TMHL41 2014-06-11

TMHL41 2014-03-20 (Del I, teori; 1 p.)

1. Evaluate the following expressions involving the Kronecker delta and the permutation symbol
:

(a)

(b)

(c)

SOLUTION ----------------------------------------
(a)
(b)
(c)

TMHL41 2014-03-20 (Del I, teori; 1 p.)

2 Fill out the following table, i.e., mark which of the tensors are (by definition) symmetric and
nonsymmetric, respectively. (Note that even those which are not symmetric by definition may very
well be symmetric in particular cases!)

Symmetric Nonsymmetric
(Deformation gradient X
C (Cauchy-Green right deformation tensor) X
(Lagrange strain tensor) X
(infinitesimal strain tensor) X
(Cauchy stress tensor) X
(Rotation tensor) X

SOLUTION ----------------------------------------

See table above

 TMHL41 2014-06-11

TMHL41 2014-03-20 (Del I, teori; 1 p.)

3. A motion in a point in space is described as . Derive the material time derivative of a

property of a particle in this motion.

SOLUTION ----------------------------------------

TMHL41 2014-03-20 (Del I, teori; 1 p.)

4. (a) Define what is an isotropic material, and

(b) how many independent material constants are needed for a full description of an isotropic
linear elastic material?

SOLUTION ----------------------------------------
(a) An isotropic material is a material, which can be arbitrarily rotated relative to a fixed
reference system without affecting the stress strain relation expressed in that
reference system.
(b) 2 (for instance, and or the Lam constants and ) .

TMHL41 2014-03-20 (Del II, problem; 3 p.)

5. The stress tensor is given as

( ) [ ]

Compute the normal stress and the shear stress on the plane defined by its normal vector

 TMHL41 2014-06-11

SOLUTION ----------------------------------------

a he nor al stress [ ]

( ) ( ) ( )

he shear stress

[( ) ( ) ]

and so [( ) ( ) ] ( )

TMHL41 2014-03-20 (Del II, problem; 3 p.)

6. A continuum is deformed so that

{

A line element has in the reference configuration been marked in the plane.
Compute so that the stretch will be as large as possible and compute this ax .

SOLUTION ----------------------------------------

By Spencer p. 68:

here is a nit ector

We have

( ) [ ]

With cos sin , Eqs. (1) and (2) give

cos sin cos sin sin sin cos

 TMHL41 2014-06-11

Extremum search

d
sin cos cos sin sin cos
d

d sin
sin cos
d cos
[arctan ]

We must also check whether the extremes are min. or max. extremes:

d
cos sin
d

d
local in
d
d
local ax
{ d

Therefore, cos sin

ax sin
and can be computed from Eq. (3): sin cos

TMHL41 2014-03-20 (Del II, problem; 3 p.)

7. A continuum is deformed so that

Assume that deformations are small and that the material is linearly elastic ( .
(a) Compute the Cauchy stress tensor and find any necessary conditions on the constants
and for static equilibrium to be fulfilled.
(b) Compute the principal stresses (provided that the above conditions are fulfilled).

SOLUTION ----------------------------------------
(a)

( ) [ ]

( ) ( ) [ ]
 TMHL41 2014-06-11

Linear elasticity [Spencer (8.22)]:

( ) [ ]

[s all defor ations]

{ {

(b)
according to Eq. (3) gives the determinant equation to solve for principal stresses:

| |

[ ]{[ ] }

TMHL41 2014-03-20 (Del II, problem; 3 p.)

8. In a particular case, the components of the deformation gradient tensor are

[ ]
Perform the polar decomposition , i.e.,
(a) determine the components of the right stretch tensor in this coordinate system, and
(b) determine the corresponding rotation tensor .

SOLUTION ----------------------------------------
(a)

[ ][ ] [ ]
 TMHL41 2014-06-11

det | |
| |
{

[ ]
eigen ector [ ]

[ ]

{[ ] [ ] [ ]

[ ]
eigen ector [ ]
[ ]

{[ ] [ ] [ ]

[ ]
eigen ector [ ]

[ ]

{[ ] [ ] [ ]

Since we now have the principal values , and and the corresponding principal directions
and of we can easily compute in the original representation:

( )

[ ][ ] [ ] [ ]

(b) Inverting gives

[ ]
 TMHL41 2014-06-11

( ) [ ]

[ ]
[ ]