2) United States Patent Hayashi (54) PIERCING METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING OF SEAMLESS PIPE (75) Inventor: Chihiro Hayashi, Sendai (JP) (73) Assignee: Sumitomo Metal Industries, Ltd,, (Osaka (P) (4) Notice: Subjoct to any disclaimer, the tem of this pateat is extended or adjusted under 38 USC. 1846) by 0 days. (21) Appl. Now 11831,100 (22) Filed: Jam. 13, 2006 Prior Publication Data US 200610174670 Al Aug. 10, 2006 Related U.S. Apr Continuation of application No. 10/559,264, fied as pplication No, PCT/SP08/07658 on Jun. 3, 2008 jation Data @) G0) Jun, 6, 2003 Foreign Application Priority Data oP) 2003-162416 » C1 B2IB 1904 (2) US.CL. Ta; 7236.2 (G8) Fleld of Classiieation Seareh 72196, "72197, 100, 365 2,366.2, 209, 235, See application file for complete search history. References Cited (200601) 36) USS, PATENT DOCUMENTS. 4amoas2 9° 4827750 4 Sues A 911984 Hayashi 51989 Hayashi 1097 Yamthawa ea net ‘USOO7146836B2 (10) Patent No. (4s) Date of Patent: US 7,146,836 B2 Dec. 12, 2006 569,690 8 * 121997 Farwgen ot a ST1K2M A 21908 Yamakawa eal FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS BP soe 41903 ® eagit 1006 * cited by examinee Primary Examiner Tolan (74) Atornes, Agent, or Firm —Clatk & Brody on ABSTRACT A piercing method for manufocturing 9 seamless pipe capable of suppressing the rotary forging effets and sup- pressing the redundant shear strain without excessive nar- wing of the roll diameter is provided. This method is characterized by holding a Teed angle B and a eross angle y ‘of main rolls ina range satisfying the following expressions (1) 10 (), setting the relationship between omer diameter "y" of the solid billet and the ovler diameter “d” and Ahickness “T" of hollow piece alte piercing sows to satisfy the following expression (4), and funher soting the rel ‘ionship hetwcen inlet diameter D, and outlet diameter D, of the main roll with the above-mentioned "dj", "and y 0 fas 10 satisfy the following expression (5) wespsx 0 Shere a In the expression (4), y=In(2u,) and y=In{2(@-1)4} 4 Claims, 6 Drawing SheetsU.S. Patent Dec. 12, 2006 Sheet 1 of 6 US 7,146,836 B2U.S. Patent Dee. 12, 2006 Sheet 2 of 6 US 7,146,836 B2 Fig. 2 70 . 8 60 oe [Reduction of area of 8 the material steel e 3.00(2)50) 2 40 aa] 2 2.85(2.p0) € 30 & 8 20 5 @ 10 ° 8° 10° 12° 14° 16° Feed angle (8) 70 T = D2/D1=2.50(d/de = 60 é 2.43(1.20) % 50 Set 5 (Reduction of area of 3 2.33(1.50] | [he stra tae (b) ee) s 2.23(2.00 3 2 30 2 20 3 2 $ 10 é =500 mm 7=30° ° 8° 10° 12° 14, 16" Feed angle (8)U.S. Patent Dee. 12, 2006 Sheet 3 of 6 US 7,146,836 B2 Fig. 3 7 Dg=400 mom 6 [7=30° DoD += 2.85(d/do~2.00) (a) mm | Circumferential sheer strain (7 rg) 0 8 to" 4 Feed angle (8) D2 Di= 2.23(d/do=2.00) t = g 23301 50) 2.43(1.20) 4 5 (b) Circumferential sheer strain (1'r9) ° 3° 10° «12° 14 16 Feed angle (8)U.S. Patent Dee. 12, 2006 Sheet 4 of 6 US 7,146,836 B2 Fig. 4 (2) Diameter expansion ratio (D,/D,) 100 12 15 20 Pipe expansion ratio (4/ée) Dg=500 mm 30 é s 3 enna) 5 20 (b) 2 3 se F 5 10 a D2 5 1/4 peated oO 10 2 5 20 Pipe expansion ratio (d/éy)U.S. Patent Dec. 12, 2006 Sheet 5 of 6 US 7,146,836 B2 Fig. 5 r I Dg=400mm | gg 35 30 25 20 15 Diameter expansion ratio (D,/D,) 10, o 5° 10° 15° 20° 25° 30° Cross angle (7) Dg=S00 mm 3.0 d/do=1,00 (b) Diameter expansion ratio (D,/Dy) o 5° 10° 15° 20° 25° 30° Cross angle (7)U.S. Patent g ratio 3 5 § 7 Pipe ) e/ dy Dy/Dy o ( Bi Diameter expansion ratio Dec. 12, 2006 ° Sheet 6 of 6 Fig. 6 US 7,146,836 B2 dA do=: Dg~400 mm 10° 15° 20° 25° 30° Cross angle (Y) ‘Dg=500 mm a/do D: T 7 = 1.00—0.0277 e Om. 152 207. 