BOTTOM UP AND TOP DOWN PROCESSING

ACCORDING TO JACK C. RICHARD.

1. What are Bottom Up processing and Top Down processing

according to Jack C. Richards?
First, Bottom Up processing is basically the traditional view of
comprehesion and it suggests that the meaning is contained in the words
the we hear or see the meaning and the message are all contained in the
language that we hear; however, Top down processing suggests that we
start from the meaning and then work towards language, in other words,
that we bring to comprehension background knowledge, ideas,
information, expectations and we use this as we listen.

2. What do we have to do as teachers when teaching a

listening or Reading activity?
Pre listening is the first way in which we have to engage students with the
topic to actvate their knowledge.

3. What is schema according to Jack C. Richards?

It refers to the body of knowledge that you bring to bear on a particular
topic or a situation. Then, to make schemas in the mind of the stufents to
engage them with the topic so they can get familiar with it. Moreover, the
listening comprehensition Will be more easier for them.

4. What does comprehension involve according to Jack C.

Richards and what do we have to keep in mind when
teaching comprehension?
Comprehension is a process that draws on both language
based processing as well as meaning based processing bottom
up and top down.
On the other hand, we have to keep in mind the activation of the
students, it would be posible making predictions to guess whats
coming to draw on their the knowledge of the world to enable
them to listen the way people do in authentic listening situations.