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Article Rdso
RDSO has been playing an important role in the development of designs and
systems covering various facets of Railway infrastructure and operations. With
technology updating, it has been possible to run heavier, faster, safer, cost effective
and more passenger friendly trains. RDSO has been in the forefront in the endeavors
of development of new technologies and adaptation of the state of the art technology. H.S. Pannu
The activity of RDSO covers various aspects related to infrastructural requirements Director General,
and all types of rolling stock for the Indian Railways. RDSO in its role as R&D RDSO
organization of Indian Railways and also as technical advisor to Railway Board, Zonal
Railways and Production Units is committed towards absorption, adoption and development of new
technologies. It will leave no stone unturned to make Indian Railways to world class standard.
The primary objective of R&D is to make rail travel safer, more comfortable, reliable and economical.
Efforts are also made to achieve the maximum throughput with the least investment in infrastructure and
rolling stock. The project taken up by RDSO in the recent past have a direct bearing on these aspects of
railway operation and the results in most of these projects have already borne fruit for the Indian Railways. For
enhancing safety in train operation and for better passenger comforts, RDSO is closely interacting with the
centers of excellence, eminent educational & research institutions like IITs & industries etc., so that cutting
edge technology with broad vision may be developed and the knowledge of latest technological developments
may be incorporated on Indian Railway system at a reasonable cost.
The Indian Railways has registered a growth of 9 percent, Railways during 2007-08 loaded 794 million
tonnes, which was 66 million tonnes more than the loading in 2006-07. Freight and passenger earnings grew
at 14 and 15 percent respectively. To sustain this growth, continuous technical inputs are required to meet the
growing demand of passenger and freight traffic. RDSO is working for improvement in quality of service both in
passenger and freight traffic.
RDSO also offers international consultancy for design, testing and inspection of railway equipments.
RDSO is having wide infrastructure with number of laboratories which are well equipped with research and
testing facilities for development, testing and design evaluation of various railway related equipment and
materials. Some of these are:-
Some of the important activities & projects carried out by RDSO for improving freight operations,
passenger services, safety & throughput for Indian Railways are explained as:-
TECHNOLOGICAL INPUT FOR IMPROVING THROUGHPUT
Pay to tare ratio - 3.40 (v/s 2.30 for existing BCNA with
20.32 t axle load)
Brake block K type
Body and underframe of stainless steel to IRS M-44
Wagon length reduced to 10.963 m from existing 14.45m for
BCNA wagon
Number of wagons per rake increased from 44 (of BCNA) to 58.
Rake throughput increase of 4.7-39.5% for different commodities, over rake of BCNA [Cement 39.5% (in
comparison to CC+8), Food grain 12.9 % & Fertilizer 4.7 % (in comparison to CC+6)]
Additional earning of Rs. 8.81 Crores per rake per year, for cement, over rake of BCNA(CC).
Increase in Speed of Existing Wagons
To permit faster turnaround & higher throughput, speed of following wagons has been increased:-
Speed of BOSTHS wagon in empty condition increased to 100 Kmph
Speed of BOXNHSM1, BCNAHSM1 & BCNM1 wagons in loaded condition increased from 60 to 75
Kmph at CC+6+2 t loading
Introduction of Modern Track Friendly Bogie for Higher Axle Load Wagons
IR has entered into an Agreement with Amsted Rail, USA to design a track friendly bogie for IR. Special
features of this bogie are:-
Roll On- Roll Off (Ro-Ro) wagons are designed to carry fully loaded truck which at the starting station
get on the wagon, secured and at the destination station get off the wagon. This helps the truck operators as
well as the Railways. Such wagons are already in operation in Konkan Railway. New Ro-Ro wagons with
lower floor height and for universal application are being designed with new bogie being developed for auto
carrier wagons. Also, the possibility is being explored to develop a bogie with wheel diameter of 355 mm. This
will help in attracting new traffic and result in national saving in fuel expenditure
Increased throughput on wagons designed by RDSO:
RDSO has designed two types of Aluminium Wagons: BOXNAL and BOBRNAL. These wagons are
very light weight and pay to tare ratio is higher, 3.45 for BOXNAL and 2.62 for BOBRNAL, as compared to
BOXN (2.50) and BOBRN (2.17). Purchase Orders for 240 nos. BOXNAL and 60 Nos. BOBRNAL placed by
Rly. Board. Pay to tare ratio of these wagons is still less than the World Standards (5-6 for BOXNAL and 4-5
for BOBRNAL). Efforts are being made by RDSO to enter into collaboration with foreign
manufacturers/designers to improve Pay to Tare ratio
New Locomotive Designs and Major Equipment / Component Developed to Improve the Performance
of Locomotives
RDSO has done excellent for new locomotive design as well as development of retrofitable features to
improve the performance of diesel locomotives in respect of facilitating heavier loads, improved fuel efficiency,
enhanced reliability and availability:
4000 hp EMD locomotives upgraded to 4500 hp; five locomotives turned out.
