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List of Kyoto Protocol signatories

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Contents

[hide]

• 1 Signed and ratified

• 2 Signed but not yet ratified
• 3 Not intending to ratify
• 4 No position expressed yet
• 5 References

[edit] Signed and ratified

See also: Kyoto Protocol

Participation in the Kyoto Protocol, where dark green indicates countries that have signed and ratified the treaty. As of 25
November 2007

As of June 2007, 172 states have signed and ratified the Kyoto Protocol to the United Nations Framework Convention on
Climate Change, aimed at combatting global warming. The count on the UNFCCC list[1][2] includes three extra parties:

• Niue and Cook Islands are counted separately. These are self-governing
islands, but are not independent from New Zealand.
• In addition to its member states, the European Union is counted as a party
to the Protocol.

Note: Signing is optional, indicating an intention to ratify the Protocol. Ratification means that an Annex I party (e.g. a
developed country or one with an 'economy in transition') has agreed to cap emissions in accordance with the Protocol. 37 of
the 39 Annex I parties have agreed to cap their emissions in this way, two others are required to do so under their conditions
of accession into the EU, and one more intends to become an Annex I party.

reduction
% for
Country UNFCCC annex commitment Signed Ratification/Acceptance Notes
ratification
for 2012[3]

1 Fiji member 17 September 1998 17 September 1998

Antigua and
2 member 16 March 1998 3 November 1998
Barbuda

3 Tuvalu member 16 November 1998 16 November 1998

4 Maldives member 16 March 1998 30 December 1998

5 Turkmenistan member 28 September 1998 11 January 1999

6 member 7 January 1999 28 January 1999

Trinidad and
T b
 2
Tobago

7 Panama member 8 June 1998 5 March 1999

8 Bahamas member 9 April 1999

9 Georgia member 16 June 1999

Federated
10 States of member 17 March 1998 21 June 1999
Micronesia

11 Jamaica member 28 June 1999

12 Cyprus member -[4] 16 July 1999

13 Paraguay member 25 August 1998 27 August 1999

14 Guatemala member 10 July 1998 5 October 1999

15 Uzbekistan member 20 November 1998 12 October 1999

16 Nicaragua member 7 July 1998 18 November 1999

17 Bolivia member 29 July 1998 30 November 1999

18 Palau member 10 December 1999

19 Mongolia member 15 December 1999

20 Ecuador member 15 January 1999 13 January 2000

21 El Salvador member 8 June 1998 13 January 2000

22 Honduras member 25 February 1999 19 July 2000

23 Barbados member 7 August 2000

 3

Equatorial
24 member 16 August 2000
Guinea

25 Lesotho member 6 September 2000

26 Guinea member 7 September 2000

27 Kiribati member 7 September 2000

28 Mexico member 9 June 1998 7 September 2000

29 Azerbaijan member 28 September 2000

30 Samoa member 16 March 1998 27 November 2000

31 Uruguay member 29 July 1998 5 February 2001

32 Romania member I 1.24% -8%[5] 5 January 1999 19 March 2001

33 Mauritius member 9 May 2001

34 Gambia member 1 June 2001

35 Vanuatu member 17 July 2001

36 Senegal member 20 July 2001

37 Nauru member 16 August 2001

38 Argentina member 16 March 1998 28 September 2001

39 Burundi member 18 October 2001

40 Bangladesh member 22 October 2001

41 Malawi member 26 October 2001

 4

42 Malta member -[4] 17 April 1998 11 November 2001

Czech
43 member I 1.24% -8%[5] 23 November 1998 15 November 2001
Republic

44 Colombia member 30 November 2001

45 Morocco member 25 January 2002

Dominican
46 member 12 February 2002
Republic

47 Benin member 25 February 2002

48 Djibouti member 12 March 2002

49 Uganda member 25 March 2002

50 Mali member 27 January 1999 28 March 2002

Papua New
51 member 2 March 1999 28 March 2002
Guinea

52 Cuba member 15 March 1999 30 April 2002

55th entity (if

counting with the
Cook Islands and
53 Iceland member I, II 0.02% +10%[6] 23 May 2002 Niue), this fulfills
the first condition
for coming-into-
force

