCG e hH WoCG
JQG e ``KCG hdG ``WEG e ZdG ``Y ,``f
.fk Rh NCG e hdG e WoCG dG JQG e YCG
?hCk G MLQCG JQhO S dhdG CG

:HdG dG d
:dG
:bdG :SG 846
fdG FK hdG
g ``c ,``cfR ``H ``k e ``dhH ``Jc ``HQ ``J
g ?gMCG ``WEG ``j eY ``S GP``e .``Ve
,``dG ``jf ``a ,``HGdG ``dhd ``S
bQdG GdG
?bdG e f QGdG jHh bDe f Y GvL fe IU Ic ``K
``SoCG ,e cCG GvL fe I``c dEG ``e ``Z
Id ``S GPe .``e 2-1 ``JQG ``e ``JdG
?UCG

1000 Game .indb 294 2/16/16 10:22 AM

 295 dG d dG

:HdG dG d :HdG dG d
:dG :dG
:bdG :SG 848 :bdG :SG 847
QGhdG dG dG Qf f
Y LQCG ``j ``H e I``c QsH CG``HG .dG ``g e jCGQ CGh ``d ``S ``HQ
S g .HK YHh FGO f Q``s f ``X ``aQ GPEG ,``dG ``YCG ``a ``dG
?f QGdH HPLh YQJ jh dG ``j ``S fEa ,``s aCG ``K ``dG
CG ``j ``e ``cG ``j ``g ?dG Gg J J g .AH SCG dEG
?ICa dG fG GPEG Id j

:HdG dG d :HdG dG d :HdG dG d

:dG :dG :dG
:bdG :SG 851 :bdG :SG 850 :bdG :SG 849
eNdG IdG aQ OdG
a dhW Y e ``LdG e Ic aQ j ``g ``dG IQ``dG ``dG ``g ``d ``fCG ``cDdG ``e
?Y SCc GSH .(Newtons cradle) ``Jf ``e ` `H ``fk MCG ``J
Y bWEGh G``dG iMEG aQ Y ``S GPe
?jdG iMEG

IQGhsdG LCG
e e Sh e heh ,fe Ub
cMo K ,IQdG a Ve g c H L
be ``cG j ``g .j``S f Y ``WN
?fGQhO AKCG a dG LCG g

1000 Game .indb 295 2/16/16 10:22 AM

 dG dG d 296

IQGhs dG cdG - (Gyroscopes) HShdG

jdG g Shd gCG cCG IdG e adG He Y dch ,c Y J e ``SdG dG dh ,LGQdG GQ``WEG EG
Q``e ``JGh ``aGdG ``Jb ``Y ``H ``aj ``dG Yh ,GQh``dG Qe Y ``d ``jOdG ``jdG ,(yo-yo) ``jdG ``dCGh ,(``jdG) ``FdG
a KDJ ``LQN I``b ``LJ ``fCG ``dWh ,GQh``dG fGd He ``f FN) GQh``dG Y``S jdG ``FdG VJ ``c ,IQGhdG ``dGh
a Qd HK JH S fEa ,ShdG ,``fGQhdG ``aGdG I``dG IO``jdh .(``cd ``Jf M Qh``j U ``L CG ``j ``c ,``Shd
QG``SG d eG``SG j ,Yh ;A``dG ,``S aH Uc ``ShdG J ``j .HK f
LdG ``a dG ie ``Sd dch ,``cdG ``a Qe Y e Qb HCH c e cS dG
fGQhO aGO Ib (Gyroscope) Shd
.OHCG KK AdG a .GQhdG

:HdG dG d :HdG dG d :HdG dG d

:dG :dG :dG
:bdG :SG 854 :bdG :SG 853 :bdG :SG 852
3 dG hdG 2 dG hdG 1 dG hdG
QWEH ,jH Qhj ``Sc Y dL ,U ``j U j eY ``S e ``cG j g U j eY ``S e ``cG j g
g .Ve ``g c ``jj H ``jv OY Qh``j ``LGQO jH Qhj Sc Y dL gh Qhj LQGO QWEH jH Qhj Sc Y dL gh Qhj LQGO QWEH
``Sc CGj d ``j CG ``Y ``e ``cG ``j ?dG a Ve g c ?dG a Ve g c
dEG d ``aO ``S g ?Q``dG dEG JH
?dP idG H dG dEGh dG H eCG

1000 Game .indb 296 2/16/16 10:23 AM

 297 dG d dG

:HdG dG d :HdG dG d
:dG :dG
:bdG :SG 857 :bdG :SG 855
dG Y ddG jcdG OdG Ib
JOhe ``YGQPh dG ``Y GQhdH ``de ``j jOdG fG``SCG Y cdG e QGhdG ``cdG
dEG ``jj ``j ``eY ``j GP``e .``dW ``Y a IQ``e d ``gh ,g ``Ve ``g ``c IQGh``dG
?QU ``dEG ``gQXh ``cGdG ``j .``adG ``dG
UdG j eY .fGSoCG GQhO AH e FdG
VQCG ``J ,GQh``dG d bCG ``dG ``dEG
``e ``cGdG A``H ``g ``gdGh ,G k``H
.FdH
?Gg j GPd J j g

:HdG dG d
:dG
:bdG :SG 856
ddG Gc
Ie s W ``Y j ``S Y ddG Ic ``J GP``d
I
?IdG NGO dEG

:HdG dG d
:dG
:bdG :SG 858
IdG d IQGhO
,YH Qhj FGO (Carousel) U Y Lu eo j
g .NBG dEG Ik Te IdG gMCG j ,fGQhO AKCG a
?Wg e VJh IdG Qe cG j

1000 Game .indb 297 2/16/16 10:23 AM

 dG dG d 298

(Branched Structures) dG cGdG

NGJ ``c ``J ``dG ``jf ``a ``d ,``v N ,f ie hCG c``e I``T N e dP VJ IQhe We ``Y Ie d ``j eY
.dH IOLe iNCG e hdG ,FHdG ``jdG ``a jC
k G ``LJ ddG ``g ``d ,IQG``dG ,``UdG ``e ``jdG ``Y ``dc
.GQdG fh cBdGh ``j ,``d i``NBG ``jQhdG ``H hCG ,A``dG
CGdG kL Q``fCG dOh ``FdGh ,Q``TCd
YdG ``a dG eY ``dP e ``JdG ``dG
:gh CG ``f dG ``L J ``K .``jRdG :``f Gv` f ``Jh ``f ``e CG``J ``c c``dG ``g
jh ,``e ``T Y I``dG ``dhdG ``jOdG
.dG

:HdG dG d :HdG dG d
:dG :dG
:bdG :SG 860 :bdG :SG 859
ZCGh QTCG SdG dG
g T I``dG NCJ GPd J g Sh a K H OLe U fe M S
dG ``dEG VdG ``dG e ``e dG ``S ``g .%1 ``H ``dG O``J ``M
k
dEG dG ``e Y``dG ``dG e H ?J hO e g c j CG UCG CG cCG
?QdG

:HdG dG d
:dG
:bdG :SG 861
RGdG e
J CG j ,``dG jQdG ``VQe e jdG ``a
J IdGh .gcGe ``M QhJ dG RGdG ``e
Ye a fCG U``TCG j CG Y IQdG a
Vh a ``dG ``J H ``dG ``Y ``bGh
.RGJ
AG``dG ``FGhdc R``dG ``a jh``e U`
k `TCG ``J
,RGdG ``e Y e ``jJ HQCG ``a ``YRdG
J JdG g CG ``ae j g .e g ``c
?RGJ dM

1000 Game .indb 298 2/16/16 10:23 AM

 299 dG d dG

(Cracks and Dried Mud) dG dGh dG

,Fb ``jGhR ``J ``fEa ``dP ``eh ;Gv` L ``e
``e ``W ``c CG ``VGaH ``dP ``J ``jh
j CG dG Y j :TfG KCJ e g dG
M``e e ``Sj dG Ch .G kL bCG dG
dG ``dG J ``dG ``Y ``a ,``bCG
jGhR Y dG ``Sh ,``dG e Y Vh
a aNG iJh . kfe dG c GPEG Fb
.a dG Af dG S
dh ``e Q``dGh ``YdG h``J ``b fh ,``eGe ``dh ``He ``dGtJ
c CG ``dEG Gk` fh .``f O``d ``k ah ``J IOY S fEa ,dG MCG ``j eY dd
120 jGhR a J We ``dEG ``J ga ,e WdG KK WJ ``J N e Fb ``T dEG
.LQO .QfG SGh
A``dG ``e ,``fe ``Z IO``dG ``J ``eY ke Z GkeCG FT YHQ WJ J oj
dG W ``Y hCk G ``j fEa ,c Y ``dG Wj CG dG Z e fC ;ek d d
JdG ``j ``eYh ,Fb ``jGhH ``WJ ``dG gJG ``a dH O``Le ``T e G``jL ``T
dG g c ,jfK T J ,fhdG OJh j e kdZh .`` keJ ``f dG a ``ce
H jW N W Y ,QdG hCG ``dG a ``da :``NBG ``b ``X ``dG ``e CG ``jJ
.LQO 120 gQGe jGhR j ,Ggh .``WdG f N ``e j ``bCG
f jGH ``dG jf a d ``dG ``JG
``Z ``dH ``dG ``dG ``fCG h``Jh
.eH dG

:HdG dG d :HdG dG d
:dG :dG
:bdG :SG 863 :bdG :SG 862
?dhCG UUdG WCG e HdG Ya
,UUQ KdG WdG LQ e MGh c WCG :WT N UH dG eCJ dG ZCG ``K ,HdH e ``M e HdG ``Ya e ``Ya ``fo
g e .``Jb ``Y fdG ``dG ``e ``JW ``e IQO``dG ``dG ``HJh .YdG H dG ah LQdG NdG ZCG K ,f AKCG a YdG H
?OU CG S CG dN - dhCG UUdG WCG e ae j g ,edG a KG ih``J M UCG YdG ``S g ?``S e ae j g
?dG

dN S OU

1000 Game .indb 299 2/16/16 10:23 AM

 dG dG d 300

:HdG dG d :HdG dG d
:dG :dG
:bdG :SG 865 :bdG :SG 864
AGdG ehe dG jdG
k `T ``V
``dG ``e ``k bQ `k `jW j` ICe c jYh fK e Ye J CG j
``k jJ ``S 10 ``j ``H ``dhW ``Y ,e g c jY a S OHCG hU a
k ``V ``K ,``adG Q``N
GQhCG ``e ``H g .a jOU HQCG Y U c j H
``Y ``VGh ,j``dG ``Y ``dG jCG fdG e dG bCG Y QdG j
c AG``dG ``jd ``SH ``SCG ``dEG Y a ek k
,dG dEG Uh hdG e
jf VG ``K ,dG Qh J ``e eh ?(dG AGOdG dG J) dG W
e J ``j ``g .``dG j``dG ?dG bCG W
?S dG

:HdG dG d :HdG dG d
:dG :dG
:bdG :SG 867 :bdG :SG 866
d HdG Z ddG AGdG V
a Vh ``ga ``SGh ,IQhQ``b a ``fk dH ``aOG dG W``T e KG aOG
dG BG dhM GPEGh ,``e g c IQhQ``dG ``a ,J e bCH k e H
``a ``j CG ``j ``ddG CG ``S ,``ddG ``a ``dG ``e ``fCG ``S
IQhQ``dG ``M C` j ``cCdHh ,``a ``dG HdG g .``H dG
?ddG g S ae j g .edH HJ ``SSC
k G g ``dG
(Magdeburg) ``jLe
``b ``dG ``f I``dG
dGh ,1654 ``Y ``a ``H
AGdG CG I``e hC ``XCG
.dG e dG j
``as eo I``c ``f ``V
``k e ``fhdG ``e ``Ye
d .AGdG e Zu ao K ,jH
N fK e ja j
ce gJG a J
j g .dG a e
dG ``e j GP``d ae
dG W``T a GvL
?IFGdG f hCG

1000 Game .indb 300 2/16/16 10:23 AM

 301 dG d dG

:HdG dG d :HdG dG d
:dG :dG
:bdG :SG 869 :bdG :SG 868

(Bernoulli) dfH ICLe

H Y RdG N WdG Gc e Jc Yo
j g .e g c ,H e Ib ae
?JdG H AGdG f GPEG S e J

:HdG dG d
:dG
:bdG :SG 870
SCGh YCG
a H Ic J
j jCG.AGdG
MQ ,WCG kbh QdG N
CG YCG dEG Y Gk N dG aM e GvL k jb bdG j GPd
??SCG dEG MQ ?dG a GvL jS Qb Qhe

FGdG fe
cCG TCG J Y JY``d H``SdG M ,GkO``e ` k `T hCG W
k ``J ``FGda (Fluid Y``dG dY GFdG ``e GP``d
.GQdGh GFd Ya FGdG t J Ggh ,a LJ dG AYdG T NCJ J ``fC ?``f dG ``dG ``d Mechanics)
.FGdG e c GRdGh dG G``gh ,``f ``dG i``dG G``fC ``c
fd ``dG dG QJ ``Me jh
``J .aCG f Y ``Sj dG ``g ``dG
ie Y GQ``dG J QJ N ``e ``FGdG ,``S d F``da :KG H jdG j
dEG ``dG ``LCGh jQGdGh GFdG ``eJ
``d ``bhdG ``TCG ``NG ``M :O``dG Gg e GRd ``d M a ,Oe M K ``eh
dG ``f OdG ``gh ;``FGdG ``fe O``e
a M jY ``cCG H``fG ``TCG fe .a IOLdG AYdG M Ad OJh ,dG
OUQCGh ,``jedG IQh``dG ``T Y ``jC
k G Y``J
.adG dEG kjW dG
``S ``g G``gh ,Gv` L I``e ``FGdG ``cM ``FdG ``e ``jh .``dG ``Yh ``jdG
Ic``dGh ``jdG ``fCG ``dEG ``SdG ``MG .U d IOe CG dG (Fluid)

1000 Game .indb 301 2/16/16 10:23 AM

 dG dG d 302

:HdG dG d
:dG
:bdG :SG 871

IFdG MQ
?Sk s eo IFdG L e idG AdG j GPd

:HdG dG d :HdG dG d
:dG :dG
:bdG :SG 873 :bdG :SG 872
(U-Tube) dG fCG IYdG IdG
``dEG ``fCG ``J ``eY ``T ``fCG ``a A``dG ``U b``J ``dG ``bdG ``g
``S ,``dG Vh ``SdG IhM fCG ``T Y Jd ``dhdG ``J I``c
.eHE ee
k AdG HEG V .e g c ,(U) IDe fG``SCG YCG ``dEG
i``e ``S ``gY ``K ,``fCG ``aW ``MCG ``Y 1 GPEG ``k e ``j A``dH
``c ,RG``e ``Z A``dG
``SdG ``a ``e ``g
2 ej M jH fCG u e fG``SCG ``a A``dG c
c GPEG hCG ,S dM a
HEG ``VG .``HEG A``dG
CG j g .``VdG .MEH d jdG Y IQ``H ``J ``dM ``a
dEG OD` j dG ``e ``VJ ?jFGO
?dG e RGJ Y

:HdG dG d :HdG dG d
:dG :dG
:bdG :SG 876 :bdG :SG 875 :HdG dG d
:dG
dG AWEG AGdG af :bdG :SG 874
``T (``Sh) ``H ``J ``eY ``S GP``e SCGQ LQG K ,U b NGO dhW J Ic V SG
?e k `a ,``J e bCH fGh ``dG ``dEG
CG e `
ae hJh ,SG VM J fCG J
a ``e I``dG G``J ,``dG ``f I``dG ``aJ
b J CG dG d j dG aVEG RdG
.AGdG
d ,dG Y ``K fe M ``J .``J CG
``f ``Y ``f ``ch dG AdG a bhh dG S K .J d
a IdG JQG ,i``bCG g ,VdG b a ``dG J eY .VdG ``e
``ae ``j ``g .``dG a AdG i``e ``Jj
``dG Gg ``S CG ``j CG ,``VdG
?jdG ?g c j

1000 Game .indb 302 2/16/16 10:23 AM

 303 dG d dG

:HdG dG d :HdG dG d :HdG dG d

:dG :dG :dG
:bdG :SG 879 :bdG :SG 878 :bdG :SG 877
3 QHEG 2 QHEG 1 QHEG
jdG e G kee Te f Y J fCG VaG YH jdG e ``Te f Y J fCG VaG YH jdG e ``Te f Y J fCG VaG
c GPEGh ,YdG a Gk ec 40 Y``H ``J dG k jhGR u j GdG c GPEGh ,Y``dG a Gk ec 40 jhGR u j GdG c GPEGh ,Y``dG a Gk ec 40
``VQY ``e ``LQO 90 ``e ``bCG ``jhGR u ` j G``dG Y``S cCG a ,QdG VQY e LQO 90 e bCG j Y``S cCG a ,QdG VQY e LQO 90
c e CHCG CG SCG f Y S a ,QdG ?J j ?J
?ITe jdG JG e J

GT
jQ

jQ

GT jQ
GT

:HdG dG d
4 QHEG :dG
880
:bdG :SG
?eCG dEG YS bCH j HQCG QGdG CG

1 3

1000 Game .indb 303 2/16/16 10:23 AM

 dG dG d 304

:HdG dG d :HdG dG d
:dG :dG
:bdG :SG 883 :bdG :SG 881
dG VM a S dH dG
``H ``We ``dG ``VdG ``a ``dG ``J Ae NBGh ,``dH ``f Ae ``MGh ,Hc ``jd
``S g ,L gJG e ``dG e ``b ``dG ``c ``e I``U ``e ``N ,``dH ``f
e bCG dG e ?dG VdG VQCG ``dG dG c e T e N K ,dG c a Vh
?dG J CG j dG dG .dG c a Vh dG dH
a cCG ``dG ``c fc GPEG ``e ``ae ``feEH ``g
T Lj g hCG ?dG a cCG dG c CG dG
?dG a cCG M CG dG a cCG

:HdG dG d
:dG
:bdG :SG 882
dG a UEG
a Ve ``g ``c ,G``dG ``Y ``dG ``e ``Hc RG``j
MCG a UEG ``J eY Gd ``S GPe IQ``dG
?KCG UCG fCG d c fdG dP S g ?HdG
e ``Ye
k ``UEG c ``d ``dG ``J CG ``j ``c
?K e
:HdG dG d
:dG
:bdG :SG 885
:HdG dG d
:dG
dG a dG IOGS :bdG :SG 884
dEG k FGO ``aW a G``fG M ``fCG ``T
CG ``J g ,fe a HK ``Jh dG ``fL SdG LLdG
e ``a J IOG``dG d ``jW a ``J V K ,adG M AdH I``c ``SH LLR CeCG
?dG J hCG J CG hO e dG JGh ,IdG LLdG a AZ hO e IU IQhQb
d ``NGO AdG ``e ac ``c I``dG IQhQ``b ``a
.MEH IdG LLdG S ,He IQH
Y J ``eY ``S GPe ``dG ``feEH ``g
?IdG LLdG

1000 Game .indb 304 2/16/16 10:23 AM

 305 dG d dG

FG``dG a Ke
k ``d ``dG ``JdG EG
Mf eh .``jdG a ``cCG dG ``a I``da ;``ac
Ge ``H ibCG Fd ``dG JdG Ib ,iNCG
M ``FdG uj ``dG Gdh ,``dG a ``e Gbh HdG Ya J ,YdG ``J
.dhdG Y S Y jhc
dG JdG
,Ad ``dG ``JdG ``d ``e ``Hd dc g ?jhc HdG Ya J GPd
a bQdG LCG Fd ``S ``S g Ggh J ,Ije dG Gb j dG f d
eYh .``HdG ``Ya e A``Z ``jd A``dG IQH He F``dG ``S Y IdG jdG
oS dh ,L gJG a Keh ae
,S M``e bCG Y j ``T jd F``dG FL W``SH F``dG ``S e jdG AdG
bCG d dG SdG dG dG fC ;IdG gh dG Me d e dG Gg e j .iNCG
.f d S Me AZ e Jh ,e Qb cC IU J dG
.dG JdH j e Ggh ;e

:HdG dG d :HdG dG d
:dG :dG
:bdG :SG 888 :bdG :SG 886
bdG dG Gb
CG IdG GdG ;``SCG ``j IdG Gb e CG
?IdG

:HdG dG d
:dG
:bdG :SG 887
dG dG
e Ic ``H CdG ``SG ``VM ``eo
ae ``J g ,``dH aGWCG ``M ``dG
dH LLR ?dG HhP Y S GPe
ga J Y ;IgdG g gT b J HQ
e H ,dH ``edH e LLR hCG ``We
dG Y ``bQdG J ``LLdG b ``Yh ,Q``dG
j GPd ``oJ CG ``J g ,AdG ``j h
?dP

1000 Game .indb 305 2/16/16 10:23 AM

 dG dG d 306

:HdG dG d :HdG dG d
:dG :dG
:bdG :SG 892 :bdG :SG 889
SCdG a g Ae GN
,adG M dH ``SCk c CeG ah dG a Ke jJ JQSe Y j GN
,``SCdG ``a ``g ``NOCG ``K YCG ``a fdGh G``dG ``SCG a ``dhCG ;A``dG ``jJ
.bj d AdG CG ``MJ g c ,G``dG ``SCG dEG ``j ``LQN ``fCG ``H ``Jj
``J ``J ``g .dG a Ve
j ``dG ``dG O``Y ae j a ,MG e iNCG eGdG ``gCG GPEG
CG b SCdG a dNOEG ?SCG H AdG J JQSdG CG
?adG Y dG J

:HdG dG d
:dG
:bdG :SG 890
dG fGN
OYh ``dG GYe A``T c ``a ``d ``fGN ``Hj
``a hCG G``dG ``a ``Lj ``M ;``jdG Q``e
a K fdG GdG a Ljh .S6 H jJ
.S 2 e c b jJ
a ,MGh ``bh a L ``jdG ``a ``a GPEG
?hCk G S fGdG CG ae J

:HdG dG d :HdG dG d
:dG :dG
:bdG :SG 893 :bdG :SG 891
cdG edG AYh
g c IYe K KK IdG fGSCG a Lj
a QGSH AdG QU j ,IQdG a Ve
ie j M fG``SCG
.kHK IdG
a``S ,dG J eY
,e I``e IQ``H A``dG
dG CG ae ``J g
``HC ``dG ``e a``S
?ae

dG AdG
e VdG ``SdG a c d ``FdG QdG aj
a QdG a``S JG CG a .dG dEG Q``dG L
?IdG N IdG

1000 Game .indb 306 2/16/16 10:23 AM

 307 dG d dG

:HdG dG d :HdG dG d
:dG :dG
:bdG :SG 896 :bdG :SG 894
SdG HfCG (Coanda Effect) GfGc KJ
k fk e ``Hk fCG ``M
dj fCG ``S ,jFGO cM a Le dG Q``J O``dH ``J ``eY ``S ``dG ``e
?dG J j g.kJU ?dG aH

:HdG dG d
dG Qe :dG
Oj K ,dG e fM hj CG ``fOCG dG ``YGQ OGQCG :bdG :SG 897
a j CG ``j Q``e bCG g e .HY ``dEG ``gH
?ddG g

:HdG dG d
:dG
:bdG :SG 895
dG QJ
dG Q``J ``j dG ``dG ``ae ``J ``g
LhN H ``SCG f ``j eY ``VCG ``j
:HdG dG d ?QdG e
:dG
:bdG :SG 898
dG OdG b
H AYdG ``b a jf Y ``V
AYdG ``aM ``N ``e ``f GPEG
hO ``eh ,BG .O``dG ``b i``J
,dG f ``J hCG A``YdG ``jJ
g .A``H A``dH A``YdG A``H CG``HG
d ``S e J CG ``J
?OdG

1000 Game .indb 307 2/16/16 10:23 AM

 dG dG d 308

:HdG dG d
:dG
:bdG :SG 899
AdG a dG
dM a cCG h``J ``dG IQU L Y I``dG ``SdG ``S g
?dG J SdG Vh

:HdG dG d :HdG dG d
:dG :dG
:bdG :SG 902 :bdG :SG 900
dG e IBGe IFdG X
e J IBGd JQG bCG g e ae J g G``bCG ``e I``Y BG ``JQG ``Y ``J I``FW ``J
?eb NCG dEG SCGQ e a f jDhQ CG UCG CG ``cCG dG ``S g .VQCG Y ``dH
?f IFdG H

:HdG dG d
:dG
:bdG :SG 901
IdG jhGdG
15 ``gQGe ``jhGR g``J ``c GPEG
Y J ,J SY N e LQO
J a ,Ge K H c J
e jhGdG ``M ``S c J CG
?SdG g N

1000 Game .indb 308 2/16/16 10:23 AM

 309 dG d dG

:HdG dG d
:dG
:bdG :SG 903
A
IBGdG SfG
B IBGe ``S dEG (A) ``dG ``e AdG ``e ``T ``j
.(B) dG dEG d j K je
?IBGdG g Y SfG f J CG J g

IBGdG

:HdG dG d
:dG
:bdG :SG 904
IBGdG ge
e Ne c dEG Q``j ,gdG d NGe ``S g
J GPEGh ,jGdH Ie L gdG GQL .H
``Ne CG ``e ``jW ``J CG ``a ,``SfG
.UbCG a YVdG fGdG dEG d
e GM CG ``dEG O``S Ne CG ae ``J ``g
.(dG JH NdG Y) ?dG fGdG

1000 Game .indb 309 2/16/16 10:23 AM

 dG dG d 310

:HdG dG d
:dG
:bdG :SG 905
hdG
a ``f bdG a UUdG e ``He GRhCG ``SCG
Y e OG``H IAdG ``dG YhCG e ``MGh c
.e IMGh d LQdG IQGdG LQO
20F Y AG 30F Y dG 40F Y jdG 50F Y G 60F Y dG
?dG dEG Ud Ie WCG RdG S AYh CG a
6.7 C 1.1 C 4.5 C 10 C 15.6 C

:HdG dG d :HdG dG d
:dG :dG
:bdG :SG 907 :bdG :SG 906
214 Y a (Syracuse) GRcGS SNQCG jGe (Super dG jGdG Qe
VdG e c M ;OdG b
Y dh ,F``T A``TCG ``a ddG ``a ``jGdG ``LJ Periscope)
``TCG ``cd ``jGdG ``j CG
.JMh ,dG ``a adCe Z ``LCG a LJ h``je
SNQCG GdG TEGh dG Y dG 90 ``jhGH ``LdG ``LhOe ``jGe ``Y QOCG GPEG
I``dG eG``SG ``ZCG ``MCG ``a ``dG ``Lj
Archimedes e dG dG G``g e g .``a ``SfG jDhQ ``Y GQk Ob ``S ,I``MGh ``d ``LQO
``k aa ;``SNQCG ``jdG ``ffdG ``ddG ``dEG ``jGd
?dG a N e dPh ,``fOCG ``dG a AdG ``dG
``jGdG ``SNQCG ``SG ,``dG ``J ``e ``Hd
a .dG jhGdG ``YCG a dG dG ``a ``dG
je ``UM dG ``fehdG ``SCG ``S u``U ``a
CG j ``dG ``jGdG ``e ``jv CG ``J CG ``J
?J

:HdG dG d
:dG
:bdG :SG 908
AjRCG IBGe
IBGe e ``je Ho Y ``b jv Je ``T ``j
f H ``Y IBGe H ``jh ,``HdG fGN
a AGdG ``dG IQU J ``c .``SCGQ N ``e
?HdG fGN IBGe N T

1000 Game .indb 310 2/16/16 10:23 AM

 
1000 Game .indb 311 2/16/16 10:23 AM

Gg CG dGh ,``jQdG jdG fCGh I``dG
``M :BG kY``T ``ZCG ``g ``NCG G``SG
``e IQU ``FG ``bH ``e ``jdG ``J ``fY ``a ``L ``f ``Y ``ak he ``UCG ``KCdG
.LGh Y IU (Holograms)
,e
k QdG j M ``g cCJ H
jh ,F``dG J d e jW Lj dh
.QdG JG J e gMCG
1000 Game .indb 312
GQOEG dG d 312
IOdG s dG
Z eEG ``fc IQdG ``g CG e ``ZdG ``Y j ``LQ a aZ ``jCGQ b ``fCG ``T
Gg Ea ,``SdG QdG b ``ge hCG ``ahe Y``H cQOCGh ,``a NBG ``dEG ``W ``e Q``U GPEG
e aZ ``a ``j dh ,j ``LdG CG
``TCG d ``SGdG eH eCG H ,ddG .dG a GQOEG d N
k
CG e (H ee Lh ee e) OHCG KK
;ddG R``dCG a dG ``g e CG ``Lj
(Holograms) dG QdG LJ dch ,jhGR
dG GQOEG ``Y JQb ``Y J F``dG ``a
``ee ``J ``dh Q``dG ``J ``dG
,e ``JdG AdG ``e e ``T ``Y O``HCG ``KK N e Q``XEG j dG O``HCG ``KK ``KCdGh
dG YCGh dG ``VhY a QdG g ``J .OHCG FK SdG
:HdG dG d
:dG
:bdG :SG 909
IOdG s dG
.IOe AGLCG Y g VdG dG s dG J
c a IOdG dG GMdG OY ae ``J a
?dM
,IOdG s dG OY dLEG M e AfG OH
IO``dG ``dG G``MdG ``H CG ``MJ CG ``j
``H ``Y ,``NCG hCG ,QRCG hCG ,``MCG ``dH ``fe
a .J f Y ``jOeQ NBG H H ,``LhCG ``e
dG dG bH fOCG AGOCG bH CJ CG jCk G J
dEG Ud e jW OjEG j g ?a c a j
?edG J
FdG hU
IOG G
KdG G Y fG G
G Y fG G
IMGh L Y fG G
fG Z G
LEG
2/16/16 10:23 AM
 313 dG d GQOEG

:HdG dG d :HdG dG d
:dG :dG
:bdG :SG 912 :bdG :SG 910
(Blind Spot) AdG dG He jJ
``H ``J ``TGdG ``d ``jW CG ``g ``g a j dG f jdH
?dG e iCGe Y J N GSH dG jJ
k G j e
jC
TCG jJ
fCG J .dGh
HdG HdG fc
f s c Hd dG
,H jh HQCG fCG e
HdG Gg jJ S a
hCG Hk e S g ?dM c a
?ak e hCG k e hCG Gk e

:HdG dG d
:dG
:bdG :SG 911
GdG hO
He N v `` `Y KG t jo
J `` `jh ,dG `` `a
`` `e `` `Ye `` `K `` `a
:HdG
YdG i`` `MEG -`` `HQCG
dG d
:dG ,dG `` `jW Y `` `e
:bdG :SG 913 dKh ,SCG WSH iNCGh
a .FGhdG `` `TCG W`` `SH
dG a NCG QY ,KdG `` `YdG `` `e c
dG ``a NCG GQk ``Y J CG ``J ``c dEG `` `dH `` `N c `` `b
?IQdG g dEG dG N e a J CG `` `J g .f
?dG Gg

1000 Game .indb 313 2/16/16 10:23 AM

 GQOEG dG d 314

:HdG dG d
:dG
:bdG :SG 914

HCG SQdG
``Y O``SCG ``SQdG ``jJ ``j ``c
``Y ``HCG ``SQa ``dEG ``HCG ``dG
?OSCG M

:HdG dG d :HdG dG d
:dG :dG
:bdG :SG 916 :bdG :SG 915
cGQO Y dG IH dG
?Y CG e Sj ZCG CG ae J g i``S ,AGO``dG HdG e ``T dEG ``f GPEG
dh ,``WdG Y ``jOedG dG ``e ``jdG
k WJ k FGO g CG ``S ,dM J ``eY
Gg J CG ``J ``g .jOeQ ``f Y ``LJ
?WdG

:HdG dG d
:dG
:bdG :SG 917
WdG dG
?N e cCG jDhd WdG dG dEG dG j c

1000 Game .indb 314 2/16/16 10:23 AM

 315 dG d GQOEG

:HdG dG d :HdG dG d
:dG QdG dG :dG
:bdG :SG 920 W hO e Q``dG ``dG a IdG ZEG j g :bdG :SG 918
dG jDhdG ?b hCG dG
?IQdG g a OLdG AdG ae J g

:HdG dG d
:dG
:bdG :SG 919
fdG QdG X
a Y``S ie e .He ``fL QU ``K ``g
?QdG g t J

1000 Game .indb 315 2/16/16 10:23 AM

 GQOEG dG d 316

g jDhQ SdG sdG JG jDhQ a HU Lh dM a .dG `` kge e
dG gL .Y Y kSCGQ dG bG ,KdG
.YGHEG
J CG hCG ,jdG H dG Lh J EG
cCG a j jH ATCG jDhQ Y GkQOb
?s dG OY e
k ``dG dG G``dG G``g t ` jo
``J M ;A``TCG gJG J Y dG IQd
ec se ``S eEG iJ CG ``f ``SdG N e
``Z ``s dG ``e IO``e AG``LCGh ``s e ``KK hCG

:HdG dG d :HdG dG d
:dG :dG
:bdG :SG 922 :bdG :SG 921
IOdG dG Le b
? IOdG dG b Y QdG J g ``dG E` a ,``dG ``dG
s A``Z ``e ``ZdG ``Y
``bH ``ag ``jJ ``J Q``dG ``TCH ``LdG
ae J g ,dG Y ITe dH .e
?YQdG e Te N a j bdG VhCG CG

:HdG dG d
:dG
:bdG :SG 923
bQCG
?bQCG J dG dG ae J g

1000 Game .indb 316 2/16/16 10:23 AM

 317 dG d GQOEG
fQdG J jH LoJ hCG YoJ d SGh
t J .adCdG Z jGhdG e ``M e GQOEGh
edH Xe ``Zh FJh I``e IQdG g
jdG Vsj .IQdG ``g Ga dM A``SH
IQdG d ``edH GkQGVCG hCG ``k J fj ``jdG
bGdG ``a ,cGQOEGh ``TCG fQe ``Y ``dG
Gg hO e ``e ``T J edG IdG sEG
.dG YdG e fdG
:HdG
:dG
:bdG :SG 925
Y Y SCk GQ HdG dG
dG ``S ,MCG dG ``W Y IBGe ``V
e ``Se jfEG dG Q``WEG a IO``LdG
dG S d ,Oe g c QdG dEG dG
.Y Y ``SCk GQ He ``dG QWEG a IOLdG
?dP J j g
PLACE A MIRROR VERTICALLY
ON THE LEFT RED LINE.
WORDS IN THE TOP FRAME
WILL BE REVERSED RIGHT-
LEFT (BUT NOT UPSIDE-
DOWN). WORDS AT THE
BOTTON FRAME ARE NOT
ONLY REVERSED, BUT ALSO
TURNED UPSIDE-DOWN, CAN
YOU EXPLAIN WHY?
BOOKIE EXCEEDED HIKED
ICEBOX CHOKED COED
BOBBED DECK BEECED COD
HID BOXED DODO BOB
CHOKED COCO EXEEDED
BOOKIE HIKED ICEBOX DID
CHOICE BOOKED OBOE
HEEDED OX HID COKE
EXHOED BOOHDO DOCKED
1000 Game .indb 317
dG Lh
e J ``dG ``g I``dG G``dG ``g ``a ``TCG ``UCG sCG e``SdG ``j ``e ``k dZ
Y ``LCG ``g ``Sd I``e ``jW ``cG jDhdh ,``adCdG ``TCG g gjJ ``j ``dG
.jdG MdG Tb ``Hh O``dG ``H ``LCG hCG ``TCG ``MCG
G kL fdG j ,``MJ hCG Y``S -e k - fc
JGQJ ``Y d ``k FGO ``fdG ``aj e a ;``gf ``Lh hCG ``gQJ ``d Gk` c
cQdGh YGdG dY CG Y dO
k t J dG HdG ``N ``e ``HdG I``dG ``JJ ``SQj ``fdG
Gf A``T c Jh ,O``HCG ``KK Q``dG ``J ``N ``e ``M hCG ,``dG ``gJG hCG IBG``dG
``f ``Y I``aGe Q``dG ``g ``e t ` J .``u oJh ;VdG dEG I``jL If Y ``d f``S
dG d :HdG dG d
:dG
:bdG :SG 924
AdG a s e
A``dG hn ``j CG ``gd ``dG ``e ``dCG
?be Z jhGR ``e dEG fo GPEG ``k e
s dG a ;bJ hCG dP uU
``e ``T IQ``dG ``a ``VdG I``dG
``e hR c ;``dG ``e GhRCG ``KK
``KK ``e I``MGh ``Ye ``e ,``He
a iNCG Ye eh He ``J
eCG j b .jdG ja MGh J
V j e CG ad bdG H ``e
;dG b fk MCG ``dG e ;``a CG
``dG ``ae ``Y ``dP Y``j ``a
.HdG
,HdG KdG GhRCG jJ J g
`` ` HdG `` ` KdG `` ` TCG `` ` Yeh
?Yf e jdG dGh
2/16/16 10:23 AM
 GQOEG dG d 318

I``LCG G``NG ``g ``eCG G``d ``dG ``MCGh
hO e ``Jh ,edG g GQOEG Y IQOb
f RfEG MCG j d fCG e ZdG Yh
``dGh GedG KCG a ,dH j ec
.fEG CG e cCG bGeh JAc
GkQe JGQH G``fd ``fEG e t oj
j da ;``jdG dG dCG ``fd ``v e
a ,fCGh G``dCGh ``TCGh ``dH ``dG
kWN if hCG J e i``S fCH hdG
.IOLe Z bGdG a g
jDhdG OhM
YO dEG ``J ``jHYH ``YGN ``j ``fEa eCG fCG ``Y dG e``j ``SdG ``e
.JMe IAc fCd dG GQOEG oj ,bGdG a d ,OY
.ANCG ij f``fEG da ;dH Je gP Y
Y g``T IO``T dEG ``J eY ``cJ)
.dG iJ e e
cCG d hJ A``TCH f CG j PEG ,(``e O``d
FK SQ a Y MH hCG ,dG M e ``jDhd ``dG ``e ``J ``jdG ``dG EG
hCG dG OMCG f jDhQ a hCG ,m``e ``d OHCG gGj c dh ,HdG JGN Y G ke ATCG
.HK bGdG a gh IQU cH SMEG a .BG eeCG
``SQdG ``Mh ,``SGM IA``d ``M ``g fRL a g dG UN e ZdG Y
H R``fE ``Se ``J CG ``j I``dG dG e a aH e
k J dG cGQOEG
dG ,QdG dGh ``dGh dGh ``VjdGh

:HdG dG d :HdG dG d
:dG :dG
:bdG :SG 927 :bdG :SG 926
H - b QdG -NGdG a HHdG
g .GhdG jM Lhd IQU fOCG dG Vj a HHdG ``Y g ``dG dG jJ ``j ``g
a JO``S J dG IQdG Y QdG ``j ?hdG
?eOdG dG GdG

1000 Game .indb 318 2/16/16 10:23 AM


1000 Game .indb 319 2/16/16 10:23 AM
 GhY dL dG d 320

:HdG dG d
:dG
:bdG :SG 928

dG dG
Y me fK A``H GhDhj CG hQe ``Se ``jj
a dG ``d ,``FdG ``Md ``Y ``VdG ``dG
hCG eeCG ``LGdG eEG a J dG- A``bQdG ``MdG
Yhd e e eoO ,fd jOdG LGdG
dGh e c H H J CG J a . iNCG
?AbQdG MdG a H UdG

:HdG dG d
:dG
:bdG :SG 929
VdG a SCG jJ
UdG `` `J `` `jQdG `` `SdG `` `MCG `` `SQj
M ;Ve `` `Yb `` `a FHdG `` `adG G`` `S
a dG `` `Zjh ,Ke G`` `Mh dEG `` `YdG `` `J
GMh K ecCG WdG g e WJ c j Cs G
.f FHdG dG e
k jYh N g gdG FdG J J
Ge
M v g CG SdG j dh ,FHdG adG e
k J J CG ``j g ?e g g .``NBG ``jv ObG
``f bdG ah FHdG adG ``e OY bCG ``j
?MGdG dG e GMh 3 e cCG WJ CG a j

1000 Game .indb 320 2/16/16 10:23 AM

 321 dG d aVEG dL

:HdG dG d
:dG
:bdG :SG 930
QjdG a jjdG dG
C jG
jG S OHCG FdG dG
AfG
(Flatland)
H IOh``e jRGe ``jjM ``S ``N ``J ``J
``J .(``e) OHCG j``e Q``jO ``a ``je
e eCG gh ,WJ hO e jdG HQ dG
dK je IO``b W .edG hGdG OG``YEG ``VGZC
Vh IOYEG ddG jjdG dG N V d
jdG J H ,iNCG Ie ge hCG GQdG H
.bCG Y jjdG dG e H e ddG
``gMCG ``j ``H ``jjdG ``dG ``N t o` S
,NBG JG a jk RGe ``NBG jh ,JG a ``jk RGe
j g .dK JG a jRGe dK Ye J K
``H ``jjdG ``dG ``f ``J ``c ``cG
?WdG e e OY bCH gDhfEG j
A jG
B jG
jG S
jG S

:HdG dG d :HdG dG d :HdG dG d

:dG :dG :dG
:bdG :SG 933 :bdG :SG 932 :bdG :SG 931
(Crawling HQCGh HQCG CG MR 2 dG jJ
Centipede) W ``Y ``d ``dG ``ShDhQ ``e ``SCGQ ``SQo
``e e ``dG ``jhGdG ``a ``HQCGh ``HQCG CG ``J JG A``KCGh ``ah ,``WdG ``JFGdG ``e
j ``g .``fOCG ``VdG ``dG ``Y ,O``HCG ``KK ddG SCGdG Sj jFGdG JGQe dG ``ShDhQ
,I``d OHCG KK ``dG GM Y jW ``jJ k
.G ke T
cQCG ``e ``cQ c ``Y ``a I``MGh I``e ``J ``H ?SCGdG Gg SQ dG dG jJ j g
?IMGh Ie e cCG aM CG W Y J h ,dG
GM e ``aM c ``j I``dG Q``e CG ``M)
.(dG
3 dG jJ
W ``Y ``d ``dG ``ShDhQ ``e ``SCGQ ``SQo
dG ShDhQ J Mh ,Se JFGO e
k ddG dG SCGQ Sj ,jFGdG JGQ``e
T
Gg ``SQ dG ``dG ``jJ ``j ``g .G k``e
?SCGdG

1000 Game .indb 321 2/16/16 10:23 AM

 GhY dL dG d 322

:HdG dG d :HdG dG d :HdG dG d

:dG :dG :dG
:bdG :SG 936 :bdG :SG 935 :bdG :SG 934
dG FGhdG d dG UGbCG d IFGdG J
IdG IFGdG ``Y ``dG FGhdG Vh j ``g IFGdG b ``K ,% 300 H ``fOCG IQdG ``fG ``j ``g ,``a I``dGh Q``LdG G``SH
?H a FGhdG NGJ H ,e jH Y iNCG ``J IMGh AG``dG ``FGhdGh AG``dG ?MdG jhe We fK dEG IFGdG J
.SCG dG j b f Y dG J c AGdG IFGdG ``J H ,AGdG I``FGdG
H AGU IFGO CG Ve jH ``j .eJ k
.AGdG Y Vh