252250; Cross angle (77)US 7,146,836 B2 1 PIERCING METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING OF SEAMLESS PIPE CROSS REFERENCES TO RELATED "APPLICATIONS, ‘This isa continuation of US. Application No, 10/559,264 filed Dee, 2, 2005, which is National Phase Enuy of PCT/SP2008/007698 filed Jun. 3, 208. TECHNICAL FIELD, ‘The present invention relates to a method for pieteing a billet i the manufacturing process ofa seaniess pipe. More specifically, it relutes to a piercing method, capable of ‘manufacturing thin-walled hollow piece from bile, at high working ratio, TECHNICAL BACKGROUND “The most commonly adapted methods for manufecturing seamless pipes are the Mannesmann-plog mill method and Mannesmann-mandeet mill method, These methods com- prise provesses of piercing a solid bill, which is heated to 4 predetemnined temperature in a furnace, by a piercer in ‘oniet to form a batslike hollow piece, working the hollow Piece info hollow piece by reducing mainly the wall thickness thereof by an elongator such as a plug mill or 2 mandtel mill, and then working the hollow piece into & seamless pipe of & predetermined size by reducing mainly the outer diameter thereof by a reducing mill such asa sizer fr stretch reducer. The present invention relates to the fist ces that I he ping pes among the aoe TFInt of all, inventions that have been proposed by the present inventor in the following patent documents 1 and 2 Will be deseribed as related arts Patent Document Publication of Examined Patent Application Hei -23842 Patent Document 2: Publication of Examined Patent Applicaton Hei 8-481 The invention of the patent document 1 (hereinaler referred tons the first prior invention relates to a method for ‘manufacturing a seamless pipe, characterized by Keeping the felationship between feed angle fof both-ends-supported ‘cone-iype main rll installed so they are opposed lnterlly ‘or vertlally across a pass line for passing a billet and & hollow piece, and a cross angle yof te main lls within the range of the following expressions (1) to (3); by sedting the relationship of the diameter “d,” of a solid billet with the ‘outer diameter “a” and thickness “t" of the hollow piece aller piercing, x0 as to satisy the following expression (4) and by setting the piercing ratio to 4.0 or more, and the pipe ‘expansion mito to 1.15 oF more othe “wal thickness’outer diameter” ratio to 6.5 oF less, “The feed angle fs an ange of the axial ine ofthe rolls to a horizontal plane ora vertical plane ofthe pass line. The ‘ross angle isan angle of the txal line of the rolls to 3 Yerical plane or a horizontal plane ofthe pass lin. sys ssp ° yen ‘wherein ,~In(2ld,) and yo=In(2(@-14,) “The method of the fist prior invention is adapted to suppres rotary forging effets and an redundant shea stra, 0 o 2 ‘whieh dominantly occurin the piercing process, particularly in the thin-walled piecing process with a high working ratio, as much as possible by holding the feed angle and the eross angle y of the rolls inthe proper ranges, whereby the inner surface flaw of Tamination atthe thickness center, ‘which occurs in a pipe made of staialessstel or high-alloy steel, is prevented. This method is also adapted to reduce ‘operational trouble such as Haring of peeling of pipe wall ‘oF til clogging, by making the distribution of eiecumterer til stain Wand radial strain y, appropriately in order t0 satisfy the relationship of the sbovesmentioned expression @ ‘The first prior invention made it possible to produce a pipe ‘ofadfcalt-to-work material, whieh used to be produced by the Ugine-Sejoumet extrusion process, by the Mannesmann pipe making process. In addition to that, the frst prior invention provided a process for thin-walled piereing with a high working ratio, and also skipping or shortening the succeeding elongating process and reducing process. Accordingly, this invention significantly contributed. 