54 Norway member I, II 0.26% +1%[6] 29 April 1998 30 May 2002

All ratifications of
the then-EU-
European members are
-- member[7] I, II 31.68% -8%[5] 29 April 1998 31 May 2002
Union deposited
simultaneously
(see 55-70)

-8% (-
55 Austria member I, II 0.4% 24 September 1998 31 May 2002
13%)[5]
 5

-8% (-
56 Belgium member I, II 0.8% 29 April 1998 31 May 2002
7.5%)[5]

Greenland:
-8% (- applied
57 Denmark member I, II 0.4% 29 April 1998 31 May 2002
21%)[5] Faroe Islands: not
applied

-8%
58 Finland member I, II 0.4% 29 April 1998 31 May 2002
(0%)[5][8]

French
Guiana, Guadelou
pe, Martinique, R
éunion: applied
French
Polynesia, New
Caledonia, Wallis
-8%
59 France member I, II 2.7% 29 April 1998 31 May 2002 and
(0%)[5][8]
Futuna, French
Southern and
Antarctic
Lands, Mayotte,
Saint Pierre and
Miquelon: not
applied

-8% (-
60 Germany member I, II 7.4% 29 April 1998 31 May 2002
21%)[5]

-8%
61 Greece member I, II 0.6% 29 April 1998 31 May 2002
(+25%),[5][6]

-8%
62 Ireland member I, II 0.2% 29 April 1998 31 May 2002
(+13%),[5][6]

-8% (-
63 Italy member I, II 3.1% 29 April 1998 31 May 2002
6.5%)[5]

-8% (-
64 Luxembourg member I, II 0.1% 29 April 1998 31 May 2002
28%)[5]

Aruba: not
applied
-8% (-
65 Netherlands member I, II 1.2% 29 April 1998 31 May 2002 Netherlands
6%)[5]
Antilles: not
applied

-8%
66 Portugal member I, II 0.3% 29 April 1998 31 May 2002
(+27%),[5][6]
 6

-8%
67 Spain member I, II 1.9% 29 April 1998 31 May 2002
(+15%),[5][6]

-8%
68 Sweden member I, II 0.4% 29 April 1998 31 May 2002
(+4%),[5][6]

United -8% (-
69 member I, II 4.3% 29 April 1998 31 May 2002
Kingdom 12.5%)[5]

70 Slovakia member I 0.42% -8%[5] 26 February 1998 31 May 2002

71 Japan member I, II 8.55% -6% 28 April 1998 4 June 2002

72 Latvia member I 0.17% -8% 14 December 1998 5 July 2002

73 Seychelles member 20 March 1998 22 July 2002

74 South Africa member 31 July 2002

75 Slovenia member I -[9] -8%[5] 21 October 1998 2 August 2002

76 Grenada member 6 August 2002

77 Costa Rica member 27 April 1998 9 August 2002

78 Bulgaria member I 0.6% -8%[5] 18 September 1998 15 August 2002

79 Hungary member I 0.52% -6%[5] 21 August 2002

80 Cambodia member 22 August 2002

81 Brazil member 29 April 1998 23 August 2002

82 Bhutan member 26 August 2002

83 Chile member 17 June 1998 26 August 2002

84 India member 26 August 2002

 7

85 Tanzania member 26 August 2002

86 Cameroon member 28 August 2002

87 Thailand member 2 February 1999 28 August 2002

Hong Kong:
applied since April
88 China member 29 May 1998 30 August 2002 8, 2003
Macau: not
applied

89 Sri Lanka member 3 September 2002

90 Malaysia member 12 March 1999 4 September 2002

91 Peru member 13 November 1998 12 September 2002

92 Vietnam member 3 December 1998 25 September 2002

93 Estonia member I 0.28% -8%[5] 3 December 1998 14 October 2002

94 Liberia member 5 November 2002

95 South Korea member 25 September 1998 8 November 2002

96 Poland member I 3.02% -6%[5] 15 July 1998 13 December 2002

97 Canada member I, II 3.33% -6% 29 April 1998 17 December 2002

Niue: signed 8
December 1998,
ratified 6 May
1999
Cook Islands:
98 New Zealand member[10] I, II 0.19% 0%[8] 22 May 1998 19 December 2002 signed 16
September 1998,
ratified 27 August
2001
Tokelau: not
applied