:HdG dG d
:dG
:bdG :SG 937
k Lh jdG P dG Ie
j``Y e dG ``dG ``j ``a ``J ``fCG ``J
g .k Lh j``dG P ``dG ``SH j dG ``k V
Y Q``dG d jW Y QdG ``J fCG ``J
c ``Y ``J ``H ,``dG G``g ``VCG hCG G``M ``W
Y J K ,IMGh Ie I``Y KG jGhR e jhGR
?e CGH dG dG
,OHCG KK ``dG Gd M OLh QJ dG e
``e e fCG dEG Gk f ;eJ
k ae dC` dG ``d
``g .O``HCG ``KK ``k Lh j``H ``d O``HCG ``FK
dG AGdG dG W Y GQk e J CG j
Ie N ``d Qhe ``j CG Y ,I``FGO c ``Y ``J
?e CGH dG IFGdG Y Jh ,a IMGh

1000 Game .indb 322 2/16/16 10:23 AM

 323 dG d aVEG dL

:HdG dG d
:dG
:bdG :SG 938
FGhdG a dG
``a ``dG ``SN ``jdG ``g ``a ``dG ``jo
dG j ,hCk G .YGdG JG j jdG UTCd
Y j ,``k fK .GQ``dG W Y a jdG ``a
IMGh Ie IY ``dG FGhdG e IFGO c Y QhdG
b dG GQ``jdG JJ ``Vd a bQ ``Jh ,``a
bJ dG FGhdG g e IFGO c cJ Y ,k dK .H
M gJG J Y j ,(dhCG IFGdG H) ``a
W Y ``dG ``j ,``k HGQ .``e ``H ``J
jW OjEG ``j a .a IMGh I``e MGdG Q``dG
?hdG g ah jdG a d

:HdG dG d :HdG dG d
:dG :dG
:bdG :SG 940 :bdG :SG 939
``a IO``LdG a``dG A``bQdG M``dG ``e CG
HdG UJ ``dG ``ad ``fOCG h``dG ``dEG ``LQG ?``dG
NGdG dG
``N c - k ``S j``Y Y JdG Hc j .TCd dG ``J ``g ,``NGdG ``TCG ``e ``Ye c ``a
,``eGO X a J c GPEG .``e ``H ``e a``dG AGdG M``dG e :cCG jCG ``ae
e cCd H ``J CG j dG ``SCG OY e
? GdCG g e d c e G kMGh k S QNG

VCG jhe dG FGhdG HdG

IMh 2 :VCG IMh 2 :dG f IMh 2 :VCG
IMh 2 :VCG IMh 2 :dG f GMh 3 :VCG
GMh 4 :VCG IMh 3^5 :dG f GMh 6 :VCG
GMh 4 :VCG IMh 4^5 :dG f GMh 8 :VCG
GMh 6 :VCG

1000 Game .indb 323 2/16/16 10:23 AM

 GhY dL dG d 324

:HdG dG d :HdG dG d
:dG :dG
:bdG :SG 943 :bdG :SG 941
``fOCG ``VdG ``dG ``TCG ``UJ ``j ``g
Y AGO``dG ``HQCG ``dG ``H ``Hj ``L A``fE
dG QL NGdG dG
j d ,H M dG MR j ?jGhdG e I``Y ``fK ``NGe ``e ``KK ``j
J CG ``jh ,``e ``fGL ``L ``jh ,``gjhJ .fOCG VdG dG Y e
.HK AGOdG dG A``fE ``NGJ ``f ``dG ``L ``J ``g
?iNCG WdG e jdG

:HdG dG d
:dG
:bdG :SG 942
IFdG dG
:HdG dG d dG OY e ,``dG Qe N ``S NO GPEG
:dG
:bdG :SG 944 dG g J CG dN e j dG dG
?dG Gg a cGe KK hCG
aGdG dG
cJ QNG N e fOCG VdG dG j
.IQ``dG ``Z ``dG ``KdG h``dG
a ,dG ``d dG Ua ``YCG GPE` a
?dG dG MG

1000 Game .indb 324 2/16/16 10:23 AM

 325 dG d aVEG dL

:HdG dG d :HdG dG d
:dG :dG
:bdG :SG 948 :bdG :SG 945
KG NCG GPEa ,Yd GN S NCj CG ``Sj Y
CG j ``dG G``dG e ``LhR
k ``a ,I``e c ``a
GdG YQ o dG dG
?Yd Lj o QdG e jhGdG ``Fb ``e ``u bo
dG Y ``Wh
``H ``bdG ``cG ``j ``g .``fOCG ``VdG
?UCG dG Meh FdG AGdG dG

:HdG dG d
:dG
:bdG :SG 946
dG a
cj H ,k dW Y ``N Y U j
:HdG :HdG dG ``Y iNCH ``j h ,I``Y I``e ``H
dG d dG d
:dG :dG Y KG Th ,AbQR e Y HQCG Y :JBG
:bdG :SG 950 :bdG :SG 949 ,RdG a IOjR fj e Y MCGh ,OSCG e
OY ae ``j g .``edG GW ``e I``Yh
2 jdG dG ae 1 jdG dG ae fY h R``dG ``a IO``jdG ``fj ``jdG ``dG
N W Y ``adG g ``J j g ``J CG ``J g ,g bQCG ae ``eCJ ?OSCG gT dh AbQR
OLH j ?k He GAk L Y S dEG dG e ``j H ,``e ``jH AG``LCG ``fK ``dEG
e j CG jh ,jCGL CG a ``f OGYCG CG a OG``YCG d jk h``e AL CG a OG``YCG
.34 AL c a OGYCG ?NBG AL
:HdG dG d
:dG
:bdG :SG 947
GQdG bQCG Md
``fdG ``MdG ``NCJ G``dG ``e ``jdG ``a
k G kMGh ak M :fOCG VdG ``dG GQ``d
Ye
.hM KH Ye bQCG KH
dG dG fdG MdG OY e ,Gc H a
?Y j

1000 Game .indb 325 2/16/16 10:23 AM

 GhY dL dG d 326

:HdG dG d :HdG dG d
:dG :dG
:bdG :SG 952 :bdG :SG 951
hO e jdGh dG WdG g JJ YCG GPEG
e OY Y J IQU A``fEG j gY ,gjhJ 2 e Qe e s dG adG jJ f
?IQdG Y J dG s dG OY a ,s dG Gg a IOLdG dG jJ a ZJ fCG J
f dG e N a j jH dG
.(FGhO T Y J dG) Jjf a
?dEG J dG dG GdCG OY e

:HdG dG d
:dG
:bdG :SG 954
2 FGhdG jJ :HdG dG d
:dG
k ah ``fu do fOCG ``dG ``a ``VdGh ``fdG ``FGhdG
:bdG :SG 953
``YGdG ``g ``ae ``J ``g .``e ``YGd
``d ``k ah A``dG ``FGhdG ``jJ ``SGh
?YGdG
(THE) dG
`s`bo ``K ,%300 ``H ``fOCG IQ``dG ``fG
d JJ CG ``J a .Y ``dG ``TCG
?(THE) dG

1000 Game .indb 326 2/16/16 10:23 AM

 327 dG d aVEG dL

:HdG dG d :HdG dG d
:dG :dG
:bdG :SG 957 :bdG :SG 955
Re K e OY P dG GM jJ
KK e OGYCG Y ``Vjo ``TT dBG d J k Lh Y KG
g VY ``j ``dG I``MdG ``bQCGh ,R``e `` `S dEG J dG GdCG OY e
``ddG O``Y ``ae ``J ``a .(3 h 2 h G) VdG dGAGLCG e AL c jJ
?VY dBG d j dG dG f dG e BGL j H ,fOCG
?MGh WJ a

:HdG dG d
:dG
:bdG :SG 958

:HdG dG d
:dG
:bdG :SG 956
(Parquet) (NdG dG e VQCG) cQdG
Q``dG ``Y ``VdG ``dG ``a
,jZ aZ VQC J ``j
dGh HdG ``J M
a LJ dG ceCG dEG AGOdG
``VQCG ``Y ``cdGh I``YCG
.adG
2 jhdG MdG ``e ``jW ``J CG ``J ``g
FGhdG `` HQCG e GhRCG KK `` dG Gg `` Vj A``SH) ``VQCG ``g ``d
FGhdG HQCG e OY dEG aVEH ,H `` e (AGO``dG ``dGh HdG
jh .`` dG dGh `` H `` Y ddG Z ec ``N G``dCH ,``edH
hm `` e FGhdG HQCG `` e hR c M`` e `` e CG 4 ``a I``Mh 1 ``gOHCG ``Ue

IOdG FGhdG `` HQCG e a MGh HQ M`` d ?GMh

.YCG VdG
jFGdG `` HQCG `` e `` HQ CG `` jJ `` J `` g
J j gh ?NBG hR CG e Sj IOdG
M`` dG J CG `` j dG `` SdG `` dG
?eJ
k jhe

1000 Game .indb 327 2/16/16 10:23 AM

 GhY dL dG d 328

:HdG dG d :HdG dG d :HdG dG d

:dG :dG :dG
:bdG :SG 961 :bdG :SG 960 :bdG :SG 959
Jfa fGQCG dG e dG HQCG WCG a cdG
``f (Fibonacci Rabbits) I``jdG ``ehdG CG ``e ``Ff ``g (Polyamonds) ``SfeCG ``dH WCG ``HQCGh cdG ``e b ``HQCG ``e ``J
Y a ,(Leonardo Fibonacci) ``Jfa hOQ``fd ``g A``fEG ``j .(Polyominoes) ``SeCG ``dd dG ``ae ``j ``g .``be ``d ``He
``S ``Y c ``djEG ``VjQ ``dY ``gh ,1202 jh``e ``Ke ``e ``V ``N ``e ``TCG b jJ dN e j dG L ``dG
a ch .(Liber Abaci) G``H Hk c ,eY k j``Yh ``SG ``j ``g .``L ``dEG ``k L ``VCG QdG ``dG G``SG j ?``HQCG ``cGdG
:JBG dG ``dH ``SGS ``f ``e ``dG ``dG ``Y Y``d ``fe ``bCG ``HQCGh ``fOCG ``VdG
``fCGh ``MGh ``cP) I``KdG ``fGQCG ``e ``KG ``j ?dG Gg a VdG dG .dd dG L dG M
Gk cP - ``fGQCG e G k``jL LhR
k ``T c a (I``MGh AGU 1 ca
AGM 2 ca
H OdG ``LhdG Kjh .jC k G I``MGh fCGh G k``MGh AbQR 3 ca
AGN 4 ca
LfEG j dG fGQCG GhRCG O``Y e .j``T Qhe
``S a ``fGQCG ``e ``MGh hR ``e
Y VGaG ``Y ,IMGh
hR c CGh ,fGQCG e
e e fGQCG e
``fCGh ``MGh ``cP
?IMGh

:HdG dG d
:dG
:bdG :SG 962
(Hexiamonds) dG SGS
N e (Hexiamonds) ``dG ``SGS A``fEG j
dEG ``k L VCG jh``e ``He ``e ``S ``HQ
``SGS ``Y KG ``dG ``dEG ``dG ``Vj .``L
``He ``e ``S ``e ``fe) ``dG ``dG
dG ``a e ``e ``KK ``Vh .(``dH
dG ``Vh ``j a ,``g ``VdG AGO``dG
?dG dG

1000 Game .indb 328 2/16/16 10:23 AM

 329 dG d aVEG dL

:HdG dG d :HdG dG d
:dG :dG
:bdG :SG 964 :bdG :SG 963
dG JdG d SdH fOCG VdG ``SGdG ``TCG e 110 dG UGbCG e SGS SN
GPEG eCG .``k e `k `MG 22 ``gOYh ``dG ``SGdG
a ``Uh ``S ``b h ,``T ``dG ``g ``j d dG ``dG e jW 22 ``fOCG ``dG Vj
``SdG Vh Y ``Hha ,FbUCG ``MCG ``e ``c
jeCG fdG ``SdG jf VGh gdCG IVe ``dEG ``k L ``dG ``VCG ``SGS ``TCG G``M
Y VdG dG N W Y (22) ``SGdG
``YdG O``j ,(Frank Harary) ``jQg ``fGa GPEG .``SGS ``SN YdG ``g ``J .``L
Y GQk Ob j Y NBG dH Rj M ,fOCG MdG
(1 bQ ``e GAk H) ``ddG ``bQCG ``Vh ``a QGhOCG e fdG j``dG MdG ``J hM O``H ``c
.Lf jH dG Vh
OdG Vh ``Yd j .``jOdG e O``Y CG ``a
OdG G``g ``a GO``Y ``Lj CG j``T O``dG ``a
``S ``Y ;Q``NG ``dG O``dG h``j ``Ye
``Y ``j ,``fOCG ``dG ``dG ``g ``a ,``dG
e e d 8 bQ j CG QhdG Y dG YdG
bQCG Y j hCG OdG CG H ;dH dG
.5 h 3 e bQCG Y fdG OdG jh ,7 h 1 e
jJ J g .GkOY j Y NBG dH Rjh
Rd 2 bQ ``YdG H j CG ``j ``dG c``dG
?hCG YdG ``M s Y dG ``H ,Ie c ``a
?e d WCG jJ j g

q Y
2 OY 1 OY

:HdG dG d
:dG
:bdG :SG 965
dG N Ub a :VjdG S
C ,OGYCG ``e j H ,g dG ``N ``T a 9-1 e bQCG ``J CG ``J ``g
k ?SGdG dG dP OY V IQhdG ``SGdG TCG a ,s e ``SGS ``T
GPEG ,e
5, 10, 15, 25 j CG j IQhdG ``SGdG ``TCG e Ea ,5 OdG j ``SGdG c
.Ggh

1000 Game .indb 329 2/16/16 10:23 AM

 GhY dL dG d 330

:HdG dG d :HdG dG d :HdG dG d

:dG :dG :dG
:bdG :SG 968 :bdG :SG 967 :bdG :SG 966
OdG M bQCG OdG e Ye
jv Oa OdG Gg c GPEG .OGYCG e OY CG a a Jh) IY iMEG ``dG GMh e IMh c
c GPEGh :1 bQ dEG VCGh ,VCG KK ``Ya OdG OY a (dG Gg a AGdG HdG
IYdG g u W .2 Y ``ba ,v LhR bdG Gg j ,dLEG OdG ``dEG FdG VCG GPEGh ,``f
e jDhQ j ``g .Y J jL ``bQ c ``Y ``e I``MGh ``Ye ``od O``dG ``JJ IO``YEG
?dG jf a j k k He gOGaCG OY JdG
.ec
``S ,1 bdH GAk ``H j CG j ``dG OdG OY e fOCG ``dG ``e
1, 4, 2 , 1, 4, 2 , 1 , :Y ,OdG OY e ?g dG GMh e IMh c a
.Gg ,4, 2 ?edG YdG a ,FdG dP a H
``S 2 ``bdH GAk ``H
2 , 1, 4, 2, 1, 4, 2, :``Y
.Ggh ,1, 4
``S :3 ``bdH GAk ``H
3, 10 , 5, 16 , 8 , 4, ``Y
.Ggh ,2, 1 ,4, 2, 1
M a ``j YCG ``dG CG j ``e Y``S
c ``g ,``d .1- 4- 2- 1- 4- 2 ``e ``fe
?e e dG f QGdG dH j ``J
.7 bdH AdG N e Ja NG

:HdG dG d
:dG
:bdG :SG 969
JQd bCG dG
,G kMGh Gk e e c W j ,Ke GdCG J Vh
VdG ``dG ``Y e``dH ``VQCG ``Y ``K ``bh
d i``NCG fdG G``dCG ``f ``j ``g .``fOCG
gh ?dG ``dG dEG Ud ``JQG e Q``b ``bCG
dEG UdGh GdCG Qd QCd k ac JQG Gg S
?e 1.4 r Ho Y IOLdG dG b
Hs e NGO Hs e e 1

,k M UCG Hs e ``J dEG QRCG HdG ``u bo

``u bo Ks ,gdG dH dG a HdG u do h
Hs e J dEG dG AbQdG fdG HdG
k G ``dG ``a ``HdG u ` do h ,i``NCG
``dH ``jC
Z LCG dEG I``e dG g fc GPEG .gdG
FdG M``dG dEG ``UdG ``j a ,``e
QRCG HdG Me dEG ``dH gdG Hd e 1.4
?UCG

1000 Game .indb 330 2/16/16 10:23 AM

 331 dG d aVEG dL
:HdG
:dG
:bdG :SG 972
dG je
``dG j M ,dG jd jW ``a ``fCG
J CG OHh ,k FGO dG a ``j jdG
``je ``dEG OD` j ``jW ``Lj ,``dG ``e ``dEG
M ``dG je ``dEG OD` j ``NBG ``jWh ``dG
Y IOLdG adG ;HGdG ``dG a ``j
I``e -``J CG ``j ``c -``dG ``e
IQ``TEG ``J ``Y ``j ``LQ ``g ``d ,``Heh
a ``dG J .``gJG ``Y dGD` S ``jh
je e ``g g ,LdG Gg ``jCG e ``J ``fCG
bdG jd c GPEG .``dG ``je ``e CG ``dG
d cDS dG GDdG e ,a G kMGh GDk S dGDd
?dG JG a J fCG
bdG eh ``dhCG OGYCG e ``S He jJ ``j ``g
(Henry Ernest ``fjO ``fQBG ``g c .``a 1
H e hCG -RdCd fEG dDe ``YCG- Dudeney)
43 h 37 h 31 h 13 h 7 h 1 OGYCG ee
k HdG Gg e
Vhh OGYCG g G``SG j ``g .73 h 67 h 61 h
k He ``d He KK ``a KK e fe ``T ``a
?jv S
1000 Game .indb 331
dG d :HdG dG d :HdG dG d
:dG :dG
:bdG :SG 971 :bdG :SG 970
GhdGh dG
dG J dG VdG eEG -``HG e id
Jg iMEG .J k FGO dG Ij``dG dh ,k FGO
dG d - Lhe d iNCGh Lhe dG
e jv CG ``SdG j ``dh j``S GhdG ``UJ ``HCG
Se hR Y Qdh .LhdG g dG Jg
a FdG j IRQe dG f ,iNCG H
g fc GPEG :H GhdG jj JH e CG ``SG Y
M eh .``ddG dG ``a H Rj ``a ,A``HdG
(Hotel Infinity) jfdG a e ``j CG ``dG C` j CG R``S ``dG ``LdG
``Vd ``dG ``edG ``HH dC` dG ``g t ` Jo GDk ` S JH C` j CG Fd Rj dG a ,``JH
dG jh , ``a je fCG :IOh``edG OG``YCG cCG e GD` dG Gg j CG Rj h ,a G k``MGh
H .``dG ``e (d ``jf) Oh``e O``Y ``Y .jW c K e
k FGO feEH fCG J fCa ,dG MORG Y ``dG
J fCa :``dG ``e cCG hCG ``d ``adG ``JJ
dEG 1 ``bQ aZ ``a O``LdG ``dG ``H W``H
dEG 2 adG ``a OLdG ``dG fh ,2 bQ ``adG
aZ dEG 3 ``aZ a OLdG ``dG ``fh ,3 ``aZ
j ,L dG ``f e AfG H .G``gh ,4
.1 adG a jdG dG J Y
,Y ``e Afd ``J ``c ``Hh ,``ddG A``d
CGh s ` H .``JDe Q``d ``SdG ``e ``Ye ``bCG
dEG Gk ` f c ``T gH ``j ``JDdG ``Ve
M dG OdG A``dG e dG OdG Gg h``b
d M O``Y ``dH ``jd c GPEG .(``d ``jf)d
eOdG ``J j a ,AdG e (d jf)
?OdG
:HdG dG d
:dG
:bdG :SG 973
dG dhCG OGYCG He
2/16/16 10:23 AM
 GhY dL dG d 332

:HdG dG d
:dG
:bdG :SG 974
fdG J
,dGh ``dGh ``dGh jRdGh ``dG ;f``dG ``b e ``b ``N
G HdG e k He b c ``J H ,f``dG bQ Y Vh j
jRdG g e a b EG H jH Vh jh ,MCG dH fdG
dG g .MCG 2 bdH dEG Q``dG HdG e G kMGh k He ``LJ ``dG
G ? dG g e b c Y VS dG HdG jJ j
dG

:HdG dG d :HdG dG d
:dG :dG
:bdG :SG 976 :bdG :SG 975
bQCG He KK H eh dGh dG
e Of c ``Y Lh ``KK ``jDhQ ``j KK g Hbh jeCG Sa S je QR
.LhCG ``J ``Ye ,``KdG Oh``dG j k FGO ADg e G kMGh CG Y GPEa ,UTCG
O``f c ``Y ``dG ``e c GPE` a eCG .``HPc HLEG ``j ``k FGO ``NBGh ``bOU ``HLEG
h``j dG ``dLEGh ,``k e ``e jh ``dH ``j Ia ,``He ``a ``ddG
CG ``ae ``J ``a ,``f ``HQCG jh ``dH ``j i``NEG I``eh ,``HPc ``HLEH
Y d I``gX ``J CG ``j ``LhCG HLEH CG``S jCH J d ,bOU HLEH
?Of c .HPdG CG bOdG
jH ``KdG AD` g ``U ``J CG ``j ``c
?a dGDS e c GDH Ie

:HdG dG d
:dG
:bdG :SG 977
hdG AMEG
:JBG IQdG CGbG
FINISHED FILES ARE THE RESULT OF YEARS

OF SCIENTIFIC STUDY COMBINED WITH

THE EXPERIENCE OF YEARS .

Ie c a (F) M Y dh ,iNCG Ie dG CGbG
?gOY a ,dG a gGJ

1000 Game .indb 332 2/16/16 10:23 AM

 333 dG d aVEG dL

:HdG dG d :HdG dG d
:dG :dG
:bdG :SG 979 :bdG :SG 978
eQ Y IMGh Ic Y h``U c j CG ``MG
?MGh BG a
jOdG a GdG Y b eQ d
h``U CG ``a v FG``Y G``c ``HQCG ``dh ``ej ``eY GQk hO e c ``NCj M :``H d Gdh ``j
e ,c ``HQCG jOdG ``a hCG HQCG ``jOdG ``e ``dG ``b ``j ``e hCGh ,``Y ``b ``eQ ``a
CG ``J g .FdG a YCG dEG IQ``dG ``Jh
fc d ``M RdG ``j ``gMCG c GPEG ``J
?dOe dG b eQ f

:HdG dG d
:dG
:HdG dG d :bdG :SG 980
:dG
c ``a ,hCk G O``f Q``j ``k FGO ``ae ``J CG :bdG :SG 981 IQGhdG QdG d
Ua j ``NBG GkOf Q``J CG j O``d Q``NG d ``dG d :``H dG ``g e ``dG
.cCG Ra dG Z OdG CG ``aeh fCG Q``J CG ``j ,``bQ ``YCG ``Y
?dP j c J CG j g (Nontransitive Dice) j hCG dG .KdG QdG g e Y
(Nontransitive ``dG ``d ``VjdG ``UdG %56 ``dEG ``e ``fdG ``dGh ``a 3 ``bQ ``Y

``e ``cCG B h ,B ``e ``cCG A c GPEG :``dEG ``J Dice) ``dG ``eCG ,6 ``bd %22h 4 ``bd %22 h ,2 ``bd
CG a hJ dCG H a d .C e ``cCG A E` a ,C .5 bd %49 h 1 bd %51 dEG a ddG
e Nh .dG Gg Y e ``Z UdG ``g ?RdG Y Yj Y aCG QNG J g
(Nontransitive Game) dG Y d g dP ``Y
J WCG d gh ,(eh bQhh IU) IdG
j QdGh ,Q``dG ``j ``dG EG CG ;``jv FGO ``k e
.dG J IdGh ,IdG
Oh``f ``Ye ``jd
d ``J ``g ``Ve
``dG ``Y ``e
(Nontransitive
fc GPEG .jCk G Logic)
a ``d ``dG

1000 Game .indb 333 2/16/16 10:23 AM

 GhY dL dG d 334

:HdG dG d :HdG dG d :HdG dG d

:dG :dG :dG
:bdG :SG 984 :bdG :SG 983 :bdG :SG 982
?e Z CG e (Mbius We SHe jT NGdG GdG
hO e fOCG VdG dG UY a j g Crossed) ,eeCG Ve g c H e NGe WTCG g
?b IGPH ``b GPEG ``S ``e OJ CG ``J ``g
SHe jT :e M e e `` `dG Gg
?MCG dG
GPEG dG dG jJ j g ,fG`` `SCG GMh
?MCG dG IGPH dG b

:HdG dG d
:dG
:bdG :SG 985
HGhdG
c ,Uh I``Y ``S e ``dG ``HCG ``dG ``dCj
,e ``Hh ``e ``f ``Y ``Ve ``e ``Uh
e gJG ``a dG UdG J CG ``j
AGLCG CG ``LJ dh ,dG ``a gdG ``gJG ``Y
UdG GdC k W dG jJ j g .NGe
?Y dG

1000 Game .indb 334 2/16/16 10:23 AM

 335 dG d aVEG dL

``S CG Y s j ``M ;NBG ``dEG cc ``e ``HPdG
GPEGh ;``a (AG``dG) ``HPdG ``SCG ``JH ``dG
cc dEG ``J HPdG GQ``dG g ``SCG L ``fc
jo .cdG Gg IQOe dG g J gY ,e Y ``dG Vh e A``fG Yh .``a I``MGh ``d
.GkFa S e S j Y NBG
:HdG dG d
:dG
:bdG :SG 986
Y c j M ,``T j d jQ``S Gg
cGdG M
a H h``dH ``dG CG``j K ,``Fa ``S 6 ``Y
.AGYCG IG``Z Qj (Alien) jZ ``e a Fb ``fCG
``j cc c CG ``k Y ,cGdG ``Y ``dG ``g ``Vh HGe I``Y ``cGc ``LJ ``ddG ``dG ``ef ``a
g J ``Y dd ;HPdG ``e GQ``H H ``a
GQJ Y ``dG jJ a YdG h``j ,``cGdG .NBG dEG f e FdG ``S J eY ``HPdG

1000 Game .indb 335 2/16/16 10:23 AM

 GhY dL dG d 336

:HdG dG d :HdG dG d
:dG :dG
:bdG :SG 989 :bdG :SG 987
WhdG TCG e a e
HPd ehdG J g .v FGY e e cQCG KK CG NG
``e ``jdG (Galileo) ``dL ``NG jd ``dG J J ``dG MG ``jJ
M``S R``L ``LCG ``d ``YQdG ``YGNG ?jhGdG Fb e
J eY ,eeCG ``VdG ``dG RdG Gg e
Y JdG GQdG Y hOdG WhdG dG
k Je GQh``dG a WhdG ``dG CG``S ,f ``fOCG
Gg hj ``c ``J ``J g .dG G``WCG ``dEG
?HPd GvOeo WhdG dG

:HdG dG d
:dG
:bdG :SG 990
GRhCG bCG
?KCG `` e OY bCG `` e
Lf `` dG `` b eh :HdG dG d
e `` L `` dG R`` d :dG
k 40 `` dEG 1
GkOGYCG) `` eGL :bdG :SG 988
GSH (a U
`` YGQdG P G`` dG dG bCG
?g VdG e Nh e HQCGh e K Vj fOCG SdG
FGN K Y e`` `Se AGM FGhO a `` `e
Hj W f bCG jJ dG .`` `e
?dP a ,H (12) dG g L

:HdG dG d
:dG
:bdG :SG 991
LLdG Y
N MCG dG S
e dG aH d mGK
IOLdG SGdG dEG GdG
jJ j g .dG dEG
SGdG a dG je
?dG adG jOdG

1000 Game .indb 336 2/16/16 10:23 AM

 337 dG d aVEG dL

:HdG dG d :HdG dG d
:dG :dG
:bdG :SG 994 :bdG :SG 992
TCG a KQZdG SGdG TCG
N dEG ``Y dG ``TCG a ``J g ``dG ``SGdG ``TCG ``e ``Ye
``e ``N ``H ``e ``e I``Y fGL ``Y I``e 5h 4 h 3 ``LdG ``e ``dh
?a CG dEG ``eCG G``g ``j .``jhGdG ``Fb ``e
k G ``d J CG j ``SQZa jf
TC
``TCG Y ``J CG ``jh ,``HdG ``Z
k ddG g g a ,jC
?a k G SGdG
(James ``T ``L jeCG ``VjdG ``dY ``W
``J j fCG M M ;Ke dC` e Schmerl)
AGLCG ``J H ,``Lh ``N d ``SGS ``T
KK gMC ,``UCG ``SGS ``T ``dG
``e O``Y ``bCG ``a .``Lh ``HQCG ``d ``NBGh ``Lh
?dP j dG AGLCG

:HdG dG d :HdG dG d
:dG :dG
:bdG :SG 995 :bdG :SG 993
j g ,dCe T IQU d a ,IOe jH
FdG Y ?g e jJ 2 fdG SdG
``e Q``dG ``gh ,``Y ``a Q``W ``S ``J AGOdG dG Y AGdG HQCG TCG Vh GPEG
k H Q``dG dEG Q``W ``S ``j c ``SJh ,Gv` L
hR c ``S ``jCG ``KK Qh``e ``H .``dG ``Y
e e I``MGh e jOCG ``b ``dG QdG ``e
hCG dG a :dG ``S Y ;dG Y dG
L ``J CG j g ,3 h 2 h 1 Q``dG ``LN
?SCG NQdG g GhRCG dJ

1000 Game .indb 337 2/16/16 10:23 AM

 GhY dL dG d 338

:HdG dG d :HdG dG d :HdG dG d

:dG :dG :dG
:bdG :SG 998 :bdG :SG 997 :bdG :SG 996
OdG M AdEG HdG HdG e HfCG
QX ``Ua e ,G``e ``S O``dG ``M ``eQ GPEG SG K ,IMGh IMh V W U HH CGHG J M H TCG e IY HfCG Uh
?OdG Gd L dG LdG ,fdG HdG V W d HdG Gg b W c Ae GH dG g HQo bh ,H FGdG
V W ``d fdG ``HdG b ``W ``SGh (MCG) ``dG a ``Y .``dG a Ve ``g
OY ``Sd jdG g ``a ``SG .ddG ``HdG fCG c a AdG i``e jJ j g ,GdG
.HdG HdG e Ohe Z ?HfCG g e
HdG ``V W ``jJ j ``g ,``Sb hO ``e
?dG g e Y OdG

:HdG dG d :HdG dG d
:dG :dG
:bdG :SG 1000 :bdG :SG 999
gQYCG eh ,``KKh ``S h``j gQYCG V
.zeJ
k dG jQJ g
NCG dG cdG GQdG
``J ``dG G``g ,``jH ``NCG ``dG Q``NG ``J e c v sEG M `` jJ f Y GQb `` Hj
d Oj Gg dh ,dN ``SBG{ bO H e ``b
j ;adG VjdG UY aCG ``Y jh hCG e CG bJ Rj h ,NBG jJ dEG LH
.zOhCG QYCG
dGh ``dGh G``HEGh cdGh ``dG ``dEG ``dG HY J CG jh ,GQ`` dG WJ Y `` HY
.zMCG T d W UCG CG NCG CG f ,GQk Y{ !SG .UdG fOC fGh .jdG `` f e fL c Y `` eh `` HY hCG
fC``SGh ,zeCG JG BG ,k ` M{ ``e ``b Y jO``S VjQ dY HJ e ,`` HdG f `` a `` a c`` dG G`` SH
e dH BG ``YCG{ Fbk ``jM MCG QdG `` jd LJ dG c`` dG OY
.IFW
.zKdG FHCG QYCG aO hCG HdG `` S j ?NCG Q`` dG e
fc GPEG{ `` e `` b
``dN A``HCG Q``YCG ``e ,`` U `` JcGP k G jh ,dG WSH
J CG a Vh jC
k
``SG ``ch ?``KdG ,AHCG KK ja f `` J JHY e dG J .Q`` dG a
?dP e z?k dM gQYCG e J A`` KCG a `` HdG `` a `` j h ,I`` MGh
.QdG
UM{ ``dN b

1000 Game .indb 338 2/16/16 10:23 AM

 dG

dG 1 dG
11 7
Y Hc j ,(VII) S j dG fehdG bdG
(XII) Y KG j dG fehdG bdG a jW
1
.kaCG dG e f dEG

J :``JCj ``c g cf``S ``Ub ``a ``odG ``dG

dG Y ``e IQ``H ``Se O``dG ``dG CG
2
,a ,e ``dG a dG c GPE` a ,dG a O``dG
.d d dG IjdG dG e MGh Gg
12 dG ``f G``jh ,AbQdG I``FGdG ``ce ``a GCG``S ,PEG
dG cf``S RdCG e e dG g ch .dG Y ``dG
dG OHCG EG ,dG a .Ye HQCG g dG
QGH J HQCG YdG ``g e Ye c ``a
8 dG e j e ,on j d jdG ``KEG EG ,IOLe dGR ``e
.dG a H UdG dG d ,WG .f CG dEG ``dH (!``dG e j d EG)
.Hc AGQh ``dEG ``d ``Sh UH a dG Gg ``LQOCG
.M d L iNCG PlayThink RdCG CH cYCG fCGh

7777 h``j Ggh .bdG e ``Se 16,807

jdG jdG KdG e JCj dG ,dG Gg . 7
3
dG a ``dG e ``Y ddG g ``jdG ``dG
``d e ``dG ``dG GQOEG R``L .``fdG
9 ``c ,Papyrus Rhind` `H ``adGh O``dG Qh ``Y ``HdG
dh .OdG ``b 1850 Y (Ahmes) ``MCG ``dG ``JdG
CGdG Gg ``jh .e H G``SG hO e Y QHG e dCG ``b -ddG a d bCG t j ``dG - dG G``g
GTDdG J ,dG hdG a :GhOCG Md J a .dG BG e Y Ic e jJ Ghd SdG e jdG
.dH UQ j J Ca f JG a L
``KK GQ``WEG C ``dPh ;`` keJ ``He GQ``WEG
4
``MCGh ``dJdGh ``UCG ``g ``dG ``dG
cGdG ``NCGh JdG ``NCGh ``dGh OQ``dG
10 A EG H IOe ``Z jH JJ ``jh ,O``HCG

.A NGO Ch ,C NGO B h ,B NGO

.cGdG QRC Gh JdG QRC Gh
,f HJ a dh .aCG a He GQdG
13 ``SdG ``SQ H j dG ``f jdH ``dG G``g A``fEG ``J Ic ``M a .5 ``bQ dG ``g ``dG ``HLEG
MGdG ``dG U``TCG I``Y c e HQCG f as 5
d fdG Q``dG J ``J eY ``M jDhdG ``H G``Jh ,a``T jN Y ``SoQ ``dG UY e jdG .cdG ``dGh .UCG dG e cCG kHe kHH ``SdG Qj
.IcJ dG hU e IcJ N S ``S H gh d dG JdH H a ``Vh ``K ``dG QJ a KDj e Gkc IQdG a dG ``T CG ``g
.a MGh H UN .dG d
14 g ``bdG e dG CG MCG O``J ;``dG
MGhdG E` a ``jdG A``d ``k ahh ,``LdG ``H
6
.LdGh QdG b jW Ie e IOLe fc GQ``UjdGh
e ``d jQJ O``j dG ``dG dG ``cG ``J ``bh
.LdG b AL b dG EG dG j Ggh .S

1000 Game .indb 339 2/16/16 10:25 AM

 dG dG d 340

ob d ``M dG OjEG ``dG e j ``e kdZ ``fEa ,``e

.vjhj e edG sJh dG J ``S fEa ,QG``L ``Y ``j Q``dG c GPEG
dh .He hR Y ``d a HQCG QNG ``dEG
18 h 5 ``Y ``dG ``j (2520) ``bdG CG ``VGdG ``e
(de) fN GP ``c ``dG ``bQCG C ``dh ,10
15
.vjhj eG``SG gh:QGdG a LJ ``S d GRdG L Jf .5 ddG bdG j CG j dd .10 a ,IMGh
He fj CG j - f dH GRb jd j CG j 30 - 14 = EG ``Mh .14 ``j (8 + 1 + 5) ``ahdG ``bQCG

,GRdG e G k``MGh kLhR jd CG ``e cCJ d ``dd .``jd bQCG V .16 j CG j dG bdG e Ea ,16
,IMGdG dG GRb e OY e aVEG MGh QNG Y j .40 j (8 1 5) ahdG
H dG ``a dG feEH ``fCG VGaG ``Y .``Y ``KG hCG bdG V UM Ea ,63 hj 40 Y 2520 b EG Mh
jJ dEG J HQ ,i``dG dG GRbh dG dG GR``b 16 L Jf 7 h 9 a EG ``Mh .63 j CG ``j ``dG
.a Y MCG .63 HV UMh
g .``dEG ``e eh ``a ,dG ``jf ``a ``dG ``JCj ``bh .9 h 7 h 5 g GdG Ea dd
RfEH QT aGj e IOY ,(!gBG) J ,IdG e dG
.YGHEG dH AdG d Y c ,d .J ``HH j e kdZ g ``dG G``g
.GvL H dG Ea ,iJ
16
``a O L `d ``dG e) K cH M G``g
``JG ``a ``L c``dG .((Joe DeVicentis)
21
.YdG QY

hq CG dG 1 cG 2 cG
bfG aCG Qe bfG SCGQ Qe

NGdG ``dG Hd LQdG jdG ``dG

KK He ``Sh ,``S a ``S G kMGh kHe ``U
19
3 cG 4 cG 5 cG a MGh He fKh KG a KG He KKh ,KK ``a
bfG aCG Qe bfG SCGQ Qe bfG aCG Qe
.c kHe Y fK CG - MGh

6 cG 7 cG 8 cG
bfG SCGQ Qe bfG aCG Qe bfG SCGQ Qe
UH ehdG ``b Vh g ``dG Ad ``dG
.fOCG VdG SdG a e g c ,bDe eYO
17
``dG dG AYE ehdG ``b e j ``e f ``eYh
.dG Y Vhh eYdG dGREG j ,edG
9 cG 10 cG
bfG aCG Qe bfG SCGQ Qe

e YCG fCH SGh f Y d OdG ,jd S

bfCG M e .``SdG T d NG ,jeCG RdCG
20
LQH ``H gh .G kHCG Y dG j ``d T d E` a ,W``dGh
dC` d L e d .``dG e b
k GkO``Y ``a C ;``YOe
c a ODJ dG UdG J dh jGdG a S hJ dG
me a IdG J CG O``Hh .J HU dEG ``MCG ``e

1000 Game .indb 340 2/16/16 10:25 AM

 341 dG d dG
5! / [3! (5 - 3)!] = (5 4 3 2 1) /[3 2 1 (2
``e ``fe ``b c ``JGf C ;``e ``jU
f ``g dG ``a ,i``NCG ``dG ``JGf ``Y
30 1)] = 120/12 = 10 WE GQ``dG ``e e ``dJ I``Y ``S g
22
GdCG KK e e dJ IY g CG fJ dG g e Ye HQCG J S .HQCG QdG Y``TEG
fKh ,``d e ``Ff ``HQCGh ,I``MGdG ``d ``e ``T CH fj Gg ddG OY dh .GdCG ``N UCG e :LdG M dG bdG M
:Y d e Ff dG JdG .dG Y GdCG H VJ dG JdG ``Y Qjh Qj ,Qj ,Qj
1 2 3 3 2 CG) !3 g dG Y KdG GdCG AW H j dG jh QdG ,j ,Qj
H H H S Ye e g C G j Ggh .GdC G dJ d S hC G ,( 1
Qjh j ,Qj ,j
H H T GdCG KK G``SH H jddG b gO j ``e ``jW
,jh j ,j ,j
H T H .N UCG e
H T T
.HQCG e MGh g dG MG CG j Ggh
T H H
28
T H T
``S jW ``aCG
``SQ N e g dG
23
T T H
T T T
O``LdG ``SdG ``e ``J
1 bQ MCG
c
v E` a ,i``J ``ch .Q``dG ``Y
dG ``dG ``a ``J ``a ``f CG ``Mj
.Me LH
31 (``H ``UdG) 1 IQ``dG ``e
j (fCH ``UdG) 3 IQ``dGh
E` a ``Yh ,``U ``fJ CG
2 bQ MCG
IQdG
cCG J CG ``j dCG O``Y
.100 e
29 U fJ CG ``j (QH UdG) 2 IQ``dGh 3 IQ``dG
GPEG .g``e jH IQU ``UH d``SdG ANEG ``j
GkQOb ``J ``a ,GvL Fe ``jhGH ``dG ``M
32 GPEG U a 2 IQY J d .1 h 100 H dG c GPEG
Qdh .g``e jH IQ``U a ``j ``jEG .0 ``dG c
.(kMe) HELLO :JAGb Y .Ic LQH Fe jhGR a SCG e dG dEG fG ,Y
2+2=4
33 E` a ,``dJdG I``jdG ``a ``fk ae ``dG c GPEG
24
2+3=5 dG c GPEGh .``U Z ``S ``L GQ``dG
5-2=3 ``S ``L GQ``dG E` a ,``fGLQCG I``jdG ``a ``fk ae
6-3=3
Ea ,AGdG I``jdG a kfae ``dG c GPEG ``dh .``U
.U Z ``S a fGLQCG I``jdH ``UdG IQ``dG
.AGdG IjdG a j dG Ea ,ddh
dch ,``ee ``VjdG ``gdG EG ``J d``SdG
.dG f dhe
34
U 1 + 2 = 3
g dG JdG OY Ea ,QhJ dG J ``d GPEG
j JJ c C dh .(5040 CG !7) ``S he
25
U 2 + 2 = 4 dG iNCG ``dG Jd kHe ``S JJ c Ea ,IFGO
WN 3 + 2 = 4 .IFGdG ``a (hCG) c MCG ``MCG VH ``J ``j
SdG dGh ;hj j dGh ;(FGR) eY j dG .(6 5 4 3 2 1) CG !6 hCG ``g G``dG CG ``j G``gh
.(WN) j SGdG dGh ;(U) eY j .720 :Gkc GkOY Gj S OdG heh

35 .dG H J ``dG jdG a J g ``YdG

cCJ K ,a 1 d eeCG A``dG dG Y cC` J
26
.5 d a dG AdG cCJ dP Hh ,4 h 3 h 2 GdG
.S 19 g dLEG adG PEG

dC` dG d H dG Y j dG ``dhCG I``dG

j dG KdG GdCG ``cJ OY Y QdG ``g
27
O``d ``eY ``U ``a ``dG ``Vh .G``dCG ``N ``e ``fuJ CG
:JCj e j cdG

1000 Game .indb 341 2/16/16 10:25 AM

 dG dG d 342

47 40 ``j .d``H ``fCG ``a ``WHd ``j

M J H ,jj H H UdG dH gMCG
36
M e NBG fdG Y H UdG dG a de ``Va
;j``T e M dG IFGO N e dG j K ,eR
``dG ``Y ``dG ``a ``dG ``a ,``k jb ``S ``ch
dP Hh .NBG ``dh ,MGh ``SQ f dG N e kehe
jGH ``a HQCG ``Y Mj ``fEG .``fEG ``g ``dG
ke ``eb Y ``jh ,W
k ``j eY ``JM
41 dG hCG Qj M K .jT HUCG f d dG j
fEa ,``dG N e i``NCG Ie dG ``jh j``T j ``Y
.NdG S a Yk jh ,dG e a .jQe j
IOdG QGdG ``LhR CG - dG ``aCG jQ``S
j - Ke GhRCG ``HQCG d j e ,`` kLhR ``fu j
48
Y QGdG feQ GPEG .e W ``H a Gg j CG 42
E` a ,A1, A2, B1, B2, C1, C2, D1, D2, E1 , E2 :``JBG ``dG
IOdG QGdG J eY a S dM aCG jQ``S
.E1-E2 hCG D1-D2 hCG ,C1- C2 hCG ,B2-B1 hCG ,A1-A2 :g
``j IOdG QG``dG sLhR CG ``g ``dG CG``SCG jQ``S
QGdG e KGh ``Ke GhRCG KK ``a d j ``e ,`` kLhR
QGdG ``J eY ``dP ``Sh ,``e m``d I``MGh IO``H
hCG GdG ``e e cJ ``HQCG g ``JQY ``e
:CdG
43
A1-B1, A1-B2, A2-B1, A2-B2,A1-C1, :``g IO``dG 6
6+ =7
A1-C2, A2-C1, A2-C2, A1-D1, A1-D2, A2-D1,
U / U 6
37
A2-D2, A1-E1, A1-E2, A2-E1, A2-E2, B1-C1, B1- CN / U
C2,B2-C1, B2-C2, B1-D1, B1-D2, B2-D1, B2-D2,

B1-E1,B1-E2, B2-E1, B2-E2, C1-D1, C1-D2, C2-

U / CN a JdG ``W He) ``SQZa ``jf ``SG ``d
G``WCG ``He ``e h``j ``jhGdG ``Fb ``dG
38
CN / CN
D1, C2-D2,C1-E1, C1-E2, C2-E1, C2-E2, D1-E1, a idG eeCG jhGdG e dG d (jNBG dG
fc bCG Y IMGh C ;U J CG j dhCG cdG
.D1-E2, D2-E1,D2-E2 b :hCk G .YCG ``a dG dG jhGdG dEG h``dG ``SCG
fC ;U fJ CG j ddGh fdG cdGh .HPc
CG``SCG jQ``S Y d ``e ``dJ ``HQCG ``g EG CG hdG W G``SG j K ;``S 50 dh O``e I``YdG
CG ``dG e Ea ,U Z GQdG e IMGh ``fc GPEG
fK j dG CGSCG jQS hM Ea ,hJ ch .dG Ggh .hdG N e d bCG dG ``d YJQGh
g ve dG MdG MG .U iNCG IQdG J
.dG aCG jQS hM e MG k cCG Ge !dG Sd j H jW hdG PEG - S 70.7 fCG j
AN dG CG j Ggh ,U Z JQdG c J CG
.AGM f jd AN fBGh AGU f jd
e bdG pKG ,dG a Ve g c bdG YG
Y bdG b
s K ,aCG dG W Y dG
49
bQ jW M g dG S .a AGdG dG W 44
.QdG e
e MCG ``N ``SH CG``H GPEG .``dH ``dG ``j
45
ob

dG ``e ``Wbh ``dG ``dG O``SCG ``dG Q``N

dG


h

dG NGO eCG H j a ,GdG e vjOa GkOY OSCG bo

dG
OH ,O``SCG dG J CG j ,jdG dG ZE .O``SCG IY

H ;``e a ``d WJ ``J .WdG ``e ``LhR

.e L WdG e jOdG OGYCG
S e e Jg bd dG jOdG OY dLEG
,(7654321hCG,7!) ``S h``e g bQCG
50 25 dH ``j cCG O``dG
46
.Y j UTCG e dG CG LQd VGh dG
39
.UCG O``dG ``e ``dG ``a
``e ``cJ CG ``J CG ``MG E` a ``Yh .5040 h``j ``e CG
``SdG ``a ``Ve ``dP ``Y ``ddGh
.%20 HGb hCG ,5040 e 1 g dG ``JdG bQ J ``bQCG
.QdG dEG fdG
,jOdGh aGdG fG ,Hhd ec be Y Wd
.140 U

1000 Game .indb 342 2/16/16 10:25 AM

 343 dG d dG

MJ Jh JH ``Jh GRe ``J ``S EG M

S Ea ,jQ 4.05 hj ke dG cdG S a
63 56 51
Y G kMGh j CG j f c e IMGh MJh ``dJHh IR``e
CG ae dEG LM ) .jQ 0.45 CG ,dG dP e a J
15 dJdG ``Sh g 20 IRdG ``Sh ,g 10 MdG ``S

.(g

LQ :dG d Ad a a U``TCG ``S g c

LdG dGhh (Uh Ja) ``KdG dWCGh ``LhRh
64
.JdGhh
j CG j ,jOLe fc bdG T CG GTG hO e 52
,iNCG IQHh .U``TCG HQCG dEG j dP e bCG OY dg
a Lhd ``Hk CGh kNCGh ,kHGh ,Gv` Lh ,kHCG ``j CG MGh ``Ld ``j LdG CG ``dG a EGh .``fEG ``dEG LQ ``c ``u Z
.f bdG dG g e IMGh CGh dG e jdGh ``LhR ``jd 57
.dG bW
gAGOQ CG f ,AbQdG ``fBG Me dEG GkO``SG
OQ dG ICGdG EG ``Mh .NCG hCG vjOQh ``j CG ``eEG
65
AbQdG ``fBG CG j Ga ,dG NCG Ak GOQ JJ fc Y
N e O``jEG j h``dG Od ``bCG ``dG
:L
58
AGdG ``fBd QRCG AGOdG ``j Ggh ,OQdG ``d ``jJe dhe 36 = 8 + 7 + 6 + 5 + 4 + 3 + 2 + 1
.jOQdG fBd NCG AGOdGh
a AG``dG AG``LCG
59
:OGYCG HQCG Hc j
66 ke u oL GPEG U c
.ec
k kHe J fEa
aU ``T c .``LG ``a U``TCG ``S ``g
,``ae I``Y ``N ``J ,``Yh ,G``e ``N
53
22 4
OY bCG ,2 = 2 = 16 .CG
.T a QJ ae c C ;KK dh
222 .