4500/4000 hp EMD locomotives converted to more reliable and efficient IGBT-based invertors, design fully
developed by end 07 and complete switch over achieved in 08-09
4500/4000 hp EMD locomotives with fully indigenous three-
phase electrics turned out; a path-braking effort for the first
time outside the developed world
Microprocessor-based comprehensive excitation, wheel slip
and propulsion controls as per RDSO specification (and
development effort), which not only enhances starting an
hauling capability of locomotives but also results in higher
reliability, locomotives serialized at DLW, & DMW earlier;
retrofitment on more than 200 locomotives done in sheds in
08-09, based on scheme prepared by RDSO.
Development of High adhesive wt. 1400 hp WDS6 variant WDG4 locomotive with indigenous IGBT-based
with high performance ATHS bogie 3-phase drive
Development 4500 hp six-motors version passenger locomotive with hotel load capability
Development 2300 hp Cape Gauge locomotive on WDM7 platform
Standardization of Brake and Auxiliary Pneumatic Equipment based on study of the systems on various
diesel & electric locomotives
Development of EP Assisted brake system
Design Methodology for Railway Formation : A rational design methodology for design of track
formation need to be developed for operating heavy axle load/high speed trains to construct economical
railway track with reduced cost of maintenance. This will be beneficial for introducing heavier axle load on
Indian Railways as well as for Dedicated Freight Corridor (DFC).
Strength Assessment of Railway Formation: A methodology is required to be developed for
assessment of condition of existing formations to determine its axle load carrying capacity to decide
inputs/strengthening measures required for running of heavy axle loads. This is particularly relevant for feeder
routes of Dedicated Freight Corridors. To meet out the above challenge, a project is proposed to be taken up
with TTCI as a part of Track Design Dte.s project on Development and upgrade of Track for Heavy Axle
Loads with TTCI.
Assessment & Development of Bridge Approaches Transition System
With the existing system & guidelines, track settlements have been observed frequently at many
locations of bridge approaches. In view of Heavy Axle Load and future High-Speed Trains, improvement in
transition system on bridge approach is essential over existing provision. Studies are required to be carried out
in field to lay down provisions of different type of transition systems, specifications of backfill materials, length
of transition system etc. for different heights of embankment, different types of bridges & various types of
routes etc. to avoid differential settlement of track at bridge approaches.
To meet out the above challenge, a project on Assessment & Development of Bridge Approaches
Transition System is proposed to be taken up as part of the Pilot Project of B &S Directorate with TTCI titled
as, Capability Assessment & Condition Monitoring of Bridges.
Rail Seat Assembly For PSC Sleeper Fit For 32.5t Axle Load
Railway Board has advised for field trial of PSC sleeper fit for 32.5 t axle load on SER, E.Co.R, SCR
and SWR on 10 km of track on iron ore and feeder route to judge the performance of PSC sleeper under field
condition. Drawings of fastening system i.e. rail seat assembly, SGCI insert, ERC, rubber pad and liner have
been developed for 32.5t and issued to these four railways. In new drawings, eye of insert has been provided
in oval shape to avoid jamming of ERC in addition to other improvement over the existing fastening system.
Works Directorate has taken up a study project on World Class Stations. Conceptual plans and 3D
views of various elements in a World Class Station have been developed considering Lucknow Station. It is
further proposed that officers of Works Directorate should visit advanced countries for further studies.
Standardization of flooring & roofing material for various categories of stations at different locations has
been taken up by a committee comprising of ED/Works, RDSO, CE/Works, N. Railway and S.C. Railway.
Standardization of floorings at station premises i.e. platform, concourse, portico, circulating area, FOB, waiting
halls, retiring rooms, cloak room, toilets etc. has been prepared. The material for covered shed roofing over
Railway platforms has also been prepared. The draft recommendations have been circulated to Zonal
Railways.
