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NTU VirusBom Eng
NTU VirusBom Eng
NTU VirusBom Eng
People
Influenza A Deaths Case fatality
Pandemic Year infected
virus subtype (est.) rate
(approx)
500 million - 20 to 100
Spanish flu 1918–19 H1N1 >2.5%
1 billion million
Asian flu 1956-58 H2N2 2 million <0.1%
Hong Kong
1968–69 H3N2 1 million <0.1%
flu
5-15% (340
mainly A/H3N2, 250,000-
Seasonal flu Every year A/H1N1, and B
million - 1 <0.05%
500,000
billion) Virulence
SARS 2002/11- SARS-CoV 8,096 774 9.6%
03/7
Avian flu 2003-2009 H5N1 436 262 60%
2009 flu 2008/4 to Novel H1N1 ~0.5%
97,211 479
pandemic date Influenza
Glycoprotein—neuraminidase
H&N
The H stands for one of the 16 different hemagglutinin proteins contained in a virus
that allows it to penetrate a foreign body. The "N" stands for another protein in the
genetic make-up of a flu virus called neuraminidase, of which there currently exist
nine variations.
Ref: 1. www.fao.org/avianflu/en/alpha.html NTU Nano-BioMEMS Group
2. www.rajib.info/blog/tag/asian-flu
WHO Pandemic Alert Phases
Phase 1 No infections in humans are being caused by
viruses circulating in animals.
Phase 2 Animal flu virus causes infection in humans, and
is a potential pandemic threat.
Phase 3 Flu causes sporadic cases in people, but no significant
human-to-human transmission. H5N1
Phase 4 Human-to-human transmission and community-
level outbreaks.
Phase 5 Human-to-human transmission in at least two
countries. Strong signal pandemic imminent.
Phase 6 Virus spreads to another country in a different
region. Global pandemic under way. H1N1
Post-peak Post-peak: Pandemic activity appears to be
Post- decreasing though second wave possible. High rate of
pandemic Post-pandemic: activity returns to normal, infection
seasonal flu levels.
Ref: Muir, P, "Treatment of Influenza. Essential CPE. Continuing Education from the NTU Nano-BioMEMS Group
Pharmaceutical Society of Australia," Paragon Printers, Australasia, ACT (2002).
The size comparison among viruses,
bacteria and fungi
Infection Control
(approx)
500 million -
Spanish flu 1918–19
1 billion
Mutation
Asian flu 1956-58
Hong Kong
1968–69
flu
Virulence
5-15% (340
Seasonal flu Every year million - 1
billion) High rate of
infection
SARS 2002/11- 8,096
03/7
Avian flu 2003-2009 436
2009 flu 2008/4 to
97,211
pandemic date
NTU Nano-BioMEMS Group
NTU Nano-BioMEMS Group
Screening Chemicals (I):
Surface nanostructure design and chemical compound synthesis
for nanoscale virus
VirusBom
O-Antigen
n n n n n n n n n n n n n
Outer membrane
LPS
Outer core
Inner core
P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P
Lipid A
Outer
leaflet
Inner leaflet
SmL
SmL
Peptidoglycan SmL
Inner
SmL
membrane SmL
SmL
VirusBom
- - - - - - CTX CTX
control group
• Repeat for 4 times, CTX ( Cytotoxicity )
• The treatment of influenza virus subtype H1N1 by VirusBom at room temperature(25℃)
• MDCK cells are infected for 2 hrs at 37℃
NTU Nano-BioMEMS Group
0 ppm VirusBom
Madin-Darby Tamiflu-
canine kidney resistant
(MDCK) cell H1N1 strain
D+V
Madin-Darby Tamiflu-
canine kidney resistant
(MDCK) cell H1N1 strain
D+V
Madin-Darby Tamiflu-
canine kidney resistant
(MDCK) cell H1N1 strain
D+V
Madin-Darby Tamiflu-
canine kidney resistant
(MDCK) cell H1N1 strain
D+V
Madin-Darby Tamiflu-
canine kidney resistant
(MDCK) cell H1N1 strain
D+V
ANIMAL HEALTH
RESEARCH INSTITUTE
C
D
A’ B’ C’ D’ E’
A’ B’ C’ D’
C
B
A’ B’ C’ D’ E’
2 Compound 2 100 50 20 10 5 0
Staphylococcus aureus - - - + + +
Compound 3
3 200 60 20 6 0
Staphylococcus aureus + + + + +
Staphylococcus aureus + + + + + + +
4-1 4-2 4-3 4-4 4-5 4-6 4-7
” - ” Proliferation of Staphylococcus AuNP-S-(CH2)12-SO3H
aureus was suppressed 5 1000 500 100 50 10 5 0
Staphylococcus aureus + + + + + + +
”+” Proliferation of Staphylococcus
5-1 5-2 5-3 5-4 5-5 5-6
aureus was not suppressed HS-(CH2)12-SO3H
6 100 50 20 10 5 0
Time of treatment is 2 hrs Staphylococcus aureus + + + + + +
6-1 6-2 6-3 6-4 6-5 6-6
HO-(CH2)12-SO3H
7 100 50 20 10 Nano-BioMEMS
NTU 5 0 Group
Staphylococcus aureus + + + + + +
VirusBom Before treatment with VirusBom
15
Counts
0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18
Adhesion force (nN)
VirusBom can collapse the lipopolysaccharide(LPS) structure of S. aureus, so the
exposure and dispersed of inner membrane lipoprotein will increase the viscous force.
n n n n n n
P P P P P P P P P P
Proliferation of
Without Proliferation was
Enterovirus 71 was
lipid Enterovirus 71 suppressed : --
not suppressed
envelope 30 -1000 ppm
until 1000 ppm
Proliferation of Proliferation of
Proliferation of S.