222 = 484 .

22
OY cCG ,2 = 4194304 .O
.fOCG Ve g c ,N
54
OGYCG hCG GvL Ic OGYCG Hd Ya ``Sh g ``SCG G``SG
GkOY f a HV WH j SCG dEG bQ aQ .GvL IU
60
:dd .SCG d kjhe GdG e
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 = 222

4194304 = 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
55
,jQ 150 ``Y dG (2) ``SdG ddG ``f
(1) ddG CG j da ,jQ 200 a fLh GPEa
67
a fLh GPEG eCG .jQ 100 J (3) ddGh jQ
k 150 J e YHQ SN

k 150 ``J (1) ddG CG j G``a ``jQ 100

ddGh jQ
.jQ 200 J (3) 61 SGS

e GkA``L ``d g 2 bQ ``dG ``SGdG ``T

.dG N
62

1000 Game .indb 343 2/16/16 10:25 AM

 dG dG d 344

j .kjJ %50 j cQ Y dG S MG
Ge MdG Y dG AdEG jW Y dP e dG
83 75 68
j kcQ J ``S dG CG MG E` a ,Y ``LHh .I``c
He e MGh He M``e Y dG Me ``H H``M
.dG Md
76
k ``Y KG d ``dG 100 h 1 ``H ``dG OG``YCG
eY
:g
84
60 ,30 ,20 ,15 ,12 ,10 ,6 ,5 ,4 ,3 ,2 ,1 :60

72 ,36 ,24 ,18 ,12 ,9 ,8 ,6 ,4 ,3 ,2 ,1 :72 77 j (D-11 h B-13) ``Hd ``dG ``JdG CG ``Mj
84 ,42 ,28 ,21 ,14 ,12 ,7 ,6 ,4 ,3 ,2 ,1 :84 JJ j CG j ``dG C-12 ``dH dG dch .jJ
90 ,45 ,30 ,18 ,15 ,10 ,9 ,6 ,5 ,3 ,2 ,1 :90
``SdG a dP ``LGe ``j (12) ``dEG (8) ``e ``e CG ``a
.YCG
96 ,48 ,32 ,24 ,16 ,12 ,8 ,6 ,4 ,3 ,2 ,1 :96

85
.iNCG TCG e aGj 5 dG
69
``S ``e ``dG ``j .Q``dG ``g O``dG G``dG
c a .4 ``a 5 ``dG GP ``dG ``Y R``j ``fGM
78
.``dG g a GM hCG ``jo ,dG Gg a Q``j I``e
:JBG dG Y CGS dG Ea ,GkOY j GM c c GPEG
.12345623456345645656
CG M .ac J ``S ,Ve g c ,b ``N
f CG ,2 bdG SSCG dG OGYCd jh``e GWCG
86
.FdG OGYCG
.hCG dG a ddG g dG bdG
79 e ``d ,Y ``LH .``jdG ``e 3 ``bQ ``eRdG
a EG ``eJ dG HGdG d bQdG ``W ``dG
70
``c .``f ``HLEG
80 .eRdG a H AGQh be IQH J jGhdG
87 ``e ,IQ``dG ``a
``KKh ``KG ``Vh ``dG .``fdG ``dG ``a O``Le ``Z 3 ``bQ ``dG
``bCG Gv` M ``UH `` kSQa 71
c ``LJ ``H ``MdG ``Y
.a iNCG IMGh b b ``fk e ``fo ``jfEG ``jHCG ``MCG ``e ``M c
B dGh ,B ``j A dG CG .``SCG ``dEG G k``MGh
72
:c ddG H U dG GdCG J
88 :g jdG dSdG .Ggh C j
.MCG ,QRCG ,QRCG ,QRCG ,QRCG ,MCG
FdG M fCG M .cdG dG a GdG L ``dG
``KK ``Y ``b ``K ``jRJ ``j .``S ``e ``MGh
:e JJ H UTCG
81 ONE THOUSAND PLAYTHINKS

Y g ``dEG j CG fC` T e cdG ``dG e CG``H ``dG

.dG jf
.CBA ,CAB ,BCA ,BAC ,ACB ,ABC
73
j ``SdG gdG ``a f c ``e ``dG ``jdG Y J hM dg hCG ``dG H U c ``a
dG Gg .bH e fH SQ - VjdG F``dG e kYf f J hdG gh .b dG dG a dG J 82
jf a dG jJ dC` e Y FdG dG ``dC ``UdG :JBG dSdG
(R.L. ``dOCG ``e ``VjdG A``Y ``dhJ ``dG ``fdG ``SdG
- .z dG ;j``T MGh A``Th ,adG ;L MGh A``T g{
``SGS f jJ ``j FG``dG ``NGJ ``eY
.He
74
,(B. Weiss) ``jh h ,(L.W. Goodwin) ``jhOLh ,Adler) (Socrates) GS
IQH (J.L. Friedman) ``ejah ,(J.L. OBrien) ``jGHhCGh
LH J d dGh ,dG G``g F``e e gZ e gh ,``e
fCG j a ,(Y LH) VjdG AY j eY .``Y
e `
k `H .dG G``g e dC` e c ``d I``gL ``U ``j
.CdGh HdG N e HLEG OjEG j ,dP

1000 Game .indb 344 2/16/16 10:25 AM

 345 dG d dG

dG 2 dG
96 ``N ``e ``WN ``J i``L ``dG ``ShCG ``dG
.jcdG dG N
93
89
YCG N

Qj

dG e dG Y
dG Ea ,AGdG
97 eCG
e J He dEG `` ` S
e FGeh fe b S dEG
dG c .eJ IQH H
a U IQH IY dG LGdG J J
:JBG hdG
90
`` ` fGb G`` ` SH `` ` k e
dP ch ,`` ` YGbh Q`` ` dG 94 M/13 I/14 E/10 A/15

e bGe Y e J dG jhGdG gCG Y dO AYE N /1 J/7 F/12 B/11

.OHCG KK O /4 K/9 G/16 C/8

P /5 L/2 H/3 D/6

.I``Te ``ba ``jdG ``jOdG ``e ``g O``Y c
(Pascal ``SH e ``VjdG I``dG Gg ``Jh
98 IQdG ;dG e fdG YdG J IOdG XdG F``e
XdG ,``bGdG a .O``HCG KK ``dG ``LH Q``dG ``Y
.triangle)
e e e ``M dEG IL IQ``H aGJ ``eeCG ``XdGh ``jdG
jh .eeCG ``JQGh dG hQdG ``SdG ``j
``eCG ;``bGdG ``VQCG ``Y ``v aCG ``Ve ``g ``c ``dG ``dG
OHCG e QdG Yh dH dG eeCG ``dGa JQG
.dG
jdH hQ``dG ``SdG ``j iNCG YJQG ``dg
,AdG ``e dG ``fGdG ``e JCJ ``YJQG ``Jh ,``f
10
9

45
36

120
84 126
210 252
126
210
84

120
36

45
9

10 95 .Qe OLh Y e ITe VY LGh UH e d jh

a HdG ``TCG ``e ``jdG ``g ``j CG ``j

99 91
e c IY He JCj ah .ILCG IQ``S ``Sg
.fL Y IU He S g

``jdG ``Sg ``a

jW bCG ,MOdG
100 92
dW j L HQCG dG Hj
jW 10000 gh .IQY j``Y
.J CG j e e

1000 Game .indb 345 2/16/16 10:25 AM


,U ``dEG jJ j ``fk eh O``HCG ``KK ``fDha c GPEG j dG dG O``Y OGR HdG M``e c c .``dG
e fEd j dG ``SdG g j b ``f AdG W Ea
.f dEG f e dG dN
Lh jhJ j ``fGL MCG Y VdG ``dG
;fGL ``S d da .e gJG ``HQCG ``a
J fGL S a Hhe fL c a gJG HQCG Ea Gd
.ke GkjhJ hYh HQCG Ye e
1 G 2 G 3 G 4 G
Vh ``dN e ``j e ``jW ``S ``g
.dhdG Y Lh Y KG dG
``jh ,``jJ ``fd ``j CG ``Hd ``j
.jJ Id J CG d
,XdG Y jdG Y .GXJ J g dG dG e O``HCG ``FK ``He W``H ``g ``dG ``VQCG ``a ``fk eCG
j H AT jJ jW Y j VjdG dY Ea NCjh dG dEG j CG dY e ``d jh .K GQL
Ye `` `Jh ;Qe M b hCG A`` `dG jhJ j .`` `H .dG j CG hCG GQdG a GkQV j CG hO e AT CG
.XdG YH e Ad dG Gg e jdG
1000 Game .indb 346
.H ce J CG
``Lh ``HQCGh ``HY ``Lh ``J ``e ``e ``J
108
5 G 6 G
109
A``dG ``dj ``fb Q``U ``dG ``VQCG ``a
``S jdG Hh .QG``SH GQhdGh ``dH
.Fe kFGO AdG J
110 QdG Y jQOb ``dG VQCG ``S j d
dhCG ,dY ``e e WJ M IdG GbH
gh ,dG ``e J f h``j ``S a``e Y hOLdG
CG dG ``jf a fC` T e IFGO d J ``S ``dG
,QfG a IFGdG CGJ ``S K .``f IdG M dEG J
.dG jf a Jh f Jh d
``dG ``VQCG ``S ``dEG ``dH ``KQc ``dG ``S
Jj ``a ,dY e IdG ``WJ f ``Y ``jOLdG
``a .``dEG ``dH ``edG (``ddG) ``o dG ``dEG ``dY ``Y
111 VQCG e keLCG NCj CG OGQCG fH e e T k CG d ,bGdG
cCG dG M .``dG e dG LGj ``a ,``dG
jW Y ke ``L j ,``S hJ ``HLEG
fCH bj AjdG AY H dh ,dG ZEG
dG dG d 346
Q``e e cCG ``dg ``j CG ``j ``eY IQ``H
;MOdG ``jdG a f ``H bCG ``L
101
103 M jdG ``e ``a f ``dEG gd ,``dG ``S ``Y
.e hCG Y``dG Q``Y JG ``a dG ``j ,``fdG ``e ``He
.f dG d jQdG c M ;YdG QY Y
CGHG ,``dG ``a ``WJ c ``Y GQ``dG ``bCG O``Y O``jE
bdG EG J dG dG J dG ,1 `H jGdG ``f ``jH
CGH dG dG dEG ``Ud dG bCG g ``f dG ``a
V dd ;``dG dG g jhGdG ``dEG jW ``bCG EG .``e
cP c dh .dc 1 ` `d bCG jGhdG e jhGR c ``Y ``eY
HdG ``jhGdG ``dEG jh``e G``b GQ``e ``g ,``YCG
dG Ce GPEG .dG g Y 2 bQ V dd ;jGdG d
e GkA``L g``J CG j ,e ``g c b k ``eCJ ``K ``jH
.(98 dG d) dG SH e
MOdG jd e Vh Y ,fOCG IQdG a gj c
OdG a VdG ``dG a B dG J ,``SH e ``Y
A dG ``H jh``e Ib GQ``e 210 g ,G``gh .210
105 .B dGh
106
IFGdG .He g FGhdG ILCG IQS Sg a
,MCG dH J ec 1 gb f j dG
102
g cdG ``dh) ec 2/3 ``gb ``f IFGO ``e ``WJ
``JFGdG .``NCG ``dH ``J ``dG (``dG ``dEG ``He
.e f J a WJ
JFGO CG CG ``Y ``J jbEG ``SdG CG ``e ``ZdG ``Y
107 Ea ,c``e f cCG Y d J CG j We
e OY CG ``a WJ C` H FGhd ``J ILCG IQ``S ``Sg
2/16/16 10:25 AM
 347 dG d dG

120 jHCG ``a IdG h``dG g AGdG h``dG

hdG H ,a SCGQ KJ jd dG jfEG
116 kFGO RdG j ``dhCG IdH j dG ``YdG
:JBG dG JH
112
.a aCG KJ jd dG IdG hdG g AbQdG ,cdG ``g H .`` keJ I``dG ``ce a ``dhCG ``dG ``V
:`k `e ,``cM ``XJ ``cH ``adG ``cM ``e ``k FGO h``J
d IFGdGh ,XJ Qe CG d ``d VCG RGe
.XdG Qhe e d M OY
117 g S ;cdH GkQe VGaG KJ Qe N e XdG
.e kFGO cdG
.j CG j a ,kFGO eBG dhCG YdG cJ fc GPEGh
YdG e eBG c``dG L ``S dG ``jf ``ah
,``SCGQh aCG XJ d hM g A``bQdG h``dG
.XJ CG a a AGdG hdG eCG
121 .fdG

AbQdG hdG .``XJ a ``d AGdG hdG

.IQhO f ``e c a ``dG Qhj G``XJ ``H
122
XJ d ``d - hdGh - ``TCG H CG e ZdG Yh
.vfGQhO GkXJ J GJ fEa ,FK

dG ``a hCG ``LdG A``fEG IO``YEG ``dG ``e

ddG LdGh ``fdG dG ``a ``fdG ``LdGh hCG
123 113
.ddG dG a

e e dCJ ``SdG dG CG ``jZEG ``KCG

124
;gdG ``d jh``e ``YVCG G``WCG ``gP
dH d ej ``MCG e c a - 1.618 ``e ``j ``e CG
118
. ffdG

16
.IYdG J WH NBG
114

16 16

108

72 72
115
he e
bdG
e
c a dG Qh``j fGQhO Qh``e KK ``d ``dG
c a Qhj ``fGQhO Qhe ``HQCG dh ,IQhO ``HQ ``e
125 ``dG ``Y I``dG h``dG ``XJ ``J ``j
119 VCG
:JBG
he e
f e c ``a Qhj ``fGQhO Qh``e ``S dh ,IQhO ``K ``e A, M, :a ``SCGQ Qe N ``e XJ a ``dG h``dG .1 VCG
d ``He GQhdG ``H ``T jd j I``e c ``ah ,IQhO T, U, V, W, Y He
.UCG
B, C, :``a aCG Q``e N ``e XJ ``a ``dG h``dG .2

D, E, K fdG G
H, :``SCGQh aCG jQe N e ``XJ a ``dG h``dG .3

I , O, X n eo
N, S, Z :a fGQhO XJ a dG hdG .4

F, G, J, L, P, Q, R :XJ CG a d dG hdG .5 VCG RGe

1000 Game .indb 347 2/16/16 10:25 AM

 dG dG d 348

j ``dG dG ``g ``dG ``dG ``dG

CG kFGO j IYdG g J dG dGh ,f
134 130 Y a MGh ``NCG He ``S ,dG jf ``a
jGdG e ``bJ b J CG ``eBGh .IQGhdG ``MdG
126
d IFGdG S j dHh ,IFGO T Y d OJ dG N e ``S FGhdG fCGh ``FGhdGh ``dG CG
.QNh NGO kFGO g ,IFGdG hCG dG e dh ,M a gJG a aNG CG M fCG jC k G eBGh ,``HdG
NGO a ``J dG ``fc GPEG ``e jd I``MGh ``jW ``dg e FGhdG ``fCGh ``dG J CG fC` T e ``dG ``H
NGdG M``dG a jH ``u oJ CG ``gh ,``LQN hCG ``dG .KdG dG GP dG N dG
bCG M dg ;bd e HH Gg dh ,d ``L IQGhdG MdG Y IaGG TCG OY
fCG VGdG e H dG ``Hj N ``SQ gh ,bfCG cCGh TCG
dG a j ``dG GdG OY ``M K eh ,``dG Q``N 131 GQhdG b bdG TCG OY
e Oa OY a dG ``j dG c GPEa ,``dG ``e
IQhO HQ H bdG TCG OY
OY a j dG c GPEGh ,``dG NGO dG E` a ,G``dG
.dG QN da ,GdG e LhR IQhO f H bdG TCG OY

(Jordan curve OQ``L ``e ``jH I``YdG ``g ``J IQhO HQCG KK H bdG TCG OY
.theorem) J dG TCG OY
dG Y jGdG TCG OY
``jH ``Jh ``gd I``eh ``U ``dG
``dPh ``H ``dG ``j ,(Pappus) ``SHH
135 J `` ` S `` ` dG dG `` ` e Ye
132
dGh ,e `` ` H cdG IdG `` ` FGhdG
kFGO WdG J Sh ,FGY jH dG ``SH Gg e `` ` T H jCGQ d ;dG GdG dEG LJ IdG
.IMGh eSG Y ;dH J a ,j GPd J HQ dh ,b e GdG dG 3 dG
e jcCe Gd dG GQOEG SQj jdG AdG M PEG
``SGdG ``dG gh a MGh e e g
.dG cdG a
136 .FGhc jDhQ j dG dG CG a dG .e Ic M e MGh
128
f - vM G`` ` J A`` ` T g GdG UY e Y `` ` gCG
iNCG ``TCG Y e ``fK bQ ``T Y ``dG ``dG cdG f e adG .UGbCG H dM QhJ dG cdG
.WJ WN C ;ac IFGd jdG dG f J `` ` S dG e dEG
.cdG a QGhdG UdG CGj eY gGJ dG
137

Ve e H dG
.g
133
``Y MCG e dG dG
.g Ve ke
138 dG e OY cCG e ,eY IQH
e n `H J CG j dG NGdG Z 129
dhdG OJ S ?dG dG
eY fCG cG dEG YH CdGh
g NGdG Z dG Od bCG dG Ea ,n = 3, 4, 5, 6
.dGdG Y ,S ,N ,KG ,MGh
``dG ``dG
ke ``Y ``N e
139 CdGh dhdG Ea ,n = 7 CG `` `dEG dC` ` dG J eY d
s oJ d n OY C Y LH dCdGh .S HLEG J CG j
.g Ve .H

1000 Game .indb 348 2/16/16 10:25 AM

 349 dG d dG

GPEG .H``cG O``H b GP IQ``e ``J ``j

``M E` a ,``dG ``dH ``UdG dC` dG ``M
147 O`` `Y ,`` `Y `` `LH
bj dG dG
143 140
.`
k `S j CG j dG ``e cCG GkOY ``J dG F``dG hdG fL e g QdG
.N N dEG LM g dCdG g dEG dH dG `` `SdG e kMhe
Gg a ,bdG `` `jd cCG
:dG
.10 + 14-2 = 22
dEG dG J b N HQCG j YCG VdG SdG
b N c Vh hM ,eY IYb UH .b IY iMEG
c Ea jdG Hh ,L H``dG dG N Y jL
.IjL b n j b N n OY
144 dG b dG
148 1 1 0
2 1+1 1
4 2+2 2
7 4+3 3
11 7+4 4
16 11+5 5

n dG N OY :eY H dG CGdG Hc j Ggh

.[n (n+1)]/2 +1 :hj dG e
149
``dG ``dEG ``WdG O``Y ``e ``dG ``dG ``e
OY IO``jR .jRGe ``L ``dG ``LG :``fOCG
145
j CG j .``H HU cCG bCG u``dG dEG ``WdG
I``YdG ``a GPEG
``d ``fG) ``edG
141
f ``K a ``N KKh ;``a I``MGh ``f ``a ``dG Gg j CG j ,(140 ``dG
dG O``S .Ggh ,f ``S a N HQCGh ,jdH ``dG ``b GPEG :`k `S ``eCG
bCG hCG dG ``T ``b ke``e CdGh dhdG e ``J CG ``a ,``N ``HQCH
Y ``e c .``bCG ``dG ``dEG ``SdG e``SQ hCG Q``dGh ``b E` a ,``b I``Y i``MEG
dG jf a -NBd kjRGe N CG L J g H dG dG Y ``eN H dG
.NBG N c e N c Wj S dEG dG ``d ,IjL `` npb ``N ``S ,H``dG HQCG
.WJ IY Qb bCG M g N N dEG dH Gd .b IY S
hj ``SdG ``e
``aCG ``g ``KK CG
150
Q``TCG ``fc GPEG ``dh ,``HLEG 146 e OY UCG ``dEG ``dH HLEG e ZdG ``Y
KG dh ,e KKh iMEG dG Ea ,dG
142
QGfG Ij``T H J ``dG .KKh
I``T YGQR dG a , mOG``H hCG
d ``Sh aCG ``d HLEG J CG ``j L ``e G``g
AdG ``a hCG ``dG ``YCG ``a ``HGQ
U e ``dG ``d ``foCG dG ``WdG ``S ;dC` dG
OHCG KK T gh ,SCG YHQ d ,OGdG e ``dG
.1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 31, 57, 99, 163, 256 :g ,f J dEG f
HQCG dG Ea Yh ;VCG jh``e e HQCG e e
.IMGh ae Y J L

dEG j CG ``a ,I``T dEG He h``a CG ``H

gb f h IdG gce IFGO NGO e CG
151
``N H Y j hH UdG A``YdG Ea ``Yh ;G``bCG ``Y
CGH ``dG abh ``d HdG ``fdG Y ,I``dG ``e G``bCG
.e

1000 Game .indb 349 2/16/16 10:25 AM

 dG dG d 350

160 156 C Bh ``dG ``Hj ``e A``fEG ``jW ``Y CG``HG

``UMG -C h B ``dG ``J ``fCGh .D ``dH
152
S - A dG N e kFGO j BC dG CG e cCdG Y
jdG CG j Ggh ,jhe BCDh DBCh BDC jGhdG CG J
CDh BD ``dG ``L N e ``g ``WCG BAC ``dG ``d

fj eY ``j e ``WCG CDh BD dGh ,``j ``e ``WCG

.WCG g BAC dG j mFYh ,H UdG FGhdG QbCG
dG j ,FGhdG QbCG Y CDh BD j eY fCG Oj
.AD dG Y vjOY BAC
(Ilona ``JH ``fjEG ``jdG ``VjdG ``dY
GP a``dG Oe ``fdG ``SdG ``cG Palsti)
161
:ahe f Ye ``cCG gh ,1989 Y a ``fdG ``dG
.ae Sh f fK e Ye
dCe Y NBG e Gg
OdGh dH e
157
;fGLQCG 5 ;AGN 4 ;jh``S 3 ;AGM 2 ;AGO``S 1 :a``dG O``Y ``e .``dG ``dG ``Y
AbQR 7 ;AGU 6 ``J Y ``j ,(n) ``dG
``jh ,[n(n - 1)]/2 ``YCG ``c .NCG a Rj d Pf
153
j WdG ``e b O``Y Y
a J dM ``gh ,(n - 1) ``dEG
.G kMGh kN GY e jRGe dG

ch ;ae GP Ye fK jdH g
,W d AGdG dG ``T c a .g Ve
158
.NBG W d AbQdG dGh

b GdG QJ g RdCG e ``dG Gg M ``e

He ``HLEG H ``Jh ,O``Y hCG ``J CG
162
``fGL ``jd ``e ``dGh ;``NGj ``H ,``dG ``e
f Ea ,GdG ``J a HU jd fc GPEG ``dh ,c``e
hCG NCG eEG g dG dG ;e M ``Lj
.QRCG
154
ah xM dEG UdG f dG Y Y``S CdGh dhdG
,dCG ``g ``J CG O``Hh ,``dG AGQh ``dG O``d ``aCG
.H IdG dG e jdG J j 159

155

1000 Game .indb 350 2/16/16 10:25 AM

 351 dG d dG

171 167 163

AGdG ``dG ``S dG UUdG ``dG

.e g c
172

164
a V ``KCJ ``d ``dGh M``dG ,h``J ``c
jGhdGh M``dG H ``J dG ``jdGh ,``H
168
e gh ,``dGdG e ``J ``dG a i``NCG ``UY ``J ``c
.H a dG e iJ S
173 MdG
HK

e
f
dG f
VCG f
jGhdG f
``VdG ``dG
165
Ud dG dG ``g fOCG VdG ``UdG
,``fK ``bdG ``T ``Y ``e ``SJ ``dG Gh
169 KG j ``g
``a ``J ``K O``Y ``Y
dG 4 dG ``JhdG GP ``dfH ``e ``j - ``dG ``dP ``e A``L .i``dG ``a ``f ``fK
.kjJ e N g - (Bernoullis lemniscate) ``S ``e ``KdG ``dGh
A``dG ``jU ``dEG ``Ud I``MdG ``jdG
e dG A``dG a AGdG IgdG ``N e ``g
174 HQCG ``a ``J ``K OG``YCG
.AdG a M v J f
dEG JG MCG dG j CG j dd ;``SdG
.YCG
N
.e J N LJ HQCG dG OGYCG e 166
,SCG dEG c GPEGh ,YCG dEG j CG j fGLQCG dG .ke J
k Y KG Lj dG dG OGYCG e
fGLQCG c GPEGh ,SdG QN Ad cM hCG J a
;AGdG IgdG dEG ``S A``dG Ea ,Q``dG dEG j
dG dEG S OQdG d ``dG MdG JG Ea Yh
JG fGLQCG dG j CG j dd !G k``HCG J ``M -
.dG dEG
j QRCG dG EG ``dG ``dG e j ,dP c ae ``H
.kjJ ke vN QdG j 170
.SCG dEG JG j UCG dG EGh ,QdG dEG JG

,dG GP HdG aO ,dG dG hP UdG

.fH UdG c eh
175

176

1000 Game .indb 351 2/16/16 10:25 AM

 dG dG d 352

cJ hCG ,R``dG MCG J ``k f J CG ``eEG ``Y

.d AHdG Ud GkOY
186 .H e W Y LJ
180 dh ,IYCG H H kM``e GkQe h``Y Lj
,a cQ ``dG dG ``dG O``Y c ``e
177
``S Ad c GPEG .GkQ``e ``Y ``S Rh``JCG CG G k``HCG ``j
187 :eg IFGO
181 bCG dG dEG UdG Y GkQOb d ,IYCG ``J hCG IYCG
1-5-6-2-8-4-10-11-9-3-7-1 kM ``cGa ,``dG GH fc dG EG ``Mh ,``VjdG
``J ``dG ``e ``fCG -``aGZd ``SGQO ``N ``e-
.IYCG fK P Aa a GQdG e edG YdG

a dG J j
IMGh Y e CGH GPEG
182
Y fGh ,A`` `bQdG `` `dG e
.iNCG
188
j a ,dCdG g M a e jd fc GPEG
`` `HU `` `H `` `dP
178
183 a dG cQCGh GdG J
dG e j HQ ,dG dG
ae O`` `HCG FK `` `T `` `SQ
.OHCG `` `KK `` `d vaGZW
aM c j `` `dG Gg e
jDhQ e `` `u jh ,VGh `` `jhGRh
Y Se dGh ,H bdG
.dG SdG e dG Gg
184 ``fc Q``L ``S dC` e jhCG OQ``fd s ` M
dd edG IYdG ``cG ,(71 dGfG)
179
e dG GQdG OY ``M g ``dG .RdCG e dG g
189 e c ``e j WJ ``e ``cCG c GPEG ;``WJ ``f c
,dG ``J ``dG e ``a ,GQ``dG ``e O``a O``Y
.e 5 h 4 jQdG Ea dP Yh
``e O``a O``Y ``e ``d ``WJ ``jdH ``g c GPEG
jg MCG e Jh CGJ CG Y dC` dG M a ,GQ``dG
185 CG j ,edH ``dh ,dG g jd 7 Q``dG .``WdG
.NBG dG a Jh ,dG cQCG iMEG e CGJ

1000 Game .indb 352 2/16/16 10:25 AM

 353 dG d dG

196 Gg j Ga GPEG GdG jO``TSG jdG

.13h 10 bQ g e
k dG
193 .fOCG e g c ,S 22 MdG IOhdG J
190

jGdG jdG

191
197

jGdG jdG

198 eh ;bO IY K S B dEG A e ``dG

192
``J F dEG E eh ;``bO ``Y K ``jC
k G D ``dEG C
.e g c ,bO IY N H dEG G eh ;FbO

``Y u`` oY ``dG G``g ,``d ``jW ``LJ ``f

``S R``dCG P``SCG ``Vh ``dG ``UCG ``dG
194
``e ``a I``e hC ``jdGd ``f ``dG (Sam Loyd) ``jd
Q``b BG I``Y ``ch ,1907 ``Y (Our Puzzle Magazine)
zTHERE IS :``gh dG GhLhh ,dC` dG M GdhM ``fEG ``dj
.NO POSSIBLE WAY{

HQCG ``SCG ``J

195
J ``dG g ``dG ``FHdG I``FGdG ``Md
.3 bdG
199 dEG OYh U c a
.e JG

1000 Game .indb 353 2/16/16 10:25 AM

 dG dG d 354

.Ic e M e MGh g ddG dG

210 IdG d bH Ye
206 Vh j ,dG KJ dG a NCG b
6
,e ``jW (4096) = 4 ``gOY H ``SCG
200
1-20-35-61 192 a d a ,IXe f g dG jdG H dh

2-5-32-56 .SCH dG Gg d e jW
3-29-47-75

4-17-24-25
NBG `` vN ``j ``H ,5 ``bQ ``dG ``jJ ``j
gh ,WJ ``J dg j G``gh ,a G k``MGh
201
6-8-21-59

7-11-30-31
VjdG AY .``e f ``S UJ Y e OY ``bCG
9-36-41-45
WdG O``d ``fOCG dG :G``g Y ``d ``jW ``jd
10-22-38-49
.J g f d
12-19-26-63

13-27-50-55

14-39-43-48

16-42-46-62

18-23-53-64
.5, 1, 2, 4, 3 g jdG
211 28-34-40-58

33-44-51-60

15-37-52-54
``g ``NBG ``jWh ;6, 1, 5, 3, 2, 4 ``g ``dG ``MCG
212
.6, 1, 4, 5, 3, 2 ``g ;``g ``Ve ``dG ``MCG
,i``NCG ``dG ``e ``jdG
207
VdG dG ``dP a H ,dG ``e jdG ``Lj
213 a . kYa ``Y fK ``d ``S c ``dh
.fOCG HLEG ``J j ,R``dGh ``SdG ``dM 202
dJ IRN ch ,dG jdH dG
ddh ;jdH dG e IMGh b e
h``dG hCG ``dG hCG ``SdG O``Y E` a
``bf ,``dG hCG R``dG O``Y ``e ih``j
.IMGh
Ga ,Id SQ c Y dG H ``HJ ``dG I``Y ``dG Q``TCd ``fdG ``SdG
.fOCG Ve HQCG dG
203
.dG Od fOCG dGh bCG dG g

``U c ``j
208
g ``S ,``SCG Vh c Y dG H
dG Gg C ``dPh ;``dG dG Hj jW ``k FGO
214 SCG Y OYh
``FdG gJG dEG ``J
.ec
k vfH kSQ t oj .fdG

215

209 ``YH ``JdG ``v aGZHW ``dG Q``TCG

204
a Ve f ``S e Ye hCG f ``S e
.SCG

1 - eg d

1000 Game .indb 354 2/16/16 10:25 AM

 355 dG d dG

218

7 - eg d
2 - eg d

8 - eg d
dG 5 dG 3 - eg d

:GdCG J a g dG Gg S
219
QRCGh OQ``dGh ``MCGh ``dJdGh ``UCG
.``fGLQCGh ``cGdG ``NCGh ``JdG ``NCGh ``dGh
ke AG``LCG VJh ;Y``dG Q``Y JG ``a ``j ``dG
.b NBG bJ M e dG oJ ddG dG EG H

9 - eg d
4 - eg d

Ye a gGdG hCG dG e J ``j

,UTCG N hCG HQCG e
216
f K C .QdG Y e g c
bdG e e Yf kFGO ``Lj
fCG e ZdG ``Y ,1:2 ``T g j ``dG ``dG
220 .dG
hCG ,(cardioid) ``dG ``dG :``FGQ ``SH h``e a ,``S e Ye ``dEG ``dH d 5 - eg d
.dG e hCG ``M e O``Lh ``d ``Sh ``LJ
Y dG H iJ c .gGc e
,dG ``Z d Q``S dG ``dG
QRCG e ``eEG A``fEG dEG J ``a
.MCG e hCG
jf J e G kMGh dG G``g oj
b ``Z O``Y ``Ljh ; Ramsey ``eQ
.iNCG dG e
6 - eg d

1000 Game .indb 355 2/16/16 10:25 AM

 dG dG d 356

d je H ``VQCH j a eCG ``dEG j ``dG CG

.ec d k` L ``e ``L OQ``j ``eY ``j ``dG Q``dG
,UN ``SG dh ,k``S Oe jW a ``j ``NBG
225 k G h``dGh ,1:3 ``T ``g ``dG G``g
``SH ``jC
.dG dG hCG ,(Nephroid) dG dG
221
``e I``e (3 + 1/7) ``HGb ``g I``FGO c ``e EG
OGYCG TCG gh , SH ``j OdG Gg .gb
230 .(tractrix) ``SdG h``e ``j e hCG ,IOQ``dG ``eh
a X -QdG ``e L ``SdG f ``a WJ ``e ``g
jdG RdG e Ff Od J dG OGYCG - dG Z e ``d Jh ,``SdG ``f e CG``J ``dG ``f a``dG
.QGJ hO e .dG
= 3.14159265358
f e ``SdG N W CG M dG Gg FN e
.``SQdG auj eY W``H OdG aj ``dG ``e .QdG dG Y HK SJ
.dG BG b jZEG a e ,H acG j g

Me gh) MCG dH ddG Me e

``J ``dG ``JdG ``JGFGdG ``f
231
``Fb ``dG M``e h``j (I``dG AGO``dG I``FGdG ``f .dG dG g dG S
222
.f jhGdG SSCG f
``TCG Ea ,HJ ``j ``f IFGdG CG ``e ZdG ``Y
``g ``Jh ,``HJ ``j ``jFGO ``SGbCG ``gJ ``dG i``NCG
IFGO
``HJ hO``j ``dGj ``jdG ``dhCG i``d `` kYON `k `eCG ``dG SSCG
.IFGdG gb f dG IFGdG `` keJ Cj MCG F``dG 226
MdG jW ``Y .vFL HdG Cj ``dh ,a/2
gh , 3 +1/7 (a/2)2 hJ Me Cj F``dG CG if CG j
.(3 + 1/7) hJ CG Y Jj e
.(a2)/2 hJ dG Me

227 .dG dG g j dG dG
223
1.3 QGH b
k ``cCG AGdG AGLCG M``e ``jJ
AGO``dG WdG .AGO``dG WdG M``e Y Ie
232
.dG GdG H cCG hJ dG

233
SSCG IFGO
N e J CG j Ij``dG odG ZCG .1
dP j CG j d ,adH Ij``e a
228
.iNCG dG hCG HdG ZCd
cdG
224
e
VQCG Y gjhH dPh ,dG IjdG ZCG f j .2
b f
.iNCG TCG M S H ,OdG dG dEG Uh
k
b HQCG J b
Y dG H dG ``J Ij``dG ZCd j .3
Se HdG ZCG H ,dG dEG dH LJ jW Se
.gJG HQCG e IMGh a VJ eY a Sb
Jh
f Ea ,``eCG dEG (``MGdG) jJ ``j ``H
MGh e H AGQdG dEG J dG e ``eJ
229 jFGO b
e fQdHh ,``VQCG ``eJ ``jC
k G (MdG) ``dh ,``d ``d IFGO f
j Ggh ,d d MGh e H eCG dEG J fEa dP FGO b
b K J
IFGO HQ

1000 Game .indb 356 2/16/16 10:25 AM

 357 dG d dG

.J dG FGhdG OY Y IFGdG d j
243 239 ``j ``dG I``FGdG M``e h``J ``dG M``e
``SNQCG ``dG ffdG ``ddG c .(L) ``gb
234
.BG SG J dG dCdG g M e hCG

We ``FGhO ``N
244
``N `` kSSCG LJ
JFGO Jd W
240
``dG ``J ``S
g c ,e jYh KG dEG .me S Y
.e ,c``e ``Se I``Y LJ
.QdG Y Ve g c
IOe `` ` TCd `` ` jhCG `` ` U
,He FGhdG ``fc GPEG .``f
.dG ``M j ,c ``dG Y e `
.14 15 = 210h ,f c e J vN Y HQCG
k `H
235
jC
k G g (`` ` fOCG fG) `` ` dG
`` ` SdG e dG G`` ` d `` ` dU ``fJ ``d 5h 4 ``ddG E` a g d dG OdG Ea ,f a QJ N c CG Hh
ae dG IOe TCG J W`` ` H ;dG fdG .e .105 CG ;dP f
.me S Y eh ``e ``fEa ,(179 ``dG ``d) (Euler) ``jhCG dC` e ``Hh
IFGO CG ;``f Y i``NCG IFGO ``e ``WJ CG I``FGd ``j .e MGh N a dG J dG
``f 2(n-1) ``a ``WdG ``FGhdG ``e (n) ``e W``S e e VCGh QbCG ``L fCG j``dG IOQdG t Y j
C) 2 Y JdG bh L FGhdc dP MHh .WJ .VCG e Oe OY d
.(SCGQ hCG) WJ f n(n-1) j ,(Je J f c
S dG AGdG FGhdG
``H ;I``c ``LQH ``J
241
.r 2 g IFGdG Me
e j Ggh ,jFGO b 2(n-1) dEG jC k G IFGO c Jh VCG ``KK ``bCG ``dG ``Y ``S 236
.aM 2n(n-1) Ye .AG``dG I``FGdG ``NGO ``j ``d
:J jhCG dOe
2 + ShDhdG OY - GdG OY = WdG OY
.FGhdG Md cCG dG aj 1 e
237
(Malfatti) Jde dCd UN dM g dG Gg
= 2n(n -1) - n(n -1) + 2
iS LJ fCG g Ic LQH gd dG eCG
d dG FGhd dN e j e W fK
242 L djEG ``VjdG ``dY C` S ,1803 Y ``a .I``dG
2
= n - (n - 2) K cCG Y (Gian Francesco Malfatti) Jde ``fGa
.fOCG Ve L dG gh ,me S Y HGQ IFGO
.Qe a Vh j (dG a) fGSCG
H ke ``cMh ,``FGhO K N ,``edG ``ddG ``dEG ``dH
,dG dG g e ke ke Y KG g
jh ;e ``g dG g e ``a ``KG
245 FGhdG H dG a K ,a IMGh IFGO e IFGO c J
``N a ``T d ``Ye ``dEG ``dG ``H ``J Hh ,``L dG ``FGhdG ``J HGQ I``FGO ``SQG ,``KdG
238
.e d e LJ j . ;vFK H e ``Se FGhO HQCG jd J jdG
.H e Se g dG dG FGhdG M IFGO SQ jC k G
g i``dG a vFK ``SdG FGhdG ``e e O``Y ``cCG EG
.HQCG

i``S eCG j
I``Y i``MEG ``dEG
246
``d ,Ve ``g ``c ,I``FGO
.GdCG HQCG j dG ``jdG
``JJ ``Y ``dG ``Hh
dEG LM g ``S ,GdCd
.AbQdG IFGdG J M HGQ d

