Geoengineering: A Half-Century of Earth System Experimentation

CO2 = carbon dioxide, FeSO4 = iron sulfate, ha = hectare, M = million (1,000,000), m = meter, m = square meter, mi = square miles, MW = megawatt, N = nitrogen, NO2 =
nitrogen dioxide, NOx = nitrogen oxide , O2 = oxygen, PO4 = phosphate, R&D = research & development, SO2 = sulfure dioxide, t = tonne (1,000 kg)
Geographic Information Description Participants
Continent State Scale Year Type Sponsor Further Information Sources
Africa Algeria 1 Mt/a of CO2 has 2004 - CCS StatoilHydro and BP (operator). Project name: In Salah. Global CCS Institute,
been captured ongoing Sonatrach Located in Krechba. Onshore gas field http://www.globalccsinstitute.com/project
since 2004. 1M t/ (2012) with CO2 injection into saline formation s/12361
year of CO2 are below the reservoir. Project proponents
currently being seek to provide assurance that secure
captured and re- geological storage of CO2 can be verified
injected as being cost effective. Short-term
monitoring has been proposed as an
option for providing long-term cost
assurances and to demonstrate that
industrial-scale geological storage of CO2
is a viable greenhouse gas-mitigating
alternative. Precedents relating to the
regulation and verification of the
geological storage of CO2 (to allow the
eligibility for greenhouse gas credits) are
also being sought.

S-America Antigua 1984 Increased Name: Antigua Cloud Seeding Project, http://www.nawcinc.com/Wxmod.pdf
Precipitation carried out by Weather Modification Inc.;
with Aircraft for Cloud Seeding.

S-America Argentina R&D to produce Ongoing in Algae Private company "Oil Fox": Trials to http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_algal_
Biodiesel and 2012 schemes extract oil from freshwater & brackish fuel_producers;
other products (since ?) water algae to produce Biodiesel, http://www.oilfox.com.ar/ingles/index.htm
from algae Bioethanol, and proteins from animal and
human consumption. Gas emitted from a
thermal power station is used for algae
cultures to improve productivity and to
reduce emissions.

S-America Argentina 2 projects in the 1978 - 1993, Increased See Weather See Weather Modification Data for WMO 1993 + 1994 + 2002 + 1984and
Province of 1998 - 2004 Precipitation & Modification Data details, please. other sources, See Weather Modification
Mendoza, >5,000 Reduced for details, please. Data for details, please.
km Precipitation

1/115
Asia Armenia 2 projects, Lake 1964 - 1993 Increased See Weather See Weather Modification Data for WMO 1993/94+92
Sevan Area, Precipitation & Modification Data details, please.
Yerevan area, Reduced for details, please.
15,000 km Precipitation
Australia/ Australia 3 pilot plants in Since 2009 Algae In cooperation with Private company "MBD Energy": Binding http://www.powerplantccs.com/ccs/cap/fu
Oceania Eastern Australia, schemes Tarong Energy agreement with Tarong Energy to deploy t/alg/alg_proj_mbd.html;
each with the the companys first 1 ha plant at the http://www.mbdenergy.com/our_projects.
potential to grow Tarong Power Station (1,400 MW) in php
to a commercial Queensland. Memorandum of
plant of 80 ha understanding with both, the Loy Yang
Power Station (2,200 MW) in Victoria and
the Eraring Power Station (2,640 MW) in
New South Wales. Company has also
built a 5,000 m2 micro-algae R&D, and a
pilot plant facility located at James Cook
University in Townsville, Queensland.

Australia/ Australia 1 photo- Since Nov Algae Linc Carbon Linc Carbon Solutions: Algae-based CO2 http://www.oilgae.com/ref/report/co2_cap
Oceania bioreactor to 2007 schemes Solutions is a joint sequestration with CO coming from ture/co2_capture.html;
2
convert CO2 into venture, 60% owned industrial sources. R&D project to http://www.lincenergy.com/data/info_she
biomass and O2 by Linc Energy, 40% develop a bioreactor converting CO ets/e4-fact.pdf;
at Linc Energy's remain with 2
http://www.abnnewswire.net/press/en/59
site in Chinchilla BioCleanCoal Ltd. through a photosynthesis into O2 and 649/Linc_Energy_Ltds_(ASX:LNC)_Annu
solid biomass. "We expect to establish al_General_Meeting_by_the_Chief_Exec
that our process of CO2 conversion is utive_Officer_Mr_Peter_Bond.html;
commercially scalable. http://www.lincenergy.com/data/investor_l
inc/investor-linc-issue-6.pdf

Australia/ Australia Trial algae photo- Since Algae Energetix is a Energetix: The plants technology was http://www.theage.com.au/articles/2006/1
Oceania bioreactor plant ~2006 ?, schemes division of the Victor developed at Massachusetts Institute of 1/12/1163266412354.html;
established at trials have Smorgon Group. Technology and is licensed from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hazelwood_P
Hazelwood been closed Greenfuels. Experimental plant covered ower_Station;
few years about 60m x 10m. http://www.ecosmagazine.com/?
later act=view_file&file_id=EC133p34.pdf

Australia/ Australia Pilot plant to Since 2009 Algae Supported by South Australian Research and http://www.asiabiomass.jp/english/topics/
Oceania culture algae on schemes General Atomics, Development Institute (SARDI) and Algal 0911_07.html;
Torrens Island eventually as well by Fuels Consortium, a research consortium http://www.adelaidenow.com.au/business
Exxon Mobil and organized by CISRO (Commonwealth /sa-business-journal/algae-leads-way-to-
Shell. Scientific and Industrial Research) as the sustainable-biofuel/story-
centre, jointly constructed a pilot plant to e6fredel-1225778152739
develop fuel from algae culturing.

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Australia/ Australia A national 2009 - 2012 Biochar DAFF, CSIRO, Univ Project title: "From source to sink". http://www.anzbiochar.org/projects.html;
Oceania initiative of WA, UNE, UNSW, Research objectives: Biochar-soil http://www.anzbiochar.org/projects.html#t
biochar research NSW DII, Univ interactions, Biochar and GHG welve
with pyrolysis Sydney, Univ mitigation, Biochar/bioenergy production
trials. Adelaide, Pacific and life-cycle assessment. Project led by
Pyrolysis, CSIRO Land and Water.
Anthroterra

Australia/ Australia Biochar producer Ongoing in Biochar Private producer "BlackEarth Products https://www.blackearthproducts.com.au/p
Oceania (sales in kg and t) 2012 Pty Ltd": Produces and sells biochar roducts-page/packaged-
(made from Australian poultry manure biochar/blackearth-biochar-4kg-2/
mixes with sawdust). Producer supports
biochar research in cooperation with the
University of Queensland.