10 Streamlining. the manfacturing process of the seamless Pipes. For example, a Mannesmann piercer and a rotary elon- gator, used inthe Mannesmann-plog. mill system, were replaced by one cross piereing mill, which made it possible fo reduce the so-called “double piercing method” to a “single piecing method”. The Mannesmann-plug mill sys- tem is the system that includes the processing. by the ‘Mannesmann pierer, a rotary enlogator, a phig milla recler and a sizer ‘In the Mannesmaan-mandre! mill system, the numberof rollestands of the mandrel mill can be reduced by replacing the Mannesmann piercer ty the ems piercing mill The ‘Mannesmana-manirel mill system i a system includes the processing by the Mannesmann piercer, a mand! mill and fa strech reducer, Punter, in reference to the Mannesmann-Assel mill sy tem, which includes processing by the Mannesmann pcrocr, the Asse mill and the stretch reducer, the cross piereing mill ‘was alsa introduced one aller another. The use ofthe cross piercing mill has definite operational advantayes such as Jntegration ofthe billet size snd the shortening of prepara- ‘ion time, since the so-called “size-freeroliag™ for mam facturing many sizes of hollow pieces from a single billet can be carried out only by replacing the plug, The inveation of Patent Document 2 (hereinafer referred to as the second prior invention) was attained with the ‘eation of optimizing the relationship between the diam- eter of a cone-type main rll and the diameter of a solid billet, In this invention, in order to suppress the rolary forging effects and the redundant shear strain as much as possible, the diameter of the gorge part of the cone-type rain roll, ie. the roll gorge diameter, D, and the billet ameter dare set so as to satisfy the following expression @ ® In the second prioe invention, its explained that in onder to stabilize the piercing of the difficlt-to-work material, such as stainless steel or high-alloy stel, without inner Seface flaws or lamination, itis necessary to minimize the roll gorge diameter as much as possible relative tothe billet ameter. However, in order to minimize the roll gorge téiamter, the inlet-side and the outlt-side roll shaft diam- ters should be minimized due to the roll structure. This ‘ses lack of strength in the hearings which support the roll shaft. In ease of the cone-type rll particularly, the fatigueUS 7,146,836 B2 3 strength ofthe inlet-side bearing becomes insulicient, ing problem of dursbility: Accordingly, excessive mini zation of the roll orue diameter cannot be recommended in practical operation. DISCLOSURE OP THE INVENTION [Subject to be Solved by the Invention) tis an objective of the present invention to provide a Piercing method capable of suppressing the rotary forging ‘effects as much as possible and also suppressing the redune ‘dant shear stn as much as possible without excessively minimizing the roll gorge diameter. [Means for Solving the Problems} ‘As a result of the earnest studies to atain the above ‘objective, the present inventor has developed this invention relating to the following piercing method. The explanations ‘ofeference numerals in the following description are shown, jn FIG. A piercing method for manufacturing a seamless pipe that ‘comprises: holding a feed angle B and o cross angle y of both-eads- supported conestype main rolls installed to be opposed laterally or verically across a puss line in a range satisfying the following expressions (1) t0 (3), setting the relationship of the outer diameter “d,” of a solid billet with the outer diameter “d", and wall thickness “” of a hollow piece after piercing, s0 as to satisfy the following expression (8), and selting the relationship of inlet diameter D, and outlet, ‘of the main rolls with the above-mentioned “dandy so aso satisfy the following expression ©. ® isesperss0 o Lss-yysts J he engin 0, IQ), a Ya 8- 4 "The food angle fis an angle of the axial line of the roll, ‘e a horizontal plane or vertical plane of the pas line. The cross angle 7 is an angle of the axial