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Procedure For Determining Speed and Climbing Performance of Airships 1936
Procedure For Determining Speed and Climbing Performance of Airships 1936
Procedure For Determining Speed and Climbing Performance of Airships 1936
No. 564
!
PROCEDURE FOR DETERZINING SPEED AI_D CLI_BING
PERFOR_ANCE OF AIRSHIPS
By F. L. Thompson
Langley },{emorial Aeronautical Laboratory
FILE COPY
Tobeneumed
_
PERFORMANCE OF AIRSHIPS
By F. L. Thompson
SUMMARY
INTRODUCTION
Instrument l_ethe d
. \
?
where d is the maximum diameter of the tube and r is
the radius of a section at any d,istance x measured from
the extreme tip. The curvature terminates at x- d. The
tube, which has a diameter of 2 inches, is loaded with
lead to make it heavy enough for satisfactory suspension
and is eq_Jipped with stabilizing surfaces to keep it point-
I_.A.C.A. Technical Note No. ,564 5
Vi = 45.08 _-q
and V = V i
p 459.4 + T O
P = Pox Po 459.4 + T
8 !T.A.C.A. Technic, al Note ,No. 56,4
Speed-Course }_.et
hod
tI t_ I
Va -- X
2 1.467
V - Va
COS C_
or
V = + (Vw sin e)
i0 }T.A.C.A. Technical i\Tote iTo. 564
sVa
2V a I + Va s
" 5V a . . .
+ Va
2Va l - s
I. Suspended-head method: :
A. Obserwat ions:
6. Inclinat ion.
B. Calculations:
Vi = Vi, yK
459.4 + T
8 = 0.05772 X .................
.
P
V = Vi j_
C. Plot:
A. 0bservat ions: _
B, Calculations:
s_+ s
tl t2 1
Va - 2 X 1. 467
V - Va
COS O_
or
from Vi = V
C. Plots:
Same as IC,
16 _T.A.C.A. Technical Note No. 564
A. Observations:
B. Calculations:
V
Vi - j-_-
C. Plots:
Same as iC
RATE-0F-CLIMB MEASUREi_NTS
General l_iethod
Ah = - Ap I___
gP
Ah - Ap I
Vc At At gp
-_ Vc
8 = sin
V
Instruments
Pl
p_ : 0.04120 X 459.4 + T_
Pe - Pl
- 13.59
At T2 - Tl
Pl + P2
2
(P2 - 1
Vc = - 70.7
t2 - tl (p l + p ) 32.17
2
v c (f.p.s.)
e = sin- I
1.467 V (m.p.h.)
22 N.A.C.A. Technical Note No, 564
A!t itude:
Time:
tI - 0
t 2 = 62 seconds
T emp erature:
T1 ' = 75 o F.
T_' :-- 73 F.
V.'
l : 50 miles _ per ho_Ir (average)
TI = 77 F.
T2 : 75 F.
25.39
-L _0.001957
P2 = 0.04120 x 459,4 + 75
V. = 47 7 00"002578.00200
-_ 51.2 m.p.h.
20,92
sin e : : 0.278
51.2 X 1.467
or
8 : 1 6.2 o
24 N.A.C.A. Technical Note No, 56A
A. Observations:
4. Air-speed meter.
5. Inclinometer.
B. Calculations:
--= X 13.59.
At (t= -
If desired, also find rate of change of pressure
altitude in feet per second from
At ( t2 - tI ) "
26 N.A.C.A. Technical Note No. 564
Pl etc.
Pl = 0.04120 x 460 + Tl
-70.7 (p_ - pl ) 1
VC =
t2 - tI 'Pl + P_
32.17
2
V = 0;002378 Vi m.p.h.
j/ "
6. Find the sine of angle of climb e in degrees
from
sin e =
vo (f.p.s.)
1. 67v (m.p.h.)
arid _ from trigonometric tables.
C. Plot:
APPENDIX i
P = Pa + Pw
0.02,56 Pw
28 N.A.C.A. Technical Note No. 564
0.04120 Pa
0.0256 Pw + 0.04120 Pa
p =
459.4 + T
p(dry) = 1 - 0..1378 --
p /
Example :
T = 80 F.
Tw = 70 F.
and
Pa = 29.42 - 0.63 = 28.79
so that
The rat io
p (humid) 0.63
: 1 - o.z7s x - 0.992
p(dry) 29.4_
"I.A.C.A Technical l_ote No. 564 29
APPEND IX II
+ ..........
REFERENCE S
o F. in. Hg i! o F. in. Hg
lj
32 0.1804 i 70 0.739
33 .1878 } 71 .764
34 .1955 72 .790
............ 35 2034 73 .817
36 2117 74 845 ----
3'7 .2202 75 .87Z
38 .2290 76 .905
39 2382 77 933
........... 40 ----.---------3- ....... $477 78 964
41 .2575 79 . 996-_-
4.3 .2677 80 1,029
43 2782 81 1.0 ,-,7
0 ,..)