BENEFITS:
i) Outstanding adhesion the paint becomes embedded in the
walls surface.
ii) High resistance to weathering (UV, fungus, water dirt etc.) and
any blistering.
iii) Elastomeric matrix (Stretchable paint that covers cracks) for a
smooth clean finish.
iv) Highly robust finished surface due to inorganic nano-particles.
v) Easy to apply with high coverage and non sticking application
The trial with nanotechnology paint in RDSO/M&C/Paint Lab for performance evaluation is under progress.
EOTT is a device by which it is possible to monitor in the drivers cab of the loco, the brake pipe pressure
in the last vehicle of the train.
i) One extra wagon can be accommodated in the same length of train, resulting in increase in revenue.
(Implementation of EOTT on all the good trains running on IR shall result in annual saving of approx.
Rs. 1370/- Crore.)
ii) Detention of rake on account of shunting of brake van can be avoided
iii) Procurement & maintenance cost and haulage charges of brake van are saved
iv) Resources required for shunting of brake van in terms of loco, shunting crew, shunting line etc are not
required.
Laboratory tests of EOTT equipment of three firms have been completed. Six trips of field trial of two
firms on TKD- JNPT route have also been completed. Some minor problems have been faced in equipments.
After completion of one more trip of successful field trial, Phase-II shall be started, after issue of necessary
instructions by Railway Board.
RDSO has developed a product named Bipolar Concrete Penetrating Corrosion Inhibiting Admixture
which will reduce the corrosion of steel reinforcement bar embedded in concrete significantly based on the
principle of inhibition mechanism. It also protects steel reinforcement of RCC structures even in the presence
of Chloride Salt.
With the growing freight demand of the country, it has become necessary for Indian Railways to launch
High Axle load wagons to haul more capacity of Payload. Towards the processes of development of High axle
load wagons Indian Railway has signed a MOU with TTCI/AAR/USA for transfer of technology of design and
development of high axle load wagons and its testing facility in Indian Railways.
A new project has been sanctioned by the Railway Board at a cost of Rs. 20.74 crores in works
programme 2008-09 for Augmentation of 500T Universal Spring /Structure Fatigue Testing System for
conduction of accelerated fatigue testing of high axle load bogie frames and bolsters as per the AAR test
parameters.
All coach furnishing material specifications have been upgraded to UIC norms with respect to following
fire retardancy features:
Resistance to spread of flame
Deterioration of visibility due to
Limiting oxygen index,
Toxicity Index
Fire simulation facility with M/s SNCF International Computer aided simulation on the coaches
under varying operating and coach design & layout conditions to assess the behaviour of the spread of
fire, movement of smoke and toxic gases and heat. Work is under progress and simulation facility will
be installed in RDSO by March 2009.
Fire Testing Lab: The Lab is being planned in consultation with M/S Interscience Communications,
UK .
Modifications to make the doorway and gangway area fire resistant under way.
Auto Resetting Multi Orifice Passenger Alarm Device (Armopad)
The developed Battery operated LED Based Torch Light-cum-Hand Signal Lamp is lightweight, rugged,
maintenance-free and user-friendly. This is powered by commercially available dry cell batteries and complies
the specified illumination, battery life and visibility criteria. After successful passing of type tests, one vendor
has been cleared for field trial.
In addition, Solid State Block Proving by Axle Counter (SSBPAC) is also being
developed by M/s Efftronics/ Vijayawada. In this system, the relay logic has been
replaced by solid state logic thereby reducing the total number of relays from about 40 to UFSBI & Relay rack
20 which is expected to improve the reliability. Field trials of prototype equipments, one of BPAC
each in double line & single line section, are in progress on Vijayawada division of
S.C.Rly. Hardware validation of the system is in progress.
NR, NER & SCR have carried out in-situ reconditioning of CMS crossing by using Translamtic Robotic Welder.
RDSO team inspected the reconditioned crossing on NER during the month. It has been observed that
around 35 GMT traffic has passed on the reconditioned crossing and the performance is satisfactory.
Trackside Bogie Monitoring System
Current Status:
Current Status:
On-Board Diagnostics
Alloys of improved metallurgy and corresponding heat treatments for forged wheels, cast wheels and
axles have been developed in Lab scale.