99 Lithuania member I -[9] -8%[5] 21 September 1998 3 January 2003

 8

100 Jordan member 17 January 2003

101 Tunisia member 22 January 2003

102 Laos member 6 February 2003

Solomon
103 member 29 September 1998 13 March 2003
Islands

104 Moldova member 22 April 2003

105 Armenia member 25 April 2003

106 Kyrgyzstan member 13 May 2003

107 Ghana member 30 May 2003

108 Switzerland member I, II 0.32% -8% 16 March 1998 9 July 2003

109 Guyana member 5 August 2003

110 Botswana member 8 August 2003

Marshall
111 member 17 March 1998 11 August 2003
Islands

112 Burma member 13 August 2003

113 Saint Lucia member 16 March 1998 20 August 2003

114 Namibia member 4 September 2003

115 Madagascar member 24 September 2003

116 Belize member 26 September 2003

117 Philippines member 15 April 1998 20 November 2003

 9

118 Israel member 16 December 1998 15 March 2004

119 Ukraine member I -[9] 0%[8] 15 March 1999 12 April 2004

120 Togo member 2 July 2004

121 Rwanda member 22 July 2004

122 Yemen member 15 September 2004

123 Niger member 23 October 1998 30 September 2004

124 Sudan member 2 November 2004

With Russia's
ratification the "55
percent of 1990
carbon dioxide
emissions of the
Parties included in
125 Russia member I 17.4% 0%[8] 11 March 1999 18 November 2004
Annex I" clause
was satisfied and
the treaty brought
into force,
effective 16
February 2005.

Republic of
126 member 18 November 2004
Macedonia

127 Indonesia member 13 July 1998 3 December 2004

128 Liechtenstein member I 0.0015% -8% 29 June 1998 3 December 2004

129 Nigeria member 10 December 2004

Saint Vincent
130 and the member 19 March 1998 31 December 2004
Grenadines

131 Pakistan member 11 January 2005

132 Qatar member 11 January 2005

 10

133 Egypt member 15 March 1999 12 January 2005

134 Mozambique member 18 January 2005

135 Oman member 19 January 2005

136 Dominica member 25 January 2005

United Arab
137 member 26 January 2005
Emirates

138 Saudi Arabia member 31 January 2005

139 Algeria member 16 February 2005

140 Venezuela member 18 February 2005

141 Kenya member 25 February 2005

142 Kuwait member 11 March 2005

Democratic
143 Republic of member 23 March 2005
the Congo

144 Burkina Faso member 31 March 2005

145 Albania member 1 April 2005

146 Ethiopia member 14 April 2005

147 North Korea member 27 April 2005

148 Haiti member 6 July 2005

149 Mauritania member 22 July 2005

150 Eritrea member 28 July 2005

 11

151 Iran member 22 August 2005

152 Belarus member I -[9] none yet[11] 26 August 2005

153 Nepal member 16 September 2005

Guinea-
154 member 18 November 2005
Bissau

155 Swaziland member 13 January 2006

156 Syria member 27 January 2006

157 Bahrain member 31 January 2006

158 Cape Verde member 10 February 2006

159 Monaco member I 0.0015% -8% 29 April 1998 27 February 2006

160 Singapore member 12 April 2006

161 Zambia member August 5, 1998 July 7, 2006

162 Libya member August 24, 2006

163 Suriname member September 25, 2006

164 Sierra Leone member November 10, 2006

165 Lebanon member November 13, 2006

166 Gabon member December 12, 2006

167 Congo member February 12, 2007

Bosnia and
168 member April 16, 2007
Herzegovina
 12

169 Côte d'Ivoire member April 23, 2007

170 Croatia member I -[9] -5% March 11, 1999 April 27, 2007

171 Angola member May 8, 2007

172 Montenegro observer June 4, 2007

173 Serbia member September 24, 2007

members:
-%: 31 (24)
172 I: 37
total countries: 32 0%: 3 (5)
observers: II: 21
+%: 2 (7)
1