Australia/ Australia Mobile Biochar Since 2009 Biochar Private company "Black is Green Pty http://www.bigchar.com.au/bigchar.html;
Oceania producer Ltd.": Produces and sells biochar to bulk http://www.bigchar.com.au/faq.htm#Can_
users and collaborative researchers in I_buy_BiGchar_and_for_how_much
Australia; "offers the equipment to
generate BiGchar".
Australia/ Australia Pacific Pyrolysis Ongoing in Biochar NSW Department of Pacific Pyrolysis: Name of Biochar http://www.anzbiochar.org/projects.html#
Oceania Demonstration 2012 Environment and Project: Pacific Pyrolysis - Pyrolysis seven
Facility Climate Change Demonstration Facility

Australia/ Australia Trials in habitat Since 2010 Biochar Alcoa Foundation, Greening Australia (environmental http://www.greeningaustralia.org.au/index.php?nodeId=228
Oceania 141 (SA-Vic (at least) cooperation with organization): Carries out the project
border region Victorian Bio4. Until 2011: trials - investigating
from the coast to Department of potential benefits and potential to
southern NSW); a Sustainability and sequester carbon.
biodiversity Environment
hotspot in
Australia

Australia/ Australia Major agricultural Since ~2007 Biochar CSIRO - Australia's 2 national research projects, as well http://www.biochar-
Oceania regions of national science related to carbon sequestration; research international.org/profiles/CSIRO;
Australia (West, agency partners: University of Western Australia, http://www.csiro.au/science/Biochar-
South, New South NSW Department of Industry and Overview;
Wales, Investment, University of Sydney, http://www.csiro.au/files/files/pnzp.pdf
Queensland) University of New England, University of
Adelaide

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Australia/ Australia Production of Field trials Biochar Private company Pacific Pyrolysis http://www.biochar-
Oceania Biochar in NSW, since 2006 (PacPyro): provides biochar to research international.org/profiles/pacificpyrolysis;
Central Coast institutions and projects; e.g. involved in http://pacificpyrolysis.com/;
projects studying biochar's influence on http://pacificpyrolysis.com/agrichar.html
the flux of N20 and CO2

Australia Australia CO2 injection Construction CCS Global CCS Institute. Project name: http://www.globalccsinstitute.com/project
project underway in Gorgon Carbon Dioxide Injection Project. s/map
2012 This component of a larger gas
production and LNG processing project
will inject 3.4 to 4 M t of CO2 /year into a
deep saline formation. Construction is
under way after a final investment
decision was made in September 2009.

Australia/ Australia Biochar research, 2007 - 2009 Major NSW Department of Research Institution: NSW Department http://www.anzbiochar.org/projects.html#
Oceania lab-scale, related research Environment and of Primary Industries. Project name: seven
to reduction of project Climate Change; "NSW DPI - Reduction in N20 Emissions"
N2O emissions Pacific Pyrolysis (from soils amended with Biochar).

Australia/ Australia Biochar research Ongoing in Major Research Institution: University of http://www.qaafi.uq.edu.au/professor-
Oceania 2012 research Queensland: research related to biochar roger-s-swift
(since ?) project & carbon sequestration.
Australia/ Australia Research related 2010 - 2014 Major ARC Future Research Institutions: The Australian http://www.anzbiochar.org/projects.html#t
Oceania to carbon research Fellowship National University and CSIRO. Name of hree
sequestration & project FT0991007 Biochar Project: "The CharXive
biochar Challenge".

Australia/ Australia Research related Ongoing in Major Research Institutions: Collaborative http://www.dpi.nsw.gov.au/research/topic
Oceania to carbon 2012 research project between the NSW Department of s/biochar
sequestration & (since ?) project Primary Industries (NSW DPI) and the
biochar Department of Environment and Climate
Change (DECC). Project name: Land
management to increase soil carbon
sequestration.

Australia/ Australia Queensland, 1955 - 1960, Increased See Weather See Weather Modification Data for See Weather Modification Data for
Oceania Tasmania, 1980, 1992, Precipitation Modification Data details, please. details, please.
Western 1998 - 2009 for details, please.
Australia, Snowy
Mountains and
other regions (see
details WM data)

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Australia/ Australia Participated in 1999 Ocean Australian BHP Australia funded and was involved in the http://www.etcgroup.org/en/node/4913
Oceania SOIREE fertilization + Billiton Group SOIREE experiment in the Southern (page 14);
[Carbon Ocean http://lgmacweb.env.uea.ac.uk/soiree/
Steel/Petrol./Alum./
Energy/Coal/Dia-
monds], CSIRO
(among others)

Asia Azerbaijan 10,000 km 1967 - 1991, Reduced Government WMO 1992

every year; Precipitation
e.g. in 1992:
105 seeding
units (1 hour
per unit)

S-America Belize 1,200 farmers 2011 - 2012 Biochar Kraft, Cadbury Carbon Gold with Toledo Cacao Growers http://www.biochar-
close to Toledo (and probably Association (TCGA): "The total available international.org/carbongold;
longer) biomass of the area from the 1,200 http://www.biochar-
farmer members of the cooperative is international.org/9country
about 100,000 t, with an estimated yield
of 30,000 t of carbon."

S-America Brazil Several Since 2000 Biochar Embrapa (Brazilian agricultural research http://www.google.com.mx/search?
experiments and (at least) corporation): Includes charring studies of client=safari&rls=en&q=Advances+in
research at different biomass sources and field +Biochar+R
several places experiments in different Brazilian biomes: esearch+in+Brazil+/
the Amazon, the Atlantic forest, the +2011&ie=UTF-8&oe=UTF-8&redir_esc=
Cerrado and the transition zones &ei=2opWT-CBE6GQsALy5_j
between Cerrado-Amazon and Cerrado- eCQ
Pantanal (wet-lands).

S-America Brazil See Weather 1971 - 1980 Increased Government See Weather Modification Data for WMO 1980
Modification Data Precipitation details, please.
for details.
Africa Burkina Faso Trials near Ongoing ? Biochar Same sponsors as Centre for Rural Innovations (France): http://www.biofuelwatch.org.uk/docs/bioc
Tiebele Reported in for Cote dIvoire Jatropha, Moringa and planned biochar har_africa_briefing.pdf
2009 project ? trials, linked to Cote dIvoire project.

Africa Burkina Faso 15,000 km target 1998 - 1999, Increased Government: Project Name: SAAGA; carried out by http://www.weathermodification.com/proj
area 2001 - 2011; Precipitation Environmental Weather Modification Inc. ects.php?id=5; WMO report 1999;
e.g. 17 days Agency http://theblanketeffect.blogspot.com/sear
in 1999 from ch/label/African%20Programs
Jun - Jul

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Asia Cambodia Field trials Report Biochar ARTI, IRRI, SME UK Biochar Research Consortium: https://spreadsheets.google.com/spreads
completed in Cambodia, Report now available that includes heet/pub?
2011 University of information on the field trials with rice key=0AqK8nxi8zfEvdHdhQmpuZ1QtclNF
Colorado; Asia husk chars from small scale classifier ZG9vdWVEaTFkOUE&single=true&gid=
Pacific Network for systems in Cambodia. Study also 0&output=html; https://docs.google.com/
Global Change included examination of potential for viewer?
Research (APN). carbon financing. a=v&pid=explorer&chrome=true&srcid=0
B3ZW1BCHOSzWNTk5YmY2NDgtOTRj
Ni00Nzk0LTg5ODItMmEyYzM5NzBjMzk
4&hl=en;
http://www.biochar.org.uk/project.php?
id=13;
http://www.biochar.org.uk/abstract.php?
id=37

Asia Cambodia Pilot project Since 2011 Biochar $4M grant from the Carried out by Asian Development Bank: http://www.lankabusinessonline.com/indo
Nordic Development Pilot projects in biogas systems, biochar china/fullstory.php?nid=1666004579;
Fund and $600,000 kilns and improved cooking stoves. http://sea-biochar.blogspot.com/2011/07/
from Vietnam, Laos "Promoting more efficient use of biomass adb-agrees-4-mln-grant-to-boost-
and Cambodia can simultaneously address the goals of biomass.html
governments fighting climate change".

