Case:

Campuran cair C3H8, C4H10, C5H12 dan C6H14 dengan komposisi fraksi mol masing-
masing komponen berturut-turut: 0,2 ; 0,3 ; 0,4 dan 0,1. Dinaikkan suhunya (T) pada
tekanan tetap (P) adalah 3 atm. Uap dianggap ideal. Ingin dicari suhu saat cairan mulai
mendidih!

Equation:
Equilibri
(1) um
(fi) vapor = (fi) liquid
fi . yi . P = gi . xi . Pi ---> For ideal gas fi = 1
yi = (gi . Pi/P) . xi
yi = Ki . xi
(2) Equilibrium constant
Ki = (gi . Pi/P)
(3) Activity Coefficient
gi = exp[(vi/RT).(i-avg)^2]
(4) Solubility Parameter Average
avg = (xi.vi.i)/(xi.vi)
(5) Antoine equation
Based on Antoine coefficient from www.engr.umd.edu/~nsw/ench250/antoine.dat
log (Pi) = Ai - Bi/(T+Ci)
Pi = 10^[Ai - Bi/(T+Ci)] which Pi is in mmHg and T is in Celcius
(6) Bubble point constraint
yi = 1

Algorithm:
Trial T ---> Calculate Pi ---> Calculate gi ---> Calculate Ki ---> Calculate yi ---> yi = 1 ---> YES ---> FINISH

NO

Result:
P= 3 atm R= 82.057 mL.atm/mol/K
T= 26.2715 C TRIAL

Data
Antoine Coefficient
ComponentFraction vi, cm/m i, atm^0
(xi) A B C
C3H8 0.2 6.80398 803.81 246.99 89.16 41.9
C4H10 0.3 6.80896 935.86 238.73 96.82 43.44
C5H12 0.4 6.87632 1075.78 233.205 115 44.98
C6H14 0.1 6.87024 1168.72 224.21 131.5 46.52

Calculation Result
 Pi
ComponentFraction xi . vi . i xi . vi i average gi Ki = gi .
(xi) (mmHg) (atm) Pi/P
C3H8 0.2 7285.16 9.5857 747.161 17.832 43.9071 1.01473 3.2423
C4H10 0.3 1894.23 2.4924 1261.76 29.046 43.9071 1.00086 0.83152
C5H12 0.4 537.47 0.7072 2069.08 46 43.9071 1.0054 0.23701
C6H14 0.1 160.08 0.2106 611.738 13.15 43.9071 1.03722 0.07283
4078.00 92.88
YES ---> FINISH
yi = Ki . xi

0.6484592
0.2494554
0.0948031
0.0072825
1.000000
 Case: Dew Point Temperature - Ideal Gas - Non Ideal Liquid
Equation:
(1) Equilibrium
(fi) vapor = (fi) liquid
fi . yi . P = gi . xi . Pi ---> For ideal gas fi = 1
yi = (gi . Pi/P) . xi
yi = Ki . xi
(2) Equilibrium constant
Ki = (gi . Pi/P)
(3) Activity Coefficient
gi = exp[(vi/RT).(i-avg)^2]
(4) Solubility Parameter Average
avg = (xi.vi.i)/(xi.vi)
(5) Antoine equation
Based on Antoine coefficient from www.engr.umd.edu/~nsw/ench250/antoine.dat
log (Pi) = Ai - Bi/(T+Ci)
Pi = 10^[Ai - Bi/(T+Ci)] which Pi is in mmHg and T is in Celcius
(6) Dew point constraint
xi = 1

Result:
P= 3 atm R= 82.057 mL.atm/mol/K
T= 64.2557 C TRIAL
g1= 1.039012
g2= 1.012803
g3= 1.000561
g4= 1.006553

Data
Fraction Antoine Coefficient
Component vi, cm/m i, atm^0
(yi) A B C
C3H8 0.2 6.80398 803.81 246.99 89.16 41.9
C4H10 0.3 6.80896 935.86 238.73 96.82 43.44
C5H12 0.4 6.87632 1075.78 233.205 115 44.98
C6H14 0.1 6.87024 1168.72 224.21 131.5 46.52

