WRINGTING TASK 1

CC CCH PARAPHRASE:
1. T ng ngha:
2. Thay i trt t:
3. i t V sang N hoc ngc li:
4. Dng mnh quan h:
5. Nm bt xong vit li cu.

Bar chart = column chart

different N (countries, areas,..) named/namely/including A, B,C,
The figure for X,Y,Z
That of
The one of .
Dng AMOUNT, NUMBER HOC QUANTITY: (dng khi n v c th nh s m, tn,
lng nc,..)

Danh t m c Danh t khng m c

Quantity of Quantity of
Number of Amount of
The level of The level of
The size of
All of the The whole (of the)
Many A great deal of

Example:
+ The car consumption -> the number of cars which was consumed/used
+ The waste treatment -> the amount waste which was treated
+ All of population
+ The whole energy used

Dng khi n v l phn trm:

+ Percentage of
+ Proportion of
+ Rate of
+ Ratio of
+ Portion of

Solution: (ni n gii php cho vn no )

+ Noun: method_solution_way_measure_approach_resolution_remedy_treatmen_therapy
+ Verb: solve_deal with_improve_treat_reduce

Time expressions (ni thi gian):

+ in -1990/the 20th century/the first ten years
+ for twenty years/six months
+ during .the first six months/the first half of this century/ the remainder of the year
+ from to/until
+ betweenand

Ni di hn:
+ in the period fromto/betweenand
+ in the first/last + (khong thi gian nh) of the + (khong thi gian ln)
Ex: in the first 3 years of the 1990s
In the last 4 months of the year
+ over the period to

Mt s n v thi gian:
- Decades, century

Trng t i vi s liu:
+ (Just) Over >< Under
+ around_about_approximately_roughly_

Ca MR.Bch
- SPENDING
+ Noun: Spending = expenditure/ spender = consumer (ngi chi tiu = ngi tiu dng)
+ Verb (active form): spend = use ones money (chi tiu = dng tin ca ai)
+ Verb (passive form): be spent on = be allocated for = be used for = be expended = be paid out
for(c chi tiu cho ci g = c phn b cho = c dng cho = c tr cho)
Example:
+ Around $800 per person was spent on IELTS books by Vietnamese consumers in 2017.
+ Germans were the lowest overall spenders, with roughly the same figures (just under
150,000) for each of the six products.
+ Spending on IELTS books increased dramatically to $800 in 2017.
+ Among US consumers, in 1990 $1 billion was spent on clothes, while the expenditure on
holidays was almost double this figure.
+ Almost half of government spending was allocated for health and education.
- CONSUMPTION
+ Noun: X consumption = X use/ the amount of X used/ consumed (Tiu dng cho X = Vic s
X/ Lng X c dng/ tiu th)
+ Verb: consume = use (Dng = tiu th)
Example:
+ The charts compare the amount of water used for agriculture, industry and homes around the
world, and water use in Brazil and the Democratic Republic of Congo.
+ We can also see that water consumption was considerably higher in Brazil than in the Congo.
+ The amount/The quantity of ice cream consumed fell from 5000 litres in 2004 to 3750 litres in
2007.
- INTERNET USAGE
+ Noun: Internet usage (vic s dng internet)
+ the population who used the Internet = people who used the Internet = people using the
Internet = people who had access to the Internet = people accessing the Internet = Internet users
(dn s s dng Internet = ngi dn s dng Internet = ngi c kt ni vi Internet = ngi s
dng Internet)
+ Verb: use = access = connected to
Example: :
+ Almost 100% of Canadians used the Internet, compared to about 80% of Americans and only
40% of Mexicans.
+ Overall, a much larger percentage of Canadians and Americans had access to the Internet in
comparison with Mexicans, and Canada experienced the fastest growth in Internet usage.
+ 50% of people using the Internet in the US are teenagers.
+ The number of Internet users rose sharply in Vietnam after 2002.
+ China witnessed an incredible growth in Internet usage over a period of 10 years.
+ The chart shows that in 2002, 50 million people had access to the Internet in Russia, compared
with 70 million ten years later.
- PRODUCTION
+ Noun: production, manufacture, generation
+ the amount of X produced/ the amount of X made by/ the amount of X manufactured/the
quantity of energy generated/the quantity of electricity generated (lng X c sn xut/ lm ra
bi)
+ Verb: to produce = to make = to manufacture = to generate (electricity/energy) (sn xut = lm
ra = to ra (in, nng lng))
Example: :
+ Total electricity production/generation increased dramatically from 1980 to 2000 in both
Australia and France.
+ The pie charts compare the amount of electricity produced/generated using five different
sources of fuel in two countries over two separate years.
+ The amount of rice produced in Thailand increased by 25%.
+ The amount of leather manufactured in the Dominican Republic increased between 1970 and
1975.
+ No one can predict the number of trainers that will made by China this year.