Founded in 1915 Volume 152 Number 1 July 2017

Copyright 2017 by the American Association of Orthodontists

CONTENTS
COVER
On the cover: When ovarian estrogen production ceases in women after menopause,
osteoclastic action can outweigh osteoblastic action and lead to bone loss. In the
skeleton, the result is osteoporosis. Could the discrepancy between bone resorption
and bone synthesis create a problem for postmenopausal orthodontic patients? Bone
turnover markers like RANKL and OPN are known to increase in the gingival crevicular
fluid 24 hours after orthodontic appliance activation. Smuthkochorn and colleagues at
Case Western Reserve University compared these bone turnover markers in the gingival
crevicular fluid of premenopausal and postmenopausal orthodontic patients at baseline
and again 24 hours after activating orthodontic appliances. They found that although
initial levels differed, they increased in both groups after 24 hours and the responses
were not significantly different. The smiling patient on the cover is Jessie Wilcox, who
was treated orthodontically by Dr Peter Pellegrini of Everett, Washington.

GUEST EDITORIAL
Evidence-based practice and the evidence pyramid: A 21st century orthodontic 1
odyssey
Priti Subhash Mulimani, Melaka, Malaysia

READERS' FORUM
Extraction frequencies 9
Robert Waxler, St Louis, Mo

Authors response 9
Tate H. Jackson, Chapel Hill, NC

Effect of cervical or high-pull headgear on the vertical dimensions of Class II Division 1 10

patients
Divya S and Kirankumar HC, Manipal and Davangere, India

Authors response 10
Erin Dobbins Zervas, Maria Therese S. Galang-Boquiren, Ales Obrez, Maria Grace Costa Viana,
Budi Kusnoto, Nelson Oppermann, Flavio Sanchez, and Enrique Garcia Romero, Louisville, Ky,
Chicago, Ill, Campinas, S~ao Paulo, Brazil, and Caracas, Venezuela

Effects of short-term in-vivo studies on orthodontic root resorption paradigms 11

Napthali Brezniak and Atalia Wasserstein, Tel Aviv and Jerusalem, Israel

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 CONTENTS continued

Authors response 12
Braydon M. Patterson, Oyku Dalci, Alexandra K. Papadopoulou, Suman Madukuri,
Jonathan Mahon, Peter Petocz, Axel Spahr, and M. Ali Darendeliler, Sydney, Australia, and
Thessaloniki, Greece

Harms and adverse events in clinical research 13

Florian Benicio Chauca, Lima, Peru

Authors response 14
Sergio Estelita Barros, Guilherme Janson, and Kelly Chiqueto, Porto Alegre and Bauru, Brazil

ETHICS IN ORTHODONTICS
No tricks, please 16
Peter M. Greco, Associate Editor for Ethics in Orthodontics, Philadelphia, Pa

SYSTEMATIC REVIEW
Compliance with removable orthodontic appliances and adjuncts: A systematic review 17
C and meta-analysis
E Dalya Al-Moghrabi, Fiorella Colonio Salazar, Nikolaos Pandis, and Padhraig S. Fleming, London,
United Kingdom, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, Bern, Switzerland and Corfu, Greece

ORIGINAL ARTICLES
Gingival crevicular fluid bone turnover biomarkers: How postmenopausal women 33
respond to orthodontic activation
Sorapan Smuthkochorn, J. Martin Palomo, Mark G. Hans, Corey S. Jones, and Leena Palomo,
Bangkok, Thailand, Cleveland, Ohio, and Chicago, Ill

Prevalence of malocclusion in Canadian children with autism spectrum disorder 38

Catherine Fontaine-Sylvestre, Annie Roy, Jean Rizkallah, Basma Dabbagh, and
Beatriz Ferraz dos Santos, Montreal, Quebec, Canada

Midpalatal suture maturation in 11- to 15-year-olds: A cone-beam computed 42

C tomographic study
E Diego Luiz Tonello, Victor de Miranda Ladewig, Fabio Pinto Guedes,
Ana Claudia de Castro Ferreira Conti, Renata Rodrigues Almeida-Pedrin, and
Leopoldino Capelozza-Filho, Bauru, S~ ao Paulo, Brazil

Elevation of a full-thickness mucoperiosteal flap alone accelerates orthodontic tooth 49

movement
Kelly M. Owen, Phillip M. Campbell, Jian Q. Feng, Paul C. Dechow, and Peter H. Buschang, Chicago,
Ill, and Dallas, Tex

Mesiodistal dental movement toward remodeled edentulous alveolar ridge: Digital 58

C model assessment
E Francyle Sim~oes Herrera Sanches, Patrcia Bittencourt Dutra dos Santos, Marcos Cezar Ferreira,
Karina Maria Salvatore Freitas, Jose Fernando Castanha Henriques, Guilherme Janson, and
Daniela Garib, Bauru, S~ao Paulo, Caico, Rio Grande do Norte, Vassouras, Rio de Janeiro, and
Maringa, Parana, Brazil

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Correlation between buccolingual tooth inclination and alveolar bone thickness in 66

subjects with Class III dentofacial deformities
Michelle Sendyk, Jo~ao Batista de Paiva, Jorge Abr~
ao, and Jose Rino Neto, S~
ao Paulo, Brazil

Perceived facial changes of Class II Division 1 patients with convex profiles after 80
C functional orthopedic treatment followed by fixed orthodontic appliances
E Kleopatra Tsiouli, Nikolaos Topouzelis, Moschos A. Papadopoulos, and Nikolaos Gkantidis,
Thessaloniki, Greece, and Bern, Switzerland

Correlation and reliability of cone-beam computed tomography nasopharyngeal 92

volumetric and area measurements as determined by commercial software against
nasopharyngoscopy-supported diagnosis of adenoid hypertrophy
Camila Pach^eco-Pereira, Noura Alsufyani, Michael Major, Sandra Palomino-Gomez,
Jose Roberto Pereira, and Carlos Flores-Mir, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, and
Lima, Peru

CASE REPORTS
Miniscrew-assisted customized lingual appliances for predictable treatment of skeletal 104
Class II malocclusion with severe deep overbite and overjet
Xue-Dong Wang, Fei-fei Lei, Da-Wei Liu, Jie-Ni Zhang, Wei-tao Liu, Yang Song, and
Yan-Heng Zhou, Beijing, China

Lateral open bite and crossbite correction in a Class III patient with missing maxillary 116
first premolars
Jae Hyun Park, Joseph Yu, and Jong-Moon Chae, Mesa, Ariz, Seoul and Iksan, Korea, and Calgary,
Alberta, Canada

LITIGATION AND LEGISLATION

Orthodontic chart documentation 126
Ahmad Abdelkarim and Laurance Jerrold, Jackson, Miss, and Brooklyn, NY

STATISTICS AND RESEARCH DESIGN

Introduction to incidence rates and time-changing variables for cohort studies 131
Despina Koletsi and Nikolaos Pandis, London, United Kingdom, Athens and Corfu, Greece, and Bern,
Switzerland

CONTINUING EDUCATION
Instructions 133

BOOK REVIEW
Biomechanics in orthodontics 134
Reviewed by Jean-Marc Retrouvey

IN MEMORIAM
Robert Shaye, 1937-2017 136
Ahmad Abdelkarim, Jackson, Miss

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DIRECTORY: AAO OFFICERS AND ORGANIZATIONS 137

READER'S SERVICE
Information for authorson the Internet, go to www.ajodo.org, For Authors, Author
Information

Information for readers A18

Classified ad section A21

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