line of the roll ta 3 Vertical plane or horizontal plane of the pass line. Inthe method ofthe present iavention, the relationship of the inlet diameter D, and the outlet diameter D. ofthe main rolls with the above ds, d and y desirably satisfies the following expression (6). DeDstedy00-007%) 6 ‘The effect of the method of the present invention can be suficently obtained ina piercing with a piercing ratio of 4.0 ‘or more, pipe expansion ratio of 1.15 or more ora “wall, thicknessouter diameter ratio” of a hollow pieve of 6.5 oF Jess, where the rotary forging effects and the redundant deformation become noticeable, BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION ‘The ranges of values of the foed angle fi and the cross ‘angle y in the method of the present invention are the same 0 o 4 «as those i the above-mentioned inventions of Patent Docu ments | and 2, These ranges were determined trom the viewpoint of diminishing the rotary forging effects and suppressing the redundant shear strain as much as possible “The range of the ratio of radial logarithmic stain 7p, t0 circumferential logarithmic strain ‘po i. "=¥,/jp" is the same asin the invention of said Patent Document P. This is based on the principle of how the rolling reduction in piercing is distributed in the longitudinal direction and the circumferential direction, and the deviation from the prin- ciple causes flaring Gapping phenomenon) or peeling ofthe pipe Wall or tail clogging, which mey stop the piercing ‘peration ite ‘A main characteristic ofthe present invention is based on fet wherein the ol shape relative to the billet diameter has significant influence mzily on the rotary forging effects This was found by the present inventor and wil he described below. Ina cometype ol, the relationships of the ratio ofthe inlet Giameter D, to the oulle. diameter D; between a pipe ‘material and the main roll ofa cone-type rol, ea diameter ‘expansion ratio “D./D,": te ratio of the hollow piece outer diameter "A" to the billet outer diameter “d,", Le. a pipe ‘expansion ratio of the pipe material “Wd”: and the cross angle y were investigated from the point of suppressing the rotary forging effeets and the redundant shear strain. Prior tothe experiments a selection of an index showing the roll shape was perfonned. A study of whether or not various possible indexes could be indexes, which show the relationship with the rotary forging effects othe redundant shear strain, was made. Consequeatly, the ratio of the pipe ‘expansion ratio ofthe pipe material “aid,” tothe diameter expansion ratio “D,/D,” ofthe eone-type rll, that sto say (did, (DD, , was taken as the index. ‘Avbamrel wish nito “L/L.” may also be regarded as an index. 1 is the inlet-side barrel width geross the gore positon of the roll shown in FIG. 1, i, the distance from rol biting start poin of the pipe material to the roll gorge [Ls the outlet-side hare width. However, this ratio has no ircet relationship with the rotary forging effects or the redundant shear deformation, and the proper range thereof ‘was determined from another viewpoiat. It is a general practice to add an unnecessary margin to the barrel width ‘and therefore itis dificult o define the bareel width rato per In general, the roll diameter expansion ratio “D3/D," becomes larger as the roll cross angle y becomes lager, i results in a further sharpened cone shape. However, on condition that the roll eross angle is the same and the cutlet-side barrel width Ly is the same, the roll diameter ‘expansion mit “D,/D," inevitably becomes smaller as the pipe expansion ratio “Wd,” of the pipe material is large. ‘Thus, roll design must be performed 30 as to give a proper “DD,", considering "ade", and the dilfcalty of the roll design depends on this point ‘The roll design must be made from the point of dimin- ishing the rotary forging