Asia Cambodia 1966 - 1972, Increased See Weather See Weather Modification Data for See Weather Modification Data for
2005 Precipitation Modification Data details, please. details, please.
for details, please.
Africa Cameroon SW Cameroon, Trials 2009 - Biochar Biochar Fund (Belgium): The project's http://www.biofuelwatch.org.uk/wp-
near Kumba, see 2010 focus is on 1,200 subsistence farmers content/uploads/Biochar-Cameroon-
involved villages practicing shifting cultivation. The project report-Executive-Summary1.pdf;
here: started with small field trial with around http://www.biochar-
http://www.biofuel 50 farmers, and plans to expand to tap international.org/9country;
watch.org.uk/wp- into carbon markets. Project area is http://www.biofuelwatch.org.uk/docs/bioc
content/uploads/B located near pristine rainforests that are har_africa_briefing.pdf
iochar-Cameroon- under pressure from slash-and-burn
report1.pdf farming and increasing populations.
Future plans: creating "biochar buffers"
that help protect the forest and its
ecosystem services."

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N-America Canada Industrial pilot 2011 - 2012 Air capture The current $6M, 3- Canadian Private company "Carbon http://www.carbonengineering.com/
plant capturing at year R&D phase, is Engineering" (Alberta, Calgary) develops
least 10,000 funded by angel a fully integrated industrial plant that
t/year: of CO2 in investors including absorbs up to 1M t of CO2/year. Current
preparation Bill Gates and R&D initiatives include laboratory
Murray Edwards research, process modeling and
simulation, and fabrication and operation
of pilot-scale equipment.

N-America Canada Alberta: 2007 Algae Trident Exploration Corp: grew algae in http://www.powerplantccs.com/ccs/cap/fu
Installation of a schemes Menova's photobioreactors (based in t/alg/alg_proj_trident.html;
photobio-reactor Ottawa, Canada) to reduce the net http://www.airwaterland.ca/article.asp?
(made by carbon impact of petroleum processing id=1852
Menova) to by 50% or greater. No up-to-date
reduce CO2 information could be found on their
emissions by website.
algae growths

N-America Canada Large scale Ongoing in Algae Private company "Pond Biofuels": http://www.oilgae.com/ref/report/co2_cap
facility, using CO2 2012 schemes Converts raw smokestack emissions ture/co2_capture.html;
derived from (since ?) from heavy industry into algal biomass, http://www.oilgae.com/algae/cult/cos/cem
heavy industry to e.g. using the exhaust gas from CO2 /cem.html; http://www.pondbiofuels.com/
grow algae emitters in the coal, steel, refining,
cement, and other process industries
(e.g. the St. Mary's cement kiln).

N-America Canada Carbon Basis Company Biochar Biochar Solutions Private company "Biochar Solutions http://www.biocharsolutions.com/uploads/
company has was founded Canada Ltd is a Canada Ltd": "will work to deploy 3/1/6/8/3168871/bsc_press_release_11.
400,000 ha of in 2011 partnership between carbonnegativetechnologies 28.11.pdf
land in Western Biochar Solutions torestoredisturbed soils in the Canadian
Canada and the company agriculture andmining sectors."
"Carbon Basis"

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N-America Canada Tests in BC, 2008 - 2012 Biochar Federal government BlueLeaf Inc: Various Biochar tests.
Quebec & Alberta funding; Alterna Involved in tar sands; looking for carbon http://www.sdtc.ca/sdtc_projects/index_e
Energy; Sustainable credits. n.htm;
Development http://alternabiocarbon.com/applications/
Technologies biochar; http://www.biochar-
Canada; Nova international.org/blueleaf
Green; Alberta
innovates;
Technology Futures
Battle River Agri
Ventures
Cooperative NGC
Inc.

N-America Canada 2 pyrolysis plants Since 2007 Biochar Dynamotive BioOil: "is positioned in the http://www.biochar-
in West Lorne involved in market as a replacement for fuel oils international.org/dynamotive
and Guelph (ON). biochar used in stationary applications like boilers
Capacity: to and kilns to produce building or process
process 130 - heat"; "Dynamotive expects that it can
200 t of dry now "deliver advanced (second
biomass/day generation) fuels from biomass at a cost
of less than $2/ gallon of ethanol-
equivalent fuel in facilities processing
about 70,000 t of biomass/year."

N-America Canada Use of biochar in Ongoing in Biochar Burt's Greenhouse: heavy user of fossil http://www.biochar-
greenhouses in 2012 fuels usually in the form or natural gas international.org/burtsgreenhouse
Odessa (ON) (since ?) or oil. By using biomass, these
operations can come closer to being
carbon neutral. By producing biochar in
the process they could actually become
carbon negative"

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N-America Canada > 20M t of CO2 Since Oct CCS Cenovus Energy (Weyburn Field) and Global CSS Institute,
have been stored 2000 Apache Canada (Midale Field). Project http://www.globalccsinstitute.com/project
in 2 fields since name: Great Plains Synfuel Plant and s/12366
Oct 2000. Weyburn-Midale Project. Associated
Covering more with a long-standing research project, the
than 53,000 acres "IEAGHG Weyburn-Midale CO2
in South-eastern Monitoring & Storage Project", directed
Saskatchewan by the Petroleum Technology Research
Centre.
Testing and evaluation of monitoring
methods including surface seismic,
shallow groundwater, soil gas, and
passive seismic. Project includes
enhanced oil recovery.

North America Canada CO2 Capture Start date: CCS The $1,24 billion SaskPower. Project name: Boundary http://www.saskpower.com/sustainable_growth/projects/car
2014 government-industry Dam Integrated Carbon Capture and
partnership between Storage Demonstration Project.
the Government of
Canada,
Government of
Saskatchewan,
SaskPower and
private industry.

N-America Canada >50,000 km; e.g. 1954 - 1960, Increased See Weather See Weather Modification Data for See Weather Modification Data for
Southern Alberta, 1974 - 1981, Precipitation & Modification Data details, please. details, please.
British Colombia 1996 - 2003 Reduced for details, please.
Precipitation
N-America Canada Participated in 1999, 2002 Ocean Canadian NSERC, Canada funded and was involved in the http://www.etcgroup.org/en/node/4913
SOIREE and fertilization + CFCAS, PERD and ocean fertilization experiment SOIREE (page 14);
SOFEX NSERC C-SOLAS and SOFEX http://lgmacweb.env.uea.ac.uk/soiree/
(among others)

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S-America Chile Development of Ongoing in Biochar Supported by the Scientific and Technological Bioresource http://www.biochar-
N-fertilizers based 2012 government of Chile Nucleus and the Department of Chemical international.org/profile/chile
on Biochar (since ?) (CONICYT-Chile, Engineering of Universidad de La
through FONDEF Frontera in Temuco, Chile, is looking to
Project N: determine the best operational conditions
D07I1096) and the for the development of controlled-release
following N fertilizers using biochar as a basis.
commercial entities:
Commercial
Agrofusin S.A.,
Soquimich
Commercial S.A.,
Sociedad Forestal
Santa Elena Ltda.
and Eugene Thiers

