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AOSS Accumulators
AOSS Accumulators
Precharge Recommendations
For energy storage: For shock absorption: For pulsation dampening:
p0 = 0.9 x p1 p0 = (0.6 to 0.9) x pm p0 = (0.6 to 0.8) x pm
p1 = minimum working pressure pm = median working pressure at free flow pm = median working pressure
Temperature Effect
Due to the Ideal Gas Laws, the precharge pressure of an accumulator is affected by the ambient temperature of the accumulators operating
environment. Given the constant volume of an accumulator shell when the temperature rises, the gas pressure will increase and conversely
as the temperature goes lower, the gas pressure decreases. This temperature effect on precharge gas pressure will affect operation of the
accumulator in a hydraulic fluid system. Therefore it is critical to consider the precharge pressure at T2, maximum ambient temperature, and T1,
the minimum ambient temperature, when sizing an accumulator to ensure that the accumulator is sized large enough to operate properly over the
entire operating ambient temperature range. The formula below describes the ambient temperature and precharge pressure relationship to any
temperature. Refer to the sizing example on page 95 to see how the formula is applied in the sizing calculation process.
Fahrenheit Celsius
p0 @T0 = p0 @Tx x
(T0 + 460
Tx + 460 ) p0 @T0 = p0 @Tx x
(T0 + 273
Tx + 273 )
T0 = precharge temperature in F T0 = precharge temperature in C
Tx = actual ambient operating temperature in F, where Tx is Tx = maximum operating temperature in C, where Tx is
T1 Tx T2 T1 Tx T2
p0 @T0 = gas precharge pressure at precharge ambient p0 @T0 = gas precharge pressure at precharge ambient
temperature temperature
p0 @Tx = gas precharge pressure at maximum ambient operating p0 @T2 = gas precharge pressure at maximum ambient operating
temperature, where Tx is T1 Tx T2 temperature, where Tx is T1 Tx T2
correction factor Ci
processes which occur almost isothermically,
ma
the polytropic exponent can be assumed to Solution:
xw
1.4
be n = 1.
or
Since it is a rapid process, the change of
ki
pr
ng
For rapid processes, the adiabatic change of 1.3 es
condition of the gas can be assumed to be
su
state can be calculated using n = k = 1.4 (for re
nitrogen as a diatomic gas)
p2
=4
adiabatic.
1.2 00
ba
For pressures above 3000 psi the real gas 30
r (58
00 p
1. Calculation for the required ideal gas volume:
0b si)
behavior deviates considerably from the ideal 1.1
ar (
4350 a) gas precharge pressure at T2:
200 psi)
one, which reduces the effective fluid volume b ar
(2900 p
V. In such cases a correction is made which si) p0 @T2 = 0.9 x p1 = 0.9 x 1500 = 1350 psi
1.0
takes into account an adiabatic exponent (k) 1 2 3 4 5 b) gas precharge pressure at T1:
even greater than 1.4; n = k > 1.4. By using the
following formulas, the required gas volume V0 pressure ratio p2/p1 T1 + 460
p0 @T1 = p0 @ T2 x
can be calculated for various calculations. T2 + 460
For low pressure applications of less than 150 Correction factor Ca Adiabatic
psi absolute gas pressures must always be change of condition 75 + 460
used in the formulas. p0 @T1 = 1350 psi x = 1245 psi
V 1.7 120 + 460
V0 = V V c) ideal gas volume:
( )
p0 1/n
( ) p0 1/n V0 = V0 = 1/n
ma
1/n V V
( ) ( () ) (
1.6
V P0 P 0 p , (T )
)
xw
p1 p2 V =
0.714
p , ( T )
0.714 V0, =
V0 = V
Calculation Formulas
( ) ( )
ideal
or
V
0 1 0 1
( ) ( )
0
P1p 1/n P2p p1/n 0.714
P0@(T1) 0.714
p2 =P0@(T1)
( ) ( )
kin
0 0
( ) ( )
p1 p2
0
P 1
p0, (T1) 0.714 Pp02, (T1) 0.714
pr
( ) ( )
0
p1V p2 p0, (T1) 0.714 p0, (T1) 0.714
es
re
su
V0 = 1.4 p2
p1 15V p2 p1 p2
polytropic: =
( ) ( )
Vp0 1/n p0 1/n 40
V V=0 = 0b
1.35
V0 = V a
(( )) (( ))
p1 p2 1.3 0
30 r( 0.714 0.714
p508, 0(0T1) 0.714 p0, (T1)0.714 V =
( ) ( ) 0V
V0 = 0 b 1150 1150 0,ideal = = 3.95 gals.