Calculation Result
Pi
Component Fraction Ki app xi app xi . vi . i xi . vi i aver
(yi) (mmHg) (atm)
C3H8 0.2 16650.3 21.9083 7.5877 0.0264 98.4705 2.35013 45.3473
C4H10 0.3 5250.1 6.9080 2.3322 0.1286 541.027 12.4546 45.3473
C5H12 0.4 1818.8 2.3931 0.7981 0.5012 2592.35 57.6334 45.3473
C6H14 0.1 658.8 0.8668 0.2908 0.3438 2103.43 45.2156 45.3473
= 1.0000 5335.28 117.65
Ideal Liquid

gi g Ki xi

1.0390 0.0000 7.5877 0.0264

1.0128 0.0000 2.3322 0.1286
1.0006 0.0000 0.7981 0.5012
1.0066 0.0000 0.2908 0.3438
1.0000
Case: Flash Vaporization - Ideal Gas - Non Ideal Liquid - Adiabatic
Cairan bersuhu Tf = 70C bertekanan Pf = 10 atm sebanyak F = 200 mol/menit mengandung C3H8, C4H10, C5H12 da
= 0,3; z3 = 0,4; z4 = 0,1 dilewatkan pada sebuah valve sehingga mengalami penurunan tekanan menjadi 3 atm. Ingin
dapat dianggap ideal ; sistem bekerja adiabatis!

Equation:
(1) Equilibrium constant (7)
(fi) vapor = (fi) liquid

fi . yi . P = ---> For ideal gas fi = 1

gi . xi . Pi
yi = (gi . Pi/P) . xi (8)
yi = Ki . xi
(2) Equilibrium constant
Ki = (gi . Pi/P)
(3) Activity Coefficient
gi = exp[(vi/RT).(i-avg)^2] (9)
(4) Solubility Parameter Average
avg = (xi.vi.i)/(xi.vi)
(5) Antoine equation
Based on Antoine coefficient from www.engr.umd.edu/~nsw/ench250/antoine.dat
log (Pi) = Ai - Bi/(T+Ci)
Pi = 10^[Ai - Bi/(T+Ci)] which Pi is in mmHg and T is in Celcius
(6) Constraint
xi = 1

Result:
P= 3 atm R= 82.057 mL.atm/mol/K
T= 36.2591 C TRIAL
V/F= 0.2069 TRIAL F= 200 mol/min
g1= 1.0240 TRIAL V= 41.385 mol/min
g2= 1.0043 TRIAL L= 158.615 mol/min
g3= 1.0010 TRIAL Tf= 70 C
g4= 1.0213 TRIAL Tr= 25 C

Data
Antoine Coefficient CpLi CpVi
Compon Fraction vi, i, (J/mol/C (J/mol/C i
ent (zi) A B C cm/m atm^0 ) ) (J/mol)
C3H8 0.2 6.80398 803.81 246.99 89.16 41.9 98.36 73.6 24545
C4H10 0.3 6.80896 935.86 238.73 96.82 43.44 132.42 98.49 22440
C5H12 0.4 6.87632 1075.78 233.205 115 44.98 167.19 120.07 26200
C6H14 0.1 6.87024 1168.72 224.21 131.5 46.52 197.66 142.6 28850

Calculation Result
 Pi
ComponentFraction Ki app xi app xi . vi xi . vi . i gi Ki
(zi) (mmHg) (atm)
C3H8 0.2 9250.38 12.1716 4.15471 0.12101 10.789 452.061 1.02404 4.15471
C4H10 0.3 2545.06 3.3488 1.12105 0.29267 28.3362 1230.92 1.0043 1.12105
C5H12 0.4 765.64 1.0074 0.33616 0.4637 53.325 2398.56 1.00104 0.33616
C6H14 0.1 241.69 0.3180 0.10827 0.12263 16.1255 750.159 1.02134 0.10827
108.576 4831.7
 C3H8, C4H10, C5H12 dan C6H14 berturut-turut dengan fraksi mol z1 = 0,2; z2
nan menjadi 3 atm. Ingin dicari suhu fluida saat tekanan P dan nilai V/F. Uap