1000 Game .indb 357 2/16/16 10:25 AM

 dG dG d 358

J S WdG dG FGhd c``dG QJhCG

.IMGh f N e kFGO
260 .e g c ,He FGhO S
253 247
Y kFGO J ``S ``Sd dG WdG f
e Gc K g FGhdG CG J .e N
261
N ``g FGhdG ``H dG ,m``e ``S ``a ``dG ``a
.aCG Y bJ Qe
1

:JBG dG Y g eCG dG
262 1
2
= AGdG IFGdG b
254 IFGdG M``e ``V ``g i``dG I``FGdG M``e 248
= AGdG IFGdG b f CG fOCG SdG Vj dP ``dh ,idG
4
1
1 2 3 4 5
, , , , :dhCG IdG 6
HGb hCG 2-4 2 = AGdG IFGdG b f H ,HdG b f h``j (R) idG IFGdG b
jh ,HdG Gg V W f hj idG IFGdG b
2, 3, 4, 5, 6 :fdG IdG

2, 3, 4, 5, 7 :ddG IdG
.IjY M e dG Gg dEG
255 h` `j HdG V W CG Va d JFGdG M``e ``M
M``e V g idG I``FGdG M``e CG ``d ``a ;(X)
.idG IFGdG
fEa ,``e h``J a``e IFGdG J ``H
h``j ``dG ``e ,``ec I``MGh IQhO ``J
263
I``FGdG CG ``j G``gh ,I``FGdG ``e ``a 12 ``V ``UM
dG VCG Y fGQhO AKCG IQhO 12 J ``S LQdG
Ea ddh ;cQ c ``Y IQhO HQ IFGdG ``S ,``jC
k G ;``HQCG
.IQhO 13 Ye e S LQdG IFGdG
a 12 V ``Ud jh``e a``e ``S NGdG I``FGdG dH h``j IgR g ``Y dG ``dG ``e 256
f c ;IFGdG ``b f VCG 8 ``e `` kMhe ,``e Y dG H U Ggh ,idG IFGdG e
dG dG adG j Ggh ,2 Y ke``e dG g b fCG dW) IgR g Y dG ``dG a JJh FGhdG OY .eJ IFGO iJ S
249
.IQhO 10.7 HGb CG ;[12 - ( 4 )] hJ NGdG IFGdG cJ .(f dG e J kL

GP I``FGdG M``e ;``UdG ``g ``jd ``e c

;dG IFGdG Me f hJ dG dG
257 .IjY M e dG Gg dEG
250
gceh ,(c ``KdG dG ``ShDhQ Y J ``dG I``FGdG CG)
WJ fh dG IFGdG ce H adG e a j
.KdG dG YJQG
Lh (Charles-Julien Brianchon) fjH dL QT f
hC ``jdG ``g (Jean-Victor Poncelet) ``fH Q``a
H eH ``fEG CG e ZdG ``Y ,1821 Y ``a I``e ,kFGO iNCG a dH jdG IdG J ``S 251
,aCG dG g G``g
OQe je KCG bh
264 .1804 Y a dCdG d ek bG (Benjamin Bevan) .M Y dG H

jH dQJh (Michael Mallard) GdG e c Qb a ,IdG M c dEG Gkf 252

.1990 Y a (Charles Payton) GPEGh ,VQCG e dG QGL j M d eBG 258
,He a FGhdG J M ah IdG j CG a ,G`` dG e dG Gg a `` f V
M j H fCG VjdG Lh .dH d j e ,jEG IRhe MJ
e J dG ac Ea ,FGhdG
n j dG dG g Ggh ,0.9069
dG adCdG d Y o
.VCG jhe dG e T gcGe J H ;FGhd
jW Y dG H
E` a ,``dG ``J ``a
259
e c a FGhdG QbCG GWCG e
.f g kFGO j S YdG
``SH W``H b ,dP e d
.ke QbCG GWCG aVEGh FGhdG

1000 Game .indb 358 2/16/16 10:25 AM

 359 dG d dG

``SJ ``S dG
bh ,ec T kHe
276 Ic I``Y ``KG I``MGh I``c ``J CG ``dG ``e
Gc ``S :``f bdG ah ``f dG e iNCG
270 265
GNG a UdG g so` SG
dG ``g G``g ,``b c ``M G``c ``Kh AG``SG ``N ``M
.He K d IGOCG ddh ;MGh bh a eJ CG j dG GdG Od bCG
KK gb Ic a J j dG HdG GdG OY Ea
.Ic IY K g dG Gc e CG b eCG
a dEG UdG J dG MC FdG Md e
.cM N
277 M e IMGh Ic ``J CG j dG HdG GdG OY
g SdG OGYCG J dG F``dGh .SdG OY j ``f
J ReQ dP a H ,dG dG e jdH U GP
GdG ``Y F``SQ ``SQEG a ``J ``dG R``edG - C` dG M Qh``J IMGh Y ``b CG ``jCGQ H``S ``d ``a 266
.NdG FHdG Gg ah ,bj CG Ad j e V iNCG b
jf Y d e
m oK) e V QhJ dG Ea dG
``S iNCG Ieh ,GQhO ``HQCG ``J fEa ``dd ;(``dM Qh``J
CG `` g `` jdG `` eCG
`` S AGdG `` dG
271 .QdG dEG IQdG a LdG j
IFGdG b j ke vN SJ
.idG Ge K `` WCG Q`` e Y IdG IFGdG Qh`` J 267
j CG fCT e ,ke vN c d .e e
`` S Y QhJ fC `` dh ,GQhO `` K QhJ I`` dG I`` dG
IQ``H ``Vhh fG``SCG ``T ``j ``fCG ``J
:SQZa jd kah .e g c ,e
278 fCT e Ggh ,aVEG IQhO S idG IFGdG Ea ,FGO
d W`` H dh ,UCG IFGdG QJ d d M kU j CG
2 2 2
c = a + b = 9 + 16 = 25 e
a ,ddG dG e Gkec 50 H Y IFdG
ae Y IFdG X ,kbT dG MQ AKCG
272 e W Y `` dJ gh `` f `` eJ f Y aM
c = 5 QeCG
.dG e HK e ec IMGh IQhH `` S IFGdG g Ea - idG IFGdG
.Gke 20 CG ,QeCG 4 5 g dG W Ea ,Ggh .ec GQhO HQCH IFGdG S PEG ;WEG Y MJ hO
dG e INCG hCG dhCG fdG dG N ``a
``a ``dG ``fdG ``dG ``a ``V ``K ;``SCGdG
273 d Oe ``g IQhdG ;``dG Gg ``a d a ``g IQh``dG ``e
.LQO 360 QGH
.SdG

eCG t ` J -jjhO ``e ``SJ ``dG ``dG

Iee jjhO e ``J dG e Fd
274
,vjjhO e ``S dG Y ``dG .(orthocycloid) CG
J ``e 2 CG H :``JCj c ``g ``jdG ``HLEG
GdG CG ``bdG Ea ,VQCG ``H fQe k``T
279 (curtate GkUe ``jv jhO e ``a NGdG a dG ``eCG
Gg t j ``ddG ``g a d ,``VQCG ``S Y ``Mj O``j vjjhO e a adG Y dG dEG dHh ,cycloid)
;kCN SdG .(prolate cycloid) he
k
g VQCG ``e ,``dP ``a ``dG ``S ``dG ``e ``a
GdG W Ea K eh ,(r) gb f a 2 V UM
JQG ``ah VQCG b ``f a 2 ``V UM ``e ``g
He ``S jdG dG CG g jdG ``HLEG
hJ aM Y QhJ b fCG ``H ;Y Y `` kSCGQ
268
jg H ``dG c GPEG .``VQCG ``S ``Y (x) G``dG ``S SCG YHQ `
:Ea ,e 2 j ddG Ea dP Y Ak ``Hh ,IdG e NGdG ``dG ``a 275
k `T U b HQCG dG CG J J ``a ,``v jJ ``dG ``NG GPEG ``dh ,``e ``f
a Q``d LGe ``S gh .dG QGH Qh``J ``dG CG
2(r + x) - 2r = 2 e ``S ,``ShDhdG Y We HQCG :JBG WdG dEG ``b I``dG .H CGH dG f LdG
2r + 2x - 2r = 2x = 2 e ,SCG YHQ dG Lh Y We HQCG ,GdG Y We
.%78 f hCG , 4 ``g ``dG ``dG dG ac
x = 1/ meter = 0.33 Gke
.e IY N dG j dHh ,f SCG YHQh
.%90.7 HGb hCG , 2 3 g SGdG dG ach
269
Id M ,M CG e (VQCG) C kU S f GdG
``dG G``fCG ``H IA``c ``cCG ``g ``dG ``SGS ``dG EG
.dG Ic H
.L dG
``f ``dG M``dG ``d fG``SCGh I``dG
:4r 2
280

1000 Game .indb 359 2/16/16 10:25 AM

 dG dG d 360

e d Fe H (gEG) bdG ndG u` oj 289 IFGO e dG Qhj ``S 285 IdG M e dH hj fGSCG M
281
Gg e Y Ld j ;fG``SCG hCG jQdG .e NBG ASH `` g `` g ;h`` dGh
j S ,deEGh H UdG AdG c dG jW Y ndG Y YG dG SSCG jdG
.veJ bf
k knb AdG S M ,IdG M jd SNQCG
.JGRfEG YCG e G kMGh dP s oY
.(nephroid) vjc T
k S JdG dG
290 286 ``H ``bdG ``J ``dG ``dG EG
``fh ``JQG ``d ``dG fG``SCGh I``dGh h``dG ``M
:FGQ hJ f dG
1: 2: 3

M``e eCG ``KK ``g ``jhdG ``dG M``e

eY VjdG U dG Gg ,d IddG IFGdG
282
,dG a VdG jhdG dG Sb W ;Ie hC cG
``b ``eCG ``HQCG ``g
``jC
k G ``gh ,I``FGdG
a ,be Z f
VjdG A``Y c
CG W Y IFGdG pKG `` K ,IFGdG Y f O`` M
UG .dG J IFGdG aM `` eJ H ,N
291 ``S ``fCG ``jcCe
jhdG ``dG EG .IFGdG ``e e e ,``f ``Z GkO``Y
j CG b .`` dGh dG Y Q`` c .dG N a Gk`` J .GvL H dW CG kjZh kLe a ,IFGdG e G kJ cCG
J ( kgEG) bf
k kb iJ S ,dG e dG jd (Evangelista `` `TQJ `` `fjEG `` `c ,1664 `` `Y `` `a
.L dG N H
e ;O``ZCG e ``dG G``NEG a ``J ``dG
``dG ``dG ``MU Q``dG ``Y ``dG
287 `` `M `` `e hCG ,(Galileo) `` `dL `` `J `` `gh ,Torricelli)
.dM e ke Jh bdG nd `` Se g dG N e Jh ``NJ ``S iNCG ``dGh ,``Z ``e ``Lj CG .jhdG dG
nd `` S e `` aG ,QdG `` e iNCG `` FGhO G`` SH ,(a) j CG j fhdG dG CG e ZdG Y .gOZCG
.IFGdG cd bCG e dEG dG J H bdG A``S Vh a MU ``Sh ,jW
k kbh ``S ``Y ``gh
.e g c ,Gc S dGREG j
283
ndG JQDH g (C) h (A) dG ,fOCG VdG SdG a .b
k
.bdG
.IFGO S IYd kjRGe kb EG .1
288
``jk RGe ``k b EG .2
``j `` kWhe ``S ``d
.kae knb
Q``dG ``Y ``j ``k b EG .3
a OdG f e cCG ``jhGH
.bf
k knb S hdG
g d ``dG dG g dG bCG Q``dG EG
Y J ``dG I``dG EG ,``dP e ` k `a ,``SCG
284
UCG dG fdG IQDdG
QdG `` `Y `` `j `` `k b EG .4 Ea ,gd Ie IQHh .j e hCG S jhdG QdG
a OdG f e `` `bCG jhGH .HQCG GQdG g H WCG g jhdG QdG
.G kFGR nb j hdG hCG) `` ` `SCG QG`` ` `fG H `` ` `jhdG `` ` `dG `` ` `j
jhdG dG N e J dG IdG .brachitochrone)
J Jh ,Wg e e bh a dY Y`` ` `S dEG J
.iNBG GdG d YdG

1000 Game .indb 360 2/16/16 10:25 AM

 361 dG d dG

305 ,H b dG dG ;1 kFGO dG S
1 = WdG + VCG - dG
298 JQDH iMEG `` `a YVdG IdG O`` `J jCG `` `j
dEG kFGO `` `J `` `a ,(gEG) bdG `` `n dG
292
eh
k ``e VjQ ``bY ``J gh ,``jhCG ``U ``J ``gh M IOLdG i`` `NCG IQD` ` dG
.GdG Sh Wd L k fCG `` `dW) `` `dG `` `Lj
iNCG Mf e ,(FdG J
g M``e e e ih``j dG ``MdG ``HdG 299 f `` `H I`` `dG `` `Vh GPEG
dG MdG ``dG eCG ,G``MdG e 44 ``He ndH IdG V Ea ,IQD` ` dG
.GMdG e 63 a UdG g H LJ Qe a Sj S bdG
Y dG dG dG e GkOY LQOCG GPEG
306 .IQDdG e G kHCG j
IOe f J IFGO T c j `` a ,IFGO J ``S ``dG ``FGhdG CG A``dG Q``j ``b
``dG e dh ,0 ``M dEG ``dG ``jf ``a
300 bdG ndG `` `SfG UN
IFGO dG j `` S ,dG `` S Y ;UCG IFGdG e jQdG SdG a ee
,%71 j S HdGh ,UCG IFGdG M e %50 H dEG Ud ;``dP Y H IFGdG ``dEG ``S dG ``dG CG
- `` `dG H `` `j d
S SGdG dGh ,%82 j `` S `` SdG dGh ``VjdG ``e A``T ``dEG ``j ``eCG E` a ,I`` sLdG ``dG
dG dG GUCG `` `S j H `` `dG jH Z
.%87.5 j Q``bCG ``fCG CG ``g O``dG ``FdG ``dG ``dh ,``edG
.iNCG IQDdG a VH JQDH iMEG e J
HGb hCG ,dhCG IFGdG ``b f e J dG ``FGhdG
`` fgj dG dY fG .IMh 0.115 dG dG 6
(Johannes Kepler) `` c
`` dG GQOEG I`` H
``dG M``dG C ``dPh ;``He M``dG
301 ;``dG ``Z ``MdG ``dG ``g OQ``dG ``dG
`` ````dGh `` dG
,``dG ``dG M``e h``J I``dG ``d
.He c jGhRh YVCG a
293
e ``S HCG dH ``NGdG AG``LCG CG ``dEG ``aVEH
`` KdG `` SCG I`` dG
.jhe IQH c
LCGh FGhdG a OHCG
FdG CG YGh ,`` jhdG
294
``dG b CG Me Y j dG Gg a
a cGdG `` Jd aCG `` a dEG iNCH hCG `` jH OD` `J b
;MdG a jheh He jCGL dEG j
302
.bY CG Y oj d jdG ah ,dG ef hJ AL c Me J KG a MGh GoH e a a k
jdH e He J MdG a Lj .IMGh He IMh
bdG Zh edG dG g cG d ,f
``dQe ``fGa ``fEG ``VjdG ``dY `` keJ
307 4.5 h ,j``dG NGO J He IMh 4.5 Lj fCG H :``f
dEG He I``Mh 4.5 VCG GPEG ,j``dG QN J ``He I``Mh
dG ``J ``S g G``gh ,1899 ``Y ``a (Frank Morley) ``fEa ,j``dG ``NGO ``eJ IQ``H ``J ``dG ``KdG ``HdG 295
.dQe e SH .He IMh 7.5 hJ dG dG MdG Y S
,NGO f a ke J ;ac Z f HQCG t J
YHQ T jJ d f N dEG f fEa
308 `` dG jhJ `` g `` dG G`` g `` d `` dhCG I`` dG
303
SGdG dG jGhR J H ,NGdG SGdG
-`` ShOQEG ge jW Y dG g VJ J bh ,e `` dG `` ub dP H ,LQdG
dG MEG GPEa ,1935 Y a (Erds-Szekeres) RjS e S dEG NGdG SGdG
:e Ff K g a ,dG e jH dG e c v ub K ,VCG jhe
VCG jh`` dG dG g
`` He `` e `` KK `` dEG
VGdG `` e .b`` dG jh`` e
edG dG OLh e kHe vYHQ T
k jdG ``S .1 j dG LQdG SGdG `` dG a dG MdG CG
.NGdG a Me e MdG a jh`` e J NGdG `` SGdG dG
k jdG S .2 CG if CG dG e dP H ,b`` dG jh`` dG dG g ``jGhdG ``Y ``bQCG ``e ;5 ``g O``dG ``bdG
j a SCGQ CG HQ EGh ,vSN T
.e YHQ T e
296
.He GMh 4 hJ LQdG SGdG dG Me ``Y ``bQCG ``e ``eCG ``N h``j ``Hs dG
dG HQ GPEGh ,f NGO a ke j``dG ``S .3 .IsdG jGhdG
fL a dG ShDhQ e MGh SCGQ LS ,H NGdG L bdG he ke Y N dH Lj
304
e NBG fdG a dG ``ShDhQ e ``SCGQh ,dG Gg e
T jd NGdG dH SCGdG jg HQG .dG
dG OY M GPEG ;NGe IQH J He
fK dGOY dLEG S ,NGdG Gg f S dG
.SdG dG J CG j dBG g
297
.e YHQ .ke jYh

1000 Game .indb 361 2/16/16 10:25 AM

 dG dG d 362

,HdG K ,``SdG dG K ,IFGdG g JdG

cCG ``j ``dG ``dG ``g I``FGdG ;``dG ``K
320 cCG ``TdG J M
a j ,e e
314 YJ CG ``YdG ``e 213 e ``J ``Yd ``j
.dG Gg NGO
309
GkObG TCG cCG gh ,dG GMh e IMh d Me ``S ;``LQO 135 ``jhGH ``MdG FdG e dG Gg d IReh jS Sh VjdG aJ
.S hCG QS Y dEG dH TdG J dG dG Me VjdG ``dY ``cG ``bh ,``NGe ``e ``J ``dG
.dG fdG dG Me HQ ``H jW 1898 Y a (Georg Pick) H QL ``dG
;IFGdGh ,``SdG dG ,HdG ,dG g dG
M ``S d e bCG d IFGdG Ea dH
321 WH :He m e ``S Y ShDhQ J e M``e ``d
``dG f s Y K ,dG NGO J dG ``dG f uH b
.IOdG MdG 315 ``jh ,d ``LQdG Oh``dG ``Y IO``LdG -``jOhdG
dG M``e EG J H ge .``dG ``ShDhQ V ``e
322 dG O``Y ``f ``FGR ``NGdG ``dG O``Y ``e h``J
.1 bf ,jOhdG
dd ;jOhM f 198 h NGO f 115 Lj ddG g a
.115 + (198/2) - 1 = 213 dG Me Ea
``YCG ``dG ``HdGh ``dG ``f ``g ``J
316 ke 36
.jJ
ke 52
310
kHe 13 h ke 36
kHe 22
ke 76
He 6h e 9
ke vSGS ke 15
kHe 29
kHe 31

317
.2 : 3 g SGdG dG Me dEG dG Me
311

g dG `` a IOLdG `` YOdGh F`` dG `` dG i`` MEG EG

dG `` dG a W`` H `` Tj M `` dG Oh`` M `` W
H Je P`` dG e `` NBG f j `` dh ,`` a `` j c
Y fG `` d e Pd G k`` e Ak `` fEG jh ,`` dG
. kMVh bCG e M dEG dG T j jdG Hh ;XdG
312
,gjhGRh efH `` XdG Y fG IFGdG `` dG Jh 318
VH PdG NGO TCG e OY g j CG jC k G jh
`` f dG `` TCG KJ dh `` dG jb J :`` dG
.dEG
.ke hYh S Lj
313
.Ve g c I``MGh n s H dG ``dEG eCG ``j
323 319 dG ``dG GP dG O``Y Ea Y ``LHh
``Y ``e ``JdG ``dG ``eOG ,``dG ``jd ,dEG ,1, 5, 13, 27, 48, 78, 118 ``J ``j dG ``dG ``a
.VCG RGe e NBG dG e dG ``dH eCG ,IjGdG dG GP ``dG dEG ``dH ``dPh
e (n) LhR OY GP ``dG e ``T a dG OY dEG
:g edG dOdG Ea ,jdG hCG dG
n(n + 2)(2n + 1) = dG OY
8
J ,j``dG hCG dG ``e (n) Oa O``Y ``dEG ``dHh
:g edG dOdG
n(n + 2)(2n + 1) 1 = dG OY
8

1000 Game .indb 362 2/16/16 10:25 AM

 363 dG d dG

333 He GQOEG ``dG e

``N a ``N GoH
328 324
,``S a ``S G``Ho ``He ``NGO
.dG a Ve g c

j CG Qh``dG e ,W``TCG KK e ``e ``d

.ddG dG W e cCG V CG GWCG ``e
329
,IYdG g J AbQdGh AGdG W``TCG Ye EG
.e e Y j K eh
H -``dG i``dG C ;``HGe dC` dG
``J fEG j CG ``j -JJ ``c Y ``dG
334
cCG ``jdG E` a ,idGh ``dG ``dEG ``dH .``e ``ShDhQ
g dG dG
GQ`` `dG `` `L
330
g t oJh ,``f Y J GQ``e KK ``e ``S GkO``bG HQCG `` `e e `` `T Y
.ShDhdG hCG idG H dG ad fOCG dG g GQdG NBG M dgh ,kV Y
IQGhq O bGe Gec
J ,LQO 120 e bCG L jGhR J dG dG dM a MdG e bCG GkQb j
120 gjGhR `` J f Y `` J `` e kWN GQ`` dG N e `` `dPh ,`` `VQCG
dG dG dEG `` dHh .`` dG a Ve g c , keJ LQO
e S fOCG Q`` dG a ,cCG hCG LQO 120 jGhR iMEG J
f T Y GQdG Y 325
.YS
.dG dP ShDhQ N
Uh I``Y ``N g ``UdG O``d ``fOCG ``dG
``cG dG Gg .``dG a Ve ``g c ``oJ
331
.(Andrei Khodulyov) dhOc jQfCG ddG

,VdG dG a .e c Y eCG Gg ``S
cGdG GJ h ,iJ c NGdG dEG dG u oT
eh ,``f UCG dG ce d VCG h``e ke ``J
dG KdG ``dG H M``dG a dG CG ``gd ``dG
.UCG dG Me hj jJ J
326
335 ``dG ,7/21 hCG 1/3 ``dEG ``dG ``j ``J ``N c
332
MdGh ,AGLCG KK dEG iNCG Ie IQhH ``j
.1/21 h ,5/21, 1/21 a J CG j M``dG CG fJ ``dG
.3/21 Me J dG a dG dG Ea ,dP Y Ak Hh

``dG dG Ea ,``jdG a ``H bO IQ``H

S SdG e H QdGh dG ``SCGQ e
336
.2: 1 H SCGd HdG dG j hP dG dG ,Y `` LH
dEG `` j C` `VG `` e (n)
327
e n - 2 dG j M QbCG e n - 3
,YdG dG dEG dH ,Yh ;dG
,e `` N `` S QbCG `` HQCG E` `a
d QbCG S dEG j YdG dGh
kV Y MCG hP dGh ,e S
.e J d QbCG fK dEG j

1000 Game .indb 363 2/16/16 10:25 AM

 dG dG d 364

H N ``SH CGj dG
H ``dG ``e ,``f
347 340 AGdG dG dEG fG) ac t J (Gec) HQCG
.Jd Ic W LJh .(dG Y
337
dG e N SQ K ,2h 1 dG
dG H dG W hj dW 3
f eJ jh ,Y ``jv OYh 2h ,1
IQH Jh ,5 bH dG Gg jf
.HdG N Y VGh
d kjRGe vN ``SQG K ,5 h 4 dG N e j vN ``SQG
kWN ``SQG gH ,HdG ``S .3 dG ``N e ``j
``S ;2 h 1dG N e Gj dG jg Y jOY 341
.kHe ud HQCG dG WJ

348 AbQdG ``dG g dG

Lh c M `` dG `` SdG dG `` fNCG GPEG
`` j `` LhCG `` e
349
`` HdG E` `a ,I`` MGh I`` Mh `` e
`` V `` d dC` `dG `` a `` VdG
`` HdG `` d .1.0605 `` e `` cCG
dG `` g t j `` dG g `` VdGa (Stan Wagon) LGh ``Sh (Larry Carter) JQc Q e
a b e `` of dC` `dG d
`` adG `` VjdG `` e `` a (Fitch Cheney) `` J ,OQda , MCa , dJda , UCG g JdG
,1970 Y a (The Journal of Recreational Mathematics) , cGdG `` NCa ,JdG `` NCa , `` da 343
.1.0673 e cCG V d HdG Ggh jC
.ke kHe hYh MGh Lj
350
338
.dG
RdG OdG dC` `e W e hCG EG
Y f c bGd GedG `` e
(Victor c Q`` a c e `` VQCG
3 ``bQ ``dG h 1 ``bQ ``dG AG``LCG O``Y EG ;
``Y ``S AG``dG ``YdG ``dh ,jh``e
342 Z ah ,1973 `` Y `` a Klee)
.2 bQ dG e cCG FGT dY `` gH ,`` dP `` H `` b `` jCG
hjh vLhR (dG N ndG N hCG) QJhCG OY c GPEG (Vasek JaJ Sa VjdG
.jhe kFGO (dG pb hCG) MdG Ea ,cCG hCG HQCG j VQCG T c GPEG fCG Y RJhQ eL e Chvtal)
J MdG Ea ,HQCG e bCG hCG vjOa QJhCG OY c GPEGh jW Y j e ceCG e La ,ShDhdG e (n) OY Y
a dG g c ,IFGdG ``H QJhCG J d ``e -jh``e `` H J `` dG UCGh .c dG `` VdG Ig`` e
.1 bQ dG S VjdG dY SG M ,(dG Ja`` J Ve)
e ocG dG (GdG dCe) jW Y dG Gg SG bh (Bowdoin College) jhOH eL e (Steve Frisk) `` ja
c gH dGh ,1968 Y a (L. J. Upton) ``HCG . . ``b .Ged bdG VdG ad dG Y FGdG fgH
e c ``ShDhQ udh ,e dEG ``dG `` ub :J e ``dEGh
.1994 Y ,e c ``a ``f KdG GdCG G``SG j ,G``dCG ``KH
dG a J dG c ``ShDhd ``f dG G``SG jh
dG ``dH fdG ``dG ``Y G``edG ``Vh ``j ,``f
.bCG IQH j
k G g JdG .fdG GkNCGh cGdG QRCa ,JdG QRCa
KdG VCG P dG e GkAH ,jGdG VCG Od `` k W 339
.kV Y KG P Y KG dG dEG
Me -(J K M)M``e -(J L N M) M``e = (T) M``e
(L K N)
ab ab
(2a + 2b)(b + a) =
2
!f ,Y IQH
HhnCG a ``gH J ``SdG I``gdG ``g EG
345 (S) Me = EB 2
=b2+a2 =

k G ``U ``J ``Sh ,(von Auble)

YHdG ``TCG e jC
HQCG hCG KK a ``J dG YHdG ``TCG Mh HdG ``Z
.f dG dG Y ShDhQ

e bCG V c ``W kFGO j YHdG ``dG ``a

Ea K ``eh ,iNCG KdG ``VCG G``WCG ``e
346
CG ``j ,2 , 3 , 3, 8 G``WCG GP A``bQdG W``TCG ``Ye
.vYHQ ke J

1000 Game .indb 364 2/16/16 10:25 AM

 365 dG d dG

He IMh 1 .1
``WCG ``HQCG O``Lh ``e
``LJ ,``Ye c ``a
360 VCG ``J dG NGdG I``FGdG ce ``Y Q``d
a Ve g c ,dG dG jGhR f u ,``dG
355 He IMh 2 .2
351
a ``J M e jOJ ``S .dG He IMh 1 .3
,bCG Y i``NCG Ia QGH I``a c dG VCG e V c ``f u ,dG IFGdG ce O``jE He IMh 2 .4
jC
k G Ljh ,dG a Ve g c He GMh 3 .5
.OY N N e dG
e OhCG ``HQCG gh e ``NBG ``jJ He IMh 2 .6
.Ia CG OLh Y He IMh 4 .7
He IMh 6 .8
He IMh 5 .9
He IMh 2 .10
He GMh 5 .11
,Ke He N dEG ``dG JJ IOYEG j
MCG HdG E` a dG Gg eh ,Ve ``g ``c
356 He IMh 18 .12
He IMh 5 .13
He GMh 7 .14
361 .UCG dG Me oN d
He GMh 7 .15
He IMh 7 .16

:e H He 204 Ye e Lj
.IMGh He IMh e c Me kHe 64
352
.He GMh HQCG e c Me kHe 49
.He GMh J e c Me kHe 36
7
dG dG .He IMh IY sS e c Me kHe 25
.He IMh hYh N e c Me kHe 16
hCG ``dG ;``M ``c ``K ``Y ``J
j fdGh ,KdG hdG ``e vjCG j CG ``j
357 .He IMh KKh S e c Me He 9
.dG Gd M
s Lj
362 g ddGh ,dG adG e vjCG jC
k G ``j CG
.He IMh HQCGh J e c Me He 4
.He IMh S Me He 1
g MG .e c 3 2 1 = 6 :dG dG
He ae Y dG Hd dLEG OdG
.OWN, ONW, NOW, NWO,WON,WNO He e WH g ,MGdG dG a IMh (n) JdG e
a ,n gOY e e hCG bQCG hCG hM dEG dH .dG OGYCG e (n) hCG
:dG JdG OY M
n (n - 1) (n - 2) . . . 3 2 1 353
Ie IQH jh ,(n) OdG he Y j OdG Gg
.(n!) dG Y

,jhdH ``He J Y ``dG ``e c GPEG

e ``jv CG C ``dh .5040 CG(7!) ``S ``HLEG E` a
358
N e iNCG ``J 6 `d kHe ``S 5040 ` `dCG ``dG ``g
``dGh (6!) ``j ``dG ``d ``dG O``dG E` a ,``jhdG
.720 hj
Ea ,dG b jW Y e H``e ``J e e GPEGh 354
.360 CG 720 OdG f g S HLEG
``Je ,R``eQ ``fK ``LJ
``dGh ,U a vaCG
363
1-2-3-4 ; 1-2-3 ;1-2 ;1 ``g 359
dEG f ``M G``gh .1-2-3-4-5
``g ``Yh .1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8
.QdH dG CGj dG

1000 Game .indb 365 2/16/16 10:25 AM

 dG dG d 366

375 dH OdG HdG `` `a HQCG FG`` `dG CG pM

j e SCG HdG a HQCG FGdGh MCG
370 .ke kLhR Y S Lj
364
.SCGQ hCG aCG IQH dG a VJ CG

376

,KdG ``d e JJ ``S a ``LJ

365
HdG a ;`` SCG a Ve g c ,M s Lj
377
.Ic M H e M Gg
371 bCG Mf cdG d e MG KK LJ
e Ic Ye LJ ,(jdG) QQhd jdG e MG La ,bH ca M c dEG dH ,QdG
-dG S Y- fG .dG HdG dEG J dG bQCG ,dG Mf a dG cdG M dEG dH eCG ,SdG a d
VoCG :Q`` dG Mf YCG cdG a OLdG 2 2 HdG dEG e Ye JJ a j dG dG ;a MGh MG La
.34 e dEG Ud 16, 3, 5, 10 OGYCG .jdG SG Y j NBG J G kMGh UdG

.e jW 5040 a FdG S
366

372 367
Re -45 h`` j dG -`` dG bQCG e EG 378
`` dG HdG OdG CG j Ggh ,IYCG hCG U KK `` Y
`` HdG O`` dG EG ,`` Y `` Hh .15 `` g
JdG e `` S Hd (K) `` dG
j ,OYh U (n) `` j CG ;(n)
:JBG dG Y HM
K=(n3+n)
2
373
jJ (8) g CG Qf CG j ,(Lo-Shu) `` `T-d d
,(9-4-2) ,(9-5-1) :`` `gh ,(15) Ye `` `e KK
KG a Lj fCG J S ,FG`` dG J
s eY
.ke kf Y
368
,(6-5-4) ,(7-6-2) ,(8-4-3) ,(8-5-2) ,(8-6-1)
.(7-5-3)
dG a) G`` `e HQCG HdG `` `ce a OLdG `` `bdG j
5 bdG Ch .(jdG c ah ,`` `ShCG OdG ah ,`` `ShCG
j c KK jJ `` `HQCG a j dG MdG bdG `` `g
hCG dG IQhdG ``SG Gg Y VjdG AY ``j
e OY CG dEG dH LJ gh ,dd e``dG
369
Mh ,HdG ce `` `bQ j CG j 5 bdG E` ` a ,YCG a dG J dG Ggh ,Ic M H e M G`` `g 374 dG GdCG OY He g (cycle) IQhdGh ,dG hCG GdCG
CG j fEa ,KdG jdG e a KG a 9 bdG `` `j He NCG `` `jW Y Y .IQhdG a
dG 1 bdG j dHh ,O`` `dG hCG dG `` `Sh dEG gj dG d) dG (Drer) QQhO
a KG a Gj 7 h 3 bdG ,`` `dHh .9-5-1 Kd cCG OY c e 17 OdG Wh ,(377
hCG dG `` `Sh a fj CG j dd ;`` `KdG jdG `` `e .8 OdG e
jH VJ CG a dG HQCG `` `bQCG H eCG .OdG
Hd Mh M OLh j fCG gdG Gg - U IMGh
.dG T-d

1000 Game .indb 366 2/16/16 10:25 AM

 367 dG d dG

a Ve ``g ``c ,``k e `` kLe ``Y ``KG ``Lj

1, 2, 3, 6, bQCG ``j jdG LdG ;``SCG
391 dG dG HdG g j
eh ,FdG jdG d
384 379
e c ``j ``dGh ,G``e ``K ``e c ``j 7, 8, 9, 11 QbCG j M OjEG dG a dP
a j dh ,`k `ec kLe KKh KG Lj .``a ``Je .L
.MGh bh a ke kLe jYh HQCG Vh

t ` jo 6 ``JdG ``e ``dG ``dG ``HdG ``b EG

.e
k
385

dG g ``dG GP WdG CG ``dG ``j

.b
380

386

392

381
ob ``S He G``g
j M ,edH e
387
aVEH c I``dG QbCG ``dP
,Y ``LH .``FdG ``jdG ``dEG
edG jdG fdG HdG t J
HdG JQ J eY a e
.3 hCG 2 Y dG J
.H dG Gdhj d dG MdG g JdG Gg
393
388
QJ CG J .e Ye IY N LJ
KK LJ `` dd ;KdG `` dG `` e vjCG O`` b d
382
OhdG e Ob c dEG dH kU t j Gg Ch .e GhRCG
.ke kLhR Y N dEG ODj dP Ea ,dG

jdG GdCG He SG kFGO dG e d

j dG e c a .jodG GdCG He hCG
383
394 dG e j ``dG dG ;a aCG dG ``j CG A``d
.U IQH dG Y
389

1000 Game .indb 367 2/16/16 10:25 AM

 dG dG d 368

405 399 395

H `` e M
s `` g `` Lj
.dG e Ff OY
396
400

406

n = 5; k = 11; p = 12
401
dg ,d SfGh jhdG Y O``SH
.e M HQCG a
397
.e Ic M H e M
s g j
407
402

398

403

408

cCG Fa Fc CG j
hCG U CG a IMGh Ie e
404
FdG Ea ,``Yh ;b N hCG O``Y
FdG g dG S dG FdG
.AGdG dG hP

1000 Game .indb 368 2/16/16 10:25 AM

 369 dG d dG

416 IQhO ``HQ :dG ``Mf ``YCG ``a ``fdG ``dG

SCG a fdG dG ;YdG QY JG Y
413 409
Mf SCG a fdG dG ;IMGh IQhO f :QdG Mf
.YdG QY JG a IQhO HQ :dG

417
OY gh ,190 ``j 19 ``dEG 1 ``e OG``YCG ``e EG
``U ``N ``g ``Ljh ,5 ``Y ``dG ``j
410
``K ``eh ,``JG c ``a ``jRGe
190 g j``dG ``dGdG E` a

.38 Y hCG 5 Y ee
JJ ``dG a ,``Y ``LHh
dG OG``YCG ``e Ye
``Ub ``a n ``dEG 1 ``e ``LdG
dG Mf ``SCG a fdG ``dG ``TCG
HQCG dH d ,jH Vh j QdGh
414 U d j H ,jdG e n OY H dG SGS dG
.dG HdG OdG CG ;HK e
.e M
``SGdG ``dG Ea ,YCG a VdG ``dG a if ch
``e ``j ``YVCG ``e ``V c EG CG) 3 ``JdG ``e ``dG
``dG ``SGdG ``dG dh ,ke Gk` eCG t j (``jN ``K
g (jN 7 e e ``SGS ``T g NBG H) 2 JdG e
,28 hj dG jN e CG dEG dP Ojh ;``e eCG
418 JdG j (JG c a ``dG OY ) KK ``Y 28 ``Hh
e j``dG ``SGdG ``TCG Ea dHh ,U ``Z GkO``Y
e gH ``XCG bGdG a ,``e ``jCk G t ` J 5 h 4 ``JdG
dGh ,``f c a HdG ``cM ``SCG ``VJ
.MCG dH Ve dGe c a OdG
415 eCGh ,3 e cCG JQ hP S ``SGS ``T Lj fCG jd
YCG a VdG dG SGdG dG CG g gd dG
.dG MdG dG g ,1910 Y a cG dG

411

419

.dG e M
s g j
412

1000 Game .indb 369 2/16/16 10:25 AM

 dG dG d 370

432 ``dG DhG``LCG ``dG ``dG ``g ``bdG ``dG

.dG AGU L
425 dG QGJ d``SG Vj ddG ``dG ``gdG
:ehdG Q``MCG e GkM KKh ``MGh G``SH
420
,Yh ;UCG NBGh MCG gMCG He a ehO M c EG
bQ J dh ,kjh``e d c e HdG OY j CG ``H
MCG kHe KKh KG a EG M ;e jH fdG
.a UCG kHe KKh

Y idG e Yf jd e W HQCG LJ
.SCG a dG a Ve g c ,W
421

``M ``j CG j``T ``dH ``dG ``dG ``e

``HdG ``MCG (monomino) O``MCG ``ehdG
426
433 .OSCG dH VdG

AGdG ``dGh ,``SffCG ``J AG``dG ``dG

Yf ``jd e ``W ``J ``LJ ;``dG ``J
422
.dG a Ve g c ,dG YhCG Y cdG

427

.dG a IOLe Z 3 bQ bdG

434
.W IQH e M
s g j
423
dG 8 dG L DhGLCG ``J dG HdG g O``dG ``HdG
428
435 Lj ;dG AG``U
``dG ``JdG ``e ``jdG
``j ``g ,``HdG ``d
.gMCG

424
dG
SGdG
OG

436
.NCG dG Y j dG dG
429

430

1000 Game .indb 370 2/16/16 10:25 AM

 371 dG d dG

447 442 ``M ``e ``MGh G``g

.IY
437

448
.(20 d) dG T M d M g dG
438
.dG IdG dG MCG
443

449
dG CG e ZdG Y
dC` e G``d ``fOCG
439
N Y j KdG HdG
MCG ``j ``d d ,``a AG``LCG
444 dG Ggh ,``dEG ``UdG BG ``M
dG g AGLCG ``S G``SH
.vdM

440

445

450
441

451 446

1000 Game .indb 371 2/16/16 10:25 AM

 dG dG d 372

MGh AL :AGLCG HQCG e He J CG J

464 459 452
.cCG Hd AGLCG KKh ,UCG Hd

AGdG ``dG N ``e ``Se N c CG ``J

.f dEG dG j
453
;S dG J
a `` LQCJ `` Y
465
ke `` J fEa ,MGh `` JG 460 454
`` eYh ,`` VCG h`` e
fEa ,JG Y a LQCJ
.kHe J
I``gdG ``g ``e EG
TCG gh ,(Henry E. Dudeney) fOnO fQEG g g VjdG
jd `` kLf ch ,1857 ``Y a ``dh ,GfEG ``a R``dCG ``fU
461
Gg c ``a dP eh ,Ic ``Sb kebQCG ``Mh ,``dG ``a
.JacG TCG g dG
455
.a b S dG J
466

456

462
457

467

463
458

1000 Game .indb 372 2/16/16 10:25 AM

 373 dG d dG

.AGLCG S j dG
477 472 AG``LCG ``N ``e ``KdG ``HdG ``Y ``J
.a
468

jf AGQh ``J dG dG ``XCG ``d ,``fJ

.SQZa
469
478 473

479
474

``jd ``gGdG ``LCG ``MCG ``e ``dG G``g so` TG

(Henry ``jH ``g ``cG ``dG ``SQZa
470
e OY SEG fgH J bh ,(1898 - 1801) Perigal)
N e C d mRG``e N Yh ,C dG ``Y B ``HdG ``ce
VjdG dY cG
``eGJ ``dGh ``fdCG
480 .B HdG ce
``VdG ``dG (Walter Trump) ,WdG G``g e ``JdG ``HQCG AG``LCG ``JJ IO``YEG ``jh
J AG``dG HdG ``H .``g 475 .``dH Ve g c ,C HdG jd A ``HdG ``dEG ``aVEH
.40.18 LQH dG ``M HdG ``e Ye CG ``e ``j ``jdG G``gh
.jhGdG FdG

jd j ,``SdG e ``dG AGLCG J ``eY

,AbQR UUQ bCG Sh AGM UUQ bCG S
481
J b ``UUdG bCG CG ``S bdG ``dG ``N ``eh
.fd
476

