AIM :-To Create a solid model of a rectangular cross section cantilever beam having Length 300mm

and Cross Section of 30mm x 20mm and simulate it by a load of 80kg acting downward direction at
its free end in FEA

INDRODUCTION

Finite element analysis (FEA) is the modelling of products and systems in a virtual environment, for
the purpose of finding and solving potential (or existing) structural or performance issues. FEA is the
practical application of the finite element method (FEM), which is used by engineers and scientist to
mathematically model and numerically solve very complex structural, fluid, and Multiphysics
problems. FEA software can be utilized in a wide range of industries, but is most commonly used in
the aeronautical, biomechanical and automotive industries.

A finite element (FE) model comprises a system of points, called nodes, which form the shape of the
design. Connected to these nodes are the finite elements themselves which form the finite element
mesh and contain the material and structural properties of the model, defining how it will react to
certain conditions. The density of the finite element mesh may vary throughout the material,
depending on the anticipated change in stress levels of a particular area. Regions that experience high
changes in stress usually require a higher mesh density than those that experience little or no stress
variation. Points of interest may include fracture points of previously tested material, fillets, corners,
complex detail, and high-stress areas.

FE models can be created using one-dimensional (1D beam), two-dimensional (2D shell) or three-
dimensional (3D solid) elements. By using beams and shells instead of solid elements, a representative
model can be created using fewer nodes without compromising accuracy.

Types of analysis performed on FEA

Linear statics: linear analysis with applied loads and constraints that are static

Nonlinear statics and dynamics: effects due to contact (where one part of the model comes into
contact with another), nonlinear material definitions (plasticity, elasticity, etc.) and large displacement
(strains that exceed small displacement theory that limits a linear analysis approach)

Normal modes: natural frequencies of vibration

Dynamic response: loads or motions that vary with time and frequency

Buckling: critical loads at which a structure becomes unstable

Heat transfer: conduction, radiation and phase change

The finite element method (FEM) is a numerical method for solving problems of engineering and
mathematical physics. It is also referred to as finite element analysis (FEA). Typical problem areas of
interest include structural analysis, heat transfer, fluid flow, mass transport, and electromagnetic
potential. The analytical solution of these problems generally require the solution to boundary value
problems for partial differential equations. The finite element method formulation of the problem
results in a system of algebraic equations. The method yields approximate values of the unknowns at
discrete number of points over the domain.[1] To solve the problem, it subdivides a large problem
into smaller, simpler parts that are called finite elements. The simple equations that model these finite
elements are then assembled into a larger system of equations that models the entire problem. FEM
then uses variational methods from the calculus of variations to approximate a solution by minimizing
an associated error function.

PROCEDURE

1. Preparation of CAD model of given dimension.

2. Material Section for analysis.
 Properties
Name: Alloy Steel
Model type: Linear Elastic Isotropic
Yield strength: 6.20422e+008 N/m^2
Tensile strength: 7.23826e+008 N/m^2
Elastic modulus: 2.1e+011 N/m^2
Poisson's ratio: 0.28
Mass density: 7700 kg/m^3
Shear modulus: 7.9e+010 N/m^2
Thermal expansion 1.3e-005 /Kelvin
coefficient:

3. One end is fixed and load of 80g equivalent to 784.8N applied at the end of cantilever beam
as shown in figure below.

Fixed support

784.4N Downward force applied

4) Meshing is done

Mesh information
Mesh type Solid Mesh
Mesher Used: Standard mesh
Element Size 5.64784 mm
Mesh Quality Plot High
 Total Nodes 12873
Total Elements 8036
Time to complete mesh(hh;mm;ss): 00:00:02

Results and conclusion

Study Results

Name Type Min Max

Stress1 VON: von Mises Stress 314,286.125N/m^2 116,530,600.000N/m^2
Node: 687 Node: 552

BEAM-Static 2-Stress-Stress1

Name Type Min Max

Displacement1 URES: Resultant Displacement 0.000 mm 1.679 mm
Node: 1 Node: 338

BEAM-Static 2-Displacement-Displacement1
Name Type Min Max
Strain1 ESTRN: Equivalent Strain 5.54e-006 0.000424
Element: 3379 Element: 6017

BEAM-Static 2-Strain-Strain1

Name Type Min Max

Factor of Safety1 Automatic 5.324e+000 1.974e+003
Node: 552 Node: 687

BEAM-Static 2-Factor of Safety-Factor of Safety1

Name Type
Displacement1{1} Deformed shape
BEAM-Static 2-Displacement-Displacement1{1}