elects infront ofa plug in piercing And also minimizing the redundant shear deformation ty Tied by the cizcumferential shear strain Yj aller piecing, since the embittement of the pipe material by the rotary Torging effects causes inne surface Nason the pipe, and the redundant shear deformation is 8 factor of propagating the inner surface Haw "The present inventor made experiments of piercing a carbon stee billet asa sample using an experimental cross piercing mill while variously changing the roll shape in ‘onder to examine the influence of the roll shape onthe rolaryUS 7,146,836 B2 5 ‘ory effects and the redundant shear strain in detail. The ‘experimental conditions are shown in Tables 1 and 2. The wal thickness tof the hllow piece after piereing was se so 18 10 have a “wall thickness/outer diameter” ratio, i. (Wid)<100, of 25 t0 3%. TABLE os ote me ee 1 ean crn gma By ty com ty ty“ 7 40 0 m0 m7 N10 Um TALE 2 = Dw a Pa 1 eh Be ey am diy oe 098 us 130 [An example of the influence of the diameter expansion ratio "D,/D,” and the pipe expansion ratio “dd,” on the rotary forging effeets is show in FIGS. 2(a) and (B). An ‘example of the influence of the diameter expansion rio 0 o 6 “D.{D,” and the pipe expansion ratio “dd,” on the redun- dant shear strain is shown in FIGS. 3(a) and (3). ‘The influence of the roll shape on the rotary forging effets was evaluated hy stopping the main rolls and the disk rollin the middle of piecing in order to form “intermediate- stop materia, and then eollectng a shet-like small tensile ‘est piece with parallel ength of 25 mm and a thickness of 3 mm in the diameter direction (the direction of guide), Fight-angled to the exial direction from the tp of the plug. ‘Then perform a tensile test at room temperate in order to ‘examine the influence ofthe roll shape on the rection of area (%). The rotary Forging effects appear more clearly in the reduction of area (%) than in elongation (%) of the tensile test ‘A measurement ofthe circumferential shear tain Yq or the redundant shear stn was caried out by # pin burying ‘method. Namely, a plurality of pins were buried parallel to the axis along the diameter ofa solid billet andthe circum ‘erential shear strain jg of the hollow piece after piercing was measured aeross the hollow piece. ‘As is apparent from FIG. 2, for example, assuming that the rll enbis angle i fixed, the reduction of area can be set larger as the pipe expansion ratio “dd,” is smaller, or the Gameter expansion ratio “DJD," is lager, Namely, the ‘tary forging effects ean be diminished. In other words, the range ofthe feed angle P, where the redvetion of area ofthe ‘material in front of the pgs leger than that of the naterial steel, ea be extended ‘As itis also apparent from PIG. 3, the circumferential shear strain can he minimized as the pipe expansion ratio is Smaller, or the diameter expansion ratio is larger. Namely, the redundant shear strain can be suppressed. Accordingly, ‘even with an increased pipe expansion rato, the circumer ‘ental shear strain never bevomes too large i the roll shay ‘with a sufficiently lage roll eros angle y, is ensured 10 increase the diameter expansion ratio Tn ease ofan improper rol shape, or when the rll cross angle is small compared with the pipe expansion ratio, the roll outlet diameter D, ges close tothe gorge diameter D,. {dae fo an extremely minimized diameter expansion ratio for ensuring the pipe expansion ratio. Therefore redvetion in outlet-side circumferential speed of the rolls at a pipe vaterial separation pot weakens an elfect of dewing the pipe material to the outlet side. This makes the slip pho- fhomenon between the rol andthe pipe material noticable ‘The slip phenomenon is also alected by the billt diameter in which the slip is also increased on the inet side, and therefore the rotary forging effects begin to