Assignment No. 1.

Explain the following thermodynamic terms briefly.

Handwrite your answer in 1 whole yellow paper.
Submission: August 14, 2017; on or before 12:00 NN; DAFE Room 2

1. Thermodynamics - include all the aspects of energy and energy transformations and relationships among the
properties of matter.
2. First Law of Thermodynamics - a.k.a. Conservation of Energy, states that energy can neither be created nor
destroyed, and can only be transformed from one form to another.
3. Second Law of Thermodynamics - states that the entropy of any isolated system always increases.
4. Third Law of Thermodynamics - states that the entropy of a system approaches a constant value as the
temperature approaches absolute zero.
5. Zeroth Law - states that if two systems are each in thermal equilibrium with a third, then they are in thermal
equilibrium with each other.
6. System - a quantity of matter or a region in space chosen for study.
7. Surroundings - the mass or region outside the system.
8. Boundary - imaginary surface that separates the system to its surroundings.
9. Open System - mass can be exchanged in addition to heat, energy and work.
10. Closed System - no mass can be exchanged, on;y heat, energy and work.
11. Isolated System - no mass, heat or work can be exchanged.
12. Extensive properties of a system - properties dependent on the size or extent of the system (ex. mass,
volume, energy, heat capacity, enthalpy, entropy, free change etc.).
13. Intensive properties of a system - properties which do not depend on mass (ex. temperature, pressure,
density, viscosity, refractive index, surface tension and specific heat).
14. Equilibrium - implies a state of balance.
15. Thermal equilibrium - the temperature is the same throughout the entire system with time.
16. Mechanical equilibrium - the pressure is the same throughout the entire system with time.
17. Phase equilibrium - the mass of each phase reaches an equilibrium level and stays there.
18. Chemical Equilibrium - the chemical composition is the same throughout the entire system with time.
19. Process - any change that a system undergoes from one equilibrium state to another.
20. Cycle - a process in which the initial and final states are identical.
21. Quasi-equilibrium process - slow compression of the system.
22. Steady-state process - implies no change with time.
23. Unsteady-state process - implies change with time.
24. Isobaric process - describes a process for which the pressure is constant.
25. Isochoric process - describes a process for which the volume is constant.
26. Isothermal process - describes a process for which the temperature is constant.
27. Isentropic process - describes a process for which the entropy is constant.
28. Gauge pressure - is the excess of absolute pressure.
29. Atmospheric pressure - pressure that an area experiences due to the force exerted by the atmosphere
(Standard atmospheric pressure = 101.325 kPA).
30. Vacuum pressure - pressure below atmospheric pressure.
31. Absolute pressure - the measure of pressure above zero

http://www.engineersedge.com/thermodynamics.htm
http://www.engineeringarchives.com/les_physics_absgagevacatmpres.html
http://www.sciencehq.com/chemistry/terminology-of-thermodynamics.html