With this improved metallurgy, the wheels and axles will be able to withstand higher pay load upto
32MT without change in design and will have better wear, life & safety factor with existing pay load.
The cast carriage wheels may be used upto a speed of 130 Kmph against existing speed limitation of
cast wheels of 110 Kmph.
Forge Wheel - DSP & RITES have been advised to dispatch these wheels to Jagadhari workshop.
After getting them assembled in wheels sets, Jagadhari Workshop will send them to RCF for fitment in
coaches.
Cast wheel RB has placed order on RWF Banglore for Manufacturing 25 Nos.
Axle order for manufacturing to DSP yet to be issued from RB. Meanwhile DSP has been requested
to produce axles through existing orders.
RDSO has designed & developed measuring Wheel Sets for measuring the dynamic forces at the rail-
wheel level for
locomotive
coach &
wagon.
Current Status:
Grid Connect Solar Generating System of 10 KWp, 25 KWp, 30 kWp, 50 KWp & 100 KWp
Capacity.
LED Based Street Lighting System powered by Solar cells.
Solar based Water Heating System
Energy saving system for installation in workshops, sub-stations etc.
T5 florescent light fittings.
LED Based Lighting Luminaire for Coaches: For improving the efficiency of coach lighting and reduce
the burden on Alternator and batteries of the coach, energy efficiency eco friendly LED based coach lights
are being developed and is being provided on 50 coaches by RCF. LED based Luminaire are more
efficient, compact, quick light up in micro seconds, ideal for use in applications that are subject to frequent
ON & OFF cycle, dimming feature, cool, long life i.e. more than 50 thousand hours, shock resistant,
maintenance free and having no toxicity. There will be reduction of power consumption by 30-35% on
account of implementation of LED based coach lighting scheme.
Head On Generation System for Power Supply in Coaches: Scheme for head-on-generation system
has been developed by RDSO and is under implementation. This is energy efficient and pollution free
system of power supply for trainload with considerable saving in energy and maintenance cost. Due to
energy efficiency, annual saving of Rs. 31.6 lakh will result in 19 coach Rajdhani with HOG system in
comparison to existing Rajdhani Express with power car.
Saptgiri Express, running between Chennai and Tirupati, is first train on Indian Railway with HOG system
is working satisfactorily since Nov. 2007. Railway Board has directed RCF to equip 10 rakes of
Rajdhani/Shatabdi and 15 SG type trains with HOG scheme and individual coach converters. Open tender
has been invited by Railway Board. Work on development of traction independent HOG scheme, an
alternate scheme, in by using bulk inverter for supplying 3 phase power supply from locomotive to the
coaches is in progress.
Use of Bio-Diesel
The characterization of ALCO and EMD Engine with Waste Fish Oil and Waste Cotton Oil based Bio-
Diesel has been carried out in the Directorate with B10, B20, B50 and B100 Blends of Bio-Diesel. Further
Tests with Non-Edible Mahua and Karanja based Bio-Diesel are being planned. Electronic Fuel Injection (EFI)
System has been procured for Testing on 3100/3300/3600 HP ALCO Engine.
This Electronic Fuel Injection (EFI) System is Microprocessor controlled Device which offers flexibility
to vary Injection Timing in dynamic manner while Engine is in operation, thereby, resulting in Fuel Saving.
Projects on Reduction of Exhaust Emission from Diesel Locomotives and CNG based DEMU and ALCO
Locomotive have also been planned.
A detailed study was carried out to analyse these failures, based on the trial data, study of literatures.
Excessive shock and vibration was singled out as the main cause of the failures of the traction motor. The
design was suitably modified and validated by Finite Element Analysis for the first time on IR. The modified
traction motors have already been put in service on the IR.
It is expected that this will fetch a saving of approximately Rs. 57 Crore annually to the Indian Railway.
To tackle the problem of corrosion of rails, especially under the liner location on rail foot and at weld
collars and to prevent jamming of leg of elastic rail clips inside the insert through:
Material Characterization of ERC, insert, liner and rail.
Analysis of rust samples of existing rail.
Trial crevice corrosion experiments (between C-Mn rail steel and metal & GFN liners) by immersion
method in 3 different solutions, namely FeCl3 solution, artificial urine solution and 3.5% NaCl solution.
Use of alternate alloying elements for improved corrosion behavior.
Study effectiveness of different coating methods.