S-America Chile Biochar research 2009 - 2013 Major Ministry of Research Institution: Tarapaca http://latercera.com/contenido/657_1203
project research Agriculture University. Business partner is the 30_9.shtml
project Chilean company Asitec Ltda.
Cost: 466,681 USD / 299,800.000
Chilean pesos.
S-America Chile >30,000 km, e.g. 1979 - 1980, Increased See Weather See Weather Modification Data for WMO 2000 + 2002 + 1980 + 1998
Cachapoal River 1990 - 1998 Precipitation Modification Data details, please.
Basin, Andean with for details, please.
Sector interruptions,
2000 - 2002

Asia China Bioreactor with Since 2008 or Algae Biocentric Energy Algae LLC (US- http://www.oilgae.com/ref/report/co2_cap
10.4 km length, 2009 schemes American company): Algae-based CO2 ture/co2_capture.html;
facility on 500 ha sequestration, absorbing CO2 emitted http://www.asiabiomass.jp/english/topics/
of land in from factories of the nearby region. 0911_07.html;
Guandong http://biomassmagazine.com/articles/209
Province, 80t/day 1/biocentric-energy-to-produce-algae-oil-
of algae in-china

Asia China Pilot plant for Since 2009, Algae ENN (Chinese innovation group): plans http://biomassmagazine.com/articles/209
algae culture maybe longer schemes to build a demonstration production plant 1/biocentric-energy-to-produce-algae-oil-
within 3 years on 100 ha of land in-china;
(reported in 2009). http://www.greenmuze.com/blogs/eco-
geek/1260-chinese-algae-farming.html

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Asia China >700,000 km, 1958 - 2003, Increased See Weather See Weather Modification Data for See Weather Modification Data for
e.g. Hubei 2007 Precipitation & Modification Data details, please. details, please.
Province, Shaanxi Reduced for details, please.
Province, Jilin Precipitation
Province

Central Costa Rica Research & trials Ongoing ? Biochar Forest Trends, an NGO based in http://www.biochar-
America on Osa Peninsula Washington DC with offices in Costa international.org/9country#costa_rica
Rica: "several national and international
partners designed to assess the socio-
economic and technical feasibility of
using biochar". Main activities (among
others): implementing a mini-scale
biochar production pilot facility,
establishing research plots, analyzing the
potential biochar-related revenues such
as carbon credits.

11/115
Africa Cote d'Ivoire 2,500 ha of Ongoing ? Biochar World Bank, AfDB, Planet Action: "Biochar, a charcoal http://www.biofuelwatch.org.uk/docs/bioc
biomass reported in FAO, UNDP, UNEP, obtained from agricultural waste via har_africa_briefing.pdf;
production for 2009 IFAD, UNIDO, West pyrolysis, will offer carbon reduction http://www.planet-action.org/web/85-
Biochar in African Bank for when used as a combustible, and carbon project-detail.php?projectID=1390
Niambrun, office Development, sequestration when used to enhance soil
in Grand Bassam. Ivorian National productivity." Jatropha, moringa and
Bureau for technical biochar trials on 2,500 ha.
Study and
Development,
National Agency for
Rural development,
Industrial Promotion
Services West
Africa, Union Bank
of Africa, Pronatura
international,
Winrock, Mali
Folkcenter, French
Agency for
environment and
Energy, Kakute
Tanzania, Burkina
Centre of Forestry
Seeds, Wageningen
University from
Holland, French
Institute of research
for Development,
Brazilian EMBRAPA

Africa Cote d'Ivoire South Coast, 1986 - 1987 Increased University WMO 1987
9,000 km from Dec - Precipitation
Apr (further
years planned
according to
WMO report)

Europe Croatia >24,000 km, 1970 - 2003 Reduced Government See Weather Modification Data for See Weather Modification Data for
Northern Croatia Precipitation details, please. details, please.

12/115
S-America Cuba Camaguey and 1982 - 1990, Increased Government See Weather Modification Data for See Weather Modification Data for
adjacent 2005 - 2011 Precipitation details, please. details, please.
provinces,
Eastern Cuba
S-America DomRep 6,000 km target 1984, May- Increased Government Project name: Increased stream flow to WMO 1980
area Aug Precipitation (Energy) dams.
Africa DRC Agricultural 2010 - 2013; Biochar ADAPEL; Congo Biochar Fund: Agricultural project, aims http://www.treehugger.com/green-
project in Pimu "ten year Basin Forest Fund at "access to carbon market". food/biochar-fund-project-gets-big-
Region, Equator project" financial-boost-from-congo-basin-forest-
Province, in 10 fund.html;
villages http://www.biofuelwatch.org.uk/docs/bioc
har_africa_briefing.pdf;
http://www.afdb.org/en/topics-and-
sectors/sectors/climate-
change/multimedia/biochar-forest-
project-drc/

S-America Ecuador Canton Pujili, at least since Reduced Private company: Cloud bombing to diminish hail and rain, http://www.dailymotion.com/video/xeh7ll_
Cotopaxi 2009 Precipitation Nintanga and affecting local communities. ecuador-danos-socio-ambientales-
Provefrut de_news,
http://www.inredh.org/index.php?
option=com_content&view=article&id=26
0%3Ademanda-a-brocolera&Itemid=151

Africa Egypt Ongoing trials, Ongoing in Biochar ProNatura (France) ProNatura (France): Development of http://www.pronatura.org/?
demonstration 2012 biochar with smallholder farmers in page_id=521&lang=en; http://www.new-
and small (since ?) developing countries; pronatura is ag.info/en/focus/focusItem.php?a=963
pyrolysis plant working to get carbon credits

Africa Eritrea 1994, 1995, Increased Eritrean Ministry of rain enhancement with cloud bombing http://www.bibliotecapleyades.net/ciencia
1997, 1998 Precipitation Agriculture /ciencia_reich07.htm; http://panacea-
bocaf.org/droughtrelief.htm;
http://www.orgonelab.org/ResearchSum
mary2.htm

Europe European Biochar research 2012 - 2016 Major European Union Project name: Biochar as option for http://www.cost.eu/domains_actions/fa/A
Union (16 project, to research sustainable resource management. "This ctions/TD1107
countries) summarize & project COST Action connects scattered
connect research European Biochar research."
in Europe

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Europe European Southern Ocean, 2004, Ocean European Union Project name: EIFEX - European Iron http://www.tos.org/oceanography/issues/i
Union (53 Atlantic, patch of summer fertilization + Fertilization Experiment. Application of ssue_archive/issue_pdfs/22_3/22-3_stro
scientists 150 km 2,820 kg of Fe (7 t FeSO4). Carried out ng.pdf,
from 14 by Alfred Wegner Institute (Germany), http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fe_fertilizatio
institutions with national and international partners. n;
and 3 http://www.whoi.edu/oceanus/viewArticle.
companies do?id=35609;
from 7 http://www.cbd.int/doc/publications/cbd-
European ts-45-en.pdf;
countries & http://epic.awi.de/15162/1/Ass2006c.pdf,
South Africa) http://cis.whoi.edu/science/bcodmo/proje
ct.cfm?flag=viewr&id=22&sortby=project;
http://www.etcgroup.org/en/node/4913