appear due to an ‘increase inthe rotary forging frequency, and the range ofthe {eed angle f, which makes the pipe material infront of the plug more brittle than the material ste, is extended. The rary forging frequency is the numberof the revolutions of the billet from the time when iis biten by the rolls to the time when i is earsied to the plug tp [Needless to say, the redundant shear strain begins to ‘obviously appear. An extreme example of this is a case ‘wherein the roll outlet diameter D gets close to the inlet ameter D,. The “redundant shear siuin” is the generic ‘ame of circumferential shea strain the shear strain due to surface fist yyy. and the longtidinal shear stain, ‘The relationships between the pipe expansion mito "did," the rll diameter expansion ratio “D3/D,", and the roll cross angle 7 are shown in FIGS. 4 and §. The result of ‘whether the roll shape is corrector not is also shown in these drawings. Namely, a white circle shows a proper rol shape, and a black eirele shows an improper shape,US 7,146,836 B2 1 Is necessary to determine the propriety ofthe rll shape based on the olary forging effects. Therefore, whether or not the ductility (eduction of area) ofthe pipe material infront ‘of the plug ean be made lager than the reduction of area of the material stee, ic, tho billet, was taken as the extrion. Piercing was performed witha feed angle (B) of 12", and as described above, 2 tensile test was carried out by use of 3 sheet-like smal tensile test piece with a parallel length of 25 rm and a thickness of 3 mm collected from a cross section ‘of the pipe material in front of the plug inorder to examine whether or not the reduction of are ofthe pipe material in Jot of the plug i lager than the ration of area of the material stel, White circle shows cases with a larger redne- tion of aren and other cases are shown by black circles, It is found from FIGS. 4 and 5 thatthe condition ofa proper roll shape is as follows. enna sm) [As described above, the relationship between “DyD,", “aid,” and 7 can be clarified in the praphs by adapting “DD,” as the woll shape index, but it becomes: more dificult t express the three variabies collectively in math ‘ematical terms. In order to avoid this problem, the present inventor selected, asthe rll shape index, the ratio of the Pipe expansion ratio “Wid,” of the pipe material to the diameter expansion ratio “DD,” of the roll, that isto say “(did VOID, IG, 6 is a graph showing the relationship between the roll shape index “(dld,y(D3/D,)”, the pipe expansion ratio “did,” and the eross angle. Alhough "id," remains a8 parameter with “(did /D,)” as the ordinate and 7 as the abscissa respectively, the condition giving a proper roll shape ean be expressed by the following one inequality layip-Dys0.5s0005 “The following expression (5) is devived therefrom, gy 078.0028)=0D,0)) 6 Inonder to solve te problem in facilities, suchas stent, life or the like ofthe bearings, when the rll onge 1, is Set 45 times or more of the billet diameter "d,", 50 as to" provide an optimum roll shape without decreasing the inlet-side rol diameter excessively; the following inoquality is obtained: Low-n0rryetiyiDyD) The following expression (6) is derived therefrom. Dwp.sutqyt.00-002%) oy ‘The desirable roll shape contliton is that susfies the fol. Jowing expression (7) derived from the expression (6) and the above-mentioned expression (3). agno75e00259/=DsD,)Siiv.00-000%) Tables 1 and 2 show the css in which the wl soe siameteD, 200 oman, 00 mn espe. a the rps TICS. 2 Sebo the ce with gone tlameterD, AOD mand () sw he cane wi D500 tam. Accordingly the companion frees and (ae tothe docstan afte conto eco ror enon Aholnedin Puen Docent An pert of tc above ‘inequality (expression (7)) can be easily obtained by per- Reding A sme senaion ot inal sad 2 ong Deal am outlet diameter of a