Status
After detailed literature survey and deliberations with experts five alternative metallurgies were selected
for lab scale evaluation of corrosion resistant properties. The best metallurgy with Ni, Cr & Cu micro-
alloying elements was recommended to Railway Board for field trial.
Railway board approved the trial and 570 MT of these rails have been supplied to SCR and are under
laying.
One coating system comprising of Zinc as major element has been recommended by this project to
Rly Board and approved by Rly Board for trial.
Design of components i.e. ERC,GFN Liner, Rubber pad and Metal liner has been completed. New ERC
is having higher toe load 1200-1500 kg retaining the existing bar dia. The ERC will have sufficient
scope to take care of accidental increased stresses. Other components are also having design
advantages over existing products.
Theoretical Modeling of New ERC ,Rubber PAD and GFN is completed.
Mathematical model completed and results generated.
ERC die is under manufacturing. Rubber pad samples are under lab testing and orders has been placed for
making liners.
Upper & Lower Washers for Mainline coaches Developed and implemented
Axle Box Front Cover Developed and spec. issued
Upper & Lower Washers for EMU Coaches under development
Hytrel Ring for Axle Box Rear Coverunder development
b) Development of Self Lubricating Polyester Resin Based Composite material for use in Coaching
components-
Advantage:
Low rate of wear i.e. longer life.
Self lubricating property i.e. easy fitment.
Lower life cycle cost.
Status:
Self Lubricating Polyester Resin Based Composite Brake Gear Bushes Under development
Self-lubricating Polyester Resin Composites Wearing Piece Under development
Lubricated type compressors are currently being used on Electric Locomotives. RDSO is developing oil free
compressors for electric locomotives owing to its superiority over the conventional lubricated type
compressors, which include reduced maintenance cost and down time of Locos, eco-friendly due to oil free
air, longer service life of air dryer and other pneumatic valves/components, low vibration and low noise,
reduced start up energy requirement, low life cycle cost, no fire hazard.
Development of numerical type microprocessor based protection relays and control and relay panels having all
digital meters was undertaken by RDSO. The specification has been finalized and issued to all approved relay
manufacturers for development. The prototype control and relay panel developed is under testing at the works of
manufacturer.
Specification for improved rail pad for placing beneath rail (Provisional 2008) for service life of 300 of GMT are
8 years have been prepared and issued to Zonal Railways for trial in 25 Km stretch on each Railway as per
directives of Railway Board. Trial scheme and drawing have been issued to Zonal Railways.
Design of 1 In 10 Movable Switch Diamond Crossing 52 Kg. With Double Slips (Curved Switch) Bg
(1673mm) On PSC Sleepers
The diamond crossings with acute angle of crossing more than 1:8 (especially with non-standard designs)
are observed to be more prone to derailment. To overcome the problem Railway Board desired that RDSO
should develop standard design of 1:10 switch diamond crossing with single and double slips on PSC
sleepers, highlighting the case of derailment on NC Rly. The issue was further reiterated by Railway Board. In
compliance to above instructions of Railway Board, RDSO has evolved the following three designs, the use of
which would enhance the safety on diamond crossings:
i) Design of 1:10 movable switch diamond without slips BG, 52 Kg. on PSC Sleepers and
standard drawings No. RDSO/T-6644 to RDSO/T-6696 have been issued to NC Railway.
ii) Design of 1:10 movable switch diamond with single slips BG, 52 Kg. (curved Switch) on PSC
Sleepers and standard drawings No. RDSO/T-6877 to RDSO/T-6887/1 have been issued to NC
Railway.
iii) Design of 1:10 movable switch diamond with double slips BG, 52 Kg. (curved Switch) on PSC
Sleepers and standard drawings No. RDSO/T-6889 to RDSO/T-6895/1 have been issued to NC
Railway.
With this, RDSO has completed action on this safety related item.
DESIGN OF FAN-SHAPED PSC LAYOUT FOR TURNOUTS ON SHARP CURVES
S.W. Railway had asked RDSO to develop design of fan-shaped layout taking off from main line having
curvature of 7.1o. A design of contrary flexure fan-shaped layout taking off from main line has been evolved
by adjusting the spacing of sleepers and details have been advised to S.W. Railways.