N-America, European R&D next Ongoing in Algae Global Green SGC Energia: Transformation of biomass ETC Group (2011): The New
Europe Union generation biofuel 2012 schemes Solutions, Oxford into Fischer-Tropsch products, Biomassters, page 63
(Austria, (since ?) Catalysts Group transforming low value feedstock (algae) http://www.biofuelsdigest.com/bdigest/tag
Portugal) PLC into advanced fuels. /sgc-energia/
USA
Europe European Biochar: small- 2009 - 2013 Major Supported by Project name: "BioChar: Climate saving http://www.risoecampus.dtu.dk/Research
Union scale research research European Union soils aims at raising the awareness and /sustainable_energy/energy_systems/pro
(Denmark, plots (13 partners project INTERREG IVb building confidence in biochar as a way jects/ECO_BioChar_Interreg.aspx?
Belgium, from 7 countries North Sea Region of capturing carbon in a stabilized form sc_lang=en
Germany, around the North Steering Group. and increasing soil quality and health,
The Sea) with attendant benefits to agriculture. 13
Netherlands, partners from 7 countries around the
Norway, North Sea work together. Partners:
United Netherlands: Province Groningen (lead
Kingdom, partner), Productschap
Sweden) Akkerbouw/Kiemkracht, Nutrient
management Institute, WUR-Alterra
Belgium: ILVO, University Gent
Germany: HAWK-Applied University,
Gottingen; 3N-Werlte
Denmark: Risoe University
Sweden: University Uppsala
Norway: Bioforsk
United Kingdom : Scottish Crop
Research Institute, university Edinburgh,
(UKBRC, United Kingdom Biochar
Research centre)

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Europe, Asia European Agricultural 2012 - 2015 Biochar German Federal Project name: biochar in agriculture - http://www.idw-
Union research (& Ministry of perspectives for Germany and Malaysia": online.de/pages/de/news456776;
(Germany), feasibility study ?) Education and questions effects on the environment and http://www.diw.de/sixcms/detail.php?
Malaysia Research (BMBF) the potential to reduce CO2 in the id=diw_01.c.392453.de
atmosphere. Partners: ATB, ZALF
Mncheberg, Humboldt-University
Berlin, Technical University Berlin,
University Putra Malaysia (UPM)

Europe European European 2011 - 2015 Major European Union Project name: Reducing mineral http://www.3ragrocarbon.com/3r-project-
Union Research Project research fertilizers and chemicals use in references; http://ec.europa.eu/research/
(Hungary, related to Biochar project agriculture by recycling treated organic bioeconomy/agriculture/projects/refertil_e
Netherlands, waste as compost and bio-char products. n.htm
Denmark, (REFERTIL). Project Coordinator: Terra
Italy, Humana Ltd. - Hungary
Germany,
Spain, United
Kingdom,
Poland,
Slovenia,
Ireland )

Europe European >2,000 km, e.g. 1981 - 1999, Increased Private sponsor See Weather Modification Data for WMO 1999+2002+1992+2003+2004
Union, Lower Austria 2002 Precipitation & (agricultural field) details, please.
Austria Reduced
Precipitation
Europe European Pilot Since 2009 Algae Private company "Greon LLC": provides http://www.greon.eu/
Union, photobioreactor in schemes a "green solution for industrial waste",
Bulgaria Varna including greenhouse and toxic gases,
waste water and solid waste.
Transformation of waste products into
valuable products such as biomass,
bioethanol, biodiesel, etc. Feeding flue
gas (CO2 & NOx) into a bioreactor.
Production of microalgae-based oil as an
alternative to fossil fuels.

Europe European > 18,000km; e.g. 1969 - 2003 Increased Government See Weather Modification Data for WMO and other sources; See Weather
Union, northern Danube Precipitation & (Agricultural details, please. Modification Data for details, please.
Bulgaria plain and upper Reduced department,
Tracian lowland Precipitation Research and
Weather Services)

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Europe European Research project Algae In cooperation with Czech Research Academy of Science: http://www.oilgae.com/algae/cult/cos/flu/fl
Union, Czech to decarbonize schemes the Fuel Research Outdoor cultivation of microalgae u.html
Republic flue gas with a Institute Chlorella spp., in a thin-layer
55m culture area photobioreactor. Technologies for micro-
photobioreactor algal cultivation have been studied in the
context of greenhouse gas mitigation.
Utilization of CO2 in flue gases from
various sources by means of microalgae
reduce the impact of green-house gas on
the environment and makes production
of algal biomass cheaper.

Europe European Indian Sector of 2005, Major INSU-CNRS France Project name: KEOPS 1 & 2 (Kerguelen http://ecite.utas.edu.au/54193/,
Union, the Southern summer: Jan research Ocean and Plateau compared Study). http://www.insu.cnrs.fr/envFenement/keo
France Ocean - Feb project Responsible institute: INSU-CNRS ps2-kerguelen-ocean-and-compared-
(Kerguelen (France). Research related to natural Fe plateau-study; http://www.obs-
Plateau ) fertilization. Vessel with French, Belgian, vlfr.fr/proof/vt/op/ec/keops/keo_obj.htm;
Dutch and Australian researchers. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/arti
cle/pii/S096706450800009X;
http://www.techno-science.net/?
onglet=news&news=5310;
http://www.futura-sciences.com/fr/news/t/
oceanographie-1/d/fertilisation-de-
locean-contre-rechauffement-une-
nouvelle-experience_17933/;
http://www.futura-sciences.com/fr/news/t/
vie-1/d/mission-keops-le-printemps-du-
phytoplancton-en-pleine-tempete_5565/

Europe European >60,000 km, 1952 - 2003 Reduced Government and Project name: Grossversuch IV. WMO 1980+2003+2004+1992+2002
Union, e.g., region of Precipitation private sector
France Lucerne, Basin (agriculture,
Aquitaine, Valle insurances)
de la Loire

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Europe European 1,000 m 2008 - 2011 Algae Participants: RWE, University of Bremen, http://www.powerplantccs.com/ccs/cap/fu
Union, photobioreactor schemes Forschungszentrum Juelich GmbH, t/alg/alg_proj_rwe.html;http://www.rwe.co
Germany and 2 pilot plants Phytolutions GmbH. RWE aims to m/web/cms/mediablob/en/247480/data/2
for research expand the electricity and gas business 35578/1/rwe-power-ag/media-
while reducing its own CO2 emissions. center/lignite/blob.pdf
Flue gases from the Niederaussem
power station are fed into an algae
production plant in the vicinity of the
station to convert the CO2 into algae
biomass.

Europe European Pilot plant using Since 2000 Algae In cooperation with EON Hanse (energy producer): Algae http://www.powerplantccs.com/ccs/cap/fu
Union, marine algae as (starting with schemes City of Hamburg & production with flue gases of a 350-MW t/alg/alg_proj_e_on_hanse.html;
Germany CO2 sink; research) Frauenhofer coal-fired power station in Bremen. Goal: http://www.eon.com/en/businessareas/35
research with Institute to capture 1% of the total emissions of 157.jsp; http://www.eon-
local partners this power station in a closed reactor hanse.com/pages/eha_de/Engagement/
system within five years. Green_Capital/Mikroalgenprojekt_Hamb
urg/Pilotanlage_in_Hamburg-
Reitbrook/index.htm

Europe European Biochar Since 2009 Biochar Private company "Palaterra": production http://www.palaterra.eu
Union, production and sales of biochar. Product is also
Germany capacity 1,250m/ used for research but mainly for
year, a larger agriculture; website mentions that
plant is planned product can be used to improve soil while
protecting the climate.