Micro S. aureus was S. aureus was
scale
Bacteria S. aureus aureus was suppressed:
not suppressed not suppressed
> 20 ppm
until 1000 ppm until 1000 ppm
The experience which NTU nano-bio research group got during SARS infection(
epidemic prevention is regarded as a war )
The first class team must have social responsibility.
The cooperation with teams consist of different research field could make wonders.
The technology of virus nanostructures dynamics by applying atomic force
microscopy in P2 laboratory is keeping top of world.
The new derivatives and applications of NTU Anti-SARS No.1
The synthesis of original organic chemical compound for mass production.
The fundamental research, technology transfer and industry-education cooperation
can go in parallel.
In the past 6 years, because of the spreads and harm by global epidemic
To improve the applications in short range and long range base on the basic
research spirit lead compound、spray、hand cleanser.
H1N1
H5N1,
H5N2
Ref: Erin M. Sorrell, Hongquan Wan, Yonas Araya, Haichen Song, and Daniel R. Perez. Minimal molecular
constraints for respiratory droplet transmission of an avian-human H9N2 influenza A virus. Proceedings of NTU Nano-BioMEMS Group
the National Academy of Sciences, 2009; DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0900877106
NTU - VirusBom
NTU VirusBom
Application
Staphylococcus aureus
Enterovirus 71
H1N1 flu is an acute respiratory disease, which often cause fever, headache,
Japan and Hong Kong. Clinician announce if the anti- drug strains were
infected with new flu. Base on report from WHO, new flu infection had
reached 100k cases and outbreak rapidly, and it had been spread for 100
countries.
۩ More than 3500 cases were confirmed with 5 died in Canada. (6/14)
۩ New flu is spreading in Hong Kong and reached 444 cases. (6/25)
۩ CDC estimates more than 1M cases might infect new flu in US. (6/26)
۩ 7500 cases were reported in UK. The official announced 100 k cases might happened daily
before end of August.
۩ All 27 EU members had became affected area of new flu. (7/2)
۩ New flu is spreading in Beijing.(7/2)
۩ New flu is spreading in Taiwan and reached 444 cases.(7/2)
۩ New flu is spreading in South Korea and reached 241 cases. (7/3)
۩ New flu is spreading in Brazil and reached 241 cases. (7/3)
۩1710 cases were reported in Thailand and 6 died. (7/4)
۩ 1055cases were reported in Singapore and 591people are infected in local.(7/6)
source:Internet
to person via respiratory droplets and close contact. The spread speed
and range of influenza viruses H1N1 is very fast and wide once its
People who have severe symptoms and death from the outbreaks are
immunosuppression.
© 2009 國立台灣大學
VirusBom can disintegrate H1N1 virus
۩ The known H1N1 virus which can be disintegrated by VirusBom are
© 2009 國立台灣大學
NTU - VirusBom
Avian Influenza
© 2009 國立台灣大學
What is Avian Influenza?
۩ Avian influenza mainly infects among birds, and its highly infectivity is easy
to cause death. The outbreaks of avian influenza H5N1 occurred across eight
countries in Asia form 2003 to 2004, and at least 100 million infected poultry
have been killed by it. This outbreaks have been controlled until March 2004.
In June 2004 a
new outbreak of H5N1 surfaced and spread to many countries and regions
in Asia. Between 2005 and 2006, the cases of avian influenza H5N1 have
© 2009 國立台灣大學
The danger of Avian Influenza for humans
۩ The major parents are younger and older age group, and most of them are
direct or close contact with infected poultry or contaminated environment. In
general, patients who catch avian influenza at infancy usually have symptoms
that include high fever (more than 38 degree C), sore throat, cough, muscle aches,
headache. Part of them might have the vomiting, diarrhea and stomachache
problems, and they may also have breathing difficulty and lower respiratory tract
infections after few days. According to the lived experience, many parients who
have series clinical symptoms will become worst even cause death with 50%
fatality rate. Avian Influenza will spread among humans, because there’s no
immune antibodies in the human body.
© 2009 國立台灣大學
VirusBom can disintegrate avian influenza
۩ The known H1N1 virus which can be disintegrated efficiently by
VirusBom are
© 2009 國立台灣大學
NTU - VirusBom
Staphylococcus aureus
© 2009 國立台灣大學
Staphylococcus aureus
Staphylococcus aureus is not only the major pathogen on the food industry but also the
Staphylococcus aureus causes the surgical site infection or systematic infection especially
Staphylococcus aureus is the highest and quickest infection in large teaching hospitals.
© 2009 國立台灣大學
Staphylococcus aureus infection
Staphylococcus aureus infects through human-to-human contact or items
Staphylococcus aureus is common symptom is the skin infection (for example, cellulitis,
impetigo, breast infection). It causes bacteremia especially for wound infection or drug
abuse.
Staphylococcus aureus is also the pathogen about food and gut, its incubation period
is very short,it will be taken with a disease in 1-8 hours, its complications is Toxic
Shock Syndromed, patients will occur pyrexia, hypotension, rash and peeling of skin
© 2009 國立台灣大學
NTU - VirusBom
Enterovirus 71
© 2009 國立台灣大學
Enterovirus 71
© 2009 國立台灣大學
Enterovirus 71 risk
© 2009 國立台灣大學
Enterovirus 71 method of infection
© 2009 國立台灣大學