Extending the exercise carried out to prepare drawing for laying a contrary flexure, 1 in 12 turnout in
7.1o curve, RDSO has developed a general drawing. The drawing incorporates sleeper spacing for laying a
contrary flexure, 1 in 12 turnout, on PSC sleepers in curves of 1o, 2o, 3o, 4o and 5o. The details have been
advised to Zonal Railways. Further, PSC sleeper spacing for turnouts to be laid on a similar flexure curve
having curvature from 1o to 4o were also advised to Zonal Railways for trial purpose.
Design And Development of Movable Switch Diamond For 1:8 , B.G. (1673mm), 60kg (UIC) On PSC
Sleepers
In reference to Railway Boards letter No. Track/21/2006/0401/7 Diamond Crossing dated 25.08.2008,
the work of development of new design of 1:8.5 movable switch diamond crossing (without slips) BG
(1673mm) for 60kg (UIC) on PSC sleepers has been completed. The drawings have been issued to Northern
Railway for trial.
Design of 1:12 And 1:8 Turnouts With Zu-1-60 Thick Web Tongue Rail Bg For 60 Kg (UIC) On PSC
Sleepers
As per instruction of Railway Board, RDSO have developed the drawing for 1:12 and 1 in 8.5 weldable
CMS crossing using intermediate piece and vertical stiffeners and Drawings have been sent to Railway Board
vide this office letter No. CT/PTX/Inspection/MT dated 27.10.2004 and dated 31.01.2005 respectively. The
specifications of weldable CMS crossing has been prepared and sent to Railway Board. Typical sketches are
given below :
1200 mm NORMAL RAIL
Railway Board asked RDSO to firm up the drawings of LWR through Points & Crossing. Study has
been carried out about possibility of taking LWR through Points & Crossing. Based upon study, detailed report
on continuation of LWR through Points & Crossing (RDSO Report No. CT-11) has been sent to Railway
Board. Tender for procurement of weldable CMS is being finalised by Railway Board.
1200 m m N O R M A L R A IL
S P E C IA L A L L O Y W E L D M E T A L
W E L D A B L E 1 :8 .5 C .M .S . C R O S S IN G
Composite Sleeper
As an alternative of wooden sleeper, a
project of development of composite sleeper
was taken in hand by RDSO. Railway Board
instructed RDSO to prepare technical
specifications for the extended trial of Tietek
design and to draw complete scheme of trial
for development of composite sleeper. The
technical specifications and trial scheme for
development of composite sleepers have
been prepared and sent to Railway Board.
Railway Board approved the extended trial of Tietek design of sleepers in all Zonal Railways. All Zonal
Railways have been advised to carry out trials as per Railway Boards instructions vide this office letter No.
CT/FRPS/Tietek design dated 11.11.05.
UIC has entrusted RDSO a project on optimization of design of PSC sleeper specially for Asian
countries. In this regard, a draft scope of the project was submitted for discussion among the UIC member for
finalizing the scope of the project. Recently, a design literature has been received from Swedish Railway for
discussing some of the design parameters for optimization. Consultant from Sweden is likely to visit India for
discussion on design parameter with RDSO. Thereafter a technical visit is planned to Sweden by Indian
Railway Officials.
Railway Board vide letter dated 12.12.08 asked RDSO to take up the design of PSC sleepers suitable
for curve upto 10o. RDSO vide letter No. CT/SRC/3/2/Curve dated 01.01.2009 advised that PSC sleeper to
Drg. No. RDSO/T-4183-86 is suitable upto 10o curve and trials can be conducted by Zonal Railways. This
PSC sleeper has the provision of slack gauge upto 1682 mm which is 9mm slack to nominal gauge of 1673.
Section modulus as well as cross-sectional area is more as compared to normal sleeper in use for 22.5t.
G Clip Report
Railway Board vide letter no. 97/TK II/22/1/4(Vol-II) dated 19-9-2008 communicated not to peruse
further implementation of G-Clip may till the shortcomings like early permanent set and lesser torsional
resistance are properly addressed by RDSO. In this connection a study on static permanent set of G clip &
ERC Mk-V has been carried out at RDSO laboratory. Further Railway Board vide letter no. 2001/ TK-II/ 22/ 1/
4/ 111 dated 27.11.2008 advised to observe behavior/ performance of G clip already under trial on Northern
Railway under incidental forces during machine tamping etc. in presence of Director/ Track, RDSO & sectional
Sr. DEN. Joint inspection has been carried out on 23.12.2008.