cane-lype main rll with the condition thatthe pipe materials biten at an inlet surface ofthe main roll and separated from the roll at an oxtet surface. More 5 precisely, the diameter of the main rol in a postion where the billet is bitten by the rolls is D, and the main rll siameter ina position where the hollow piece is separated from the rolls is D Finally, she barel wid ofthe rol wll be described. The barrel width I isa total of L, and Lin PIG. 1. Addition of ‘a margin to the barrel width beyond agcessity leads to fexcessive enlargement of the whole stnictire of the mill. Accordingly the inletside barel width L, should be deter- ‘mined within a range which never impairs the stability of biting, The oulet-sde barrel width L, should be determined in consideration of the reeling frequency of the finishing process, The barrel width ratio “Ly/L,” is preferably set ‘within the following rang. EXAMPLE 1 billet having a diameter 60 mm, made of 18% Cr-8% [i austenitic stainless stool was used as a sample, and a high ‘Working ratio anda thin wall piering with a pipe expansion ratio of 1.5 was carried out by use of a guide shoe. The heating temperature of the billet was 1250” C. Needless to sa, the hot workability of the stainless stool is very poor 40 compared with that of earbon steel 1. Condition of Roll Cross angle: 7-25° Gorge diameter: D,=#00 mm Feed angle: 6=12" Inlet diameter: D,=240 mm Roll diameter expansion ratio: DyD,-229 Inlet-side barrel width: L, COutle-side barrel width: Ly arr width [41-760 men Barrel width rato: Lyf, =1.53 2, Piercing Condition Pug diameter: ,=80 mm Billet diameter: 4-60 mm Hollow piece diameter: d=90 mm Hollow piece wall thickness: 2.7 Pipe expansion ratio: didj~1.50 Deteing rolling ratio: do2/4(dl-t)-3.82 “Wall thckness‘outer diameter” ratio: (U)x100-3.0% Roll shape inde: (dd, Y(D,D,)=0.655 Radial logarithmic stain: y,~In(2Ud) Circumferential logarithmie strain: 0 ref} -tn291-1.058 Reduction distribution ratio: ~y Jyjy-2.288 As deseribed above, since the rection distibution ratio ofthe circumferential direction to the radial direction, or the radial distribution ratio of the longitudinal direevon to the circumferential dicetion was made properly, the piercing ‘cmd he perform without eansing Maing oF pesling Since the rll shape was also made property inner surface Raws or lamination was not observed even if a high working rio and ultra-thin wall piercing of the difficultsto-work material were used oUS 7,146,836 B2 9 EXAMPLE 2 High-ally steel is poorer in hot workability than stainless steel, and frequently eases lamination ata piercing tem perature which exceeds 1275° C. In this example, a bile, having diameter of 70 mim, made of 25% Cr-35% Ni-3Mo highaalloy steel was used asa sample, and the high working ratio and thin wall piereing, witha pipe expansion ratio of 2 was carried out at a temperature of 1200" C. by use of & disk rl 1. Condition of Roll Grose angle: y-300 Feed angle: 12 Gorge diameter: D,-500 Inet diameter: D,300 Outlet diameter: D,-670 mm Roll diameter expansion ratio: Da/D,=2.23 Tnkt-side barrel width: L,-300 mim (Outle-side bare width: [460 mm Barrel width [41 °760 sam Barrel width rato: LL =1.53, 2, Piereing Condition Plug diameter d,-130 mm Billet dismeter: 6-70 mm Hollow piece diameter: ¢=140 mm Hollow piece wall thickness: (3.5 mm Pipe expansion rato: did.~2.00 jercing rolling ratio: d,/44(~ all thicknessonter ameter” ratio: (d)x100-2.5% Roll shape index: (dd, )(DD,}-0:897 Radial Iogarithmie strain: y,—In(2td,)-1n0.10~2.303 CCireumferentialIogarithmie strain: imide. 