1000 Game .indb 373 2/16/16 10:25 AM

 dG dG d 374

489 e h``J ``e ``ZdG ``Y ``fCG ,``gd ``dG

ddGh dG HdG M``e e HdG M``e
486 .f AGLCG JJ Y J f c
482
e j h``e M ``Lj a ,``adG ``b ``e G``gh ,4900
HQCG ``HdG Vh ``dN
``HdG ``Y ``c j``dGh
``a ``NGJ hO ``e ``dG
ahdG dG aCGh .H
11 11 ``dG d Gk` U ke ``Y MCG ``j
490
Vh Sj CG j BG M .f AGLCG JJ Y J f c
483
.dG g MCG g Ve .ec f Y UCG e kHe j``Yh KK
,j``dGh ``HQCG ``HdG
``jo CG ``H ``e c ``ah
g MCG gh .77 hP HdG
.dG
,dGdG Y HdG e iNCG Ye OLh e ZdG ``Yh
e bCG He ``H e Lj a ,HdG O``Y dEG ``J ``dG
.jYh HQCG dEG MGh e dGdG

Hd ``fOCG dG ``j
487
491 ``Y ``MCG ``e 11 11 IMh 1.5 ~ 1 bQ MdG
484
``dEG ``Ve ``g ``c ,Gk` U ``k He IMh 4.5 ~ 2 bQ MdG
.QdG IMh 1.5 ~ 3 bQ MdG
IMh 2.5 ~ 4 bQ MdG
c ,IU He ``HQCG e 12 12 Hd ``fOCG dG ``j
IMh 2.5 ~ 5 bQ MdG
.6 6 e
GMh 3 ~ 6 bQ MdG
13 13 ``Hd fOCG ``dG ``j GMh 4 ~ 7 bQ MdG
.GkU He IY HQCG e IMh 15.5 ~ 8 bQ MdG
14 14 ``Hd fOCG ``dG ``j 19.5 Ye ``j MCG dH ``oJ d ``dG M``dG Ch

e c ,I``U He ``HQCG ``e .cCG g a ,IMh

f a b J CG JCG .7 7
Y j dG (``dG) dG e O``Y ``bCG
492 .LhdG VCG GP HdG KK KKh KG VCG GP dG ``dG EG
.he J e UCG g KKh
485
``j ``MdG ``Y
a .ehdG b OY ``j CG ``Y ``e CG ``a ``dG ``HdG ``Vj CG ``j
,eCG ``UH ``JJ ``KK ``fOCG ``Ve .``MdG
488
fGL MCG W c GPEG ,dG
``KK ``Y ``dG ``j ``MdG j d JdG ``g MCG E` a ,``SfGh jhdG N ``eh
``bCG ``j ``ga ,h``dH .Oe He CG (S)
.KK Y kee ,dG V UM g dG e OY

493

1000 Game .indb 374 2/16/16 10:25 AM

 375 dG d dG

1 bf 2 C ``dh ,``He ``HdG CG h``j

j CG H fdG ``HdG CG VGdG a ,2 h``j
503 499 494
M``dG YRh bh .H UCG j d EGh ,M``dG a UCG
Y dGREG J ``dG dG HdG M``e h``J dG bdG
CG ``dG e UCG ``H ,dG AG``LCG ``M aQ ``f
.dGREG Mf
``dG O``d ``g ``dG ``HdG ``J s ` S EG ,``SdH 495
``JJ E` a ,``dH ``dG ``H .``HdG ``fL IGP``H ``jdG ``HdG ``Ud ``jW I``Y ``KG ``VJ ``J 500
.GvL VGh eCG dG AGLCG e Y ``jh ,``YCG a ``g ``dG ``HdG
LCG e :g TdG RdCG e J j dG ATCG MCG EG .(pentominos) SdG ehdG b TCG g
dG CG e ZdG Yh .Gkge J CG j ,dGh dG GN
Ic d``H j b fCG EG ,aNG ``cG a YQH
.YGH e J dG dG GdG

496

501

.g Ve g c IU TCG J
504

,dG HQCG ``KK oZ ,ddGh hCG ``ddG ``a

.H dP e bCG oZ ,jNBG ddG ah
497
502 .ke Y KK ;dG e OY bCG dG Gd
498

1000 Game .indb 375 2/16/16 10:25 AM


dG 9 dG
YHdG ``TCd bdG ``dG ``JJ ``j
.e jW 604800 CG ,(10!) / (2 3) a
OG``YCG ``e O``Y CG ``e ``g ``dG OG``YCG
O``dGh .1 ``e GkA``H ,``ddG ``LdG ``dG
.1 + 2 + 3 + 4 hjh ,10 g HGdG dG
dG OGYCG TG dOe CG HdG jQdG GdCG J
bQ M j ,n OY C .jdG QdG e ahe fc
n (n + 1) :dG Y dG
2
W``H ``L ,``Y ``edG ``dG ``bdG ``Y Q``dh
.171 g dG ,18 (18 + 1)/2
99 +
1000 Game .indb 376
dG dG d 376
``g ``SdG ``a ``jdG ``FdG ``cCG i``MEG EG
h``dG dG) ``e e ``KK a ``fCG 509 ``SdG ``ehdG ``b ``Vd I``c ``W ``LJ
.MdG Y IY KG
505
511 ``Y IQO``b (``dG ``SGdG ``dGh ,``HdGh ,``VCG
``S Y f``dG bQ ``J He ``T Y ke fG
.me
512 He ``dEG dG ``dG IQ``f AGQh ``L ``e ``Lj
dG ShDhQ gY HJ f c a ;fdG bQ J
360 h``j ``ShDhdG ``g ``jGhR ``e ``j CG ``H ,``YHdG
G - 1 dG G -2 dG
CG ``dG ``e ``dG I``MdG ``dG ``dG EGh .``LQO
J dG dG g fdG bQ ``J He dEG ``J
.360 OdG eGY gjGhR
60 jGhR e d ,VCG jh``e e ``S HJ CG jh
dEG dG g ``J CG dG a ddh ;f ``a ,``LQO
.fdG bQ J He
G -3 dG G -4 dG
``d ,``He ``HQCG ``HJ CG ``dG ``eh
a ddh ;``f ``a ,LQO 90 ``jGhR ``e
``S Y HdG ``g ``JJ CG ``dG
.fdG bQ j me He
d SdG ``TCG
k d gh ,LQO 108 NGO jGhR
eY
``TCd ``j ``a ``K ``eh ,360 O``d G -5 dG G -6 dG
``bQ ``J ``He ``J CG ``SdG
.fdG 506
120 jGhR e d ,``SGS ``TCG KK HJ CG dG eh
``SGdG ``TCG J CG dG a ddh ;f a ,LQO
.fdG bQ J He
Hj CG ``dG ``e dG ``ddG dG O``dG E` a ,h``J ``ch
t j h .fL c Y LQO 180 jh - 2 O``dG g f ``Y
dG g H - fdG bQ ``J He dEG ke``fG Gg
h``dG dG Ea ,dG Gg eh .(``f dEG ``dG)
IQOb ``J ,a dG ``SGdG ``dGh ``HdGh ,``VCG
.me S Y fdG bQ J He jJ Y Y WH IY sS IdG HdG dG J
.fEG T M g
507
SCG ``J dG ``Se ``dG J CG j
SCG ``J IdG ``dG J CG jh ,IU
510
ddGh ,``c IdG ``SCG CG j G``gh ,``dG ``Se
99 g M dh ,IdG dG NGO SJ CG j ,81 gOY
/99= 100
513 cCG ``S kFGO g C ;``cCG g ``J CG ``j ``dG
.e e a
b fuco ,Ic M ``e MGh gh ,dG Gg ``a
.YCG a AGdG SdG ehdG
508
2/16/16 10:25 AM
 377 dG d dG

RdG e g ,KdG hCG ,VjdG DadG e EG

``dG HdG a ``e a ``a ;dG ``g ``a
522 e ``dG YHdG ``dG ``S Y dG j
``j G``gh ,n (n + 1) (n + 2) /6 ``dG ``N
518 h`` `j `` `UdG `` `e O`` `Y `` `be `` `M `` `d
ddG SGdG dG bQ CG j Ggh ,6 (n - 1)
514
1 e bQCH HdG J j M :(377 d) ``T-d ``dG . . .1, 4, 10, 20, 35, 56, 84 S 37+ 6 (5 - 1) = 61 g

ch ,15 bdG dEG ``Ud ``FQ bh OYh ,U ch ,9 ``dEG n dG ``N e HdG edG ``dG Y ``dG ``jh
Ye j dG KdG bQCG ``Y eY Vh hM ,i``J 1, 5, 14, 30, 55, ``dGdG ``j G``gh ,(n + 1) (2 n + 1) / 6
.(Tic-Tac-Toe) J J J d d Oj e gh 15 .91, 140
j Mh - dG g cJ g ,PEG ,JG``SEG aCG EG
adGh dH ``Jh ,``dG ``T-d He cJ aCG e MGh ``dEG G k``MGh ``HdG CG``e ``J CG ``J
W``H ;dG dEG LdG hO e HLEG Y Q``d
519
S Y- cM hCG aCG EG .J J J d J c d c
.5 bdG jJ g -dG dG dEG dG ``Ld G kMGh - ZCG GhRCG ``Y eY ``V
e jdG g j M - Q``dG dEG dG Ld G kMGhh
523 .f CG

kjQJ dC` dG g t Jh . (1, 3, 9, 27) ``g OG``YCG

e O``Y ``bCG ``e ``Y ``bCG ``Y ``d G k``L
520 OGYCG ``e ``S L jW Y ``HdG ``J
515
.1 e GkAH .jOdG
.UdG
12 = 1

22 = 1 + 3 = 4

32 = 1 + 3 + 5 = 9
:JdG W f ,SQZa jf GSH
524 .Ggh , 4 2
= 1 + 3 + 5 + 7 = 16
2 2
1 +1 =c =2 2
c = 2 2
.7 = 1 + 3 + 5 + 7 + 9 + 11 + 13 = 49 S HdG HdG EG
(Rational ``c ``M O``Y O``jEG ``dG ``e ``d
J gh ,(Hippasus) ``SSg ``jo h ,2 h``j Number)
,28 h21 ``g ,H``dGh ``SOdG dG ``jOdG EG
.49 JdG j ke L Yh
516
c M OY V dG HdG CG KCG e hCG ,SQZa
3 h 2 ``e OGYCG ``J ``dd ;vj``c GkO``Y ``b ``j
OGYCH ``U ``jOY ``e Q``H Y ``dG ``j ``dG
e ``ZdG ``Y .(irrational numbers) ``dG Zj``dG
SGQO CG EG ,ffdG VjdG ``SCG g b ``cG Gg CG
KCG M ,dGh ``SdG H Gk` L H a UCG dG
QX a dG jf ``a dG FN ``Sb he
.edGh VdG M

4 - 1 + 2 3 + 5 = 20
525
.15 :edG dG OdG fEG
517
Gg dh ,``LhR OY ``g jOa ``jOY ``L ``Jf
``S jOdG OGYCG e Oa OY e CG ``j
526 1 + 2 dGdG Hc j fCG (F.Gauss) ShL QOCG 521 (15 8) + 1 = 121
:JBG IQdG Y + 3 + 4 ..... 97 + 98 + 99 + 100
d jOa OGYCG N aVEG j dd ;vjOa FGO j
1 + 100 + 2 + 99 + 3 + 98 + 4 + 97 .....
1, 3, OGYCG M ;``jOa OGYCG ``d dP j dh ,100 ``dEG

dG jOdG OGYCG e a IMGh Ye g 11 h 45, 27, 13 .5050 c e Y d 50 V101 hCG

.100 hj Ye j ,bGdG a .de U OGYCG CG d YdG g Jh
:gh ,H edG dOdG EG
``jdG ``dG ``Wb ``j ``M ;``a ``N
b , mGK N a MJ N b j
527 .KdG bQCG dOe gh ,n(n + 1)/2
.fdG a MJ H ,fK S a MJ S a IOLdG dG a gC kFGQ kVJ dCdG g t Jh
a dC` dG MJ e ``SG ``SG GPEa ,``jOdG ``fCG
.Y HLEG a HdG e dG J J fCa ,bGdG

1000 Game .indb 377 2/16/16 10:25 AM

 dG dG d 378

539 ,28 g fdG dG OdG

528
533 .1 , 2 , 4 , 7 , 14 e g h
.dG H a G``j eJ bQ hCG CG dG M dh
c VQCG ``M ``dGQhjh ,``jCG ``S a ``dG G ``N ``a
. kej jYh fK
.496 g ddG dG OdG
h ,j ddG OGYCG e VhdG c GPEG e j MCG
g GDdG Ggh ,Oa de OY CG g c GPEG e jC k G f
.SQZa bh e VjdG AY M e

;243 + 675 = 918 :dP Y eCG e jdG g

540
``s dG ``e GhRCG ``HQC ``jdG ``dG
SCG VjdG dY t j .g Ve
529
317 + 628 ;154 + 782 = 936 ;341 + 586 = 927
Vh e hCG (C.Dudley Langford) OQ``f ``dOGO
.Ggh . . . 216+738=954 ; 317+628=945 Ige H ,1950 Y a dCdG d edG dG
`H hCG ,10! `H IdG bQCd jOJ Y j dCdG CG JG a ;fdG sdH j gh HG
3628800

dG ``c dG ``M e ``H fCh ``dh .``jW

541 .bYO hY
534 Ye e a sdG GhRCG OY c GPEG M d
Ye ``e bCG 362880 ``g ``dG ``bdG ``a ,``H CG``J .1 QGdH 4 OdG Ye e bCG c hCG ,4 OdG
3,265,920
Y CGJ H Y ``Y `` kSCGQ 9 bG K ,9 h 8 ``H
.18 Ye jOdG c j Ggh .6 fCG
535 531
``j ``M ``SdG IQh``e ``jN ``HQCG ``J
.A D - B C = 1
542
,8 ``bQ ``dG ``b ``U ``S ``g CG ``Hh
bQ dG H U ``S g j CG ``Ha
536
.U hYh mK a IjdG .21

.dG IdG dG MCG Gg

537

``N ;``e O``Y ``UCG ``g -``dH- ``MGh

UCG ``g 39 h ,2 ` `d ``e OY ``UCG ``g h``Yh
543
.4 `d e OY UCG g 77h ,3 `d e OY

544 Y ``dG ``dG j ``c Y ``dG ``H

532
538 ``S fK Id MJ dG IdG Ea ,OM ``f
,IMGh fK ``H LMJ e Qb ``VCG HQCG a``e ``J
dG ``UCGh .cCG G``e ``J J ``S ,GK ``K ``Hh
H IMGh I``Mh J I``dG fc GPEG :`` keJ `` kVGh O``dG
2
n IdG J ``a ,fGdG e n d ,K a ,I``MGh ``fK

.GMdG e

1000 Game .indb 378 2/16/16 10:25 AM

 379 dG d dG

jdG dG OdG g 210 C ;S 20 g HLEG

.20 dEG 1 e L OGYCG e hj dG
559 jh ,9 dEG 1 e bQ CG hCG bdG ``j CG ``j
A``SH bQCG ``J ``e ``jv CG ``fdG ``bdG ``j CG
552 e d IQhdG ``KdG OGYCG e ``j O``Y c
OdG e ,H dG dG eh YCG eh QdG
545
fdG OGYCG j fKh MGh OdG j e ,e ddG OdG OdG Ea IYdG g JH .(5+5+3) ``Ye (13)
dG dEG Q``dG e fG Y ``bQCG ``YJ
YCG e J eY 2 QGH bQCG OGOJh ,vaCG
560 .bQ e .(25+25+13=63) M ,63 g

.vjb SCG dEG Lh dh ,``jW I``d IO``Le dC` dG ``g ``fc

MCG g G``gh ,IjY ``HLEG d ``VjdG A``Y
553 0=4-4
546
0=4-4
.dG g 1=44

2 = 4 + 4 /4
( )
3 = 4 - 4/4 ( )
4=4

5=4+ 4/4 ( )
9 8 7 5 = 2520
554 6= ((4 + 4) / 4) + 4
7 = (44 / 4) - 4
OY c h``j dC` dG g GtM jdG ``SdG ``e
Gg dh ,d fdG ``bdG H dG fCG ``Y
555 8=4+4
.21 - 13 = 8 M ,7 bQ Y j CG j 9=4+4+ 4/4 ( )
c J ``dG ``bQCd jOdG ``bQCG ``J ,``dP ``e `
k `Hh 10 = 44 - 4
( )/4
(96-69) (85-58) (74-:``g ``dG ``HLCG
HJ dG QYCG ``dh .47) (63-36)(52-25)
561 h 5 h 4 e CGh ,27 j 2h 9, 9, 7 aVEG CG J S ,IFGO
.47 h 74 g VjdG d jU dhGe jGH e aVEG jW Y bdG OdG OjEG j K ``eh ,18 ``g 7 h 2
20 = 1 + 1 + 1 + 1 + 1 + 1 + 1 + 13

20 = 1 + 1 + 1 + 1 + 1 + 1 + 3 + 11
547
.12 g bdG OdG a ,1h 3, 6, 2
20 = 1 + 1 + 1 + 1 + 1 + 1 + 5 + 9

562 20 = 1 + 1 + 1 + 1 + 1 + 3 + 3 + 9
556 20 = 1 + 1 + 1 + 1 + 1 + 1 + 7 + 7

20 = 1 + 1 + 1 + 1 + 1 + 3 + 5 + 7

20 = 1 + 1 + 1 + 1 + 3 + 3 + 3 + 7
:j dG hdG a OdG j hU c 20 = 1 + 1 + 1 + 1 + 1 + 5 + 5 + 5
CG j (21) .(1) ``bdG e G k``MGh GkO``Y ``g CG ``j (11) 20 = 1 + 1 + 1 + 3 + 3 + 3 + 5 + 5
G kMGh GkOY g CG j (1211) .(1) bdG e ``jOY ``g 20 = 1 + 1 + 1 + 3 + 3 + 3 + 3 + 5
17 4 = 68 + 25 = 93
563 g CG j (111221) .(1) ``bdG e G kMGhh (2) ``bdG ``e 20 = 1 + 1 + 3 + 3 + 3 + 3 + 3 + 3
e jOYh (2) bdG e G kMGh GkOYh (1) bdG e MGh OY
.(1) bdG :SCG S
548
17 + 17 + 17 + 17 + 16 + 16 = 100
bCG dG ;dG b de ``J dG bQCG
557
e e O``Y e ``J CG ``j ``dG ``dG O``d
,eY IYb UHh .m``e ``S N ``dG dG
549
.IjdG dG e n OY S dG Ge OY e n c Ea
.c dEG 40 aVEG
564 OY j ``S ,``SOdG dG Y ``dEG ``dH ,K ``eh
.22 CG ,16 + 6 dG

h`` ` j `` ` YdG c CG `` ` gd `` ` dG `` ` e
.1083676269
550

565
YJ ``M ,QG``SG CGe Y ``ddG ``J
g soJ ,``NBG O``Y Y d ``k e O``dG ``bQCG
558 .89, 21, 34, 55 :g ddG HQCG OGYCG
551
QGSG eh .d HdG jOdG e g OY c
.a MGh bQ e OY j M dG gdG ``dG e J ddG fdG ``f Ea ,``ddG
.8 g ddG a bQ NBG Ea ,Ggh .1: 1.6180037 IdG

1000 Game .indb 379 2/16/16 10:25 AM

 dG dG d 380

dG HdG
dG SJ CG Ha ,JM CG d H fCh
g CG j Ggh ,dG IdG hdGh KdG
578 572 ``YH ``Jh ,``e ``b ``H ``dG CG``j
hCG dG O``Y ``e ``J I``N c C ;``ec I``MGh
566
e G``M ``N gGME) b ``S :``e ``HLEG dEG LM ``g , IMGh Ye hCG ,``b QG``H ``YdG
K gGME) b ``N hCG ,(GM t``S jd b ``Sh .a cM Jh J
.(GM N jd b HQCGh GM
VQCG HdG
567
sj GkOY 90 h ,``MGh bQ e J OG``YCG 9 ``g
e CG ;``bQCG KK ``e J O``Y 900h ,``bQ ``e
579
OG``YCG 10 hCG ,``v aVEG ``k bQ 40 ``j G``gh ,``k bQ 2889 ``Ye
dG j CG j dd ;1009 dEG 1000 :bQCG HQCG e fe
.U 1009 H hdG H hdG b

580 .L
k Y KGh ef hYh K Lj
573
kfGM Y HQCGh LH GkFW jYh KG jCGQ
.LQCG HQCH
574
j fCG cJ CG W``H Y ;e M Lj ,``f
LQCGh ,``jFGdG ``YdG ``LQCG - ``c ``LQCG t ` Y
575
.UTCG LQCGh ,dG GP SGdG
K) LQCG ``N Lj ,FGO ``e c dEG ``da ,G``gh 568
IFGdG ``Y IO``LdG ``HQCG ``dG R``J CG ``H
.1-3-2-7 hCG 1-2-6-4 :jW iMEH
581 .LQCG c j ``Sc ch .(``d LQh d LQCG
39 = (SGdG OY) + 6 (YdG OY) 5 :dd

HQCGh ,``Ye KK g CG ``ae ``dG e j G``g ``e

.UTCG Sh SGc
a MGh ``ja AbEG ``j ,``dG h``N d ``a
.f
576
kja ``Nh fK g c GPEG dd ;IGQe c
569
AKCG ``a kja ``Nh ``S Y ``dG ``a ,``MGh ``Hh
dG GhRCG OY `` ae Y ,dC` `dG g d
dCdG J ,VjdG Hh ,dG AbUCd
577 .IGQe Nh S d e H dG Gg eh ,ddG
e N e dh .zdG Jd jd KdG dG{ a j Ye H ``MGh dG mMGh HdG ``jJ CG``e EG
CG QhdG e j ,Oe jU CG dEG dH ,W`` H cCG .edG dG M ah ,OGdG ah ,MG jf
YdG jDhQ e d e AY Lh HQCG g j
IFGdG ``Y IOLdG ``dG ``dG dEG ``dH
CG H ,``e ``W I``Mh j``Yh i``MEG ``d
582 .c fdG
g c d M .dH d ac ee LJ ,f
QNG ke j `` `a ,AGdG QgdG e KG
570
.1 - 3 - 10 - 2 - 5 aH RJ .aJ ,QH ,MCG - hCG dG `` `S dd ;fGLQCG dG e gMCG j CG hO e `` `LhR
.eM ,L ,eK - fdG dG .fGLQCG bdGh ,a IMGh AGM IgR g J
.FGQ ,OhGO ,dN - ddG dG
.dN ,eK ,MCG - HGdG dG ,MCG dG e JgR M g j CG j
.OhGO ,L ,QH - edG dG MCG dG e JgR QNG dG e S EGh
571
.FGQ ,eM ,aJ - SOdG dG QgRCG ``V e fGLQCG I``gR CG ``g ``j ``dh ,``UCGh
.FGQ ,L ,MCG - HdG dG e cCG g j CG j fCG ``f dG Vj .KdG
.dN ,L ,aJ - edG dG dG Gg eh ,AG``U IMGh IgR hCG ``fGLQCG IMGh I``gR
.dN ,eM ,QH - SdG dG .cCH jdG a QgR K a g
.OhGO ,eK ,aJ - TdG dG
.OhGO ,eM ,MCG - Y OdG dG
.FGQ ,eK ,QH - Y fdG dG

1000 Game .indb 380 2/16/16 10:25 AM

 381 dG d dG

J M jN hCG AGM jN d dhCG jdG

c ,He f HQCG dEG dG LCG N e
597 ``K Q``J ``dG M``dG ``J AG``dG ``dG
.HdG Me
591 3-8-6 9-1-7 2-5-4 - 1 dG
584
2-9-6 1-3-4 5-8-7 - 2 dG
.SCG a Ve g 5-3-9 6-7-4 2-1-8 - 3 dG
CG EG :``FGQ UN ``dh ,jdG ``dBG dG G``g ``Y ``j dH j MCG GQdG
j ,HdG M``e HQ
592 6-4-9 8-2-3 7-5-1 - 4 dG
,HQCG dEG ``b LCG H Q``j ``S Y IQH ``dhCG ``jJ
QPCG ``g e dEG c ``HdG ``J 9-7-3 2-6-5 1-4-8 - 5 dG
``jLh .``f ``jdG ``e ``f ``Sh ``HQCGh ,I``Y ``Sh
j CG dG ``e Gc GvL ``H f OLh CG ``MdH .HQCG fhdG 3-6-1 5-9-8 4-2-7 - 6 dG

.JGdG SG e ,IdH Hf UN
``JSSe e e (Edward Fredkin) cja OQGhOEG HG
a ``fdG ``fdG ``dG ``dEG ``dG ``g ``dG
``Yh ,``dG M``dG
585
d YoNGh .1960 ``Y ``a ``JGdG ``SG ``f (MI1)
g VdG dGh ,``k e M v fKh ``HQCG ``Lj
.3, 2, 1, 6, 5, 4, 9, 8, 7 :GWCG j
593 ``J ``S ,IO``e ``cM CG ``jW
Gfc ``JQg L ,``jH ``VjQ dY W``SH I``dG b CG J hCG ,fe Of b
ah J dG IgdG ``jdG dBG ``gh ,(John H. Conway) c GPEG ``fCG ``j G``gh ,``WEG ``Y
(e) hCG (I``M) e ``He c e GPEG ,``ah .``Ke O``e JJ M a ,vLhR HdG O``Y
OjEG E` a , CG ``dM ``e (``dG) ``HdG O``Y ``Y ``j ,vjOa HdG O``Y c GPEGh ,Q``dG
VjQ e t j ``J M hCG ,Jh ,``J ``S jJ .M j a
.gd Ie
.h ed``S ``YNG ``dG ``fOCG ``dG G``e
``J CG ``j ,(Solomon W. Golomb) ``edZ
586
dG GP ``L G``dG d 6 ``W M (``de) ``a
Ie e cCG J adG H C ;(de Z) J YCG
d `` S GWCG hCG OGYCG I`` d `` jH `` J CG
dOe GWCG `` HQC bf hCG I`` FGR de `` k FGO
594 ,IMh 11 e I``e G``SH .WEG Y J hCG IMGh
H G`` WCG `` J JJ j fCG `` e ZdG Yh ,`` bCG `` Y .GMh 6 ae Sb a j eY Vh dG e j
jYdG cdG eEG j `` S `` TdG dG Ea :jdG
.a Vj dG dG Y dG H ,dRdG hCG

.bO 39 H e f QhdG c
595
:bYO IY N Lj
587
dhe a i``NCG dhCG jJ ``HJ a ``ZJ ``b
.fT Md Pf kFGO S JdG GPEG e ae
596 3 + 5 + 6 + 1 =15

.ke HLEG g oJ d :jJ c g dh

588

598
589

FK ``d ``dG ``SdG ``Ye ``Y

2
Ea ,``dHh .4 (2 ) ``eH M``e ``jJ ,O``HCG
590
dG jJ OHCG KK d dG ``SdG Ye
3
,HK X ``b dG G``g ``ac CG ``VGaHh ,8 (2 ) ``eH
,jdG fRh O``jE CG ;8 eH jCk G OGO``j ``S fRh E` a
.8 a ddG fRh J CG Y

1000 Game .indb 381 2/16/16 10:25 AM

 dG dG d 382

42 10 = 6 7 2
607
g 420 Od edG dG
5=23725
dhCG OG``YCG UGN e ``jdG CG e ``ZdG ``Y
Lj fCG Q``e KEG XCG a ,KEG hO e J
602 599
OdG V fCGh ,1 ``e cCG U OY c H ``dhCG O``Y ``k FGO
bGQ hCG jOS bGQ eEG MCG QGH bj
CG H gY ,``JQeEG bGQ fc GPEG .``JQeEG
608 .dG

.MCG QG``H ``c C ;``v JQeEG ``bGQ

k ``e c QG``H ``j
J CG ``H ,JQeEG ``MCG QGH ``j M dG ``a ``dd
.vdhCG GkOY j 362880 bQCG e CG Lj
603
``dG jh ,45 g ebQCG ``e j ``dM c ``a
.GQeEG e bGQ c IFGdG a g j 9 bdG Yd J bQCG ``d OY CG EGh .9 ``Y
c ``d cCdH IFGdG Ea ,IFGdG a jO``S Lj fCh d dG dG Gg Vjh .9 bdG Ye e JGP M
MCG QG``H j CG H ``fCG j Ggh ,GQ``eEG ``e ``bGQ .vdhCG GkOY j CG e bQ CG OLh Y S dG
``bGQh ``MCG QG``H ``j ``e ch ,jO``dG ``e ``bGQ
Me e kjJ Ie 1.6 e j MdG s M EG
J M ,I``FGdG M dG PdG G``g ``jh .JGQeEG
Rhj d dG CG gd dGh ,UCG dG
604
e bGQ
k Y KGh GQeEG e bGQ k Y KG Y IFGdG
.jOdG .dG GH J dG IFGdG a OJ h ,5h , 1, 2, 3 ``dCG ``a b``YdG O``J
j hCG dG `` e V c EG a ,dG dEG `` dH `` eCG .4 bQ dG
600
a dG Z cdG d jW aCG EG
OY dEG OY e Ub UCG jJ g dG g
609 dG jh ,d GMh K H ,IMGh IMh dW
V c ,kV Y KG e MGh L H dG e j dG
ZdG Yh .UCG UdG H NBG Ub CG `` `K eh ,NBG dLEG dG d ,UCG VCG W K hj e
g S fCG J fEa ,c hJ UdG g e CG e W`` SH OGOj dG i`` f de I`` N c `` ah .G`` Mh 4
`` `S GkQGJh GkQGe PdG Gg QGJ EGh .ffb cM `` `k FGO GPEG ;d `` Ff M `` g `` d ,Yh ;`` f 4/3 `` edG
H jdG WJQG `` `H g .dG dEG HYCH H `` `j .d jf e jd S ,IOe Z GN JG
.dG d VjdG SCGh UGbCd jQhdG cdG e j S ;dG Y Vj dCdG a UCG dG
g cdG Od fOCG dG Ea ,4 dEG 1 e RdCG dEG dH .dG (f) FbQ Y
.KKh MGhh ,Y N ,S ,KK :dGdG Y
1 UdG Vh V Ob jd j dG 5 bQ dG dEG dHh
V QG``H JQG e Q``dG ``Ye ``S
EGh .dG G``g dEG J ``d d ,``UCG IQ``dG
605
.cM IY J eCG a ,4 UdG Y .2 e bCG g 1 + 1/2 + 1/4 + 1/8 + 1/16 . . . e
1 UdG `` `Vh V Ob jd `` `dG 6 bQ dG `` `dEG `` `dHh
fdG fGdG GP dG CG (Sallows) SGdS Lh
Y gd Ie IQb d :dG TCG HCG g
601
Od fOCG dG Ea ,4 `` `UdG Y 2 UdGh ,3 UdG `` `Y :220 OdG eGY e J
606 ``HCGh .``dG ``dG Y (Tessellate) He ``dEG ``jhdG
c f cdG OY gh - Y N g HdG cdG 1 + 2 +4 +5 + 10 + 11 + 20 + 22 + 44 +55 +
.Ob g j d d 110 = 284 `
k `T h``Yh fK Lj ,kfL ``Y ``S d ddG dG
:284 OdG eGd fG BG OY CG (Martin Gardner) ``fOQL ``JQe ``KCG ``bh .``d ``k e
.8 bdG Ye e J CG H dG a fGdG
.1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24 :e Jh ,24 g HLEG
610 1+ 2 + 4 + 71 + 142 = 220

``eGY ``J ``dG O``dG h``j O``dG ``eGY ``e c GPEG

UCG EG .Me GkOGYCG LhdG Y a ,hCG Od jhe
611 .284 h ,220 g he hR
VjdG A``Y Hh ,HdG OG``YCG ``SQZa Y bh
``dj EG ``M .``SdG Q``dG ``N GhRCG ``g ``a ``dG
5000 Lj dGh ,OGYCG g e kLhR 60 ``f ``H (Euler)

.OGYCG g e he hR
``SGQO ``Ve ``fc ``HdG OG``YCG CG ``e ``ZdG ``Yh
``fLH ``df ``cG ``a ,``dG BG i``e ``Y ``e
gh ,GhRCG UCG fK ,djEG J gh ,(Nicolo Paganini)
Bae kfMCG LJ fCG j Ggh ,1866 Y a 1,210h 1,184
.IGdG VjdG AY M QfG a Ic

1000 Game .indb 382 2/16/16 10:25 AM

 383 dG d dG

618 k 2 a 2 ``H IAdG adG t ` J

vFe J
:FdG OGYCG ``f a 15 dEG 0 e GkA``H OG``YCd
615 612
0000, 0001, 0010, 0011, 0100, 0101, 0110, 0111, 1000, 1001

.1111 h 1010, 1011 1100, 1101 , 1110

jW Yh ?``e I``Y ``dG WdG J ``v M ``g ,``d
K ,a e WH ``S g CG MJ Kh ``Me
.e gJG HQCG a IOLe e

He

He K

dG b OY jDhQ e J ,X jJ CG b
J fCG .(IQU) YCG Lh Y dG fdG
613
,KG H j hCG ,KG H jj `` `S QdG OY CG
He HQCG .HdG jdG dG e hR c dEG `` `dH g c j hCG
,vjOa (IQdG) dhCG Q`` `dG OY c GPEG dG Gg `` `eh
619 dG GhRCG OY Y dG H ,vjOa j S OdG Ea
.b J dG fdG
616 OdG c GPEa .BG `` J dG QdG s oY ,jDhd OJ `` eYh
J CG a ,(jGdG a c ,vLhR hCG ) jGdG a c ,vjOa
dH vLhR LdG OY c GPEGh ,Hc IdG fdG dG
CG Ha ,(LhR `` jGH dEG `` dH vjOa hCG) jOa jGH `` dEG
.IQU IdG fdG dG J
SCc b C Ggh ;``J ``a ,dd kah hM
H GYG Vh a ShDdG OY j e bh a
620 hdG EG :DadG gCG VJ Y YJ `` dG YdG g
GhRCG b j `` dW g c j dG Gd `` LhdGh O`` dG
Vh a ``ShDdG OY CG e ZdG ``Yh .U ``H hCG ``KG t oJ h .Q Bits G``dCG He d `v `M ``N YCG Ve .(IOe fe Y dh) fdG dG
-
aVEG E` a ``dd ,I``MGh `` kSCc c hCG OG``YEG ``a G``YG .e GdCG Yh ,SfGh ,jhdG Y
Vh a ``ShDdG OY EGh ,``ShDc K e YCG ``b ``KG
bh a KG J EGh .Gk` U j fdG OGYEG a G``YG 614
dh ,``SCc hCG U H e OOdH FbUC ``S MGh
OGYEG E` a ,iNCG IQ``Hh .``ShDc K ``Y G kHCG G``j ``d
.LhR DaJ d ``fdG OGYEG CG M a ,O``a DaJ ``d ``dhCG
dP j ``MGh ``bh a ``SCc b E` a ,``ddG ``c ``ah fK a ``T H e d bCG J CG ``dG ``eh
.DadG dG MCG ,``dG e c OY ``g j CG ``jh ,``f
WdG e CG ``cJ j fCG Me ``jh ,g ``Ve
.MdG g Y fdG dG
dh ,VGh ``g c Oa g dhCG OG``YEG D` aJ EG
e cv Ea ``Yh ;LhdG cdG O``Y dP ``j
621
.e Z J HdGh GYG Vh a FdG 617
d e IMGh I``H kee kFGO ``dG j ``S
CG feEHh ,``dG DaJ jh hCk G W``dG ``j
622 PlayThinks is great fun and education .
Y eh ae dG dCG
IMGh I``e KdG ``dG ``M dG ``jW ``Y ``dH ``j
.bCG hCG cM S a dG Y j gY ,a

1000 Game .indb 383 2/16/16 10:26 AM

 dG dG d 384

.IOdG (dG) IOdG

632 628 .H dG dG g 19 bQ SGdG dG
623

624

dG (O`` dG) `` FdG `` e G`` fCG KK `` LJ

jW Y `` dG FdG `` Uh jh ,`` dG
633
Lj hCG ,`` Lj eEa :`` NCG RdG `` H MCG RdG O`` Y
.KG hCG IMGh IRN
:cM N a
.1-2-3, 4-5-6, 7-8-9, 8-9-10 , 8-9-11
629 QY ``JG ``a h``dH Qh``J ``ShdG ``M Ch
625
dG 10 dG e vLhR GkO``Y Ea ,Y``dG QY ``Yh Y``dG
e vjOa GkO``Y EGh .d OG``YEG LCG ``e kHe t ` j ``ShdG
``SCH F``dG ``g ``e ``e ``eJ CG ``Y
``SQ g GdG jDhd ``jW ``aCG EG .``e
634 630 Y QhJ CG ``j ,dG G``g a dG g ``c ,``ShdG ``g
dG N e bGdG EG d ,ke jd e .WEG
o` SG dG dG ``a eY ``V .``fdG ``SCG A``SCGh
.U fCG J dG dG a * eY Vh ,e IQH
``e ``j ``e ``Lj ``fCG ``Yj ``SdG ``e ``c
dh ,dC` dG g d ``jJ J ``dG ``edG
626
IJdG jdG FdG .dG Jf H Gg
S
dh AdG a j ``fEG :dG j e a ``dG t ` j
* d .dG MdG dG g dG Gg .DhWEG j CG H IY FbO Id kaGO jh ,IQGdG jC k G
* e
dG a F`` SdG `` d WCG FdG `` dG eo` `SG d``H dG dEG UJ CG ``j ,``dG a ``dP ``NCG ``e
:dG N e jW T K eL e VjdG `` dY WCG bh .QGOGdG `` FGNh JdG IY FbO I``d Ak e cJGh ,1 ``bQ ``dG u` T ,hCk G .I``c
j ``dd ;``jHC I``Mh ``H ``g IJ``dGh ,CG ``d (Sherman K. Stein) j`` T . eT ,`` aGO -fQdc 1 bQ dG ZCG dP Hh ,kN``Sh G kL dG j M
,jdG ``e cCG G`
k `eCG ``J e .IJ``dG ``j CG ``d Y WCG bh ,IcGdG Y `` SG FdG cGdG g Y .(dG) IQdG dEG YH fG K eh ,2 bQ dG u` Th
e J CG ``j ``dd ;O``a CG ``e ``bCG ``J IJ``dGh e `` e `` SG gh ,(Ouroborean) jQHhQhCG `` M `` jC
k G GPEG ,``dG d 2 ``bQ ``dG u` a ,A``V ``g c GPEG
``g ``d :``JBc ``FdG ``J ``K ``e ,IJ``dG h ``jdG .jP cCG dG QSCG dG d 1 bQ ``dG u` a ,aGO dGh AV g ``j ``d
.dG FQ g eh ,jdG g S ,IJdG 3 bQ dG u` a ,GkOQHh ``k e ``dG c GPEG .``dG

631 .dG d - j d dG dG gh -
. sUCG c AdG CG cj CG XdG f
635
KK g a ;I``SN b t j gdG Gg ``e
d J e FGY GOGYEG S UCG e
627
120 ``UCG ``e 118 ``dhCG ``dG ``YGdG ``J
IYdGh .``dG UGbCd ``dG ``jOdG ``e
636 .a MGh e Y dH dH
.dG dMG MCG QNG INCG

:dG e KG bCG Y Lj
1-1-1-1-0-0-0-0-1-1-0-1-0-0-1-0

h
.1-1-1-1-0-0-0-0-1-0-0-1-1-0-1-0

1000 Game .indb 384 2/16/16 10:26 AM

 385 dG d dG

CG ``Ua EG ,``dH .``U ``Z ``J c

,GvL e J ``Je e Z M ``j
653 .fdG jQdG sH
645 CG ``dG ``e c GPEG ``fCG ``g j``dG ``HLEG
``j CG ``dMG E` a ,``dG ``e OhCG ih``j
637
jdG ``dEG dG O``H QdG e``S ``M ``j ``dh .1/2 J kH NBG dG
20
AT dEG dH .IdG g a ``J iNCG jd FG``dG Uah .%40 CG /50 J AGM Ic SQ Ua EG 647 d e ``jJ HQCG ``Lj ;CN HLEG ``g oJ ``dh
,OdG jJ ``J - keJ vFG``Y ``d jdG g EG ,``e .%60 CG 30/50 J AbQR Ic SQ
j .Hh ``H ,dhh H ,``Hh dh ,``dhh dh :``eQ ``FY
dL QGJ dhj HQ IMGh H j jdG HdGh KdG ``MG ``dh ,(dhh ``dh ) ``MG ``MCG A``SG
J Ie c a ,NBG AT dEG dHh .f JG a iNCG
Solve Play Thinks :g dG
648 MG g ,H dG ``MG eh .jh``e J iNCG
iNCG I``e j CG ``e ``M ``dMG EG ,FG``Y I``gX jd eQ FY J CG ``MG Ea dd ;fK ``k H ``j
,dG J d OdG fc ``dh M dd ; keJ ``f J MGh LQ O``j CG ``MG EG .``gdG ``NCG ``Y .1/3 a j fK H
j CG keJ dG e J jdG HJ dG dG E` a .kjJ 632 j b bCG Y
649
dMG ,H ;WGTG dMG Y e k t oJ dCdG g
.iNCG e Cc ddG ddG a HV FdG t J .a
k ``M b NBG dG CG M cDJ ``e ``M
86
650 .Y LH a Ajh be Z
e edG dG I``M a b``YdG CGJ CG j
a hCG Y``dG Q``Y ``JG ``a cCG AG``S ,Q``fdG
654
a a ?AH J jCG ,iMCH j GDdG EG
638
J ``S JG CG Y GkOYG ,Y``dG QY JG ``Y Yj ;dG ``SH d ``edG dG j
.a JG f c ``dEG J dG G``dG OY ``Se
651 .ddG dG

``SCG e mGe U c dEG ``dH ``SH e e He

.f dG U d j dd ;2 aVEG ee jW Y
FISH
639
GdG ``e c O``Y Y ``J dG ``edG ``MG ``dBG ``a
j ,``dG ``ShL e e jRdG Pf j ,h``dGh
NCG
640
.SdG H jCk G .hCk G NCG e hJ
641
CH kje ``cCG CG Y j{ :``H b ``MdG
I ought to owe nothing .zkT cBG d fC ;A``T
642
for I ate nothing .

