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Analysis and Design of Prestressed Concrete Box Girder Bridge PDF
Analysis and Design of Prestressed Concrete Box Girder Bridge PDF
Abstract:- Bridge construction today has achieved a worldwide level of importance. Bridges are the
key elements in any road network Use of box girder is gaining popularity in bridge engineering
fraternity because of its better stability, serviceability, economy, aesthetic appearance and structural
efficiency. The structural behavior of box girder is complicated, which is difficult to analyze in its
actual conditions by conventional methods. In present study a two lane simply supported Box
Girder Bridge made up of prestressed concrete which is analysis for moving loads as per Indian
Road Congress (IRC:6) recommendations, Prestressed Code (IS: 1343) and also as per IRC: 18 specifications. The analyzed of box girder using SAP 2000
14 Bridge Wizard and prestressed with parabolic tendons in which utilize full section. The various span/ depth ratio considered to get the proportioning
depth at which stresses criteria and deflection criteria get satisfied.
Keywords: Concrete Box Girder Bridge, Prestress Force, Eccentricity, Prestress Losses, Reinforcement, Flexure strength, shear strength, SAP Model.
I. INTRODUCTION
Prestress concrete is ideally suited for the construction of medium and long span bridges. Ever since the development of prestressed concrete by
Freyssinet in the early 1930s, the material has found extensive application in the construction of long-span bridges, gradually replacing steel which needs
costly maintenance due to the inherent disadvantage of corrosion under aggressive environment conditions. One of the most commonly used forms of
superstructure in concrete bridges is precast girders with cast-in-situ slab. This type of superstructure is generally used for spans between 20 to 40 m. T or
I-girder bridges are the most common example under this category and are very popular because of their simple geometry, low fabrication cost, easy
erection or casting and smaller dead loads. In this paper study the India Road Loading considered for design of bridges, also factor which are important to
decide the preliminary sizes of concrete box girders. Also considered the IRC:18-2000 for Prestressed Concrete Road Bridges and Code of Practice
for Prestressed Concrete Indian Standard. Analyze the Concrete Box Girder Road Bridges for various spans, various depth and check the proportioning
depth.
II. FORMULATION
A. Loading on Box Girder Bridge
The various type of loads, forces and stresses to be considered in the analysis and design of the various components of the bridge are given in IRC
6:2000(Section II. But the common forces are considered to design the model are as follows:
Dead Load(DL): The dead load carried by the girder or the member consists of its own weight and the portions of the weight of the superstructure and any
fixed loads supported by the member. The dead load can be estimated fairly accurately during design and can be controlled during construction and
service.
Superimposed Dead Load (SIDL): The weight of superimposed dead load includes footpaths, earth-fills, wearing course, stay-in -place forms, ballast,
water-proofing, signs, architectural ornamentation, pipes, conduits, cables and any other immovable appurtenances installed on the structure.
Live Load(LL): Live loads are those caused by vehicles which pass over the bridge and are transient in nature. These loads cannot be estimated precisely,
and the designer has very little control over them once the bridge is opened to traffic. However, hypothetical loadings which are reasonably realistic need
to be evolved and specified to serve as design criteria. There are four types of standard loadings for which road bridges are designed.
i. IRC Class 70R loading
ii. IRC Class AA loading
iii. IRC Class A loading
iv. IRC Class B loading
The model is design by considering IRC Class A loading, which is normally adopted on all roads on which permanent bridges and culverts are constructed.
Total load is 554, the Fig.1 show the complete details of Class A.
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Analysis and design of prestressed concrete box girder bridge http://www.engineeringcivil.com/analysis-and-design-of-prestressed-conc...
Other information regarding Live load combination as per IRC:6 2000 Clause No.207.1 Note No.4
B. Thickness of Web
The thickness of the web shall not be less than d/36 plus twice the clear cover to the reinforcement plus diameter of the duct hole whered is the overall
depth of the box girder measured from the top of the deck slab to the bottom of the soffit or 200 mm plus the diameter of duct holes, whichever is greater.
E. Losses in Prestress
While assessing the stresses in concrete and steel during tensioning operations and later in service, due regard shall be paid to all losses and variations in
stress resulting from creep of concrete, shrinkage of concrete, relaxation of steel, the shortening (elastic deformation) of concrete at transfer, and friction
and slip of anchorage.
In computing the losses in prestress when untensioned reinforcement is present, the effect of the tensile stresses developed by the untensioned
reinforcement due to shrinkage and creep shall be considered.
b = width in the case of rectangular member and width of the rib in the case of T, I and L beams
d = overall depth of the member
fcp = compressive stress at centroidal axis due to prestress taken as positive.
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Analysis and design of prestressed concrete box girder bridge http://www.engineeringcivil.com/analysis-and-design-of-prestressed-conc...
Preliminary data
Clear span = 30m
Width of roadway = 7.5 m
Overhang from face of girder = 1.2m
Deck thickness = 0.2 m
Bottom slab thickness = 0.2 m
Girder thickness = 0.3 m
As per IS:1343-1980
Ec = 5700fck1/2 = 40.30 kN/m2
fp = 1862 Mpa, n = 0.85, E = 2105 Mpa
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Analysis and design of prestressed concrete box girder bridge http://www.engineeringcivil.com/analysis-and-design-of-prestressed-conc...
Validation of Resuts
The bending moment, shear force and deflection result obtained by SAP 2000. The bending moment and shear force are calculated by considering
different loading condition such as dead load, live load and superimposed load. Same as deflection calculated. This results are the Case:1.