Europe European Biochar Since 2009 Biochar Schottorf Private company "Schottorf Innovations": http://schottdorf.eu/; http://www.carbon-
Union, production "in Innovations is a Sales of biochar produced at their terra.eu/de/home
Germany industrial subsidiary of Carbon pyrolysis plant in Romania.
quantities " Terra
Europe European Biochar Since 2004 Biochar Cooperation with the Private company "Pyreg GmbH": http://www.pyreg.com/Forschung.html
Union, production and University of Applied involved in 3 different research projects
Germany research Sciences Bingen with University of Applied Sciences
(Germany) and Bingen (Germany) and other research
other research institutions, e.g. related to sequestration
institutions of CO2 or use of biochar in sewage
plants.

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Europe European Sales of biochar Since 2010 Biochar Private company "Terra Nova Energy": http://www.terranova-
Union, production units Units use Hydrothermal Carbonization. energy.com/en/applications.php
Germany (capacity up to Mass throughput of a TerraNova Energy
12,000 t/ year) system ranges from 1,200 t to 12,000 t of
biomass/year. Since April 2010 sewage
sludge is converted into a regenerative
coal in the TerraNova Energy
demonstration plant at the central
sewage treatment plant in Kaiserslautern.
Advertised as a medium to safe around
2.5 t of CO2 emission certificates for each
ton of biocoal.

Europe European Research, 2009 - 2014 Biochar German Federal Project name: APECS (Anaerobic http://www.atb-potsdam.de/hauptseite-
Union, including field Ministry of Pathways to Renewable Energies and deutsch/Forschung/verbuende/apecs/ap
Germany trials Education and Carbon Sinks. Goal: develop a novel ecs_start_eng.htm
Research (BMBF) process that uses organic wastes to
provide both renewable energy and
carbon sequestration. Carried out by ATB
Potsdam-Bornim, together with University
of Berlin, EU-AGRO-BIOGAS, Biogas
Competence Network, Wissenschafts-
gemeinschaft Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz
e.V..

Europe European >7,000 km 1975 - 2009 Reduced See Weather See Weather Modification Data for See Weather Modification Data for
Union, Precipitation Modification Data details, please. details, please.
Germany for details, please.
Europe European >5,000 km, 1982 - 2003, Increased Public See Weather Modification Data for See Weather Modification Data for
Union, different Greek Precipitation & details, please. details, please.
Greece provinces Reduced
Precipitation
Europe European >14,000 km, e.g. 1976 - 1980, Reduced See Weather See Weather Modification Data for WMO 2003 + 2004 + 2002 +1992 + 1980
Union, in Southern 1991 - 2003 Precipitation Modification Data details, please.
Hungary Hungary for details, please.

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Europe European Field trials with 2007 Algae EniTechnologie is EniTecnologie: CO2 uptake by http://www.powerplantccs.com/ccs/cap/fu
Union, Italy the goal to schemes the R&D arm of Eni Tetraselmis suecica supplied with CO2 t/alg/alg_proj_eni.html;
mitigate 15% of (Italian oil & gas from turbine flue gas in open and closed http://uregina.ca/ghgt7/PDF/papers/nonp
annual CO2 from company) systems. Goal: to double biomass eer/075.pdf
a 500 MW power productivity. Eni plans to harvest and
plant; "700 ha ferment the biomass (methane) to
system" replace a fraction of fossil methane.

Europe European Eng Southern 1975 - 1980, Increased Government See Weather Modification Data for See Weather Modification Data for
Union, Italy Italy 1985 - 1995, Precipitation & details, please. details, please.
2001 - 2005 Reduced
Precipitation
Europe European Designs & Since 2007 Algae KLM (Project for jet Company AlgaeLink N.V.: Among the ETC Group (2011): The New Biomassters, page 57; http://w
Union, manufactures schemes fuel from algae), products are the following biofuels from
Netherlands algae growing RIG investment algae: Green energy, biodiesel,
equipment; bioethanol, biogas, bio-oil, and jet fuel.
cultivates algae at "Ability to sequester CO2 & implement as
Yerseke. profit making plant. "

Europe European Demonstration Started in BECCS Abengoa Rotterdam Climate Initiative: CO2 Capture and storage in Rotterdam -
Union, scale project in 2010 ? Bioenergia. Researching variety of carbon capture a network approach 2011
Netherlands Rotterdam: options, some are currently in operation. http://www.rotterdamclimateinitiative.nl/e
BECCS project: CO2 captured from n/english_2011_design/50_reduction/proj
ethanol plant and then pumped through ecten/?portfolio_id=70
greenhouses.

Europe European Algae growing Since 2000 Algae INETI (Portugal's Company Algafuel: "Develops solutions ETC Group (2011): The New Biomassters, page 57; http://w
Union, and production schemes National Institute of for the industrial production of
Portugal equipment Energy, Technology microalgae. Technology provides CO2
and Innovation); mitigation and other greenhouse gases
Algafuel is a spinout with biomass production."
form Necton S.A.;
European Union for
research purposes

Europe European District Evora, February Increased http://www.terradaily.com/2005/05022318

Union, Castelo Branco, 2004 Precipitation 2149.f4orpp13.html
Portugal Coimbra
Europe European >9,000 km, e.g. 1972 - 1998, Reduced See Weather See Weather Modification Data for See Weather Modification Data for
Union, Eastern Slovenia with Precipitation Modification Data details, please. details, please.
Slovenia interruptions for details, please.

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Europe European Large-scale algae 2001 - 2009 Algae Principal investors: GreenFuel Technologies Corp. http://www.ecoworld.com/energy-
Union, Spain farming plant schemes Access Private (Cambridge, Massachusetts): In fuels/factory-farmed-biofuel.html;
adjacent to a Equity, Draper collaboration with the Massachusetts http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GreenFuel_Te
CO2-spewing Fisher Jurvetson, Institute of Technology (MIT), developed chnologies_Corporation;
cement plant near Polaris Venture a bioreactor to remove NOx and CO2 http://gigaom.com/cleantech/15-algae-
Jerez, Spain Partners. With the from emissions. startups-bringing-pond-scum-to-fuel-
Spanish renewable tanks/
energy firm Aurantia

Europe European >10,000 km; e.g. 1970 - 1999 Increased Government See Weather Modification Data for See Weather Modification Data for
Union, Spain Alava, La Rioja with Precipitation & details, please. details, please.
and Navarra interruptions Reduced
Provinces Precipitation

Europe European Production of Ongoing in Biochar Private company "3R Agrocarbon": http://www.3ragrocarbon.com/bonechar;
Union, Bone Char 2012 Pyrolysis with animal waste. Involved in a http://www.3ragrocarbon.com/3r-project-
Sweden (since ?) research project that aims to define references
improved compost and biochar standards
in the EU27 (according to company
website).