1 _19 =_89
643
8 _
_
9
8 _1 =_6
9 4 9
6 _
_
9
6 _1 =_4
9 3 9
4 _
_ 4 _1 =_2
``dEG ``e ``HQCG ,``a c``M ``S ``eCG ``SG
.IOd Kh dG
655 9 9 2 9
2
_
9
100=22.22% jdG dG
FdG ``dG ``a dG ``dOe ``aZ ``dEG ``ge ``NCG 1 .(9) g dP j QdG e OY bCG
.g cJh
``e ``f) Q``SfhdG ``HQe ``d ``aCG ``e
652 U IQdG ``Jh ,OU fEG hCG ``dG ``j
.j c GPEG U Zh ,dG j c GPEG 644
.OH Y 2
Y dG Ua CG ``e ZdG Y .(GQ``UjdG
.FdG dG a dG dOe aZ dEG QOf NCG 3 jg Ea ,1/ J (GQ``UjdG e NBG f) Q``SS CG
2 c GPEG ``Y dG ``H kU t ` j fdG ``dG ``db ``e
.ge e Y 4 .1/8 CG , 1/2 1/2 1/2 :g dMG J S a KK .bOU t J a dG Gg eh ,dG j hCG dG
``dG a dG dOe aZ dEG FdG ``dG ``NCG 5
dG U i``e Y j ddG ``dG c ``a ``dG EGh
.FdG
,dG j ddG dG Ea ,j hCG dG c GPEG ;hCG
.OH Y 6 .j ddG dG Ea ,dG j hCG dG c GPEGh
``dG a dG dOe ``aZ dEG i``NG Ie ``ge ``NCG 7 :(dG dEG QdG e) eEG J MG
.ke NdG KdG j K eh .FdG Pc - bOU -OU
OU - bOU - Pc
.kHPc ddG jh ,dG j KG j ddG c a

1000 Game .indb 385 2/16/16 10:26 AM

 dG dG d 386

dG ``g e HQCG ah ,``e Ff t``S ``Lj

.2/3 Ra Ua t J dd ;Y Rj
.KK (three) c J a CN g .1
.(mistakes) kL J CG H mistake c .2
t ` j G``gh ,``dG ``a B` N ``a ``g ``Lj .3
.ddG CdG
.(dGh idG) RANGE and ANGER
D M ``g CG ``J ``a ,h``dG O``Y GPEG
664 QdH dG Y ``c QH RdCG g e ``J
dG t ` j .MdG ``Y ``a ``J ``dG ``f
660 .LdG j dG OGL g 1 bQ
656
.dG j dG MCG g 2 bQ
ac ``ee OLh ``e cCdGh ,``jdG ``dOCG ``d ``Hk e .dG j dG L g 3 bQ
665 aGJ ``Y e ZdG ``Y ,dG G``g ``a .``FdG U``S .dG J dG Ag g 4 bQ
HLEG ``SG Y dG Y``j CG a ,``c ``edG
MdG ej jdG UNh SdG e dG C .Ke
dG hO e d M e W GPEG IdH ``Hj ``dG hCG
M hCG ``SG G``SG a jOOe ``fj e ``k dZh .``c
e dG g a HdG hCG IQdG HJ MG EG
c GPE` a .2/3 g ,(e ``j) d ``SCG A``dG
657
666 .HLEG dEG UdG LCG e SdG
:dde MG KK a ,dG g a IQU iJ
.Hch IQU a dG d IQU iJ fCG .1

,C hM HQCGh ,S hM KKh ,I aMh .G k``MGh

667 .IQUh IQU a dG dG e hCG fd IQU iJ fCG .2
IQU ``a ``dG ``dG ``e ``fdG ``fd IQ``U i``J ``fCG .3
hM fKh E ,hM Sh ,V hM Sh ,O hM Nh .IQUh
.(DISCOVER) j g dG ch ,R
``dG ``j ``MG ``Lj ``KdG ``MG ``g ``a
c GPEa .dG g jJ aj SdG e dG .2/3 CG
``jQJ ``a ``bdH ``e ``M ``dEG ``dG G``g ``Jj
g ``SdG ej dG IO``dG ``HLEG EG ;O``dG
668 .idG Qh e Ye Of GSH Ha ke
dG dG J dh .JQG 100 HGb Y J CG j fCG
CG j fCG Y STSe jh a OQaQg eL a jLCG 658
e ``S jW Y IdG jdG a AHZ KG CG ``Jj
.Qe S hCG N QGH dW Qj Sh Qe ``a ``dCG ``a Q``dG ``jRd k` de ``J CG
``SSCG g ,(U dY) dC` e ``SH ahdGh ,dC` dG g MU ``c d ``e dhdG ``dP a ``H 661
c `H e CG ``HQ AdG hj dG ``dG ``edG ``d jNBG IY Ea jedG e MGh Ra d dd ;vjOe jRdG
IQH ddGh Ohdg ``e c t Jh .a GN ``S a cH .GhN b
WJQG e jdG H f gh ,dG g Y eCG Ic
QJ e d ,Ad vjQhV GkeCG QdG ``S oJ .NGdG .(fdG bdG ub)h (a ,Hh H) 662
``jW ``dG ``g ``UCG ``JGh ``dG I``ch ``ddG Just between you and me and Split second timing.
.GvL Gkc SdG H QdGh
:e M
663 e Oe Y
659
N e ,A (``dG b) ``ddG ``e ``YdG EG
Ve g c ,bdG e %55 B Rj ,jdG idG
669
.YCG OLdG dG a

1000 Game .indb 386 2/16/16 10:26 AM

 387 dG d dG

NG .``H ``dGh .1/3 g H 2/3 UdG J

IMGh bH ,dG dG bdG e bH CG
677 Lh Y S ,bQdG g Y kHe Y HQCG Lj
.NBG LdG Y fKh MGh
672 ``dG e ``dG ``NGj ``NCG ``jdG ``a
.dG
670
.dG a J WdG Ua Ea ,Yh ;f dH a
``dG ``KdG ``MG C ;``U ``Z ``jU ``J t ` j 3 bQ IQ``da ;a ``dG ``g ``fdG IQ``dG
.3 bQ IQdGh ,1 bQ IQdG e c v J
673 .zFb dEG fN{
671
.jhe LQCG Y d fM a Vh
``MCG E` a ,``k f ``Lh c GPEG ``fCG a``dG QOCG
674

dG
678

dG
jgdG IedG ``e ``Sh MCG CG e ZdG ``Y

G
G

fC

d

``Ua ``V ``v M A``dG ``a G``Y ``Ua CG EG ``e O``SCG ``Lh CG Q``S ``jNBG ja``dG
edG ``S hCG MCG WCG GPEG ;``Teh VGh ``dGh ,``KG CG QOCG ``a ,dG Y bj ``d e ``jv CG CG ``Hh .``dG
T
``M) ``NBG ``j ``S hCk G ``dG ``j ``e E` a ,``dhCG .jC
k G dH JG b j CGh H Lh

A
aGJ ,GY ``e M j K (cCG ``jdG ``j ``fCG
IdG b Y J ``e HUE %50 ``H Ua BG G``d 675
``dhCG ``dG G``Y ``WCG GPEG ,``oj CGh ``j C` H %50 h 6 + 6 + 8 + 8 = 28 K
E
Ea ``S hCG MCG `k `a ``b d fC ;``j CG ``d ``aCG ``a + + + +
6 + 6 + 6 + 6 = 24
,vM AdG ``a MCG Ua E` a Gdh ;b k ``jOj ``S ``NBG + + + +
a Gh``N GPEG :``f UdG ``Sh MC ``aGJh ,%50 ``g 12 + 12 + 10 + 8 = 42

U
+ + + +
Ea ,``HQ GPEG :dhCG ``ddG ``a j ``fEa ``dhCG ``LGdG 8 + 10 + 12 + 6 = 36
CG ``Hh .G``Y ``e ``M ``jh ``NBG ``j ``S ``gMCG
S
32 34 36 28
``S hCG MCG Ua E` a ,mh``e dG c h``M ``MG
%25 hCG -KG Y e 50%+0% J S
676
T
A``Y F``dG ``g ``e ``M ``dOe ``M ``d
679
IQ``H ``dG ``dG ``LJh ,h``d ``VjdG O
IFGdG a ;C` dGh dhd ``dG ``SCG N e aCG
jRd ``FdG ``ceCG E` a ,k``S KKh ``S ``e ``fdG
.4 ,10 ,15 ,20 ,26, 30 bQ ceCG g FGYCG hCG Y
O
OjEG ``J ,``fdG ``dG ``ed ``HJ ``dM ``a
(Benfords OQ``H ``fb a ``gdG ``j ``MG
680 U
e dG ``H a fCG LQd ``VGh ``MG t ` Jh .Law) R
Hc hCG IQU eEG Y f ``S ,eQ 200 e fe ``S g dG ``a AGdG IdG A``H Ua CG h``j ``dhCG ``gd
,Gg jdG e j h .MGh U a cCG hCG Ge ud - KG ``dh - M ``K M ``g ``LJ ``dh .% 50
.jdG Ff a FGdG Z OGdG g e Gj dh :jhe IQH e L
AG``dG I``dG ``cQJ ,(A) ``dhCG AG``dG I``dG ``oJ .1
E
LH VjdG AY O``j ,MG ``M a
681 .(C) adG
e Hch IQ``U ``e IQU :``e ``Ff ``HQCG ``Y
AG``dG I``dG ``cQJ ,(C) ``adG AG``dG I``dG ``NDJ .2 A
D
J CG dG e d .IQ``U e Hch ,Hc e IQ``U ,``Hc
.(A) dhCG
``S Y ;(``gDhMEG ``j ) ``e ``eN ``f ``g
j hCG ,``fdG Y ``fe Y ``J CG ``dG ``e ,``dG .(B) AbQdG IdG cQJ ,(C) adG AGdG IdG NDJ .3 E
e ,``dG ``a ``FW ``j CG hCG ,``dG ``T ``a ``J CG I``dG G``J ,``dG ``dG ``g ``e ``KG ``a ,h``J ``c
.dG a AGdG
R
OGdG g ``e Vh VjdG A``Y Y ``j CG ``dG
.dG a MG M Y dG a dh ,%75 ``g AGM Ic ``S Ua E` a ,hCG ``dG ``a S
.MG J ,dhCG IdG S OH

1000 Game .indb 387 2/16/16 10:26 AM

 dG dG d 388

Q``Y ``JG ``SCG ``J h``dG ``JJ ``Y

.(TONY BLAIR) H fJ Jh ,YdG
689 daT OeL GfCG TG Y HdG dG a
``f ``gh ,(Antoine G. C. de Mr) Q``e O
687 ONE WORD .IMGh c HLG
682
;dU a J d MGh ,MH gG jd ``fa J CG dG eh ,e LhR OGYCG S LJ
683
dEG 3 MG OLh e M ,OY k kfgQ G``g t ` j
.2
690 ``H ``VjdG A``Y g``e ``e c``T ``a ``a ``dd ;a e jOa OGYCG Nh ,2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12
g Ea ,dG Vj c ,dP e ZdG Yh .3, 5, 7, 9, 11
(Pierre de Fermat) ``ea O ``Hh (Blaise Pascal) ``SH
a Jh ,2/3 bCG Y g RdG a Ua CG e cCdG j eQ j``Yh HQCG H 6 ``bQ J ``MG CG G``Lh ``jdG ed jW ``Y fKh ``LhR OY ed ``jW I``Y ``fK
QNH d ``dG g a Y e c EGh .7/8 dEG ``MCG ``H j e ,0.49 M hCG ,jdGh HQCG Ib dEG dH 35/36 c .jhe LhR OY MG Ea Yh ;Oa OY
CGj H H UdG KdG QNCG dP H ,H UdG KdG .jdG idG Y IQdG
``f jQNH ``dG K ,``d fdG ``fdG ``dG ``eQ .MG Y Oe jGH Gg dG OeL W t jh
d Sh ,HHT fCG QNCG a ,HTH NG GPEG .d dhCG
d ``Sh ,HTT fCG QNG ``a ,TTT NG GPEGh .2/3 I``e (Martin Gardner) ``fOQL ``JQe ``eb ``d
dG edG ``fc GPEG RJ CG ``a ``dG ``eh - 7/8 I``e JdG t ` J dh ,``bdG G``g e I``Y GQG``UEG
688
.Hc c dhCG ,(Marilyn vos Savant) fa``S ``Sa ``dQe ,OGQH ``e ``a
Gg M 1990 Y a de ``b a ;H kWJQG ``TCG g
dG 11
dG Y ``e F``SdG BG Q``KCG ``dh ,``dG G``dG ``VdG
.JGh jdG g 6 OdG QX Y MG Ea ,OdG eQ ``Y
691 OJ OJ 684
dG dG dG dG dG dG dG dG ,iNCG edG Y e ``J ``eQ c C ;5/6
3 bQ 2 1
bQ bQ 3 bQ 2 1bQ bQ
j Ob Ob IQS Rj Ob Ob IQS CG j ``e ``S a 6 O``dG ``Y OdG ``eQ ``Y ``Uah
Rj Ob IQS Ob j Ob IQS Ob
Rj IQS Ob Ob j IQS Ob Ob :JBG dG Y oJ
2 1 5
/3 RdG QdG dG /3 RdG /6 5/6 = 0.69 :eQ
5
/6 5/6 5/6 = 0.57 :eQ K
.U Z hJ HLG C ?GPd 5
/6 5/6 5/6 5/6 = 0.48 :eQ HQCG
e G kMGh g Ra Ua ``a ,dhCG HLEH ``J GPEGh MGh 6 bQ Y ``J ``S ,MCG cCG a fCG j ``e ``gh
.GHCG KKh IMGh IQS :dP a dG eh .KK .eQ HQCG H
OY ``f jdH ``dG HH ``HLEG ``g ``a ``j
.a-5, b-1, c-9
692 .dG d ,OH K OJ hO e GdG e H SCH a ``T G``TG MG j CG ,MdG e 685
J ``Ye ``a dPh ,0.5 ``HGb ``g O``e ``j
.T
k jYh KK e a
``jW I``Y ;``dG G``WCG ``e ``Yf ``g
.GWCG e KG a j d ch ,Ib I``Yh
693 Oe j jd T c CG MG IYGe e H ,Gg d
MG Ea ,T e J Ye dEG ``dHh .e
vdJH ,Gk` b ``UCG ``fd ``j ``c ``jJ ``dG ``dGh
Oe ej jd j CG - 364/365 ``HGb - jd kJe ``j
NCG ,Gk` b vfGLQCG ,Gk` b ``jv OQh ,Gkb ``MCG ,Gk` b
Ea ,U``TCG KK ``e J Ye ``dEG ``dHh .``e
kJb QRCG ,jWk kJa QRCG ,Gkb kJb NCG ,Gkb kJa
EG ``Mh - 363/365 - ``f ``dH ``k Je ``j ``MG
,jWk vjOQh ,jW k MCG ,jW k vdJH ,jW k UCG ,Gk` b
a ,``dG Y J GJ ``KdG U``TCG Ye
QRCG ,jW
k ``k Jb NCG ,`k `jW kJa NCG ,`k `jW ``v fGLQCG
MG j M ,Q``dG Gg a ``SGh .ke dMG V
v``Hh ,Gkb v``H ,`k `jW ``k Jb QRCG ,Gk` b `` kJa
j .e O``e j d YdG a ``T c ``j CG
.jW
k
``T G``TG MG CG Gg jh ,(0.5) dG hO dEG
.(0.5) e cCG BG g MGh Oe j a
694 90 dEG U``TCG OY Uh e cCdG e MG Gg jh

.cCG hCG

1000 Game .indb 388 2/16/16 10:26 AM

 389 dG d dG

j``dG ``Vj hCk G

``a ``UCG ``aCG
705 Ve g ``c ,GdCG fK ``g GdCG ``e OY ``bCG
.fOCG
703 jJ ``j M ``dG e ``Y ``SCH ``Ve
e ZQa We S J e H ,edH jdG
695
W``TCG ``ba ``VJh .``SCG .jJ hO
``dG GPh AG``dGh ``dJdG ?aCG g e J CG j a ,ZQa jH CGH GPEG
``NCG ``dGh ,``JdG ``NCG
QRCGh ``JdG QRCGh ``cGdG
fG .dGdG Y ,OQdGh cGdG
.dG Y WTCG VGe dEG dH g VdG dG

706

.vaGZHW He 9h ,2 bdG a
696
G``S d cM ``S bCG Y ``eCG ``j
.GWCG
707
V ``Sh ,IMGh b a j``dG j ``S
708
Y ``J ``S
``KK ``dEG ``bCG
698
.ec e dh dG
MG MCG g Veh .GdCG
,dG HQCG e KG dEG jdG j S
709 704 .dG IdG
jdGh ,f dG dh SHe jT g gMCG
.ec e Hh dG V d NBG
.fdG jf Vj dG
699
.GdCG HQCG .1
710
.GdCG KK .2
.fd .3
.fd .4
.GdhCG HQCG .5
.fd .6
.fd .7 ``dG ,``UCG ``dG :Y``dG Q``Y ``JG ``a
dG ,MCG Y``dG dG ,dJdG ``SdG
700
.GdCG KK .8
NCG ``SGdG ``dG ,``dG HdG ,OQ``dG Y``dG
.fGLQCG QdG dGh ,QRCG fdG dG ,JdG
``b ``e ``Ye ``K ``YG ,P``dG ``d
j``T Y ,fOCG Ve ``g c ,``FdG ``bdG
711
``aW ``dG .``Md ``K ``d j``dG m``KG ``K ,Q``dG ``e 701
.(IFGO) M d ke dH jdG
e LQdG ``YdG ``bQ ``J ``j ,``dG ``j ``eY
dEG ``NGdG e ``ec ``dG ``J ``jW ``Y ,``KG ``dEGMGh
.QdG

1000 Game .indb 389 2/16/16 10:26 AM

 dG dG d 390

.dG dG g Ve
719 716 712

:g YHdG 713
(1- 9 - 11 - 14), (2 - 3 - 7 - 13), (4 - 5 - 6 - 8)
,dG Y KG dG MCG fOCG dG Vj
.SfGh jhdG Y M hO e
720 .a (10- 12) :hdG jh

``dG ``e c
v ``j ``dG ``e ``KG c
GdCG e OY bCG Ea ,Yh ;iNCG IY iMEG
714
.kfd Y KG g dG Gg d j

.fOCG Ve gMCG ,e M
s Lj
717

,F,G,J,T h``M vaGZHW h``j dG E ``M

Yh
715
``HQCG ``dG ``MCG ``fOCG ``VdG ``SdG ``j
.dG
721
.a MGh M Lj
718

1000 Game .indb 390 2/16/16 10:26 AM

 391 dG d dG

.P-L-A-Y-T-H-I-N-K-S j dG
732 NGJ dG dG Wd KdG dG dEG dH
.d e jJ fK Lj fEa ,``H a
726 722
Gg eh .fOCG ``e g c ,IY a ``e KG ``j ``S
JdG J YCG GPEG
jdH ``k L IdG
733 .1/4 g MG Ea dG

KK J dEG J ``a ,``f

Me J j .``FQ He
``dG ``j ``H ,``k e ``je
e P MGh e aH ddG
``j ``jdG ``Hh ,``e ``Z
j dG JGh ,O``dG dG dG ;jGdG f ``jJ
.dG cJ j eh ,GdG MdG
723
v t j 10 a 10 MdG dEG dH dG
.G kja M
734
:I``H WdG `` oS GPEG a M ``oJ ``S
A``Lh ``dG ``SCG ``a O``LdG ``WdG A``L
727
.SdG Qj Y OLdG WdG

728

jJ dG e SdG dG GY a ``T c
.dG b jW Y
724

.dG dGRE cM IY J eCG j S

735 N jd ,Ve g c ,a b dEG f
``S ,RN M K ,IMGh R``N M :``g G``WCG
725
jGdG 4-1 e cG ``dG GWCG ``g e .R``N M I``Y KG ``K R``N ``M
IMGh R``N M e ``J e G``WCH ``Fb ``jJ ``j
.RN M jYh K Mh

6-5 e cG 10-7 e cG

H Ik Y hYh HQCG dG dG j
.jOY
729
13-11 e cG 19-14 e cG
H b GPEG .``a I``MGh b ``dEG ``LM ``g
dEG dG J a ,QdG e HGdG dG
730
dG eh .dGdG ``Y ,M 6 ,3 ,1 ,1 GWCH AG``LCG ``HQCG
dG dG ,e hCG ``gOH ,AGLCG g ``J CG
j CG dG e ,ddG dG a ,dG S Y ;j d
.(3) dG dG jh (1,1) dG

1000 Game .indb 391 2/16/16 10:26 AM

 dG dG d 392

.dG dG dG g Ve
744 740 .cM IY K eCG j
736

.dG HQCG dG g Ve
745

``fGdG ``jE ``cM j``Y ``eCG ``j

CG ``j ,``Y ``LHh .``SdG ``UbCG ``dEG ``c
737
Qh ``e bQh ``K ``k jJ ``dG ``e ``fCG ``JG
746 e e OY bCH ``dG d QhO f A``fEH cdG ``J
``J hCG fK ``e cCG ``dEG ``dG ``e ``dG 741 .cdG
.bQdG bQ hCG Ic fc e ,Ge
dG OY YH J fEa ,bQdG a J Ie c a
HQCG J Kh ,U J IMGh K EGh .``dG ``a
1 IG
738
dG Qh ``e ``eM ``K ``J ``e ``j ``Sh .``U
``S jh .U Jg ``dO M ``KJ ;``U 512 ``S
.aVEG K Y CG edG
2 IG 3 IG
.dG fdG dG YCH Ve
747
742

(Maxinizer) ``bCG ``YdG R``a JG``SEG EG

dG ``Y KG ``dG Lh ``a ``j CG ``g
739
CGh ,(Minimizer) fOCG YdG H b cM NBG Ve db
Ce CH CG``H ,fOCG dG .e``SG dG ``f dG ``j
JGSEG JG K ,SdG a SdG dG bCG YdG
.z``dN ``e t ` j ``YGHEG ``dG{ ``g d``SdG
CREATIVE PLAY IS PURE FUN
748 743 j ``fC ;dH R``a YdG CG ``Moj ``ch ,``dEG Q``dG
.dG GdCG e d CH HCG jCGdG jJ

1000 Game .indb 392 2/16/16 10:26 AM

 393 dG d dG

.cM KH GQdG f j
757 IFGO ``Y fe Y c ``Vh ``g ``dG ``e EG
.d H``dG fdG ``d jGdG ``VH ``e
753 .dG Y dG dG MCG Gg
749
.JGSEG d kah ,M MGh Qe kFGO g S
dhdG SCG jh
Ae ``cCG ``H C` dGh
``S ``e ``fe ``f
dG dh fe Y
,``cdG ``JG ``a
.c``dG ``Me ``e
``J CG ``dG ``eh
dG HJ a jC k G
.dG jdGh fdG dG MCG Gg
750
fCT e ,IFGO ``d
.dH dG QJ e J CG
OG``YCG ``fCh (Y``dG ``d) ``ee ``dG G``g ``j
e 8 Qe ``fCG Y dG Q``e Uh ``dG ``e .``edG
IYe f fK g CG H ,(5 - hCG) +3 ``HQ ``Y
.Gve G kMGh GkQe d J dK f ch ,IFGO M

.Ie W Y LJ
754
``Ve ``e ch ,``e ``HLEG ``a ``LJ
.fOCG
751

bCG Qdh .``dG aM ``dG bCG j ``d

e g c ,dG Lh ``H J fCG J ,``jW
755
,dG I``M dEG b``YdG e k``e vN ``SQ GPEG .fOCG CG Lj h ,fOCG Ve e ``MGh M a ``Lj
.adG SCG e j jW bCG CG iJ a .dP e cCG ad M
752

M ``K ``dEG I``dG ``SdG i``MEG ``J

``SdG Hd eG``SG ``j ``K ``eh ,``e
756
.iNCG HQCG

1000 Game .indb 393 2/16/16 10:26 AM

 dG dG d 394

aNG E` a ,``f ``JdG ``a ``s dG ``H ``dW .2

8 h 7 ``bQCGh .``He 10 h 5 h 4 h 3 h 2 ``bQCG
``bdG ``g 6 ``bdGh 1 ``bdG ``d ,``He 9 h
771 13824 CG ,24 24 24 W``H g se KK ``e ``dG UGbCG e Ye c J bQCG CG M ``g
ddG ``J ?dGdG ``Y ,24 h 15 ``Ye ``j
758
.e jW
.GdG - ``dG VGe ``Y fdG ``s dG ``aM ``dW .3 d Ye c ``b e HdH J CG ``j dG c``dG O``Y
a NG fCG Y dG Lh MC IOe d c ``M Jh dG e KG ,MCG ``dG e MGh ,dG ``S Y) Oe
I``Te fGL MCG j H ke J c GPEG
K eh ,v` SGS `
k `T ``J ``aGWCG E` a ,``f
772 .110075314176 CG , 24 8 g aNG OY Ea - c dG e KK ,QRCG ``dG e KK ,MCG ``dG ``e ``KK ,QRCG
GPEG .(MCG dG e MGh ,QRCG dG e KG ,MCG ``dG
cCG He Id ``SGh M``e H dG CG VGdG e ``j ``UdG ``dCG ``e ``dG ``g ``j CG ``dG ``a PEG H j ``S EGh) ``dG dEG ``UJ ``a ,``ddG ``J
.gLh e b
k dG (Rubiks Cube) ``HhQ ``e ``e ,``dG ``a ``dH
.cdG e e OY bCH (dG
.jd U fCG K b ,ke jYh S j
M dG a ,IMGh IMh ``e J fGL ``d c GPEG jJ ``jW Y hCk G hCG ``dG ``M ``j ,``dG ``S ``Y
.kjJ IMh 1.06 fGL J M ,dN e He IM ``jb ``jeCG ``e (Harbo Marx) ``cQe ``HQg ,AbQdG UGbCd ``cH j ``K ,cdG a ``MCG ``UdG
.Qeh
764 OdG ``dEG Gkfh .G``gh ,AG``dG ``UGbCd c``M K ``K
.VGh cdG J a ,UGbCG cM Y VhdG
``b ,g``dG Q``d ``dG ``dG ``Y ``d
765
H Y dG e LQdG adG H WH 759
.GvL Fe jhGR e dG dEG fGh ,fCG e kjJ ``S 15
. kVGh AT c Sh IMGh kY ZCG

``jeCG ``e (Groucho Marx) ``cQe ``JhL

.Qeh jb
766
.ke Nh fK .1
773
.ke Y fK .2 Yh .nM``dG dG YHdG ``SCG C` J d
J ,cCG YHQ S jd eGgCG HQCG J
767
.ke hY .3
;ke vfK ke dG a MdG
.ke Nh S .4
e HQCGh ,vYHQ ke ``Y MCG e dG j dd
.ke KKh KK .5 .fK
.ke Y fK .6 760
.ke KK .7 dG ODj CG j ,HdG RdCG e J c
T e ``T Y dG feEG a a ``dG
768
.ke HQCG .8
,dG dG sj M dG e LhR jH WH b ,NBG
OY c GPEGh ,``dG M a ,``LhR jdG O``Y c GPE` a
774 .dG Gg M dG e fEa ,jOa jdG
.cM KK a e dG Ea ,dG Gg dEG dHh OQ``dG ,``NCGh ``MCG ,``dJdGh ``UCG
.QRCGh
761
769 .SCG a jCG dG g Hj dG dG
762

MGdG ``fdG jQ``e ``dG ``e ``fOCG ``dG

.e GMh Y e j
770

.hCG dG ``Vd jW h``Yh HQCG ``Lj .1

fdG dG j CG j ,dG g ``e CG ``ah
763
dG jJ j ,Oe e CG ah .HQCG ceCG MCG a
24 4 dd ;``dG jW j``dGh HQCG iMEH ``fdG

.e jW 24 = 2304

1000 Game .indb 394 2/16/16 10:26 AM

 395 dG d dG

``VQCG ``c ``HPL i``d ``Se ``g ``fRh EG

,VQCG ``c ``ce dEG ``bCG ``c ``ch ,``d
787 .dP AGQh dGh dG dG fG d
783 ,e ``jM ``jH ``dG dC` dG ``g ``d
dG ``s dG O``Y j h``L A``fEG ``j
775
,(14-15) ``bQ dG M a ``dG H ``dH GPEG
.d HL IH cCG T .dc ``J ,G``dG ``J ``d ``fC ;``eCG ``H ``J ``HQ .GdCG e je d dG
N Y %0.5 QGH bCG S fEa ;Yh ;VQCG RhH H e ,(Sam Loyd) ``jd ``S U dG ``dG dG Gg E` a 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 :AGdG cQCG OY

.dG Y fRh Y e AGSG 120 f ``b dG ``b eY G``g ``jd ``Y .``M ``dG 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 :AGdG cQCG OY
a Yh ;``dG j d IC` ae QhO 1000 ``b ``dd ;`` keY 1 1 3 3 7 3 3 1 1 :dG sdG OY
cc e fRh j a ,f M g RdG ,f
kFGO cfdG GdG ``S dh ,NBG cc ``dEG
788 c ddG ``SdG Gg Y NBG dGh ,vdY `` kSg ``cG .ke ke ke hYh KK g j ,ddh
.1980 Y a HhQ e QHG
.(GkU) ddG a fRh c dh M ;RdG Gg Sb Y GkQOb 600 ``e ``a G k``MGh ``jo (14 15) ``bQ ``jd ``d ``jJ EG
-
e ,jd ``d eh ,``bdG WdG ``e ``e ``JJ ``H
.AGdG dG
776
S HPL ``SS OJ dG ``S HPL EG ;
S dG S Y AdG OGhQ Ea dd ;VQCG
789 dH ``dG eh , mG``e JJ ``a f ``Vh ``dG
.VQCG S Y fRh 1/6 a g fRh j
dH dOH ``b W``H .M d OdG jdG c GPEG ``e ,AG``dGh ,AG``dG ``dG ``K ``j ``a
.e se dEG d dJdGh
777
GPEa ,``H b dG ``jdG OY ``MG K ,``bdG ``dG
g c) vjOa OdG c GPEGh ,M dG a ,vLhR OdG c
(Albert j``jCG ``dCG ``HdG ``g I``a ``HG
a ``dG KCJ EG :DadG CGe VhCGh ,Einstein)
790 .ke M j a (ddG g a VdG .MCGh QRCG ,OQdGh UCG ,NCGh dJdG
778
.Qe f a d f KCdG g HPdG e
``dG E` a ,``U IQ``H ``dG ``jW ``Y
784
H J ``a ,Ue g c Q``e hQU a c GPEG
YdH J A``TCG g``Jh - ``f IdH VQCG JH
Y hCG YdG M GPEG .kFGO Rj ``S fdG 780
fdG Y f ``Y j fdG YdG E` a ,IMGh ``f
e ZdG Y ,VQCG ``S Y IM a c d c - ``f Y hCG ``YdG M GPEG .G``bCG I``gd ``dH ``HdG
.ATCG Hd YCG dEG M JJ dG g VQCG CG iNCG Ie ,I``MGh f Y ``j fdG YdG E` a ,``f
GPEG e ae ``dG e j ,iNCG edG Z ``ah Ea ,``ddG ``c ah .G``bCG I``gd ``HdG ``fdG ``Y
.Qe hQU a hCG VQCG S Y c IQH Vh ``j dG e jh``e Ye ``j G``g
j CG fdG YdG Y e ch .GbCG IgR ``M I``Xe
CG ``j ``dG ``LCG CG ``dG ``dG ``fj
dh ,e ``NCG ``LCG e ``SCG IQH ``J
791 dh ,dG d IXdG fCG e KG Y dG g BG
.G kHCG j
. kU d Gg CG jdG dG KCG
e vjOW ``SJ Y``dG CG Vj cd ``fdG ``Jf ``fb dG 12 dG
jh .dG e v` Y ``SJh ,(ddG g a RdG) IdG
:JBG dG Y dOdG Hc
j ``S HPdG Qb Ea ,jdG ``MdG ``e
a H ``gd Ie IQ``Hh ,d e ``g ``c
785
a = f/m
- ``f bdG ``J ``S MQ c Ea ,jdG
.dG g m h , IdG g f h ,YdG g a EG M ,AaL VQCG ``fc GPEG ,bGdG a .``bO HQCGh ``KG ``HGb
``M ``SS ``d ``dG ``LdG ``YHdG ``dG EG
.c hdG
781
``JGdG Q``dG ``Y ``j ``dG ``H ``cdG ``ehe EG NBG fdG dEG j S VQCG N e j AT CG Ea
HQ I``c IM fc ``dh ``M ``dG G``g ``eh ,(inertia) .dc bO HQCGh KG a a oJ dG QdG g aCG HLEG ;Q``e Lj
.H QCdG j CG hO e IMGh aZ a
782
cCG Ie 100 c ``d Ea ,IU IU e cCG I``e 100 ``J ``MG ``gJ ``j h ,A``aL ``d ``VQCG E` a ,``dH
.edG jg AdEG j K eh ,(JGP Qbh) .AGdG eheh
bS ``L c Q``J Ea ,AGdG ehe gJ eh Y LHh
.fdG/fdG a keb 32 g dG S e dH dEG bCG c d M ,VQCG ``S Y g e bCG
dG e j e g Lj fEa ,VQCG c ce
786
.J IOLdG dG e H KCJ AdE ba

1000 Game .indb 395 2/16/16 10:26 AM

 dG dG d 396

j dG e W c .c 50 a k dG J
KG nRJ dd ;f IdH fR Y SCG dEG
``SdG a e g c OG``YEG Pf a (``dQdG ``S) ``e
,dG jf iMEH JJ dG dQdG ``S :VdG
Y dG EG .``fdG ``dH ``Jj ``dG ``e ``Y ``dGh
Y SQJ dG IdG dh ,gh ``S j b ``dG e
OdG Y j ,bO Rh Y dh .M J GdG
.GdG Y ITe dG Hj CG
c) jhGdG a J dG ``dG g dG ``dG
Ib H cCG g (HPdG e e Sb j
fCG jC
k G j G``gh ,``dG dM Qh``S dG dGh HPdG
802 ICdG G``dG E` a ,I``U CG I``c ``fcCG AG``S
c dEG ``dH e e 0.5235 HGb ``J ``S
797 Ub ``V ,AG``dG ``ehe ``a ``NG ``d
dG ``SCG K .fdG dG ``SCGQ Y QdG e
792
,IdG H d bY Ggh ,a ICdG MdG e e e aCG Vh a ``Y d kN kfGQhO ``FYEG e ,``fdG
.hdG M dEG dH GkU dG f c dW .ke bQdGh fdG dG J CG j gY .dG AKCG a
IdG GdG dEG dH UCG t j Ga c CG e ZdG Y
.eJ IQH ZGdG ``e jdG g La ,``MEH IC` dG
.f RdG j S hU c
KDj S K ATCH AdG dG Z dG EG
798
803 ``S Ggh ,dG c ``Sh a ``Xe IQ``H
.dH Ve g c ,IOM jhGR Y e dG j gEG ``FGg Q``e a J I``FW a ``bO ``dEG 793
``J I``d R``dG ``Y ``dG ``j CG ``j
``dG Q``e J M IFdG Q``dG O``j .``a ``dG ``j
.GkQGSG cCG dG
- ``f IFdG dP a H - IFdG a ``L c C;``dG
.RdG GfG KCd Ice j KCdGh ,f dH J

a j CG ``dG e ``SCG a dG ``dG EG

e j ``S YCG a dG dG dh ,fe
794
.J dG dG
dG IdG e MG Ib SJ ;MG Ib g dGh
W``H ``j ``a ,G``H I``MGh ``fRh ``J ``S
,QRCG ``dH Jch ,I``MGh AGM I``c Vh ``dEG
799 Y ``dG V QGe h``J dG IdGh ,(``jOdG hCG)
dG ``SCG dG ``Y dG I``dG EG .``SCG ``dEG ``dG
``Nh ,dG AG``U G``c HQCGh ,``dG AG``N G``c ``Kh
c jC
k G ``dh ,a dG G``g Rh ``d h``J ``J dG
GdG d g MCG c GPEG .``SdG Y dG dJH Gc
dGh dG G``g H MG I``b EG .ba ``jdG ``HdG
EG .``dG e ``dG kFGO ``MG I``b ``S
kfRh ``j dG ``HPL ce ``Y ``HCG ``UEG
804 g QRCG c GPEGh ,``eGL 1510 R``dG ``j ``a ,``jOdG
dG dGh dG H MG Ib e cCG J e ``SCG
.Ggh ,1520 RdG j a dG
.hCk G UEG Gg ``j dd ;bCG MG Id ``Vjh ,``NCG Ea dd ;(``H ``J dG ``dG H) ``ba ``e ``dj
.g c AdG dEG j dG
M cCa ``cCG Rh M j ,``cdG e UEG ``j ``Hh Y AfEG ``S ,IOM jhGH YCG dEG ``S GPEG
e cCG ``UEGh eYdG ``H cdG ``MG ``ee ``j dP e H k ``S GPEG eCG ,Y G kH IdG ``j
800
dG ``g Y .``NBG UEGh ``dG ``H c``dG ``MG IdG QhJ Sh ,``ce Y A``fEG ``a ,e
k cCG jhGH
.YCG dEG Jj S KCGh cCG dG
795
dG dJ .fG a fdG UEG CGjh hCG UEG bj .gJG a dG JdG ``g GkQG``SG cCG t j ``dG ``JdG
OdG jh ,``fdG UEG ``Y dJ K ,``MGh ``UEG ``Y hCk G ,GkU dG c a ,SCG a ac cCG dG a j
.dG HPL ce Y Hj M UEG H kHjEGh kHgP eh ,e ``e a ``d G kM j CG ``dG ``e c
``dG E` a ,``dG ``dG ``e ``Ye ``a ,``dG G``g
,bCG kfRh hCk G ``j ``dG UEG ``j ,``dG ``e GkA``H
ah dG dG ``e ac cCG IQH ``j CG ``j ``UCG
cM g J dh ,cdG AKCG a Rh bCG J a jh
.SCG dEG j S jdG
.ddG g a dOJ
Ea ,Hh A``H ``SCG e dG ``SCG ``eY
Rh e c v ``j CG H ``dG e ``dG A``dG
796
j a ,N Y c 100 hCG 50 GRhCG sY GPEG
805 dG Y JdG e cCG j ``Y JdGh .``dG Ibh dG
``Sh .c 100 IAGb a GdG ``Sh A``T ``e ``MCG ``dG ``a Gv` L ``K Rh ``J ``j
Gg e E` a ,``SdG a Ve ``g ``c .h``dG
801 .hCk G j S dG dG Ea ddh ;dG
Y GkU jh ,``dG Y cCG Rh Vh Y ``dG ``JJ
.c 100 Rh aVEG .hdG VhCG a Ic IQH KDj RdG KCj ,JGdG QdG QhO JCj mFY ,IOM ``YQ e ``S GPEG
J ``YdG Ib Ea Yh ;jGdG a ``YdH b
k dG
``dG ``j ,``dG ``Y ``c 100 ``e ``cCG ``Vj ``eY dG ce dG Y cCG JdG j dG Gg eh ,dG dG dEG
GRhC` d jh``e ``SdG ``Y GAG``dG ``J ``Sh ,kc``S .hCk G jh dG
GdG Ea , keGL c 150 Rh ``dEG ``dH fCG H ,dG
.c 150 CGj S

1000 Game .indb 396 2/16/16 10:26 AM

 397 dG d dG

dG HPdG ce GP LCG CG g IYdG

GJG EG .cdG RGdG dEG ``dH kJK cCG g
813 .He MdG c
810 806
e QG``SH UEG j M ,jM cCG ``k be t j I``Y
d d jdG dG EG .dG HPL ce J AdG LCG
.(GQhdG ehe ``a ``dG UN) JGdG QdG e I``c
dG HPL ``ce j ``S ,GQhd ehdG ``g ``Hh
.cdG J AGQdG dEG UEG jd bdG d j e ,AH
J CG jh ,UCG JGP Qb d d IdG LCG
.d HSG fCG J e cCG YH

``j I``dG ``e ``jCG ``fdG

Rh ``H ``dG ``jW ``Y ``KCG
814
.NCG fdG Rhh MCG fdG 811
Y RdG j .``ddG c a ``f j R``dG
j eY .j Ggh ,Jjeh LLdG ``c
807
GQJ ``jW ``Y LLdG ``dEG ``fRh ``j ,AG``dG ``a ``HdG
.LCG cM Y LdG RdG QdG UHh ,AGdG

``Hu Qh ,``dP ``fh

u ,``LLdG ``b ``b ``b ,hCk G
``dPh ;3.14159 ``a ``bdG G``g ``VGh ,``HLEG
808
.IYdG Me Y d
JQG bh ,Y Y kSCGQ LLdG bGh ,FdG JQG b K
IYdG ``a ``dG ``VGh ,``k e ``bQCG ``g ``VCG .AG``dG
.c LLdG M Y d
a K eh ,``aM dEG ``UCG AfEG Q``U ``j
,NCG A``fEG EG .eJ IQH D` e j CG ``dG
815
De j CG dG a K eh ,bCG QU d ,WCG g H
g c GPEG .iNCG ``KK He a OhW ``KK R
``j CG ``Ha ,``NBG ``fdG ``e ``KCG ``fL
809
.cCG Ak e S UCG AfEG Ea dd ;a FL IQH
JdG j CG a ,fdG ih``J GPEG .JdG Y ``gMCG
OhW KdG ``Ye e .fRh ``j d dG KdG Oh``dG ``a
,fOCG ``Ve ``g c ,``dG ``NGdG ``dG t ` j
d FH IAe IU fGSCG oJ ,GvL k``H
816 KCGh .``NBG ``He a O``W c R ,``JdG ``Y ``J ``dG
``e Y jC
k G fG``SCG J .``Fe jhGH H ``a Gv` L 812 ``a , jh``e fc GPEGh ,a JdG j ``S H e
- FdG N e jT AH j Sh ,K dh U
.Rj d dG OdG a JdG
dG dEG fGSCG W e fd fK S HGb NCj
Y Vh a dG d j H K k ``dG jh .NBG
mGK ``Y Id- ``M .QY ``e AKCG ``a GY ``e RG``J
.HdG aW Y RGJ Vh a dG J -kjJ

1000 Game .indb 397 2/16/16 10:26 AM

 dG dG d 398

830 ``S ,M H ``SdG Ub ``eQ GPEG

fC ;``j CG hO e VQCG M jdG W Y
CG hO e QGdG a Sh ,AGdG e MG CG g d
.vYU Gkb Sh ,aVEG aO dEG LM
jdH VQCG M QhJ YdG ``JG QbCGh ``dG EG
.dG M cGdG H QhJ dG f
``MQ ``a A``TCG ``gJ ``dG GQ``dG ``Jf ``SEG ``SQO
e RG``dH ``jb ``WCG GPEG ``fCG ``gOe ``jdGh ,``ddG
,jdG a ``H c JQH jdG ``a H Ic I``b e ``aCG
831 Ga ;VQCG AfG e Sj CG fCT e GkQe j CG a
e eGY ``gJ GPEG ,VQCG ``M keJ A``TCG NCj Q``dG
b WCG ``H j dG ``dG Uh ``e hCG ``Jf c ,G``d
.d hb dEG IdG g LMG bh ,YU
827 j eY ,MGh bh a bdG V RL CG``HG
j ``eY .Y``H bG ,``dG ``FbdG ``bDe
817
,iNCG I``e dG ``FbdG ``bDe ``bG ,``HQCG ``FbdG ``bDe
HQCG dEG ``aVEG d e eQ I``MGh bO ``g ``S
.ec FbO N d FbO
GdG fc ,Ie hC bdG Gg cG Y
edG Y``dG g ``S ``d ee IdG
818
.jd kH c Y dh .(Hourglass)
edG j edG YdG YCG dG ce ,fGSCG b Y
``fL ``Y ``HdG ``LLdG ``JdG Y``j ``dGh ,b``j
.AGdG ehe a edG Y``dG LRh LdG H MG j .fG``SCG
``SE ``dG AdG dEG edG e j ``e j ``M ``fe
dEG JJh edG Y``dG QJ ``S a gY .dG ce
.YCG

dG Y c YdG H KCG GdG J d

HCG AdG a KCG GdG S dd ;dG
819
832 e bCG A``dG a kfRh ``NCG ``Sh ,FdG ``fCG ``e
.FdG fCG

