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107 355 1 PB PDF
107 355 1 PB PDF
2 September 2013
ABSTRACT
Problems of operation of pump equipments which must be paid
attention to especially is going together head and qapacity yielded. If fluid
use have the viscosity which different each other, hence will influince the
loss head so that do not always apllicable to pumping.
Problems that happened is how to maximize the pump fuction
minimization of loss arising out aplicable to characteristic pump especiallly
at centrifugal pump. Reseach of stream loss of parallel pump instalation
aim to analyse the influince water viscosity and the detergent water to loss
of arising out stream. Mostly in industry world which is most using liquid
fluid a lot of using pump this type, because of easy treatment and do not
need specialty in running it, but important to remember pump used for the
fluid of having lowest viscosity.
Result of research show the viscosity water of this irrigate the
detergent. 1.16910-6 m2/s. Loss of head fluid irrigate at spillway rotation opened
the full of; closed ; closed ; closed each are 0.226 m; 0.128 m; 0.085 m
and 0.013 m. While at fluid irrigate the detergent of loss head of at spillway
rotation opened the full of; closed ; closed ; closed each are 0.167 m;
0.1002 m; 0.054 m and 0.005 m. Pursuant to analysis of at fluid irrigate
and irrigate the detergent, loss of head become of by the spillway rotation
closed that is 0.031 m and 0.038 m, because its stream speed minimize
that is 0.41 m/s. While at rotation opened full of level of loss head are 0.226
m and represent the compared to biggest loss head of other spillway
rotation. This matter result the fluent fluid flow becoming is not fluent.
a. Kerapatan
Besarnya kerapatan adalah
M
=
V
.(1)
Dimana = Kerapatan massa (kg/m3)
M = Massa zat cair (kg)
V = Volume m3
Hubungan antara kerapatan dan berat jenis adalah :
= .g ......
(2)
Dimana = Berat jenis (kg/m2s2)
= Kerapatan massa (kg/m3)
g = Percepatan grafitasi (m/s2)
Hubungan antara kerapatan dengan volume jenis (v) adalah :
1
v=
.. (3)
b. Kekentalan
Dalam beberapa masalah mengenai gerak zat cair kekentalan
absolute atau kekentalan dinamik dihubungkan dengan rapat
massa dalam bentuk :
v=
.. (4)
Dimana v = Kekentalan kinetic (m2/s)
= Kekentalan dinamik (Ns/m2)
= Kerapatan massa (kg/m3)
V .D
Re =
v
(5 )
Dimana Re = bilangan reynold
V = Kecepatan rata rata aliran dalam pipa (m/s)
D = Diameter dalam pipa (m)
v = Kekentalan kinetik (m2/s)
Jika angka Re < 2.300 ,aliran bersifat laminar.
Jika angka Re > 4000 ,aliran bersifat turbulen.
Jika angka Re = 2300 4000 terdapat daerah transisi
dimana aliran dapat bersifat laminar ataupun turbulen
tergantung pada kondisi pipa dan aliran.
.L.V 2
hf =
D.2.g
(6)
Dimana : hf = Kerugian head gesek (m)
= Kerugian head gesek (m)
L = Panjang piupa (m)
V = Kecepatan rat rata didalam pipa (m/s)
D = Diameter dalam pipa (m)
2 9
3
1 8
7
6
4
Keterangan gambar :
1. Katub pengatur debit aliran
2. Manometer
3. Skaklar
4. Peluap
5. Gelas pengukur tinggi air diatas puncak peluap
6. Bak penampung air
7. Pompa 1
8. Pompa 2
9. Flow meter
PERHITUNGAN VISCOSITAS
TIDAK
PENGOLAHAN DATA
YA
PEMBAHASAN
KESIMPULAN
= 996,5 kg /m3
Dan dengan cara yang sama viscositas diterjen dari hasil
viscositas kinetik air sebesar percobaan didapat :
0,8649 x 10 -6 m2/s.Pada
Massa picno kosong = 15,6402 gram.
Massa picno + massa air = 40,7067 gram
Massa air = 40,7067 15,6402 = 25,06 gram.
massa 25,06.103
Volume picno = = = 0,025.10 3 m3
996,5
Kerugian Minor
PUTARAN Head Losses (Hm) Debit (Q) m3/s Kecepatan (V) m/s Koefisien Losses Bilangan Reynolds
KATUP
air Air air Air Air Air Air Air Air Air
Ditutup 0,1637 0,4264 7,61 x 10-4 6.5 x 10-4 1,5 1,28 1,42 5.11 37,84 x 103 27,82 x 103
-4 -4 3
Ditutup 0,3068 0,864 6,04 x 10 4.57 x 10 1,19 0.9 4,25 16.56 30,02 x 10 19.61x 103
Ditutup 3/4 0,9513 0,942 2,09 x 10-4 1.22 x 10-4 0,42 0.23 111,03 350 10,35 x 103 4.99 x 103
PUTARAN Head Losses (Hm) Debit (Q) m3/s Kecepatan (V) m/s Koefisien Losses Bilangan Reynolds
KATUP
air Air air Air Air Air Air Air Air Air
Terbuka penuh 0.226 0.167 10.06 x 10-4 9.03 x 10-4 1.98 1.79 0.023 0.0208 58.1 x 10-3 52.6x 10-3
Ditutup 0.085 0.054 6.04 x 10-4 4.57 x 10-4 1.19 0.9 0.024 0.027 30 x 10-3 19.5 x 10-3
-4 -4 -3
Ditutup 3/4 0.013 0.005 2.09 x 10 1.2 x 10 0.41 0.23 0.0313 0.038 10.3 x 10 4.99 x 10-3