Europe European Field trials, Terra Since 2010 Biochar Mistra; EU North University of Uppsala carries out http://www.geo.uu.se/biokol/default.aspx
Union, Pretra field (520 Sea Inter-regional research on a Swedish Terra Pretra field. ?pageid=37&lan=0;
Sweden m), mobile project "Biochar - Further field trials. Uses a mobile http://www.holon.se/folke/carbon/carbon.
pyrolysis plant, Climate saving pyrolysis plant. shtml
Uppsala soils"
Europe European Field trial on 1996 - 2006 Biochar Swedish University Responsible person for the field trials: http://voices.yahoo.com/david-wardle-vs-
Union, carbon rich soils of Agricultural David Wardle of the Swedish University carbonscape-battle-5301397.html
Sweden Science of Agricultural Science.

Europe European Pilot scale Since 2009 Algae "With the support of Glentureet Whisky Distillery & Scottish http://www.oilgae.com/ref/report/co2_cap
Union, United bioreactor, algae (phase 2 schemes Shell, Edrington Bioenergy Ventures: Algae-based CO2 ture/co2_capture.html;
Kingdom based CO2 started in Group and the sequestration Started as a demonstration http://www.scotlandwhisky.com/news-
sequestration 2009) Scottish project. Expanded in 2009, producing and-events/Famous-grouse-carbon-
demonstration Environmental about 6,000 l of biofuel/year - capturing capture;
project; 20t of Technology Network 20 t of CO2. "Commercial-sized" algae http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/scotla
CO2/year we have built reactor system if the expanded nd/tayside_and_central/8290266.stm
Britain's first pilot demonstration is successful.
scale bioreactor"

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Europe European "UK-wide 2012 Biochar Earthwatch, the Oxford Biochar Ltd: Project name: The http://www.biochar-
Union, United initiative"; "200 Environmental Big Biochar Experiment; largest study on international.org/profile/bigbiochar; http://
Kingdom people testing Change Institute the use of biochar on British allotments to www.oxfordtimes.co.uk/business/profiles/
biochar" (Oxford University), date. 9536533.Is_this_the_answer_to_climate
and the UK Biochar _change_/;
Research Centre http://www.bigbiocharexperiment.co.uk/

Europe European Research project, Since 2009 Biochar With core funding "UK Biochar Research Centre seeks to http://www.biochar-
Union, United Pyrolysis plant for five years, provide an evidence base to support the international.org/ukbrc
Kingdom under sponsored by the rational deployment of biochar for the
construction in Engineering and primary purpose of climate change
2012 Physical Sciences mitigation (particularly carbon
Research Council abatement), while being driven by an
(EPSRC). understanding of how the most value can
be added to it in terms of soil function."

Europe European Pyrolysis plant & 2010 - 2012 Biochar A 180,000 grant Aberystwyth Universitys Institute of http://www.walesonline.co.uk/go-
Union, United research (18 months from the Welsh Biological, Environmental and Rural green/go-green-
Kingdom project) Assembly Sciences (IBERS): "Innovative strategies climate/2010/01/27/aberystwyth-to-build-
Government. for organic waste management, biochar-facility-91466-25689352/
sustainable land management and
climate change mitigation are key areas
of consideration."

Europe European Production & Since 2008, Biochar Private company "Carbon Gold": "Has http://www.carbongold.com/the-principles
Union, United sales of biochar & (maybe developed the first ever biochar
Kingdom biochar kilns longer) methodology for calculating emissions
reductions from the production of
biochar."
Europe European Production and Ongoing in Biochar Private company "Nutrichar": Lumpwood http://www.nutrichar.co.uk/about.php
Union, United sales of biochar, 2012 char from Devon trees, infused with
Kingdom based in Devon (since ?) certified organic seaweed fertilizer
sourced from the UK.

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Europe European Climate Model 2012-17 Major European Research Institution: Oxford University. http://cordis.europa.eu/projects/102370_
Union, United Development research Commission: Project name: "Towards the Prototype en.html
Kingdom project PESM, Seventh Probabilistic Earth-System Model for
Framework Climate Prediction". The development of
program. Project is the prototype Probabilistic Earth-System
worth 2,137,014. Model will open a new era of international
scientific collaboration on climate model
development, and has the potential to
influence climate policy, on mitigation,
adaptation and on geoengineering, a the
highest governmental and
intergovernmental levels.

Europe European Research related Since 2008 Major Shell Research C-Quest rate: Their idea is to lime to http://www.cquestrate.com/about-us
Union, United to Ocean research oceans and to develop the technology in
Kingdom acidification & project an open source way. The main person
climate change involved is Tim Kruger, also associated
with the Oxford geoengineering institute.

Europe European No testing 2010 - 2012 Major Universities of Project name: IAGP - Integrated http://www.iagp.ac.uk/
Union, United research Leeds, Bristol, assessment of Geoengineering Projects.
Kingdom project Cardiff, Oxford, Research carried out by: University of
Lancaster, East Leeds, Bristol, Cardiff, Oxford, Lancaster
Anglia, Met office, and East Anglia.
NERC, EPSRC

Europe European Look at Since 2010 Major Royal Society with Project name: SRMGI - Solar Radiation www.srmgi.org
Union, United governance of research Environmental Management Governance Initiative
Kingdom research, up to project Defense Fund and
and including Third World
testing and Academy of Science
deployment

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Europe European First test 2011 - 2013 Major The 1,6 M project, Project name: SPICE-Stratospheric http://www.handsoffmotherearth.org/hose
Union, United cancelled research funded by the Particle Injection for Climate Engineering. -experiment/spice-opposition-letter/;
Kingdom (Skuthorpe) project Engineering and First test of "Trojan Hose" to shoot http://gow.epsrc.ac.uk/ViewGrant.aspx?
Physical Sciences particles to stratosphere cancelled GrantRef=EP/I01473X/1
Research Council following activist campaign. Projects
(EPSRC) and the aims to evaluate particles, delivery
Natural Environment mechanisms and impacts of
Research Council stratospheric particle injection (SRM).
(NERC), supported University of Bristol in collaboration with
by the Science and the Universities of Oxford, Cambridge
Technology and Edinburgh, as well as military
Facilities Council contractor Marshall Aerospace.
(STFC)

Europe European UK Parliamentary 2010 Major Government UK committee advocated beginning an http://www.publications.parliament.uk/pa/
Union, United committee holds research international discussion on the regulation cm200910/cmselect/cmsctech/221/221.p
Kingdom public hearings project of geoengineering, argued against the df
on the regulation use of the precautionary principle and
of geoengineering said that small scale SRM tests should
be allowed!

Europe European Pilot plant in Underway Other Laing ORourke, Rio Novacem: Developed a carbon negative http://novacem.com/wp-content/uploads/
Union, United London (carbon (beginning Tinto Minerals, WSP cement. 2010/12/Novacem-TSB-case-
Kingdom negative cement) 2012) Group, Imperial study_vF.pdf
Innovations, the
Royal Society
Enterprise Fund and
the London
Technology Fund

Africa European Crozet Islands, 2004 - 2005 Ocean NERC (Natural Project name: CROZEX (=CCROZet http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fe_fertilizatio
Union, United 2,222 km south- fertilization + Environment natural iron bloom and Export n,
Kingdom east of South Research Council, experiment). Application of iron. "At its http://www.noc.soton.ac.uk/obe/PROJEC
Africa UK) peak the bloom covers a wide area (400 TS/crozet/index.php
km x 400 km)."