.YdG QY JG a
820

.H dEG dH cj d ZdG c
821
.YdG QY JG a
822
dG Q``e ``e) ``TdG O``dG ``dG ``S
.`` keJ ``e O``d O``dG ``dGh ,(``dG
828
.OdG a ,TdG YS fc eh .YdG QY JG a
823
d dheh dG Gg a SdG e dG J
829
.edG VjdG e I``Te d jf ``S .YCG dEG cS HdG c
824
cdG e IMGh YS dEG LdG j :``H GdG dh
``HHdG CG ``j G``gh ,``Hd ``a (Y``S/c 5 Y``S)
.(YS/c 10 YS) YdG g N c 10 ae b .QdG dEG
825
,VjdG RdCG ``e Zh edG Y ``dG ,FGdG Hc ``a
``dY ``Y ``b (Martin Gardner) ``fOQL ``JQe h``j
(John Von Neumann) ``ef ``a L ``dG ``VjdG ``Sd Y``dG QY JH IQh``dG ``HQh IQhO ``H 826
dG HLEG ef bh ,M a dG Gg Y S dG hOQfd ``S hdG d Ea ,Q``dG bCG a
c fC ;eCG H GDdG W dG ``dG UCG ,d a .(LEONARDO)
.Ie HM dEG Cj CG eCj

1000 Game .indb 398 2/16/16 10:26 AM

 399 dG d dG

QhdG VCG HQCG JQG e LLdG ``SEG j

.fdG
840 C dPh ;``cdG a ``dG GP ``dG hCk G ``S
QH GQhdG h``J d fEa ,cdG ``a j ``dG
834,LQO 45 jhGH cdG a IdG Of CG d c GPEG
H iNCG KdG cQCG e IMGh a J a
833
Yd ``dh ,``SM IQ``H ``ac h``J ``JQG ``Ye ``S dG CG j Ggh ,adG ``e dH VdG ``dG
jGdG f ud ,cQCG CG ad ,GOGJQG e Ohe O``Y
VCG HQCG CG j e ,dG bh Ye e H ,YdG e ``dH K ``jd ``dG ``dG ``dh ,``H ``dP ``e ``cCG
KdG hGdG ``a .IdG ``dG e iNCG WJ ``f ch
.dG NGO Vj CG j edG bdG dh ,j``S IQH Y``S jJ fCG e ``ZdG ``Y ,Q``dG
dEG IQ``TEG a iNCG cQCG ``e a MGh C` j ``S ,``dhCG
dG ``e WCG Qh``J ``S fEa :``jC
k G j``S IQ``H ``J
GPEG .``dG jf ``a IdG ``H ``S dG ``g ``cdG G``g CG
Jf fb ``j ;dG ``Yj CG ``d ``j
a d hm ``e a OQ ``a ``d CG ``Y ``cd ``ddG
841 .iNCG
Qch ,IMdG ``HdG M YV ,``L dG C` eG
.dG g
ad I``dG dG G``g ``j .``JG ``a ``d ``ceh QG``dG dG .(3 Q``e) adG dG J ``S dG 835 IdG a ,(jOa-jOa) hdG OHCG fc GPEG ,Y LH
Ig dd ;dG Rh ``e cCG IdG ``g ;AGdG ``a ``dG jC k G dh ,(1 Qe) dG ``dG e g ``SCGdG ``a ,(jOa-LhR) OHCG ``fc GPEGh ,iNCG ``jhGdG ``a
.dG c ,iNCG dGh e Rh dEG aVEH IdG Mh .I``FdG W``SH ddG ``aCG ``cdG ``dG ``NCJ -LhR) OHCG fc GPEG .e IdG CGH dG dG Y j
g c ,IM ``cCG j dG E` a ,jOdG ``cdG Q``J .vjOa OHCG MCG j CG dEG SGh ,2 Y bG ,(LhR
``dG H Q``e ``a `` kLQCe h``dG ``S
`` oY GPEG d ,Y``dG QY ``Y OHCG ``KK
842 .(2) Qe a dG g c ,kY bCG dh ,3 Qe a dG

.YdG QY JG a kMQCe hdG j a ,SdG ``FGdG ``SdG ``UdG R``e ``ej CG ``j 836
Jh .``dGh a``dG a AdG I``T KDJ ``c ``YdG ``J a``e cdG ``dG Y ``j ``H ,``dG ``dEG
,dG QdG e cCG AH edG dEG dG QdG dG .FGdG SdG UdG Od ae Re jh ,aVEG
CG H ``dG eh .HK g dG AdG Y``H d bY Ggh
fdG e AL CHCG J cGdG SdG N e FdG IQdG
a ``KDJ ``HPdG ``e ``cCG ``g ;``YdG ``f
``c ``ce ``d ``dG ``e b``dG GQ``dG :``ddG
837
.dG IQdG e
GQhdG ``Y .dG R``dG ``H jQdG dG ``e ``dH
e VGe a hdG e JQU Y edG j eY .dG ``dG e ``SCG d GQdG jf ``a ``dG ``JdG
M kY N
k ``Jh ,k``J d iJ ,``f bdG a b
k ``S IdG Ea ,ddG Ic g N a ddG j ``dW
eYh ,``LQCdG e ``a d YCG KCdGh .``gOLh ``Y .ddG a Oa - Oa
a JQdG H ``dG C dPh ,dM ``SCG a hdG ``j
.YCG j MdG J Y ``S Hh ,dG a G kMGh Gke dG j
gY ,QeCG 3 dG ``Y d j ec `` kej
838
VCG J e j e IdG IdG JJ S
.UCG JQG
843 .dG dEG Y edG dG a dG j

J ea ;Xe bdGh aGdG IdG ``H Gg j .MGh bh a dG dEG GdG S

839
``H ``SCG Y``S ``dG I``dG ``J ,``VQCH ``JdG d dG JG a Ie Ic CG Y HPdG J
,V Y``H ``SCG dEG IdG IdG Jh ,``jdG I``dG ``e mRGe gMCG :``jY dEG I``dG M j .``dG ``jM ``a
,OGJQG H V Y``dH vjYJ d IdG IdG Jh W Y IdG ``J dG IdG .JdG Y OY ``NBGh ``Jd
.2V Jd cdG YdG j e Ea ddh ;``JdG dP W ``e ``Se J CG dEG Qh``J ``JdG
jdG IdG G``UG b 2V ``g c``dG Y``S fc GPEG .NBG Jh CG J f g j MGh Jh SCG dG bh
,OdG H 2V cdG YS J CG j Ga ,dH ``J GPEG :(Galileo) ``dL a``cG ``MCG ``HdG ``g ``M
I``dG CG ``j G``gh ,V Y``H ``J ``dG I``dG EG ``M jOdG IFGdG ``a f YCG e MGh bh ``a GdG ``jJ LhR -Oa

Y``S jdG IdG C ;3V Y``H BG J CG j jdG IFGdG e dEG ``J c GdG Ea ,``JdG f W ``Y
H d ``JQG bCG ,O``d f G``e K ``YJ ``b .f bdG a
.UCG JQG VCG J g OGJQG dEG YCG e Jh CG ``W UCG e bdG CG dL ``jf ``KCG
Gg d GvL ``e bWEG Y IdG Ve ``fRGeh IGP``e .e Y e
v j IFGdG e
JJ hCG fCG ``N e GdG g WG EG .``edG ``JQG
.KCdG Gg e Qb cCG Y dG e uoj Ke

LhR - LhR

1000 Game .indb 399 2/16/16 10:26 AM

 dG dG d 400

cCG Qh``e M GQhdG ``dEG dG ``LCG ``J

.(813 dG Y HLEG fG) ``JGdG QdG ``d
851 IdG . k``H ``v fe ``Hk He ``dG Qf ``j
b e `k `b cCG OdG ``dG M ``M ``a
847 dG VdG N e j hd VGdG GQh``dG
dG ``H bGdG ``dG a ``deh ,``J ``j
844
.fOCG e g c QhJ KdG ATCG J UdG gh ``aj ``MGh ,`` kMJe ``dG Q``f ``j ``eY .``dG (sin) L a kHhe YdG a LQO 15 hj AGSG Nh
J j ``eY dh ,dG Y ``fe a dG ``Y VQCG CG M N e EG ``dP ``J j h ,VdG ``N
e ``d dG Ch ,HJ c ``e a ``jOY ``dG .hdG Gg J QhJ
.dG ``W Y b k ``SCG dEG ``dj ``fEa ,``fe ``a BG
FdG ``dEG RGgG ``e j e j ``dG ``VfG G``g
edG bdG s` J ,HV c ``a dd ;RGgG ``Y ``d
.cM bW dEG
Y``d ``SSCG CGdG jC
k G ``dG Q``f ``LQCJ ``cM ``VJ
.dG hdG dBG :jdG OGLCG
.ce JG a GQhdH dGh - SdG CGS
OLh ``N e jhGdG ``aGdG I``dG ``Y ``ajh
852 Y``S Ea Yh ;e JG a Y``S g Y``dG 848
.QGSH gJG J H QGSH J IdG
.H j ce fGQhO
``ce ``f Q``J I``dGh ,Q``dG ``j Y``dG ``a ``J CG
``jhGdG ``aGdG I``d H``SGh !A``T ``j ``d
853
ce ``f ``j IFGO a ``j A``T CG ``bGdG ``a ,I``FGdG kHjEGh ``Hk gP LQCj ``dhdG CG ``gd ``dG
,be Z Gg hj bh ,edG e ``f IdG a
845
.VQCG WH dEG SdG aO hS d GkQ``e J IdG d j H Y``dG H Q``dG .IFGdG
.vjFGO .hdG GQP ``W ``Y a ``j h``dG ``LQCJ ``eR ``dh
``S IdG Ea ,Gkb hCG jWk LQCdG dP ``S AG``Sh
H dG dEGh dG H eCG dEG dG ``aO
.QdG dEG dG deEG a j idG
854 ``e H NBG JH J IdG Ea ,``dG ``c GPEG .f g
.dG J a IFGd ee
CG dG ``Y j ,``SdG ``jhd ,e ``Z hj ``b ``c :e fGd J hd jdG cdG
fdG Y hfh k dG e jCG fdG Y YCG dEG aj Ic aS ,WCGh jdG iMEG Y Ic SG 849 .hdG Ic Rh Y HdG Ie J .1
d QdG UN :fRGdG ``dH ``j ``S K ,``jCG MCG dEG Jc S GPEGh ,HdG dG a iNCG .hdG j dG adG Y IdG J .2
dG jhGdG JG a J CH deEG Ib ehe g QG``o dG .NBG dG e LS KG a ,WCGh fGdG
.hdG d HdG QdG e HdG Ie SJ .3
,``S hdG ``Y J ``dG ``LGQdG ``Yh ,I``dG ``d ?GdG J CG J g
b d j ``jhGR a GQhdH ``gQe CGjh ,deEG I``b h``J v``f Jc ``Jb ``Y Y ``L ``H G``UG ``j ,2 (L/g) g IMGdG IQhdG a hdG bj dG edG
QGhdG ``SdG dEG Q``dG dEG dG GQhO j .A``dG ``bj Gc G``UG Y .``KCdH edG ``e GvL I``b I``e ``N .HPdG e JdG QdG e g g h ,dG g L M
.dG e CG d ``j e ``SCG Y``dG OJ ,fhdG ``dY ``U fL dEG ``MdG ``dG g ``HPdG ``e ``JdG Q``dG Ch
``c GPEG EG ,``JGh Y``dG ``a ``J CG ``dG GQhO h``j ,IQhe Ic c ``dEG dG a ``KCdG bW jJ ``j ,``MJ ;cd HPdG ``Sd ``H jW g hdG E` a ,``dG
JG a GQhdG Y aJ dG Ea ,IOe jH aJ Y IMGh fK HGb a LQCdG ``S MGh e dW ha
.AGdG a LQCJh bdG J J jdG a IdGh
.QhJ fEa ,eCG GPEGh ,J fEa ,JQshO GPEG .f .gQGUEG J dG GdG OY Y dG H f g KCdGh .dG S Y fK 2.5 h ,VQCG

- ``S hdc ``S GQhdG j``S A``T CG EG ,bGdG a hm e a OQ a d :cd ddG Jf fb dG g VJ

KCdG Gg LGj e kdZ jQdG LGQdGh LGQdG F``S .JG a d ce h QGdG a d
``f dG e j hdG CG ``gd ``dG
IQH bdG OJ ``j ,dP e Hh k ,bdG ``e
846
.fRGdG ,gMCG j ``MCG H ah ,``jdG H ``H ``jQhO
IdG M SCdG V
850 .gMCG NBG bj kfMCGh
J IQGhO fG``SCG e JdG cd HPdG Ib
Jj eY .kc``MG ``a ,QG``dG Y ``jOY
855 ``cu Mh ``eNdG
eNdG I``dG CGJ H ``jv FGO
M NBG hdG dEG ``bW J ,dhdG MCG jJ ``Y
Ib Y dG ``MG Id ``j ,j H ``FGdG Q``dG h``dG ``bj ``jdG ``ah ,hCG ``LQCdG ``a ``v jQJ ``Jj
CG OHh ,``SCdG NGO GQhdH
.VQCG dGREG Y dG e fdG FS eh ,HPdG .jL e cCH AGLEG Gg CGj K ,hCG
,GQhdG ``a eNdG I``dG CGJ
.``dhdG ``Y ``JQG ``a CG``S
kj``S eNdG IdG QhJ eY
SCdG aQ j ,jdG a H
a ``J ``S .GkQa eNdG I``dG ``J dh ,``dhdG ``Y
.H UdG adG Ib J dM GQhdG

1000 Game .indb 400 2/16/16 10:26 AM

 401 dG d dG
he ``T Mh ,Q``fCGh ,jedG ``YhCGh ,Q``TCG .`k `b
.YdG fCG Y eCG c fG dG ,``dG dH kFGO ddG Gc ``J
GPEG ,bGdG a .bQdG J j``dG jf J d
,``j b fEa ,jdG a H IH ``dG HV
865 Quh``j dG AG``dG ``e ``W ``J I``dG ``a ``dG
856
.J d dG CG EG .RGJ dM a 3 h 1 JdG
861 dG e SCG j ``SdG AGdG e dG dG .IdG
.LdG dG hjh dG Y j dG dG Rh CGe ``j e Ggh ,``adG e jdG I``dG ``j ``e ,``dG
.dhdG dEG IH dG a .IFdG GW SSCG jCk G gh ,dfH
V I``b .``He ``S c ``a G``Zc 1 ``g AG``dG ``V
.``dG IO``jR ``e ``bj ``Ya ``NGO ``dG
Ya Ea Ggh ,gb f e v` Y ``Sjh
862 j dG a``dG f HGb fG ddG I``c fhe ``eh
- edG ``S e W 2.25 HGb - dG ``Y AG``dG
.ddG Ic f J CG
AGdG SS ,IdG e cCG NGdG dG e jd IU
Ad fe a IH dGh dG d j H jb J ``SH J ``Sh ,cCG YdG NGO dEG ``dG N ``e
.dG c d J dG fdG e S IdG YdG Ea -bQd- Ggh ,cCG YdG
.dG g a QJh ,cCG YdG
Y J fEa ,ke ``dG W``T aJ eY
Ea Gd ;H ``UdG GcCG H AGdG ``e ``dGREG
866 J dG KdG ``HdG Y eh `` keJ be Z G``gh
.ke jh dG WT Y j LQdG AGdG .fddG e KG f Y

dch ,a f c ddG a AGdG V OGOj

.LLR a OLdG OdG AGdG V j
867 dG

dGE j dG JdG
N G ``L ``N ``e .``H ``SCG ``ddG Qh``j ``S
857

,GdG e ``e c ``j LLdG NGO ddG ``M AG``dG Q``dG ``Y ``e ``u j ``S ,Q``U ``dEG ``YGQP
G d EG aj NGdG a
j ,ddG ``J dhM c .e d ``e CG ``Lj h d FGR e dH BG ``cj ``fRh ``e ``jdG C ;``L ``e ``JGdG
Q

NGO AG``dG V ``j M ``LLdG ``NGO AG``dG ``ddG GPEG .jhGdG Y``S a IO``jR g ,G``g Y ``jd .``cdG

V
.dP e cCG ddG J j fCG LQd ,Gkc Ie YGQP j CG j ,dEG ``dH GvL kj``S jhdG UCG
.FHE QdG dEG iNCG
AG``g ``V ``j Q``dG CG ``dfH CG``e ``j
Y dG ``dG j bh ,``dM e ``e k
868 .cdG bdG hCG ,cdG bW jd L cdG LCG
jdG :jeCG Y J Qhj AT e fdG cdG bdG
.QdG f afG
.H QhJ dG YdG ieh fRh jRJ a j dG
jdG a ``fc EGh ,IdG ``g e RGdG ``Y O``SG
AGdG .H JG a JdG ``S bGdG a
AG``dG ``e ``bCG ``V ``jd ``JdG ``H ``dG
869 eEG Q``b bdG e c ``cCG jd ``U ``a ;``cdG
Qe g L Ij``J e dG ``TEG EG M
.ke JdG aj e gh ,dG c ``S CG ``j Gg ,``e ``J ``dG ``jNBd 863 .adG e dH fRh e cj dd ;QhJ eY
dGh AGdG Y``S Hj dG dfH CGd ``H gH Gg .hCG
.IFdG GW SSCG jCk G g Ggh ,dG
.j dEG Jh dG Y IdG S
858
``f ``dG ``Y C ``S ``dG Q``dG
.W IMh 13 g dG W Y jW bCG
864 dG Yd h``dG LdG I``dG CG``J d .cM ``a ``fj
.JQG a e WCG dG a kbh IdG J
870 dEG G k``H IdG ``j ``dG eGdG Y``S ``J ``fC ;``NBG
;GkOU ``jW ``a AGdG ``ehe V I``dG ``J
Y Id dG bdG Ea Ggh ,QG``SH bdG J ddh ,(Coriolis Effect) djQc KCJ ``j GfG Gg .dG
JQG ``Y bW e cCG ``J YCG ``dEG jW ``a ``f g EG ``H .LdG ``dEG GQhO dM ``d ``dG A``TCH ``Jjh
bW) ``edG bdG CG ``Hh ,``SCG ``dEG jW ``a ``f ``VQCG C ;``dM ``j A``T c ``a ``k W ``djQc ``KCJ
j CG ``a ,``ddG ``c ``a ``f ``g (``YJQG ``H .QhJ f
CG j G``g ,cdG bdG ``VfG ``H bdG ``a ``dG ,IdG e Gg``j ``KG dG Y CG ``e ``ZdG ``Y
bdG e jdG NCJ ``Sh ,cCG AH J b``dG IdG .dGdG Y cJ IdG CG LQdG gdG Qa
.f adG d
S dG Ea Yh ,S d``dG Y H c
.jC
k G cCG
859
dG dG ``e GkObG ``cCG g ``YdG ``dG
dG e ``H bCG dW ``YdG dG .``b
860
WCG ``SdG Q``dG W ``M Y a ,b ``dG

1000 Game .indb 401 2/16/16 10:26 AM


,eCG dEG ``S 4 QdG a ,``gd dG
.jdG e a j fCG e ZdG Y
a .Q``dG ``jJ fC` T ``e ``U ``Y ``d ``aGdG I``dG
jd KCJ Ib jd dG g ,``SCG j dG QdG ,bGdG
JCJ YGdG cGd idG YdG ,vjH hj b c .cCG
e a I``Te QHEG Qd j .jdG ``Y jhGdG a
kLe ``dG c ,I``Te jdG ``Y d dd ;jdG
.(Tacking) JG J JGSEG g Jh ,kHjEGh kHgP
a ``f dG c ``a ;kU ``dG hj ``b
iJ c .dG a f dG c gh dG
j d c c a dLEG dG Ea ,YCG fdG SdG a
dG dEG A dG e dG adG da ;f jW Y
.A dG dEG B dG e f e dH j B
AL e j ``fEa ,AdG a ``UCG ``J eY
j ``UCGh ,A``dG ``e ``Jj ``dHh ,``e
,GdG AdG ``dP Rh RGj fEGh ,``a AdG e A``L ``e
``a AdG jj dG ``dG Rh eCG ,``SCdG Rh OGOj dHh
.UUQ fGSCG hCG kfdH j CG j PEG ;IQdG ee
1000 Game .indb 402
dG dG d 402
KCJ CG ``g ``j ``a ,``jdG Y``H ``j Q``dG c GPEG
dPh ;O``g j a c ,G``dG Nj ``bh ,G``dG ``a AG``d N e AGdG Qj H IFdG LCG uUo
880 .GdG dEG dH jQ OLh d S N e YQ``J e ``SCG dG ``S
871
``e ``WCG ``LCd ``dG ``dG ``j ``dG G``d ;``dG
C ,hCk G ;d QdG Y``S e j jdG Gg
jQ Y j Gda ;bCG GdG a jdG KCJ
878 .dG
dG e J IFGdG YdG EG ,dfH CGe a Ve g c
JG a ``d jdG KCJ Ib JG ,kfK .``jGhdG J ``a ``bCG
.adG ``J fOCG e ``aU Ib e ``j e ,``LCG ``a
.adG id VCG RGe a e g c ,QdG cM
.eCG dEG ``J gh dG a I``FdG Y aJ I``dG ``J
Ib Ea ,``eCG ``S e - F``S hCG RZ - Fe CG ``NGJ ``c IFdG Rh ``dLEG ,``MdG e ``a IFdG ``J ``eY
Ib a ;``a Gg ``dh ,``dG Y jOY ``J ``NGdG j ,fdG FdGh cdGh ObdGh IFdG ``j dG
dh ,G``dG Lh jdG HV GPEG Y ``S e UCG adG dG adG IH ``dP Y J IFdG ``d .``SCG dEG I``FdG
881 Gg ,QdG cM JG W Y IdG ``e a AL LJ ``j .dG a AdH d J
NBG dGh ,``eCG dEG QdG aj ``dG ``SSCG dG g
.QdG LJ g WH Ic YH J J dhdG ``J Ic Rh N
872
dG dEG J M ddG IdG j e ,HCG GdG ojh ,A``dG ``jJ ``j ``eY ``dh ,``HdG A``dG ``a
.jQd kjRGe j H GdG oj eY kWV ``J F``dG cM ;I``c IQ``H I``dG ``W ``j
.HU cCG IdG WSH AdG MGREG Jh ,YCG
jf iMEG ``NO e dG AGdG ``j ``eHEG
AGd ``J MdG ``fCG jf ``H ,``fCG
873
Rh j .fdG Gg Y SCG dEG AdG Y Jh ,NdH
G
d
G idG IOY hO j e AdG Y ``SCG dEG ZdG AGdG
.dhCG RGdG be dEG
.Rh d AGdG CG Y H gH Ggh
jdG
edG H YGdG cd Y VY c jj ``fC ``dG j ,``SNQCG CGd ``k ah
eY dG J d dd ;fRd jh``e AdG e
874
adG Ib J ``M ,cCG Y``H J CG ``feEH
fEa ddh ,``jdG cM Q``j G``dG C ``cCG
879 dG AdG ``M e J CG ``Y j ,``Y ``dG ``Vh
.dG Rh hj
,jdG Y``H j QdG c d ``Mh ,jdG a ``Jj ``d AdG Mh ,A``dG e ``ac cCG ``g ``fdG ``dG EG ``M
CG j Gdh ,G``dG Y jdG ``e V g G``j ``fEa ,Jh AdG a dG J ``eY .dG M e cCG G``dG
idG Y``S dEG QdG j ``Sh .jdG e ``SCG j .AdG e a H UdG dG jJ fEa
,dG jdG Y LdG LdG IdG - AGdG j eY NGO dEG dG e dG dJ eY ,AdG ie j Gd
.GdG IGhH k sLe -YUG jdGh
882 .VdG
YUG jQ
QdG cM H
,dG dG P Y``H dG AGd j
M Y``H YCG ``dEG ``adG AG``dG ``e O``Yh
875
W jQ
HJ CG O``Hh ,``dhdG ``J I``c e R``dG ``N ``L
AGdG i``d ``cCG ``LQdG ``dG E` a ,``fL ``dEG I``dG
.SdG dEG LdG Y gj
dG jdG a ,e V e AGdG e QJ ``j
.ke GdG
876
YGdG cd Y VY
fc GPEG .Y``dG a Gkec 40 Y``S H j
dEG UdG j ,0 QdG Y AdG MG i``b
877
.cCG dh ,jdG YS
2/16/16 10:26 AM
 403 dG d dG

e AdG hN YS Y J AdG Me S
Ud AdG bj dG bdG a Hhe dG
893 .b e c c dH j AdG ie EG
887 d AdG e j e g dW dG S
``dG ``d j .J AdG c .keJ H
883
dH hj L L WSH GdG AdG Rh
e YdG IOjR C ;e cCG jd ShCG dG .hdG dEG Ie j ``fEa ,dG ``L hj ``eY .``dG ``dG Rh e bQ W O``H hCG dH `` kWe c GPEG ``e ``fj CG
OGOj M a ,(dG V ``H) dG d HdG QdG .GdG AdG M Cjh Ae dEG iNCG .ddG ``a ``f g ``dG ``L ``Y A``dG ``V .A``dG
YCG g JdG G``g .``dG M``d HdG QdG e bdG M IOjR dH A``dG a dG L M h``j CG ``j .AdG e fRh jJ CG dG Y j ,d
.jdG e f Y .G kL d SJh L dG AdG (Mount Palomar Q``edH Ue ``L a CGdG G``g ``oj
j vje ``v W 550 ``fRh ``dG ``dG ``M ,Obserratory)
``J ``bQdG E` a ,``He ``LLdG ``J ``eY
NGO AGdG M J dEG ODj ``fG Gg .`k `b
888 .dG e bQ IOSh Y dH

a J CG ``aGj ,(Boyles Law) ``jH fd ``k ah .``LLdG .IdG IQhQdG S

Gg ``e CG ``g vM ``gdG ``j e .``dG ``a ``J ``dG
c
m bdG ``a fG ``Y j e dG ``a ``dG ``dG dG IOjR dEG ODj Ic LLR Y dG .c gJG
.fG e AdG eh dG e j e d
``S j dG ``a Qh``dG ``dG CG ``dEG IQ``TEG Q``Jh
.kjJ e LLdG J eY dG
.``dG Y ``dG ``Ho ``Y ``adG Y``S ``J
dd ;jdG c ``dEG ``dH G kMGh ``j ``dG
884
``a ``SdG F``dG ``Y ``KDdG ``dG ``j
.Jh We IdG IQhQ``dG a AGdG Ya .AdG ``Y
dG ``dEG J fEa ,I``dG IQhQ``dG ``a AdG ``JQG ``ch
LLdG Y ``b J Y .``cCG j AdG ``V ``M
Ve dEG IdG IQhQdG JJh dG jJ j ,IdG
889 .UCG

``e Q``dG ``S

894 .f YdH JQSdG c e AdG j S M AdH kSCc CeG
``He ``T ``J
885
``e G``gh ,``dG
(Coanda G``fGc ``KCJ ``j j ``VY ``e ``jd G``S 6 hP ``dG
``KdG Q``dG ``We ``dLEG ``VCG ``KK
890 a ``dG ``V ``K ,``adG ``a
``YCG ``a ``dG ``S ,``dG
.Effect)
A``fEG j ,dG dG ``Y .SCG Ge K j S dd ;IdG ,``SdG ``a BG ``gh ,``f
eY ``V J``Shc I``b .g Sh
dG I``dG ``gh ,B` jL Q``j
.AGQdG dEG ddG QdG aS
891
.``k e ``jdG ``S ``dEG ``J dh ``dG dG ``Y ``v a ``adG Y``S ``JJ .SCG J IdG dG Gb
886
,(Van Der Waals Force) da jO a Ib ``j ,dG Gg AdG j ?IFGdG Y``dG gJ jCG .IdG ``J eY j ;``VQe ``Jd ``J b``dG G``dG
fL Y FG``dG ``J GPd MCG ``e c a ``dG ``gh N iNCG I``e AdG ``aj .GkOU ``adG jW ``Y Y``dG ``dG ``e ``SJ AG``dG ``ehe .AG``dG ``eheh ``HPdG
.fdG a HfEH hdG e H k SCdG YCG ``dG dEG JQG dG ``dG e dMh QdG AdG KCdG ,``jGdG a .Y``dG e OGOJh ,Id ``VdG
.b
k kYJQGH ``SCG J IdG Jh ,GvL GkU j AGdG ehd
M AGdG ehe OGOJ ;YdG OjORHh .HPd HdG IdG
j dG A``dG ``Mh ,Gv``e A``dG ``aJ c GPEG
AdG M Ea .cCH QdG W Y kHK ``jJ
895 QdG AGQh GkN kHGVG J ``SdG GQdG g e
.jdG QfCG ah``dH VQJ AGdG ehe I``b H Ic Y``dG ``J
H ,QdG ``e e ``e CG Y ``j CG j ``fK ``d ``f Y``H ``dH I``dG CG``J ``dG ``J ``e .``HPdG I``b
b``dG AdG Y``S OGR c dh .``dGh dG dP a .FdG YdH j a ,IMe
Qd VdG dG j ,HPdG e JdG Q``dG ``H e g dG I``dG M e ``Sj H HPdG I``b OGO``J
.QCG a AGdG ``ehe ``cGJ iNCG ``Mf e ,``JFGO ``b ``f
f jj ``ch JFGO ``b f ``He gh ,I``dG ``e
e bCG ``fCd cdG ``jdG ``a AG``dG ``V
``a ``NG G``g EG .``HdG ``jdG ``a ``dG
896 KG aVEG ``Y GkQOb c ,``dP dhM Ie ``NBG
892 AGdG ehe Ib e ``SCG OGOJ HPdG Ib Ea ,IdG b
.j CG b AdG e ec SCc dEG g Nh CG b Ff Y``S bCG dEG IdG J CG j Ggh ,d
a AGdG j M ,``fCG a AGdG jL dEG OD` j ``dG jd c d c ``j fEG . mY ``S JJ Y A``dG ``j .AGdG ehe cQJ
.fCG GQL Y Qhe AKCG hjh ``NGdG ``dEG ``dG G``g ``j .``S ``Y ``e ``L
Gkc kNfG Q``j CG j AdG e ``SCc a ``d .``dG
Rh Yj CG j dG JdG dh ,aM Y aj CG b
He e f bM I``T Vh GPEG .dG ``LCG
H d ,(dG) a k Id CG a ,AdG e SCc S
.dG JdG e YO H dh dG

1000 Game .indb 403 2/16/16 10:26 AM

 dG dG d 404

SdG Y HdG
904 ,kM UCG j dG E` a ,GvL Ic ``dG C
fc GPEG dh .``Se Z dG a dG ``dh
900 B h A ``jhGdG ``J ``eY ``bCG ``j Q``dG
``SfG g Ggh) .``fOCG ``e ``g ``c ,jh``e
897
S
a ,HhZ b ``bCG hCG Y``S e ,dG ``S e jhGR a ``dG Qj dG YGQ c GPEG ,bGdG ah .(IBGdG eCG f AdG
.H dP e cCG dG j CG a ae Y dh dG V e NBG fdG Y fc HdG CG
``d Gg ``dh ,``jRGe ``dG ``d A``dG ``TCG ``J ``b dG dEG Ud dG ``g J kcGQ ``j a ,e IMGh
MdG QM
Ob
Ea ,``dG e cCG AdG Q``e c GPEG .IQh``dH `` kU .fM hd dG
.UCG j (AdG Qe Y OY m ``e ``S Y) dG
.cCG dG ``S G kPEG ,``dG e UCG A``dG Q``e c GPEG
adG fc GPEG OdH kSe GkeCG dG a dG oj , keY
SCG
AH .Ic dG H

``J ``SdG ``H .``LQO 15 ``jhGdG ``S

.OHCG J j eY
901
,jfa 20 IQG``M LQO Y ``fC ;AdG AYh ``a
. keJ AdG j
905
``e ``g ``dW ,IBG``dG ``Y ``H i``e ``j
902 .VdG NGO dG JCS ,AdH AYdG CJ c
898
f Y ``dG adG e - ``dG ``JQH .dG OGdG N e Y``H AdG j
J CG ``H .AdG ``TCG jhd I``MGh jW ``J
.jGe Y jhJ
906 .IBGdG a XdG dG Y JQG eY .AGdG Y j e cCG LdG hCG AdG Y AH j
fEa ,e (YS We) e KG H OhM Y AdG j
TCG j .QfH JG a dG Gg jh .JG j
f .OGdG e KG AdG f a (e) fCch hJ AdG
JQG
JQG

iNCG Ie j a ,AdG S dEG Y e AV j eY

CG QJ ,``j H ``j Y EG ``M dh .``Y ``f
a dG ``e ``e HCGh ``YCG g ``dG ``dG ``e Bm G A``dG
.bGdG

``ffdG ``SdG ``dY (Euclid) ``SbEG ``SQO

903
``gQYH ``dG `k `jW ``NQDdGh A``dG ``aQ
O``Y h``M h``b i``e ``Y ``dh .`k `e Gk` eCG
907 a j A``dG CG Lhh ,jCk G ``jdG ``jdG
SSCG fGdG ASQEH b h ,e N W Y GdG
IBGe G``SG e Hk .dP ``N KEG ``dG e ``b :Sfd
IBGdG KCJ SNQCG C` fCG U``TCG ADg b ,bY IMGh .SfG N e aGj TCG S N
jH UQ J IU cY e c OY GSH IdG ``SdG ``a) .``SfG ``jhGR h``J ``dG ``S ``jhGR
.U .(B jhGR = A jhGR ,fdG
``dG ``TCG cH Gebh dLQ ``SNQCG U d M dh
.dG bCG Y kFGO AdG j
GdG TEG vFja dG e c g ,fehdG ``dG Y
?dG a
O cd ``jd QL ``fdG dG ``dY i``LCG 1747 ``a
ke``e ``HJ (Georges-Louis Lclerc de Buffon) ``aH
``jdH ``dH ``U .``jOY ``e ``e IBG``e 168
a``e Y ``dG e b ``TEG Y GkQOb ch ,dG IBGe .bGdG a S dG EG
899
fc .H Gg e bCG RcG``S Ae ch .``k jJ ``e 100 A``dG ``TCG ``J CG ``Sd ``j ``dG QG``dG
.VQCG e Gke 20 e bCG HQ fehdG dG H AdG Y``S ``a dGh ``LdG AfG ``e c ``Y ``j
``SGh ,1973 Y a Ke HJ ffdG ``SdG iLCG g LdG dEG AdG ``e AdG Y``S a dG .LdGh AG``dG
kjJ Gk` e 80 H Y QhR ``Y ``dG ``TCG cd IBGe 70 AdG ``J ``SdG Ea Yh ,``LdGh AGdG ``H ``e ``bCG
IQH jGdG U J CG H b mGK Z a .W``dG e .Gkc IQdG sJ d Yh ,f IdH
Ie ``jGdG J ``fc .QdG ``a G``dG ``dfG ,``U
.jGdG g e U b SNQCG CG LdG e dh ,b k

1000 Game .indb 404 2/16/16 10:26 AM

 405 dG d dG

IQH fG .``dEG J c dG dG ``k FGO ``fEG

jdG IQd HjEG KCG iSh ,dG a HK
915 a uMh ``dG ``dG ZCG ,``J ``TGa ``d
,e a``e e .i``dG ``dH AG``dG ``dG
912 .QeCG KK
908
QH IBGdG ``J N J dG IBGe ``a b IQ``U
d .WdG Y IdG jOedG dG gh dEG ODj ``dG jh ,``J CG ``TGdG ``Y ``J ``dG I``FGdG ``Y ``j 3 CG .5 + .5 + 2 b IQU j CG .QeCG 5. :IBGdG eCG gH
jdG edG Ea ,H CG a I``Te J CG dhM GPEG eh Le ``g ``TGa ANG .e k ``d ``dG ``j CG J IdG IBGdG AGQh a``dG dd ,Ic IBGe eCG ,QeCG
- ``jdG IQ``dG ``KCG ``J ``jDhQ ``e ``ce ``e I``jdG .d .IQdG TCG a
.jOedG dGh (Blind A``dG dH ``J I``gX dEG ``gdG ``dP ``Ljh
``J CG ``j I``MGh ``k Y CG ``MdG ``XCG ``bh .Spot) dG 13 dG
``MCGh ,``MCG h``dG ``Sj QRCG A``dG
.QRCG hdG Sj
916 M``e Y jH ``e LJ .cCH dG ``dG hdG a c hJ CG j H UdG FdG bH
909
dG ``a Nj ``dG ``dG ``a ``dG ``a ``e 1.5 ``f `` kSCGQ dG b dG QNG j .``fOCG
.dG a dG
Y GvL Fe ``jhGH dG Y I``f AdEG ``Y 917 .e hJ IOdG sdG j e ,Y Y
HGdG ``M hCG ``ddG ``dG ``j ,``dG ``jg ``JG ``W ``j ,edG dEG ``dG ``e e Z IQ``TEG ``J ``eY FdG hL
dGh ``jdG GKCdG ``g Jh .``ge ``jH ``Yc ``T a AdG dG ``g e ``d ``H YGb ``edG
5 4 3 2 1 IOdG sdG
.GvL IU jGhR a N e Ye hCG N WJ Y edG ``j ddG ``g a .Fe ``J CG j ``dG ``dG
1 1 1 1 1 fGL KK Y fe se
Cjh MGh e N fCG jh ,AGOS N e KG H
jdG ``H ``j edG CG ``e ``ZdG ``Y .I``dG ``g 10 6 6 3 6 KG fL Y fe se
j M ,eH``S e keJ ,bQN jDhQ ``jd
``N ``e W``H j``dG ``HQh I``dG ``jJ
918 e AfE ndG J GSG j kfMCGh ,dd e d MGh fL Y fe se
19 12 12 3 12

IQdG a dG M J CG g a ``Y e c .a ``dG .jdG dG e ,d e fe Z se

6 0 1 0 7
.IH ae e
36 19 20 7 26 dLEG
dP ``Hh bO I``d ``MCG ``FdG ``a ``jdG
jJ IQ``U i``S .adG b ``Sh a ``fG
913
919 .dG a - NCG FW - gh Se ,4 .ae ,3 .He ,2 .Ie ,1
910
e d MGh - ``dG a dG ``e e GfCG ``KK ``g
J j IQdG g W a MCG .QRCGh NCGh MCG
.MCd dG Sd bDdG dGh ,AGdG ``dG
,QRCG hCG NCG AdG e dG ``j ``dG Gg EG M
H J ``Y .``SM cCG GdCG J ``e ``J
AGdG J``e j dG KCJ ,jOedG ``dG ``dEG
eN AGdG ``dGH ,dY IQH ``SM AbQdGh
.AGN fCc kbDe jOedG dG iJ ddHh -
jdG ``dG CG ``dEG IQ``TEG g Q``dG ``Ho ,Q``NH
.f dG e dG jDhQ e ge UCG jd

e Id HCG fMh OSCG SQdG a jdG

.dG ``Y jOedG dG ``a dG ``K ,``bdG
914
.OSCG M Y HCG kSQa ia ,jJ IQU SfG iS

.5 bQ ,FGhdG fCG ;7 bQ ,dG ;9 bQ ,dG

911
``dG i``MEG W``SH ``gdG ``dG ``SG
Y a ,LGNEG ``e J d GPEG .dG ``SQM
.Y iMEG ZCGh IQdG e MGh e H
920 ``j - ``de G``N I``dGh ,GkRh``H ``cCGh ``HCG ``jdG
``b dG jdG ``dG e e 120 e ``cCG ``g .Jeh (Mller-Lyer illusion)
FSdG J - dG NGO dG T Y bdG QdG
hCG ,f ``f a ``YdG ``dG Q``U ``Y ``J -
.dG MdG hCG ,H dEG J SdG TT

.YQdG e e N a 5 bdG
921

1000 Game .indb 405 2/16/16 10:26 AM

 dG dG d 406

dG 14 dG
931 IQdG b ``Y IOdG dG b O``jEG ``j
.Y Y kSCGQ
922
.(dG dG) 11 e - 1 dG
928
.(Y) 9 e - 2 dG
.(Y) 13 e - 3 dG
.(Y) 5 e - 4 dG
.(Y) 7 e - 5 dG
.(eeCG dG) 16 e - 6 dG
.(eeCG) 8 e - 7 dG
.(eeCG) 15 e - 8 dG

.a G ke Y KG j fOCG dG dG
929
e ae e e f H dEG j eY
Md I``dG e``HG dEG ``dG ``j ,``k jJ
923
.GdfdG

932

N e F``dG ``e dG G``g ``d ,``e ``fEG

933
CG ``jJ ``j ,C` dGh ``HdG ``N ``e
j dG ``dG GQ``dG e dG ``YdG
930
dG hCG (kWJ 26 `d) 4 h 2, 3 ,(``k WJ 27 ` `d) 3 h 3 h 3 ``JJ .(6) bQ g dG dG .(2 3 9) g KdG 924
``H ``S .O``HCG ``KdG ``dG ``dEG ``dG ``Ye .(1-8), (4-10), (7-5) ``g GhRCG
e A``fEG Y ,dP e H k .e kFGO GdGh ``jGhdG - -
.(kWJ 24 `d) 5.2.2 e fOCG fOCG dG j dG
a d ,fOCG Ve g c OHCG FK kLdHW d ae
.dG ae
Y L ``J ``SCG a dG a h``dG
e j ``SfG ,IQdG ``g d .aCG ``XJ
925
C jG
fCG he IQdG C ;``cCG GQh``dG GQOEG ``jh .``LQO 180 ``gjhJ
AdG
.H e jfEG c J GJ

:bGe KK e MGh a J CG j HHdG

926
fdG ``Yh ,hd ``LQdG ``fdG ``Y .1
.gJH dG OdG
.SCG a ,hd LQdG fdG Y .2
.HdG VQCG a ,NGdG a .3
A jG
B jG
fCG he fCG he .Y Y kSCGQ IQdG bG a
927

1000 Game .indb 406 2/16/16 10:26 AM

 407 dG d dG

S g ,jGdG a eOdG dG dG e C
.fdG JdG a ``JCJ CG dG e e ``N
942 W GPEG .``fOCG ``dG HLEG i``MEG ,``JCj ``a
IMGh Ieh IMGh Ie ``S c RJ CG e dG
937 ``e ``WdG ``e O``Y CG ``dEG I``FGO ``J ``j
.IdGh QLdG G``SH jhdG MdG
934
fdGh - dhCG e dG Ye HQCGh KG e ``d !e
k j b fEa ,a eh ,HdG jhdG bCG e OY dEG dG b WH
a JCJ CG dG e e N ``N g ,dG bGd .e g c ,FGhdG fCG SQG dG J
Ye 210 CG ,7 6 5 ``g CG j G``gh .``ddG ``cdG fj-j .jdG g GaY jdG dG VjdG A``Y
.dG e e .dP Y e (Yin-Yang)

