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Learning Objectives
Learning Objectives
Identify factors responsible for species to occupy defined niches; distinguish between
fundamental and realized niches and explain an example of this concept.
Recognize the positive, neutral, and negative pairwise effects that a species can have on another
species and be able to name and define the following interspecific interactions competition,
predation/parasitism/herbivory, and mutualism.
Explain how competition reduces fitness for both species involved and explain the long-term
consequences of competition: coexistence, competitive exclusion, resource partitioning, and
character displacement
Give a biological example of a mutualism and describe how mutualisms are vulnerable to
cheating.