Table.1 Deflection
mm
Span
0.0L 0.1L 0.2L 0.3L 0.4L 0.5L
(m)
Span
0.0L 0.1L 0.2L 0.3L 0.4L 0.5L
(m)
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Analysis and design of prestressed concrete box girder bridge http://www.engineeringcivil.com/analysis-and-design-of-prestressed-conc...
548 19380.69
650 17655.06
731 16489.15
Span
^S ^C ^E ^A ^F ^R Total n
(m)
Where,
^S = Shrinkage
^C= Creep
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Analysis and design of prestressed concrete box girder bridge http://www.engineeringcivil.com/analysis-and-design-of-prestressed-conc...
^E = Shortening of concrete
^A = Slip in anchorage
^F = Friction
^R = Relaxation
n= Efficiency
After Losses, effective Prestressing Force
(P) = P (1-Losses) = 14011.51 kN
Compressive Stress at
Transfer = 6.66 < 0.5 fcj = 20 mpa
Service = 8.367 < 0.33 fck = 16.5 mpa
Tensile stress at
Initial Stage = 2.979 < 3mpa
Failure by
Failure by
Ultimate Moment crushing
Span yielding of
Mu = (1.5DL +2.5 of
(m) steel
LL) (kN.m) concrete
(kN.m)
(kN.m)
0.0L 0.00
0.1L 11574.43
0.2L 20394.85
340578.53 5970560
0.3L 26598.28
0.4L 30402.45
0.5L 31654.88
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Analysis and design of prestressed concrete box girder bridge http://www.engineeringcivil.com/analysis-and-design-of-prestressed-conc...
Main Reinforcement
Ast = 3192.6824 mm/2
Providing 16mm bars dia 100 mm c/c
Design of Transverse Reinforcement
M = 0.3ML + 0.2(MDL + MSIDL)
M = 324 kN.m
Ast = 724.74 mm/2
Providing 12 mm dia bars @ 160 mm c/c
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Analysis and design of prestressed concrete box girder bridge http://www.engineeringcivil.com/analysis-and-design-of-prestressed-conc...
Deflection
Prestress
Eccentricity
Span/Depth Force DL +LL
(mm) DL-Prestress
(kN) Prestress
Force
Force
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Analysis and design of prestressed concrete box girder bridge http://www.engineeringcivil.com/analysis-and-design-of-prestressed-conc...
V. CONCLUSION
This paper gives basic principles for portioning of concrete box girder to help designer to start with project. Box girder shows better resistance to the
torsion of superstructure. The various trail of L/d ratio are carried out for Box Girder Bridges, deflection and stress criteria satisfied the well within
permissible limits. As the depth increases, the prestressing force decreases and the no. of cables decrease. Because of prestressing the more strength of
concrete is utilized and also well governs serviceability.
VI. REFERENCES
1. IRC: 18 2000 DESIGN CRITERIA FOR PRESTRESSED CONCRETE ROAD BRIDGES (POST TENSIONED CONCRETE) THE INDIAN
ROADS CONGRESS.
2. IRC: 6- 2000 STANDARD SPECIFICATIONS AND CODE OF PRACTICE FOR ROAD BRIDGESTHE ROAD CONGRESS.
3. IS: 1343 1980 CODE OF PRACTICE FOR PRESTRESSED CONCRETE INDIAN STANDARD.
4. Andre Picard and Bruno Massicotte, Member SERVICEABILITY DESIGN OF PRESTRESSED CONCRETE BRIDGES JOURNAL OF BRIDGE
ENGINEERING / FEBRUARY 1999
5. Ferhat Akgul and Dan M. Frangopol Lifetime Performance Analysis of Existing Prestressed Concrete Bridge Superstructures JOURNAL OF
STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING ASCE / DECEMBER 2004
6. James H. Loper,1 Eugene L. Marquis,2 Members and Edward J. Rhomberg Fellow. PRECAST PRESTRESSED LONG-SPAN BRIDGES JOURNAL
OF STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING ASCE
7. John R. Fowler, P.Eng, Bob Stofko, P.Eng. Precast Options for Bridge Superstructure Design Economical and Social Linkages Session of the 2007
Annual Conference of the Transportation Association of Canada Saskatoon, Saskatchewan.
8. Krishna Raju DESIGN OF BRIDGES OXFORD & IBH PUBLISHING CO. PVT. LTD.
9. Prof. Dr.-Ing. G. Rombach Concepts for prestressed concrete bridges Segmental box girder bridges with external prestressing Technical University,
Hamburg-Harburg, Germany.
10. Tushar V. Ugale, Bhavesh A. Patel and H. V. Mojidra (2006).
We at engineeringcivil.com are thankful to Er. Priyanka Bhivgade for submitting her research on Analysis and design of prestressed concrete box
girder bridge to us. We are hopeful that this will be of great use to all civil engineers who are willing to understand the design of prestressed concrete
box girder.
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9 of 12 11/16/2013 10:15 PM
Analysis and design of prestressed concrete box girder bridge http://www.engineeringcivil.com/analysis-and-design-of-prestressed-conc...
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Comments
It is very useful information for design engineers especially Bridge Design engineer.I shall be thankful if you could send me the Excel sheets for this
design as I intend to use it in near future.Thanks and regards
Engr. Hameed A Sheikh
I got more information from the documents about bridge design.If u send me more other information about bridge design or other related documents
I develop my knowledge for the future. Thanks for your cooperation.
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