Total mass balance

F = V+L
1 = V/F + L/F
Component mass balance
F.zi = V . yi + L . xi
zi = (V/F) . yi + (L/F) . xi
zi = (V/F) . Ki . xi + (1-V/F) . xi
xi = zi/[(1-V/F)+(V/F).Ki]
Equation to calculate Q
Q = L.HL + V.HV - F.HF
which
L.HL = L.xi.CpLi.(T-Tref)
V.HV = V.yi.[i + CpVi.(T-Tref)]
F.HF = F.zi.CpLi.(Tf-Tref)

di avergae 44.5008
 xi = xi
xi yi F . Hf V . Hv L . Hl Q
app - xi
0.12101 0.0000 0.50275 177048 527934 21255.8
0.29267 0.0000 0.3281 357534 319755 69211.3
0
0.4637 0.0000 0.15587 601884 177734 138449
0.12263 0.0000 0.01328 177894 16734 43286.6
1 1314360 1042157 272203
 Case: Flash Vaporization - Ideal Gas - Non Ideal Liquid -

Equation:
(1) Equilibrium constant (7)
(fi) vapor = (fi) liquid

fi . yi . P = ---> For ideal gas fi = 1

gi . xi . Pi
yi = (gi . Pi/P) . xi (8)
yi = Ki . xi
(2) Equilibrium constant
Ki = (gi . Pi/P)
(3) Activity Coefficient
gi = exp[(vi/RT).(i-avg)^2] (9)
(4) Solubility Parameter Average
avg = (xi.vi.i)/(xi.vi)
(5) Antoine equation
Pi = 10^[Ai - Bi/(T+Ci)] which Pi is in mmHg and T is in Celcius
(6) Constraint
xi = 1

Result:
P= 3 atm R= 82.057 mL.atm/mol/K
T= 40.4853 C TRIAL V/F= 0.3
Q= 559150 J/menit TRIAL F= 200 mol/min
g1= 1.0258 TRIAL V= 60 mol/min
g2= 1.0052 TRIAL L= 140 mol/min
g3= 1.0006 TRIAL Tf= 70 C
g4= 1.0188 TRIAL Tr= 25 C

Data
Antoine Coefficient CpLi CpVi
Compon Fraction vi, i, i
(J/mol/C (J/mol/C
ent (zi) A B C cm/m atm^0 (J/mol)
) )
C3H8 0.2 6.80398 803.81 246.99 89.16 41.9 98.36 73.6 24545
C4H10 0.3 6.80896 935.86 238.73 96.82 43.44 132.42 98.49 22440
C5H12 0.4 6.87632 1075.78 233.205 115 44.98 167.19 120.07 26200
C6H14 0.1 6.87024 1168.72 224.21 131.5 46.52 197.66 142.6 28850

Calculation Result
Pi
ComponentFraction Ki app xi app xi . vi xi . vi . i gi Ki
(zi) (mmHg) (atm)
C3H8 0.2 10183.1 13.3988 4.58143 0.09641 8.59611 360.177 1.02578 4.58143
C4H10 0.3 2865.6 3.7705 1.26332 0.27804 26.9194 1169.38 1.00517 1.26332
C5H12 0.4 882.4 1.1611 0.38726 0.49009 56.3602 2535.08 1.00061 0.38726
C6H14 0.1 285.0 0.3750 0.12737 0.13546 17.8134 828.678 1.0188 0.12737
109.689 4893.32
s - Non Ideal Liquid - Non Adiabatic

Total mass balance

F = V+L
1 = V/F + L/F
Component mass balance
F.zi = V . yi + L . xi
zi = (V/F) . yi + (L/F) . xi
zi = (V/F) . Ki . xi + (1-V/F) . xi
xi = zi/[(1-V/F)+(V/F).Ki]
Equation to calculate Q
Q = L.HL + V.HV - F.HF
which
L.HL = L.xi.CpLi.(T-Tref)
V.HV = V.yi.[i + CpVi.(T-Tref)]
F.HF = F.zi.CpLi.(Tf-Tref)

di average 44.6108

xi = xi Q,
xi yi F . Hf V . Hv L . Hl Q
app - xi J/menit
0.09641 0.0000 0.44171 177048 680704 20558.9
0.27804 0.0000 0.35125 357534 505065 79818.5
559150 0
0.49009 0.0000 0.18979 601884 319526 177637
0.13546 0.0000 0.01725 177894 32152 58048.1
1 1314360 1537447 336063