901.381 Reduction distribution ratio: —yyy1.692 As described above, since the reduction distribution tothe circumferential direction and the radial diretion was cor recily accomplished, and also the roll shape was made appropriately, the piercing could be carried ott without any problems even in the high working ratio and the ultra-thin ‘wall piercing of the difiul-to-work material. INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY In the piercing method of the prosent invention, the relationship between the pipe expansion ratio of the pipe material and the diameter expansion ratio ofthe cone-fype ‘ain rll is coeretly made. Aecordingly, the rotary forging ‘elles in the piereing provess can be noticeably suppressed to definitely inhibit the inner surface flaws oF lamination which i apt to oceur inthe high Working rato and thin Wall Piereing colling of a difficultsto-work meri, such as ainless steel or high-allay sto. According tothe method ‘of the present invention, pipe expansion piercing can be Performed up to a pipe expansion mio of 2.0. ‘As described above, the present inventor has proposed 2 higheoss-angle piercing method in order to diminish the rovary forging effects and suppress the redundant shear ‘train, and fisher achieved some other inventions. The higher cross angle is « necessary condition for diminishing the rotary forging effects and suppressing the redundant shearing defamation, but not a sullcient condition. The rocestary and salient condition is optimization ofthe rll shape, and the higher cross angle is a necessary condition for the optimization ofthe roll shape, BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is a view showing an embodiment of piercing rolling: 0 o 10 FIG. 2 is a view showing the influence of a diameter ‘expansion ratio (D.sD, and pipe expansion ratio (ai) on 8 Fotary forging effects (reduction of area of a tensile test ‘with a small tot pioce): FIG. 3 is a view showing the influence of the diameter ‘expansion ratio (D,/D,) and the pipe expansion ratio (€,) fn a redundant shear strain (circumferential shear strain} FIG. 4 isa graph showing the relationship between the diameter expansion ratio (Dy/D,), the pipe expansion ratio (id) and a tol feed angle FIG. 5 is graph showing the relationship between the diameter expansion ratio (D,/D,), the pipe expansion ratio (id) and a food angle (7); and FIG. 6 isa graph showing the relation shape index of (Wid, !(D3/D,) and the rll cross angle (9) DESCRIPTION OF REFERENCE NUMERALS 4: Rell cross angle 1B,: Roll inlet diameter De: Roll outlet diameter Dg: Roll gorge dismeter Le daletside barrel width of rll LS Outlet-side barrel width of roll dd: Outer diameter of billet, & Outer diameter of hollow piece {: Wall thickness of hollow piece ‘The invention claimed is 1A piercing method for manufacturing a seamless pipe comprising: holding a feed angle and a cross angle 7 of both-ends- supported cone-type main rolls provided to be opposite laterally of vertically across «pass line in a range satisfying the following expressions (1) 10 (3) seting the relationship between the outer diameter“, of ‘8 solid billet and the outer diameter “a” and thickness “1° ofa hollow piece after piereing so as to satisfy the following expression (4); and soting the relationship between inlet diameter D, and ‘outlet diameter D, of the main rolls wih the above- ‘mentioned “d,",“d" and’ so ast satisty the following ‘expression (5) wspeae o @ ssspepso" @ Iseywses @ deans eorsy0, In the expression (3) lel) and yn (2-1) 2:"The poring metho according to elim wherein he reluionship between the inet diameter D, andthe ut Giameter D, of the main roll with the above-mentioned “d,”, “a” and 7 satisfies the following expression (6) 3.'he piecing method secortng to eiim 1, wherin ricring is eecuted with pering tio of 4.0 oF more, and 2 pipe expansion nto of 115 or mae oa “wal theknes/ dur diameter” ratio ofthe hallow pices of 5 or less “The pieeing method according to csi 2, wher piering sexed with peeing ratio of 4.0 of more and {pie expansion rio of 1.15 or more ora “wal thickne cuter diameter” ratio ofthe hollow pace of 65 or ese ®