[edit] Signed but not yet ratified

reduction
% for Ratification/Ac
Country UNFCCC annex target Signed Notes
ratification ceptance
2008/12

New Labor-led govt

[6] elected November
Australia member I, II 2.1% +8% April 29, 1998
24, 2007 indicates
that it plans to ratify

[12]
Kazakhstan member -[13] none yet[14] March 12, 1999

members:
2
total countries:
observers:
0

[edit] Not intending to ratify

reduction
% for
Country UNFCCC annex target Signed Ratification/Acceptance Notes
ratification
2008/12

April 29, Indicated that it will not

Australia member I, II 2.1% +8%[6]
1998 ratify. This govt was
defeated in elections of
 13
November 24, 2007. New
govt leadership indicates
that it plans to ratify.

November Federal government has

United States member I, II 36.1% -7%
12, 1998 not ratified

members:
-%: 1
2 I: 2
total countries: 2 0%: 0
observers: II: 2
+%: 1
0

[edit] No position expressed yet

reduction
% for
Entity UNFCCC annex target Signed Ratification/Acceptance Notes
ratification
2008/12

Afghanistan member

Andorra observer

Brunei observer

Central African Republic member

Chad member

Comoros member

Iraq observer

Republic of China (Taiwan)

Sahrawi Arab Democratic

Republic

Saint Kitts and Nevis member

San Marino member

 14

São Tomé and Príncipe member

Somalia observer

Tajikistan member

Timor-Leste member

Tonga member

none
Turkey member I, -[15] -[9]
yet[11]

Vatican City observer

Zimbabwe member

members:
13
I: 1
total entities: observers:
II: 0
5
none: 3

[edit] References

1. ^ Kyoto Protocol Status of Ratification (pdf). Retrieved on October 12, 2006.

2. ^ Status of Ratification. UNFCCC's Kyoto Protocol Background. Retrieved on May 8, 2007.
3. ^ As per Kyoto protocol annex B [1]
4. ^ a b Cyprus and Malta become EU members after the signature of the Kyoto protocol, but have not yet
changed their status to become annex I/II/B states and thus have no commitment for emissions
reduction. However, as EU members they are obliged to participate in the EU ETS
5. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y The EU15 has a total aggregate figure -8% for reduction;
emissions will be pooled among member states trough internal EU reduction assignments mentioned in
the brackets (thus increases in some member states are compensated by bigger reductions in others).
The 12 member states that entered the union later - in 2004 and 2007 retain their individual Kyoto
targets ranging from none for non-annex Cyprus and Malta to -8%. [2]
6. ^ a b c d e f g h i increase allowed
7. ^ The EU member states are also members of the UNFCCC on their own.
8. ^ a b c d e Neither reduction required, nor increase allowed - emissions should stay at their 1990 level.
9. ^ a b c d e f For some reason despite being annex-I states some countries' emissions are not calculated into
the total percentage for entry into force of the Kyoto protocol.
10. ^ New Zealand's territories of the Cook Islands and Niue are also members of the UNFCCC on their own.
11. ^ a b Annex I countries that were not parties to the UNFCCC at the time of signing of the Kyoto protocol
have no reduction targets assigned.
12. ^ Kazakhstan has declared that it wants to become annex I state after its ratification of the protocol. Its
reduction target under annex B is thus not yet determined.
13. ^ At the time of signing of the Kyoto protocol Kazakhstan was not annex I state, that's why its emissions
are not calculated in the figure for the ratification.
14. ^ To be determined when Kazakhstan becomes annex I state
15. ^ Turkey was removed from the annex II list in 2001 at its request its economy to be recognised as a
transition one

Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Kyoto_Protocol_signatories"

Category: Climate change policies