p0 p0 ps ideal
15
V
( ) ( )
ar
p1 p2 V P 0 P 0 (
15004 p
350 1
i) 15
3000 p
V = 1245 0.714 1245 0.714
1.2 V0 =
2
2 00 V = psi
V0 =
( ) ( )
isothermal: )
0
1500 3000
( ) ( )
Pp1 P2 p b ar 0
1150 0.714 1150 0.714
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
(290 0.714
p0 p0 0 0 0 ps1150
i)
1150 0.714
(n=1) 1.1 p p 1500 15 3000 1500 3000
p
V1
p2 1 2
2. Calculation for the required real gas volume:
V0 = V0 =
V
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
1150 0.714 a) Determine the adiabatic correction factor, Ca
1.0 0.714
V 0 = p0 p0 1 V2 1150 3 4 5
adiabatic:
( ) ( )
pp1 0 0.714p2 p0 0.714 V0 = 1500 3000 p2 3000psi
0.714 V ratio0.714
pressure p2/p1
( ) ( )
(n = k = 1.4) = =2
p1 pV V0 = P 0 P 0
p1 1500psi
V0 = 2
( ) ( )
P1p 0.714 P2p 0.714
( ) ( )
Correction factors to take into account
p0 0.714
p1 V the preal
p0 0.714Sizing Example
p1
0
p2
0
From the correction factor for adiabatic
( )
T + 460 change condition graph, using the 3000psi
( )
2
gas behavior(2 V0 = An additional operation is 0to be added to an curve: T0 + 460
T + 460
( ) ( )
p0 0.714 p0 0.714 existing machine which requires 1.35 gallons
( CTa2T+0 1.16
+460
)
2
For isothermal change of condition: 460
V0,real = Ci x V0,ideal or
p1 p2 of oil in 2.5 seconds
system must operate betweenT3000
for
(
optimal
) operation.
T0 + 460
+ 460psi and
The
b) Real gas T + 460
volume:
( )
2
( )
V0,real = Videal ambient temperature 68
140 + 460 hydraulic V0, real = C x+V460 =1.16 x 3.95 gal.
range is 75 to 120F. The
( )
machines a 0, ideal
T0 + 460 12068++gal.460
Ci
for adiabatic change of condition:
fluid pump is sufficient to fully
accumulator in the 8 second machine ( )
T2 +68 recharge
460
140 + 460
+ 460 the
dwell
( = 4.6
140 + 460 )460
3. Select actual accumulator size by rounding
time. Total machine cycle time = 10.5s. up to nearest nominal size accumulator
V0,real = Ca x V0,ideal or
Vreal = V0,ideal
Given:
maximum system working140
( )
68 + 460
+ 460
pressure
listed in catalog:
Selected size: 5 Gallon = 20 Liter
Ca
p2 = 3000 psi
The Ci and Ca can be determined from the fol-
lowing Correction factor graphs. minimum system working pressure 4. Calculation of gas precharge
p1 = 1500 psi pressure p0 at 68F:
Calculate the ratio of Max/Min pressure, p2 /p1.
required fluid volume of the system p0 @ T0 = p0 @ T2 x
( )
On the graph find the intersection of p2 /p1 and T0 + 460
the maximum working system pressure p2, V = 1.35 gallons
= 1350 psi x
which is shown as a curve on the graphs for maximum ambient operating temperature T2 + 460
either an isothermal or adiabatic change of T2 = 120F = 1230 psi
condition.
minimum ambient operating temperature 3. Selected: Size 20 (5 gallon)
Project the intersection point to the Y-axis to
determine the appropriate correction factor, T 1
= 75F Recommended Model: SB330-20A1/112S-
C or C 210C, Precharged to 1230 psi at 68F
i a.
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QV1 = E1 = A1 =
QV2 = E2 = A2 =
QV3 = E3 = A3 =
QV4 = E4 = A4 =
QV5 = E5 = A5 =
Fluid
Required Quantity
Annual Usage Target Price Competitor Quantity
Additional Remarks
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If the vertical height from the shock source to the anticipated location of the shock absorber is greater than 10 feet
please state this distance.
Vertical Height: feet
Fluid
Required Quantity
Annual Usage Target Price Competitor Quantity
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Address
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What is the...
Flow rate: GPM
Pump: RPM
Pump Piston Diameter: (inches)
Pump Piston Stoke: (inches)
Number of Rotating Elements: (3 piston, 13 tooth gear, etc)
Operating Pressure: psi
The systems maximum allowable pressure: psi
Note: A pulsation dampener should be always be installed as close to the pulsation source as possible to optimize its performance. A pulsation dampener
should never be placed greater than 10 ft away from the pulsation source.
Fluid
Required Quantity
Annual Usage Target Price Competitor Quantity
Additional Remarks