1.

An earthquake (also known as a quake, tremor or temblor) is the shaking

of the surface of the Earth, resulting from the sudden release of energy in the
Earth's lithosphere that creates seismicwaves.

2. The crust of the Earth is composed of a great variety of igneous,

metamorphic, and sedimentary rocks. The crust is underlain by the mantle.
The upper part of the mantle is composed mostly of peridotite, a rock denser
than rocks common in the overlying crust.

5. CRUST --The thin, outermost layer of the earth is called the crust. It makes
up only one percent of the earth's mass. This consists of the continents and
ocean basins. The crust has varying thickness, ranging between 35-70 km
thick in the continents and 5-10 km thick in the ocean basins. Within the crust,
intricate patterns are created when rocks are redistributed and deposited in
layers through the geologic processes. The crust is composed mainly of
alumino-silicates.
MANTLE -- The mantle is a dense, hot layer of semi-solid rock approximately
2,900 km thick and is composed mainly of ferro-magnesium silicates. This is
where most of the internal heat of the Earth is located. .Large convective cells
in the mantle circulate heat and may drive plate tectonic processes.
CORE - Below the mantle is the core. It makes up nearly one third the mass
of the earth. The Earth's core is actually made up of two distinct parts: a 2,200
km-thick liquid outer core and a 1,250 km-thick solid inner core. The outer
core is made of iron and is very dense. As the Earth rotates, the liquid outer
core spins, creating the Earth's magnetic field. The inner core is made of solid
iron and nickel. Many scientists believe it is kept in the solid state because of
the extreme pressure from the other layers

6. Climate is the statistics of weather over long periods of time. It is measured

by assessing the patterns of variation in temperature, humidity, atmospheric
pressure, wind, precipitation, atmospheric particle count and other
meteorological variables in a given region over long periods of time.

7. The gases and dust particles thrown into the atmosphere

during volcanic eruptions have influences on climate. Most of the particles
spewed from volcanoes cool the planet by shading incoming solar radiation.
The cooling effect can last for months to years depending on the
characteristics of the eruption.

8. a gradual increase in the overall temperature of the earth's atmosphere

generally attributed to the greenhouse effect caused by increased levels of
carbon dioxide, chlorofluorocarbons, and other pollutants.

9. a measure of the warmth or coldness of an object or substance with

reference to some standard value. The temperature of two systems is the
same when the systems are in thermal equilibrium.

10. an instrument that measures and records details of earthquakes, such as

force and duration..