943

.IjdG dG MCG
938

IQ``e ``Z h``dG ``KdG ``YdG O``Y

``Ua CG ``j G``gh 26 25 24 = 15600 :``g
944
.0.0064% 935
.UCG dG Me K g AGdG dG
945
.OhCG ADg e bCG Y KG g j CG j
946 TCG H NGJ dG jdG Y ``e FdG
939
dGREG ``j ,A``T c H .cCG ``TCG ``e ``UCG
IMGh jW g dd ;AbQdGh AGdG WdG e NGdG
:``dG ``dG ``jW ``Y G``dG O``jEG ``j
.(456976000) CG,26 10 10 10 26 26 26
947 H dG ``ae gh AbQdGh AG``dG WdG ``fQd ``S
e dG Meh UCG TCG e WdG Me e
.cCG dG
J GPEG .G``dG e G k``ja kLhR ``Y ``N ``g
GhRCG Ea ,(A, B, C, D, E, F) ,e k ,GdG eJ
948 .jhe AbQdGh AGdG WdG :(r ) FGhdG2

2
(AB, AC, AD, AE, AF, BC, BD, BE, BF, CD, CE, :``g ``dG .cCG g AbQdG dG :(a ) HdG
.CF, DE, DF, EF) 2
.cCG g AGdG WdG Me e :(a /4 3) dG
.BG M Lh dG aCG dG g Gg
936
``dG ``fdG ``dG ``fdG ``YdG ``J
Ye dGh ,9 dEG 1 e e bQCG KK AfE
949 ``N) ``e jQ``S CG``SCG ``dG ``a ``NCd
940
,(QRCG MGhh AGN N ,AGU ``N ,AGM
.15 .kS Y S S Y j

dEG j ``e ``d NGJ CG dG ``d ``jh

.e IY J
941

1000 Game .indb 407 2/16/16 10:26 AM

 dG dG d 408

953 GkAL UH HQCG bQCd Y dG aGdG g

Ye ``fKh ``S e ``fe cCG ``Ye ``e
950
.34 Ye dG 16 dEG 1 e GkAH ,OGYCd e aGJ

.d edG FGhdG OY H IFGO c d Osoj

954

j fhdEG ``dBG ``fEG ``TT Y A``L c

3 hCG 2 hCG 1 :I``MGh ``fN ``e ``fe `` kebQCG ``j CG
957
e fe bQCG ``KK J fCG ``dH jh ,``ZQa ``cJ hCG .Ve g c GdCG HQCG dEG f
951
:IMGh fN
3h 2h 1

:(de) fN e fe e bQCG J
33h 32h 31h 23h 22h 21h 13h 12h 11

:fN K e fe ke kbQ hYh S h

h212 h 211 h133 h 132 h131 h123 h122 h121 h 113 h112 h111
h 321 h 313 h 312 h 311 h 233 h232 h 231 h 223 h 222 h221 h213
333 h 332 h 331 h 323 h 322

.kbQ KKh J dG d
:JBG dG Y dH Gg M j
3 + 32 + 33 = 39
.Ve g c a GdCG KK dEG f
955
; keJ jhe M``dG CG ``SQZa jf cDJ
958 fK
952
``edG ``JFGdG ``HQ ``b ``f ``a
d JdG ``Y NBG kHQ Hf ``K ,H Fb ``jhGR ``fu j
.jhGdG FdG dG

956

1000 Game .indb 408 2/16/16 10:26 AM

 409 dG d dG

dEG aVEH O``d ``dLEG bdG ``j CG ``j

,1 He ``UCG ``jC
k G h``jh ,``k He ``k bQ G``dG
966 963 e ``jW I``Y ``N LJ ,``Ve ``g ``c
.WCG HQCG a cdG e b HQCG jRd
959
.9 11 + 1 gh ,11 V UM FGR

960

GG
964
OY OY OY OY
1 2 1 2

GhRCG OY dH ``J bQCG e ``dG g

hCG e GkA``H ,``T c J dG ``fGQCG ``e I``jL
961
.376 g GhRCG e Ea Gd ;jj T a dj jL hR

hG YdG j jCG dG ``e ``a hCG hdG a iJ c

M dCe) J dC` dG d LPdG HLEG
jW H``J bQCG IQhO jW C ``dPh ;(O``dG
967 .6 bQ j eY HS fdG YdG C ;5 bQ

Zh O``e ``Z ``fEG ``M ;``YdG A``KCG ``a O``dG ``M ``jGJ OY OY 962
1 2
;jW I``d ``S 26 bQ M ``bQCG ``e ``jv CG s``d h .h``e
34h 11h 22h 7 :``JBG bQCG Y 7 ``bQ e GkAH ``S ``M

.Ggh 4 h 1h 2h 4h 8h 16 h 5h 10h 20h 40h 13h 26h 52h 17h

a 232 h 9 ``bQ dEG Ud I``dG MQ 27 ``bQ CG``j ``g ``e
1-4-2-1-4-2 M ``dEG j .J b 77 bQ ``MdG

ah ddG M c bQCG oNG dh ,111 bQ MdG a

Vj CG kFGO dG e fCG iJ CG j fdG hdG a
.IdG dEG J dG jf
.9 bQ
1
/9 hCG dG e MGdG gdG HdG Me J
fK M``e J .QRCG ``Hd ``UCG M``dG
968 965
A``bQdG ``HdG M``e 1/9 ``fdG ``dG ``e ``gP ``He
Lh .``UCG M``dG 1/9 ``J ``f g ``dG ``k M ``UCG
(1/9) e c Me J vgP kHe HQCGh S ddG dG
3

:dG f j .QRCG Hd UCG MdG e

1 1 1 1
1 + 8 ( ) + 8 ( ) + 8 ( ) + . . .
2 2 3 3 4
9 9 9 9

J S ,jdGh ``edG d H``dG dH b GPEG

``HdG M``e ``e ``k jJ %95 ``J ``gdG ``HdG CG
jGJ gdG HdG M``e CG VGdG e .UCG A``bQdG
dG dEG J d dh ,UCG HdG e %100 e J h
.edG

1000 Game .indb 409 2/16/16 10:26 AM

 dG dG d 410

he ``Y c e kjJ I``MGh Ua LJ ``fCG ``dP ``jh

dGh ,IMGh I``c Y ``S dG HQCG jOdG CG ``a
n
n!/n :g ,dCdG d edG
974 Y RhH H hCG ``dG j CG ``j ,YCG ``e s ` oY
,e 1/2n Oj e gh ,ITe e SCG dG dG
969
1
/12 h 1/10 h 1/8 h 1/6 h 1/4 h 1/2 ``dG ``dEG ``dP O``jh
,aCG QNG ``jd ``S hCk G jhdH j ``e
``dG Ea ,jhdH ddG ``dG j ``eY
980 1 1
(0.62, 0.71, 0.83, 0.10, :Q``eCG ``e ``JCj ``e ``gh , / h / h
16 14
1.358 ``dLEG Rh``dG ``j ``K ``eh ,0.125, 0.167, 0.25, 0.5)
,ddG dG S 3 bdG C ;51% H Y RS hCG .dG b be e b k bCG - e
bdG dh ,(3.33) mY jhJ Se ja fdG ``dG eCG
.56% H fdG dG j hCG dG id 3

981 ``J ``H ,``Je G k``MGh GDk ` S ``e c

v C` SEG
GD` dG .d dG ``HLEG ``ae ``e G k``cCe
975
je a fCG g ,Qc K ?``Sa ``S je a fCG :g (e) k
:JBG dG YKdG HLEG S ?Sa S
(f-f) :OdG
(-) :PdG
dY I``Ve ``N dG G``g ``dEG ``Y ``M
(f-) hCG (-f) :HG Raymond) d``S ``fjQ ``dGh ``VjdG 970
C` j CG ``dG Y CG ,HLEG ``a ``g ``Vh ``c .(Smullyan
MGdG O``dG a LhCG ``Kd ``e ``e ``cCG EG
``cdG E` a ,``Yh ;(4+5+6=15) CG 15 ``j
976 dG Hh (?Lhe fCG g) : kH GDk ` S JdG iMEG
``f ``KKh ``S ``a ,``H ``V GO``f ``eoj ``eY ,(40) dG LhCG e d KdG OdG QMC dG Ga (f) :IdG e HLEG ``fc GPEa ,dGD` S Y J Y
Of Rjh ,D Of He C O``f Ff fOCG hdG ``j ,``e dG ``dG e d (11+14+15) hCG (12+13+15) :g eCG .AHY HPdG d ``Th Lhe bOdG eEG CG j
OjEG jh ,Ie IY KG D Of Rjh ,Ie jYh kHQCG C .(11+14+15) :g HLEG dd ;M MGh Of a 13 Y AHY bOdG ``eEG CG ``j G``a :I``dG ``HLEG ``fc GPEG
B Ofh ,B Of He A Q Ofh ,A Of He D Of e He Ff ``HLEG ``e CG ``N ``a .``Lhe ``HPdG ``d ``Th
feEa ,N Qj dG OdG Y dG H ,A He .dG dG Gg S
N QNG GPEG D O``f hCG) GkQa Q``dG Y dG O``dG Q``NG
.Ge K UCG e Je RSh ,(A Of bQ dG ``adG dEG V c ``f W``H j
1 ``bQ ``adG ``a ``da ,``aZ ``bQ ``V
971
D
4 adG ``dEG gj 2 adG ``a ``dGh ,2 adG ``dEG ``gj
(Peter Q``HZ ``H ``MbGh ,``Sc ``d ``g
.Fs S Ljh ,Gabor)
977 ANEG ``Sh ,Ggh 6 adG dEG gj 3 ``adG a ``dGh
OGYCG e Ff O``Y Lj fEG Mh ,L ``jOdG ``dG
.L OdG dG SG j gY ,jOdG
a d jh``e Ua d dG CG e ZdG Y
ej ``dG YdG E` a ,eQ c ``H ``f ``dG
978
dMG Ea ,dG bh ``SG e cCG Ua jd e g hCk G
c GPEG .z?je dEG Uoj JG CG{ :dGD` S Y
je e c GPEGh ,dEG ``a dG je ``e
972
C

Ua c a J dG MG e g hCG YdG R``a

e JG ddG c a .jC
k G dG je dEG ``a dG
.eQ
1
.dEG Gj
/2 + (1/2)3 + (1/2)5 + (1/2)7 + ....

Hj C j C e J Oh``dG e ``jfe OY ``d dG ``dG ``g ``g

UdG jd hCk G ``ej dG ``YdG Ea ``dd ;``dG ``a 2/3
973
e kHe c EG ,fdG YdG Ua V OJ ,RdG a
dG e a e ``MGh - j``T g HLEG
.idG dG e a NBGh dG
982 IQH Rj e ``H MGh ,GdG e GkOY da ,dG
.FGO

:QdG hdG a IdG AdEG Ua WH VG

4
979
/4 3/4 2/4 1/4 = 6/64 = 0.09

1000 Game .indb 410 2/16/16 10:26 AM

 411 dG d dG

SGd d dU SQZa jf EG bGdG a

``TCG Ye C dh ,a ``HdGh ``VCG
992 hO e I``T g ``Y fH ``SQ g Q``e ``fOCG
H dG WSH HoJ M ,e M
988 ``fH (``M) O``Y ``He ``Y ``J ``S
.d hO e aMh
983
``d ``M ``N (Schmerl) ``T ``Lh .v` Sg H``e fEa dG ``e IdG OG``YCG dEG ``dH ,``LQO 120 ``jhGH
dY Lhh ,(``dG h Q``dG a fOCG Ve g ``c ) dC` dG Z Y ,fCG cdH ``jdGh .fOCG Q``dH DdG dG ``e
(greg frederickson) ``jQja ``jL jeCG ``VjdG Gk` Te M
v ``a fHU ``e a O``HCG ``KK P``f
.g Ve gc .ITe Z M HQCG .HGdG g e f UC
.(Nick Baxter) cH f eb dG dG HQ M

CG ``jh ,``e ``b ``e ``dG s` j

.H Y oJ
984

IOjR Ea ,(YCG) dEG hOdG hdG toj eY 989

ZdG Y h ,hdG K ce bGdG a J QdG VY

993
.SCG f j hOdG hdG Ea ,Gf fCG f e
985

c a ``KCG ``J CG h``dG ``V ``e c GPEG

990 GkAH L dG gJG fdG ``dG j
E` a ,i``NCG ``dG ``a ``fhRdG ``LCGh I``MGh 987
d .eGdG e (1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32) :g Lf dG KCG e ``J dG e fCG iJ ch ,1 ``dG ``e
KCG OY a ,dG c a KCG Vh feEG a c GPEG e ,T
k j``Yh MGh dLEG e ``Y fK a jhGdG Fb
hCG .eGdG ``e (1, 3, 9, 27) :``gh ,HQCG dEG ``Lf ``dG .6/7 g MG CG j
a (Claud-Gaspar Bachet) TH OSL Oc dG M e
.1623 Y

,``SCG AdG aj eY ;``g Ve A``dG i``e

c ,Ib bCH AdG aa fOCG j AdG V E` a
991
.fCG e AL VCG a SCG aj AdG Ea iJ

1000 Game .indb 411 2/16/16 10:26 AM

 dG dG d 412

Jf G``S ``MG ``fK ``dH ``LJ

36 d KdG QYCG
1000 999 994
dG UM ddG HG fdG HG hCG HG
dG
38 36 36 1 1
dhCG cG
21 36 18 2 1

16 36 12 3 1

14 36 9 4 1 fdG cG

13 36 6 6 1

13 36 9 2 2
ddG cG
11 36 6 3 2

10 36 4 3 3

gQYCG V UM Y eY dCdG M e dN j d
HGdG cG
.dG (LG) jQJ j dG gQYCG eh
QYCG) ``gQYCG d ``dMG g CG ``Y nO ``eCG G``g
``S e QdG e GhRCG ``jd `k `MG 21 ``g
h``L ``d ``FdG ``g G``SG ``j .Q``W
995
a 36 dG ``Ua ;ddG ``g ``a 13 ``gh ,(``KdG OhCG
eG cG :YCd e
;(13) dM G``Y e e QYCG ``e d ,``c ``dG
G``d ;(2, 2, 9) hCG (1, 6, 6) ``eEG ``g ``KdG OhCG Q``YCG EG CG (3-2) (3-1) (2-1) GhRCG J ,3h 2h 1 :hCG dG
``SG UCG HG O``LH Y ``eY dh ,``dN Q``MG ``dG (5-4) (5-1) (4-1) GhRCG J ,5h 4h 1 :fdG dG
j H ,UCG kHGh FGJ j hCG Ma .dC` dG M SOdG cG (7-6) (7-1) (6-1) GhRCG J h ,7h 6h 1 :ddG dG
CG j Gg ;UCG ``HG hO e d jC k G FGJ ``fdG ``MG (6-4) (6-2) (4-2) GhRCG J h ,6h 4h 2 :HGdG dG
.(1,6,6) g KdG OhCG QYCG
(7-5) (7-2) (5-2) GhRCG J h ,7h 5h 2 :edG dG
HdG cG
(7-4) (7-3) (4-3) GhRCG J h ,7h 4h 3 :SOdG dG
(6-5) (6-3) (5-3) GhRCG J h ,6h 5h 3 :HdG dG
edG cG .G k``MGh A``dG i``e ``j ``dG ``HfCG ``a
jh ,``T hCG fCG ``H Je Z ``dG
996
.JShQjdG QdH j e Ggh ,FdG JQG Y a
SdG cG
32``e ``VCG ``Y ``S ``Y O``dG ``HdG
W Y``S JN ``dG ``j eY .I``Mh
997
.VCG
ITdG cG
:2% e bCG Ua LJ
6
998
/6 5/6 4/6 3/6 2/6 1/6 = 0.015

IY jOG cG 1.5% CG

IY fdG cG

IY ddG cG

1000 Game .indb 412 2/16/16 10:26 AM

 413

LGdG 

1000 Game .indb 413 2/16/16 10:26 AM

 LGdG dG d 414

1000 Game .indb 414 2/16/16 10:26 AM

 415

HdG ie 
2 OG``YCG bH 538 1
OGYCG bH 537 hCG i``dG RdCG .dG a d d 10 dEG 1 e HU i``e J J
f dEG dG je J 806 IFGdG jJ 224 .dG Y j jdG RdCG u d TdG idG ,Fd Se
MCG e c jJ 357 dG Ic J 569
eY Vh ``jW Y H UdG R``fEG Y ,``e d ``H ``J ``eY
jjdG bdG a K 49 dG GcCG J 568
e jNBG Kh ``d ,VdG Gd He aJ ``J .dG ``SG QGH ``U
1 jfEG jHCG hM 116 FGhdG jJ 243
.dG dCG ee
2 jfEG jHCG hM 121 3 JdG e dG HdG jJ 383

3 jfEG jHCG hM 122 dG jJ 698 hCG idG

FdG bdG M 711 fCG YN 249

WdG dG 917 dG S Y Aa FGQ 789

Ke VQCG 113

ddG dG MQ 272 1 ShdG S 823

(Anagram) MCG JJ IOYEG 666

CdG dG 1 dG dG 10
808 2 ShdG S 824

cGQO Y 916 dG T 777

QdG dG 918

AGdG V 866 KGMEG o n r Un 149

dG jDhdG 920

fdG QdG X 919 dG ae HW 129

IOdG dG 922

ZCG t Y 519 1 dG W 761

dG dG 469

dG t Y 525 2 dG W 778
FdG Fd dG HdG 404

dG a NCG QY 913 fGdG Y 573

edG GQdG 175

2 H Y 156 Hs dG t Y 672
dG IH dG 915

HQCG GdCG hP dG Ub 697 (Q -Bits) sdG (c) OY 616

```dGh ```dG 590

1 aGdG b 760 YdG Y 820

SfG SfG 114

2 aGdG b 769 1 H Y 155

TdG LdG d :LdG J 104

VCG RGe b t 323 JZ 639

TdG LdG d :LdG J 103

dG b 644 jdG FGb 653

dG VQCG WCG VhQ 107

d d 153 GcCG b 629

(Roulette) dhQ 661

1 eg d 214 FdG KdG d 127

dG S 645

YdG QdG d 566 1 adG IQdG d 759

dG ShdG S 625

?IjdG TCG J GPd 1 SHe jT 708

228 2 adG IQdG d 764

?HGe Z CG HGe 2 SHe jT 709

776 3 adG IQdG d 766

VCG YHQ T Y Hs e SH e H - b 927

345 98

GdG jM je 574 ?H CG e 136

MCG d 3

IFGdG Me 236
IXe Hs e 110

1 ae 53
ddG idG dG d Me 302

dG LGe 638
?dhCG UUdG WCG e 863
KdG jHCG 119
fGL jf 523
Lh dCG d :u dG Lh 123
OY aVEG 564
AGdG f 691 jdG dG SG
WhdG TCG Sg 288
295 fdG idG
bdG QMCG 791
AG`p``dG Iah 576 VCG RGe JQG e TCG 322
168

bQCG 923
WdG dG OGYCG 31
HGdG idG o dG dG 825
HdG WEG 835

fdG dG fBG 815 dG H dG 32

fGLQCGh AGdG QgRCG 570

SQGe HQCG 185 2 dG dG 693

edG GQTEG 120

dG HdG bQCG 516 dG dG 343

AdG 635

jhe ae H J QTCG 150 dGh dG 611

jdG 765

?(Ellips) bdG gEG jCG 289 HGdG dG 756

jdG WdG 45

hdG AMEG 977 v j dG

N 145
bdG GdG 822

HdG IAVEG NCG LdG 1 jdG IFGdG 402

199 57

IBGdG SfG GhdG QdG -NGdG a HHdG 926

438 641

dG QGSG 803 dG jdG 864

AGUh ,AGMh ,fGLQCG QgdG 571

HdG OGYCG 515 VCG IOdG IOdG 700

dG dG 293

1 IOdG SCG 195 IdG GdGh IdG GdG 797

bdG hdG 801

SSCG TCG 670 dG LCGh QRCG dG hP dG 95

FdG dG 615

1 QHEG 877 dG HdG 407

aGdG bdG dG 732

2 QHEG 878 WdG HdG 87

jdG XdG 40

3 QHEG 879 dG dG 771

iNCG jhGR e dG 96

4 QHEG 880 dG u dG 391

jdG dG 9

eCG fG 595

1000 Game .indb 415 2/16/16 10:26 AM

 HdG ie dG d 416

IadG UGbCG 758 dG QTCG YGQR 157 dG :FdG PfG 431

(U-Tube) dG fCG 873 ZGdG T 821 LQCdG dG 5

fdG bdG 535 dG FGT 74 d HdG Z ddG 867

jOdG 365 YHdG dG T 346 FdG bdG 694

1 dG dG 140 dG jdG dG U 273 ?LLdG CG dG 6

2 LddG DadG 696 e W 180 GfdG 441

1 dG RGdG 811 dG W 746 hOdG GfdG 443

GdG 183 Hs e KK P jT W 744 eGdG dEG dG 607

WHdG dG 36 dG t Y 304 dG dG 659

d fOCG dG 334 bYdG Y 459 UGdG JdG 529

dG e fOCG dG 725 (Brontosaurus) dG Ua 652 edG dG 634

SdGh FGhdG 240 fdG dG b 681 1 LddG DadG 692

(TETRAKTYS) YHdG 511 OhdG IOdG ehdG b 500 SdG dG 859

IdG dG -IdG dG 510 dG e b 418 dGh dG 131

LdG
s SGdG dG 212 hdG b 436 IFdG dG 942
LhCG YHdG dG 69 dG VQCG KQc 106 edG FGhdG 253
dG GQdG 673 bQCG He ec 650 ILCG IQd SdG FGhdG 102
ibCG jdG 814 1 f dG a KG aGj 717 IdG jhGdG 901
dG AdG 509 2 f dG a KG aGj 718 NGdG OdG s 46
jdG QGdG 561 HdG jOhe 486 HdG dG 502
gdG dG 86 MGh U a HQCG d 702 dG 448
dG dG 444 HQCG GdCG GP HdG d 779 OZCGh dG 287
LMdG GdG 664 jhdG SdG IcGP d 79 (Digraphs) LdG SdG dG 211
edG GdG 270 dG HCG d 41 FdG OGdG 612

T M T Y WdG 395 T J M T Y d 20 FdG QCdG 782

dG d Y dG 333 MG ce 651 HCG SQdG 914

(20) dG 547 dG f s e 598 IOdG 633

1 dG aGdG 186 jOdG OGYCG e 526 HdG dG 151

dGh FGdG HdG 92 bdGh IFGdG e 230 Y Y SCk GQ HdG dG 925

1 dG HdG 371 AjRCG IBGe 908 fdG dG 686

dG hP dG HdG 380 dG bGe 338 hdGh QdH s jo dG dG 662

20 o dG HdG 437 jdG dG Ve bGe 337

s o dG dG 945
(bdG) dG Z HdG 487 dG GY He 162 HQCG dG 520
dG HdG 596 Qt dG f Hs e 599 Y N dG 522

dG hJ MdG 299
dG dG dCe 130 RdCG dCG JdG dG 217
r s e Me 311 HCG HdG 648
2dG dG 405

jdG dG 2 ae 54 5 dG HdG 375

780
HPdG Oe 793 2 jhdG MdG 958
(Blindspot) AdG dG 912

IBGdG SfG He e 507 (Hangman Game) dG 646

903

dG HdCGh IdG d bH IOQe 225 1 dG dG 359

206

bYdG X H fRGdG dG bQe 804 fdG YHdG dG 767

534
Qe a s e 93 KdG YGH 118
2 dG jJ 931
AdG Ye 43 3 OG``YCG bH 539
3 dG jJ 932
dG Wf 44 (Coanda Effect) GfGc KJ 894
e dEG T T jJ 475

hdG a dG jJ bYdG gf 600 dG jJ 738

38

fe jf Y GSH J dG SGS Pf 317 fGdG dCG a RGdG J 393

238

dG Z HdG J 489
(Frieze Number Pattern) jjaEG OGYCG f 542 He jJ 910

AGLCG N dEG He J adG f 363 SGdG e GhRCG jJ 623

447

HdG J SCdG a g 892 1 WQdG jJ 699

354

IOdG jJ 2 WQdG jJ 710

369

4 JdG e dG HdG jJ 384

edG idG dG J 836

dG QJ 895 dG MG 794
HdG UJ 940

LdG c a Rc M 163 Kh TCG 297

dG eL 527

ddG GdG jM 737 ShdG Y hdG JJ IOYEG 826

dG ehdG L 17

dG SGs M 728 dG NOEG 504

bdG M 608

KdG GcCG YN 620 KdG ANCG 665

dG WN 727

Ae GN 1 W fOCG IFGO 580

889 jOdG Hs dG - dG OGYCG 517

dG fGN 890 dG SCG 202

dG aO 642

QdG N 868 2 IOdG SCG 208

IdG d IQGhO 858

ba jhO e :IQGhO IFGO 290 2 dG TCG 458

GdG hO 911

1000 Game .indb 416 2/16/16 10:26 AM

 417 dG d HdG ie
dG Y dG 324 1
bdG e dCe 492 1
dG H dSQ 33

NGdG bdG 701 2

bdG e dCe 493 2
dG H dSQ 34

fdG bdG 71 jhe Me 321 S SQ 689

dG SGS WdG 424 dG GcCG e 621 GOdG e hR 85

fdG FK hdG 846 OGYCG ae 545 4 OdG S 546

GdG 841 4 dG adG ae 749 dG a dG IOGS 885

dG dG 358 UdG e 47 IdG S 207

FGhdG W Y dG 171 dG d Y e 351 1 SdG dG dG T 220

dhCG OGYCG e dG 603 WdG IOQe 622 2 SdG dG dG T 221

NGdG 706 Jd Je 733 QgRCG U 160

dG NGdG 705 (Bernoulli) dfH ICLe 869 GdCG e U 430

dG VQCd dG QdG 105 e dEG e 763 dG a V 838

bdG - jGdG 594 hdG Ae 491

dG jH hOQdG dhW 292

dG 513 dG Y jdG SQe Hs e HQCG P jT W 747

548
dG dG 636 fjfEG e Hs e HQCG P He W 745
258
2 dG dG 141 JdG e dG QY 757
78
3 LddG DadG 713 dCG OGe dG IY 726
7
2 dG RGdG 812 jdG (cja) fe dH fe jf Y 239
597
SdG dG 115 fs e LR Iaf bdG Y 562
341
fRhh HPdG 787 QhdG f c Z 524
674
dG dG 887 QdG d a f Ia - Ia 637
624
1 dG hdG 852 Wh idG e Yf dG o Y 29
421
2 dG hdG 853 YhCG KK a cdG e Yf dG a 649
422
3 dG hdG 854 dG Sa 25
FdG FdG g 671
gGdGh dG 656 dG f a 73
f IY N e N IOQh 235
YHdG dG 781 dG b 137
cdG edG AYh 893
NGdG GdG 982 16 edG fdG jdG dG b 247

SQdGh dG 16 2 IQGhdG fdG jdG dG b 268

IOdG dG
SOdG idG HQCG OhdG HdG s dG b
553 501

OdG JdG 809 FdG LG 64 fdG dG b b 262

ddG Z (RdG) fdG 552 dG dLEG 550 Le b 921

cdG AdG 174 1fdG ehdG QMCG 419 3 MGh U a KG aGj 719

J jhO e :IQGhdG IFGdG 271 jOMCGh KK ehO QMCG 426

OhdG SN edG s e b GdCG d 508

HdG a IFGdG 232 Hs e HQCG 316

YHdG TCG d 344

3 YdG FGhdG 198 dG bQCG 536

fG d 731

CdG HdG 807 dCG GhRCG 364

bYdG d 712

cGdG HHdG 829 SEG 840 15 dG HdG OdG d 379

f HQCG hP fdG SdG 176 bdG HdG SCG 12

jQZa d 471

HGhdG 985 OGYCG WTCG 549

HQCG GdCG Hs e d 390

jdG VjdG 386 fdG (Golygons) ddG e TCG 601

dG e d 753

SdG LLdG 884 dG AWEG 876

GfdG d 442

FdG dG 614 SCGh YCG 870 fEG VjdG dY - jH d 470

dG hdG 143 SGdG dG OGYCG 514

OdG jQJ d 685

edG dG 132 6 - 1 edG-dG OhdG s e b RdCG 505

?e Z CG e 984

IQGhs dG dG 274 Id W bCG 586

J Z e 490

dG 667 LMdG LCG 834

bha s e 533

fRGdG dG 813 IjdG VQCG 279 1 Hc s e 133

dG jdG dG 613 dG bQCG 512

NGe e 301

1 dG dG 222 IOdG bQCG 563

K OYCG e s e 76

2 dG dG 223 ZCGh QTCG 860

KdG Qhe 117

dGh OdG 828 KQZdG SGdG TCG 992 s e - se 296

dG 554 1 dG TCG 457

jhe e 320

IadG fdG dG 252 HPd ehdG WhdG TCG 989

IOhdG WdG je 101

AGdGh dJdG GdG 250 FdG TCG 348 dG dG He 544

jdG IdG 799 SdG TCG 476 (LO-SHU) T -d He 378
1 IJdG IdG 830 1 IcGdG Y hCG FdG OGYCG 630 dG OGYCG Hs e 11
dRdG ddG 532 SdG HfCG 896 dG Hs e 540
1 dG dG 397 dGh OhCG 360 jfEG jHCG hdG Hs e 658
2 dG dG 398 dG a UEG 882 fdG bQ Hs e 352
1 WdG dG 318 1 SGdG dG 617 jhCG dCe 179
2 WdG dG 319 2 SGdG dG 619 dG dG dCe 146

1000 Game .indb 417 2/16/16 10:26 AM

 HdG ie dG d 418

?HdG a Lj GPe 97 gdG M 730 1 fdG dG 425

YdG dG CGe 827 dG a aN 144 2 fdG dG 427

IBGdG ge 904 dG N 800 jOhdGh jfdG 605

YOdG (Nob f) de 555 VQCG NGO 786 dG dG 928

1 OGYCG de 556 QdG LMO 229 2 dG HdG 372

2 OGYCG de 557 dG IQhO 735 3 dG HdG 373

dG de 558 dG Z hdG HQ 51 dG HdG 488

(Fibonacci) Jfa de 551 IFdG MQ 871 HdG HdG 997

1 (Progression) dGe 591 GdG YQ 948 IFGdH dG Hs dG 353

cdG a - dG IFGdG ce - e 355 eNdG IdG aQ 850 dG HdG 392

VCG ae e 329 ehdG fT bQ 420 fdG HdG 428

e e 307 dH LLR 888 dG Y QhdG 182

VCG YHQ TCG a e 312 HQCGh HQCG CG MR 933 2 dG dGP IdG 589

2 Hc s e 138 fdG GdG S 647 1 dG GP IdG 588

adG FK Ye 158 dG S 13 dG a dG 584

dG e IBGe 902 hdG S 845 1 fdG dG 413

bdG He 415 dG VM a S 883 2 dG YdG dG 403

dG (Durer) QQhO He 377 cdG S 63 ddG dG 736

SdG dCe 366 UGdG T 466 JdG HdG 35

dG FGhdG dCe 241 2 OdG T 66 dG dOdG 565

IY KG dG dCe 147 f HQCG GP fdG SdG IT 203 cfdG SdG 805

3 bdG e dCe 494 fdG SdG IT 204 AdG a dG 899

4 bdG e dCe 495 OGYCG jT 530 dG dG 640

dG Qe 897 We SHe jT 983 dG fdG GhP dG 754

OHCG KK QhdG e 178 n X IQU 361 cdG GdG 788

5 dG adG ae 750 e IQU 340 1 jdG dG 362

6 dG adG ae 751 jfEG jHCG hdG LdW 715 2 jdG dG 412

IFGO a e 245 ILCG IQS W 100 hdG 905

Heh e e e 294 HGdG Wt 70 dG dG 675

e Z SGS e 51 IFdG X 900 dG e hdG 572

dG je 89 bYdG FY 587 IOdG LdG 90

dG Ve 330 U dY 668 bQdG W N e bf gEG 291

dG Je 58 dG UGbCG Y 560 UbCG AH 315

LMdG FGhdG bQe 251 s dG Y 773 FbO dG H 817

edG YdG bQe 818 AjRCG VY 65 Hs e KK dEG He jJ 468

2 dG e 774 OHCG KK IY 729 SGS T dEG e jJ 467

AGdG ehe 865 gGdGh dG bY 216 dG OGYCG e J 166

IMGh IFGO a IFGO IY KG Ae 265 LLdG Y 991 dG jhJ 108

SGdG dG Ae 496 IOdG a 445 1 f dEG T J 449

FGhdG We 244 NGdG a 134 b N dEG J 39

HK VY GP e 285 dG a 946 1 HQCG HQCG dEG dG J 454

gdG He 798 bdG dG Gb 886 2 HQCG HQCG dEG dG J 455

AGdG af 875 1 IQGhdG fdG jdG dG b 266 Hs e dEG jZEG dG J 462

dG g 795 dG b 724 He dEG He J 464

WhdG TCG Sg 288 dG OdG b 898 f dEG HdG J 440

S a MGh 762 dG a ab 18 dG TCG jJ 94

SdG Ic 810 2 FGhdG jJ 954

HdG idG ?dG OY c 313 YdG dG jJ 628

fLCG NG ?s dG OY c 325 IOdG jJ 632

22

IdG b Y MGh NBG 4 f dG a KG aGj 720 5 JdG e dG HdG jJ 387

679
1 f dG a KK aGj 740 JdG HdG jJ 381
2 fdG ehdG QMCG 423
2 f dG a KK aGj 741 LdG Oe jJ 716
dG GhQCG 578
jdG d 370 dGh HdG KJ 111
IYCGh U e GhRCG 77
ddG fdG GdCG d 768 dG J 1
d dG bCG 755
fdG dG d 531 OGYCG K 543
dG UUdG bCG 481
dG JdG d 64 dG dG NGO Hs e KK 326
GRhCG bCG 990
GbCG IgR d 784 MGh He a Hs e KK 439
ehdG fCG 56
14-15 jd S d 783 GdG Ra RL 819
Gb HCG s pgnCG 231
dG SS d 748 FdG OdG M 669
dG ShCG 336
1 dGh SCG d 209 Oa OY CG - LhR OY -OdG M 683
HdG GQWEG 4
OhdG jdG d 695 cGdG M 986

1000 Game .indb 418 2/16/16 10:26 AM

 419 dG d HdG ie
GdG S 676 2
fdG dG 414 fe Y K AdEG 30

dG N Ub a :VjdG S 965 2 SGdG dG 410 1

dG CeG 480
dG OGYCG S 164
1 dG SGdG dG 399
dG JG 429
SGS N e T 62 fLCG NG 22
1 SGdG dG 432
QdG a - NGdG a SGS T 303
NGdG dG 939
Gh JQG 169

OdG OYCG T 559 FGdG JdG 627

e HfCG 996

?hdG e dG g g ,jdG hU 283 IOdG AGLCG 59

1
bQ LCG dG 660
(Euler) jhCG U 298 IQGhsdG LCG 851
OHCG YHdG (Hypercube) FGdG dG 408
LhdG OdG jW 191 bdG LCG 792
IOdG s dG 909
bdG dG dG IgX 657 OHCG KK TCG GP OGYCG 518
jdG SdG dG 367
IFGdG bY 248 IjdG TCG 227
dG e dG 960
HdG (Gauss) ShL Y 521
jdG GdCGh TCG 400
dG 192
HdG Ya 862
edG OGYCG 528
15
dG 14
1 IcGdG Y hCG FdG OGYCG 631
QGd (Murphy) aQe fb 48
SCG dG 284
(ffdG) jZEG dG b 460
fN dG GP OGYCG 541
b dG dG 839
dG b 796
YaCG 154
HH 609
jddG b 27
SG 874
2
GdCG bH 434
jcdG OdG Ib 855
cGdG H jdG jdG 655
(Foucaults pendulum) ca hH 844
ddG Gc T M g Y dG 506
856
edc H 816
?dG OY c 310
dG hdG 842
TCG J 327
5f dG a KG aGj 721
jdG 368
dG jJ 75
dG Y ddG 857
3 f dG a KK aGj 742
dG jJ 173
dG 72
4 f dG a KK aGj 743 e dEG IFGO jJ 477
OdG 849
IYCG d 177 f dEG e jJ 473
3
dG dG 142
IdG d 205 e dEG f jJ 463
IQGhdG QdG d dG 707
980 FK jJ 28
s dG d QGhdG dG 848
305 Y KG dG jhJ 109
dG JdG d dG 67
964 dG d :OHCG hJ 126
ddG UdG d :GdG SGS JJ d OhdGh dG 382
277 dG SJ 342
gdG bYdG 654
2 eg d 215 3 HQCG HQCG dEG dG J 456
2
jdG FGhdG 394
2 dGh SCG d 210 HdG J 60
3 jdG FGhdG 406
QhdG d 218 3
b dEG T J 451
4 jdG FGhdG 409
LdG d 167
2 f dEG T J 450
ee J d 350
WdG FGhdG 254
4 f dEG T J 452
GQdG bQCG Md 1 YdG FGhdG 196
947
f dEG b J 453
J Z VCG RGe 498
HdG 461
HQCG HQCG dEG He J 446
2
fdG SdG 993
(Reuleuxs triangle) d jQ e 276
IdG J 275
LQCe e 170
dG QjdG a jjdG dG 930
dG FbQ fh dG FbQ SJ 604
d HdG dG 837
3 Hc s e 139
6 JdG e dG HdG jJ 385
IgR IQU Y e dH dG 881
256 dG KJ 125
SNQCG jGe SCGh dG 416
907 VdG a SCG jJ 929
HdG bQCG He jdG FGdG 411
396 fe Y K 690
ANCG e N He VCG YHQ dG dG 308
61 bQCG He KK 976
dGh - OdG 593
SN e NGO He 349
LQCG KK - LQCG FK 575
dG J 332
FdG dG 802
dG IjL 24
eo He 328
s dG dG 286
hdG bQCG W RL 579
ddG dG Hs e 8
eGdG 84
IdG M 281
dG GY Hs e 162
dG GdG 833
dG jM 91
jd ce 610
IYdG IdG 872
HQCG dG GQhCG N 677
IY dG dG dCe 2 L ( ) IJdG IdG 831
148
2
W fOCG IFGO 581
dG - HdG - IFGdG Me 226
NCG dG 1000
(Jekyll and Hyde) jg eh L QcO 585
(fhdG) ddG 278
IdG S Me 280
dG MQ 193 dG AdG 891
e Z e 499
SCG MQ 213
e a e 2
SdG dGdG 592
497
IOhO MQ 190
UCG Hs e dEG e e 485
H dG dG 465
dG SQ 484
kLh jdG P dG Ie 937
NGdG dG 941
JdG bQ 50
jdG adG a e 626 2 aGn dG 187
S bQ Y d OdG M eQ 684
7 dG adG ae 752 4
dG HdG 374
c a S Y d Of M eQ 687
IQGhs O e 306 2 NGdG HdG 19
S - S 37

1000 Game .indb 419 2/16/16 10:26 AM

 HdG ie dG d 420

SdG idG 2 LCG dG 663 (Posi- Nega Q- Bits) GhRCG He 618

2 e Qe e s dG 952 dG bQe 23
dG SCG 200
30 dG 15 UCG e N e j c e 772
JQd bCG dG 969
dG a FJ 88 dG jK jGhdG s e 775
2 edG FGhdG 246
ceCG OJ 21 AdG a s e 924
fdG QdG 643
jgdG HJ 233 UGbCG Ae 269
adG OdG 172
FGdG JJ 389 IFGdG Se 261
HQCG WCG a cdG 959
adG HCG J 435 SNQCG e 234
dG 953
IFGdG J 934 (Super Periscope) dG jGdG Qe 906
KdG IRQdG 678
kLh Y KG P dG GM jJ 955
1 fdG AGQRh d LGe 722
dG HdG 347
dG M 770
QdG SdG a s dG 417 2 fdG AGQRh d LGe 723
dG N 80
HPdG f
ShDhdG SN dG 479 790
3 W fOCG IFGO 582
dG Z OdG 981 (Napoleon) Hf jf 335
eg IFGO 181
fdG J 974 dG Qsf f 847

f J e IFGO (Spectrix) jS 388

257 dG f 82
FGhO fCG e S 255
VCG YoJ dG S 478 adG jJ f 951
s eo TT 314
(Hexiamonds) dG SGS 962 ILCG IQS Hs e Sg 99
Re K e OY 957
FdG Y 995 s fdG dG Vh 112
dG VY 688
HdG b 356
jhGdG a fe Y 83 edG idG
f IY dG d 128
TCG a 994
Y b eQ d 978
Jfa fGQCG
jfdG a 961
971
KdG Ye 577
ShDhdG SN f HQCG
HPdG Qb 472
785
U He 331
OdG M bQCG 967
(Icosian) jRjEG d 184
(Apollonius) SfdHCG dCe 242
OdG M AdEG 998
dG UGbCG d 935
2 jdG dG ae 950
(Persisto) SH d 583
(NdG dG e VQCG) cQdG 956
(Tangram) hfJ e 55
FGhdG a dG 938
dG FGhdG d 936
Weo s e 300
bCG WdG
jdG d 201
194
(Pappus) SHH jf 135
dG 219
dG d 482

dG Md d 29
NGdG GdG 982
TdG idG GhdGh dG 970
HdG OGYCG e 401
dG bCG 988 e a e 987
IQGhdG IFGdG 267

HdG OGYCG 606 adG KK Ye 159

QdGh NGdG e LMdG 263

WCG dG 152 OdG e Ye 966

2 YdG FGhdG 197

dG YdG dG 42 adG HCG J 435

H eh dGh dG 975

FGhO K 237 Hs e NGO Hs e 968

dG HdG d :VdG 503

We FGhO K 260 dG dCe 567

cdG GQdG 999

dG QL 943
1 jdG dG ae 949
aGdG dG 944

fdG dG eQ M 680 dhCG OGYCG Ye 602

bQdG GdG 843

dG UGbCG e SGS SN 963 HdG NGO dG FGhdG Ae 264

jOdG a GdG 979

IMGh c 682 RGdG e 861

3 IJdG IdG 832

jQWGeEG jJ d 714 AGQRdG LGe 704

OJhCG Mdh YdG 309

eGH jJ d 739 ShDhdG SN f 474

gdG dG 124

fHj e a QcJ d 259 SCk GQ Y KG

r e fe f 483
3 aGn dG 188

adG IOe Ye 161 MCG g 81

4 aGn dG 189

dG dhCG OGYCG He 973 bQdG fdG AGQRh 734

6 dG HdG 376

1844 Y e fHdG dG dCe 339 NGdG HdG 68

1803 Y e cfS dCe 2 jhdG dG J MdG 282

jdG Ie 703 fdG Y KG s o dG 52

dG OGYCG f 165 2 SGdG dG 433

1000 Game .indb 420 2/16/16 10:26 AM