44 .2890 82 I .098
45
45 3002
[3118_-- N 33
84 1. 134
I 171--_-
47 . Zo
....
38 85 1.209
48 .3363 86 !.248
49 .3492 87
'-,_o,-- i 1.289
........ 50 ........................
-1 ......... oo,,,o _! 88 1.331
51 .3752 ................................
i[ 89 ........................ 1. 373---
52 .3903 II 90 1.417
53 .4049 I' 91 1.462
54 ,1201 ', 92 !. 50 8
55 4357 ! 93 1. 558
56 .4518 I! 94 ................................ 1,505
57 .4684 ! 95 1.655
58 .4856 96 I. 70 6
59 .5034 ii 97 1.759
60 .522, 98 1.813
61 ........... .541 ............ i' 99 1. 869_--
62 .560 ! lO0 i. 92
65 .580 IJ lOZ 1.985
64 .601 ,,ti 102 2.045
.......................
65 " 622 ....................
_ ............... ! 0 3 ,_.i07
")
66 . 644 Jl 104 ................. ,._".171 ......
57 ._67 li lO5 _._36
68 .690 i lOS _.303
69 .714 li 107 2. 372
ii 108 2.443
............................... .t!-
.............lO9 _.515--
_
I, ii0 _ 2 .589
Reference 7.
N.A.C.A. Technical Note No. 5_4 Fig. i
_D
_._
/
_ _
% .._ ffl
/
, )
o _,,' %
_ oa c,_
t/1 // "'
o
....., _ Ct/
4._
/ /
0 o_ co _ to L_ .._
r4
I I
_ Ii
,d) I ,-I,,4 I
, i !.H
__.._._L_____L
0
...........................
-i-_ I 0_.,_-'-I .,/ "_" '
_"_t _ 1
o,--il_ _Il _,_
I c,_
I......... _.L___.,_
_ _/,
_._ '--I ................. ._'_
.....
,_-_ I,_ _,.t / _ o
I _
i I "'-'''<_
i_- _ i ,_ I . 'I _ ..__._o
t ! i i
! ._ 0
(1)
j-
,_...
*r-I
c',\ ) "
!r _ "
,_,o L
---C-,,.!...... t ....
i .o_'_.'1"t"i I
............ .....
.! .--[............... _,
_2. O_ co b- tO kO _
_r, _ _ ,-.I o _ cQ
i i
..... 10}'J
o _.____
......... ................. " ......
4-
...... 0
i
0 0
"_+_
_s I .Og I \. i I on
_>_ .............- .............................
_........................
_ ........
r.-I,
1.00
0 i 2 S
Y
D distance from hull in terms of ....".........
dia_neter
max
) I B.
<---'--- 8 1/_,' _,.., s s/u*.... A
i
4" ->_
' (D
J T _ _ Q
>) k-
Z/4" I ""
a
"" LQ 0
ct _
i --_ I
I
6 /
O 7--- (._ _'
_F
Leg 2 N
,//
; b
_ ../ /
\ /
X ""-_ .\ ,/ "
"%.\,,,,, ,,," "
_igure 6.- Graphical method of finding true air speed from flights over
a triang_11ar speed course.
N.A.C.A. Technical Note No. 564 Fi .V
i !
" Ele-_ator id_fle_ted t,)/
obt$in zer_o "tChing i/
2.so t / .... _,
I
24O
, ! t
I. l i
4D -t * --I--
0
h
200 ! I- " _
] ..... 4.............
-----q
o
'H I I
@ 16() ...... -1 .....
0 _
0 I j
0 ,
o 120 i
fD ! I / ; }
o ..........................
,,___
.........
-/--4.... tL_ ,_
...... . ...........
! / ! ./l ) ! I
: i/ ! /I i J /
so .......
--........_-I,
.............
P--i....................
_.........
-t........
F ....
i I _ /i i/ j i i i
t......
i i
.--!-_-i.........
i
..........
+...................
*
-,-------!-.
........
_ .......
_ " i :
! ,/ i /_ j I
I ! / i / i i t
40 .....--1.......F .......
r7 .........
_/
_......................
jj I
[................................
I--_
I 1 L /
I , /i /! ' i I
I.......
u--/-
.....
,---_-
...... t.............
-4.............
-_
......... -I-
.......
I-
.........
_.......
-+-
......
! V" .-K _ : i t i
/
/i I /
.-/ 'I .
ii , ., "
1 I
/ _...-p'"- ] IP1tchl an_!el, degrees I 1
0 4 8 12 16 20
Figure T.- Increase in drag coefficient &me to pitch as a percentage of
the mininmm drag coefficient for U.S.S. Akron model.
V , true air speed
a
V , wind velocity
VI , V2 , ground velocities 0
2-
_ _
_ L ..... "2-
Parallel lan_arks
.../_ __