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Europe European Building model Since 2006 SRM University of Cloud Whitening. Work has begun at http://event.arc.nasa.gov/main/home/rep
Union, United ship, status (ongoing ?) Edinburgh building Edinburgh University in Scotland on the orts/SolarRadiationCP.pdf, page 8
Kingdom hardware: ships design of practical seagoing hardware for
an initial field demonstration. The
proposal is to use a fleet of unmanned,
wind driven spray vessels equipped with
satellite navigation, positioned at suitable
points around the oceans. They would
sail back and forth across the local wind
and drag oversize propellers through the
water to act as turbines to generate the
energy for spray. Periodically, they would
be directed to new positions.

Europe European Skuthorpe Air 2011 - 2012 SRM The 1,6 million University of Bristol in collaboration with Campaign website against the
Union, United field, Norfolk project is funded by the Universities of Oxford, Cambridge experiment:
Kingdom the Engineering and and Edinburgh, and Marshall Aerospace. http://www.handsoffmotherearth.org/2011
Physical Sciences Project name: Stratospheric Particle /09/press-release-no-spice-in-our-skies-
Research Council Injection for Climate Engineering say-environmental-justice-groups/ http://
(EPSRC) and the (SPICE). Engineering test hose to deliver www.newscientist.com/article/mg211282
Natural Environment particles to the stratosphere as an SRM 94.000-geoengineering-trials-get-under-
Research Council technology. Test postponed due to civil way.html
(NERC), supported society opposition.
by the Science and
Technology
Facilities Council
(STFC)

Europe former >69,000 km, e.g. 1967 - 1994 Reduced Government See Weather Modification Data for WMO 1994 + 1980
Yugoslavia Serbia, Precipitation details, please.
Macedonia
Africa Gambia Western Region, Ongoing ? Biochar Supported by "Small biochar projects", e.g. with http://www.biofuelwatch.org.uk/docs/bioc
Bwiam "Concern Universal" jatropha and vetivier grass har_africa_briefing.pdf

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Europe Ghana Research project Since 2009 Biochar Abokobi Society Assessment of biochar's potential. http://www.scribd.com/maryloola/d/63513
with field trials in Switzerland; 247-Ghana-Biochar-Production;
Northern Ghana Rothamstead http://www.biochar-
(Gbilugu, Research; Soil international.org/ghana;
Tamale); former Research Institute http://www.biochar-
field trials in of Kumasi; DeCo international.org/node/923;
Okwabena http://www.biofuelwatch.org.uk/docs/bioc
(Southern Ghana) har_africa_briefing.pdf; http://www.deco-
farming.com,
http://www.ghananewsagency.org/details/
Science/Organic-fertilizer-is-suitable-for-
soils-in-the-north/?ci=8&ai=33241; http://
www.abokobi.ch/47/PROJEKTE/Biochar.
html

Africa Ghana Research & Since 2007 Biochar Council of Scientific Training local farmers in biochar http://www.biochar-
training farmers to and Industrial production using available feedstock like international.org/ghana;
use biochar Research, Ghana; rice husk, rice straw, sawdust, maize http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTLA
Arroz e Feijo stover, and cocoa husk. Biochar C/Resources/africabrazil_eligible_propos
(CNPAF); World workshop in 2011. Funding from World als-2010-11-02.pdf
Bank Bank for further research - project title:
"Biochar for enhanced soil productivity".

S-America Guatemala Guatemala, C. A.: 1991, 1992, Increased Sponsor: Empresa carried out by North American Weather http://www.nawcinc.com/Wxmod.pdf;
Chixoy River 1994: Precipitation Electrica and Consultants, Inc; for hydroelectric power http://www.nawcinc.com/NAWC
Drainage summer Instituto Nacional de production %20Operational%20Programs.pdf
Electrificacion

Africa Guyana Research Since 2011 or Biochar University of University if Guyana: Research focus: http://www.biochar-
2012 Guyana, Faculty of utilization of biochar for carbon international.org/Guyana
Natural Sciences sequestration and land restoration
Department of (agricultural and mining sectors)
Chemistry & Faculty
of Agriculture and
Forestry Department
of Chemistry

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Australia/ Hawaii 6 acre Since 2007 Algae Former joint venture Cellana: Owns a demonstration facility to http://www.oilgae.com/algae/cult/cos/cem
Oceania demonstration schemes between Shell and grow marine algae and produce /cem.html; http://cellana.com/news/hr-
facility in Kona, HRBP (HR vegetable oil for conversion into biofuel. biopetroleum-to-acquire-shells-
Hawaii. BioPetroleum, Inc.). Contract to establish commercial facility shareholding-in-cellana-algae-joint-
Since January 2011, signed in 2008 with Hawaiian Electric venture/; http://cellana.com/production-
HRBP is the sole and Maui Electric companies: CO2 from facilities/commercial-facility/
owner of Cellana. the Ma'alaea plant to an adjacent
Project commercial algae facility.
stakeholders:
University of Hawaii,
Hawaiian Electric
Company, Maui
Electric Company,
the National Alliance
for Advanced
Biofuels and
Bioproducts
consortium, the U.S.
Department of
Energy and others.

S-America Honduras Agricultural area, 1948, 1993, Increased Empresa Nacional See Weather Modification Data for See Weather Modification Data for
El Cajon 1994, 1995, Precipitation & De Energia details, please. details, please.
Drainage Basins 1997: Reduced Electrica, United
summer Precipitation Fruit Company
Europe Iceland Field scale January 2012 CCS A combined Project name: CarbFix. Enhanced http://www.or.is/English/Projects/CarbFix/
injection of CO2 industrial and weathering (CO2). Led by power and AbouttheProject/;
into basalts in academic research utility firm Orkuveita Reykjavikur and the http://www.or.is/English/Projects/CarbFix/
Hellisheidi program. University of Iceland. Readstory/2290

Asia India R&D Since 2002 ? Algae Joint R&D with Company EBTI (Enhanced Biofuels & http://www.ebtiplc.com/;
schemes Renewed World Technologies India Ltd.): discovered http://www.indiabizclub.com/qxzpmd/?q=;
Energies Co. algae species with especially high 1ox1susugi5o09qrt;
productivity and oil content. http://www.asiabiomass.jp/english/topics/
0911_07.html

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Asia India R&D, industrial Ongoing in Algae ACC India is part of ACC India (formerly known as http://www.oilgae.com/algae/cult/cos/cem
size planned for 2012 schemes the Holcim Group. Associated Cement Company) has /cem.html;
the future (since ?) initiated a project to sequester CO2 http://www.acclimited.com/newsite/sitem
generated by cement kilns to produce ap.asp; http://www.holcim.com/en/case-
high energy algal biomass, which will studies/acc-india-industrial-farming-of-
then be reused as fuel in its cement kilns. co2-into-algal-biomass-fuel.html
Goal is to harmonize the algal production
rate with the CO2 emission rates, and
ensure recycling of CO2 and providing
continuous algal biomass fuel for the kiln
& power plants.

Asia India 20 different 2009 - 2012 Biochar Action carbonne, There have been a variety of The summary of biochar projects in
projects around Good Planet; GEO experiments, meetings and seminars and developing countries is supplied by the
the country (Geoecology Energy involvement of Indian non-profits with International Biochar Initative, for a study
Organization); international biochar advocates but that was supported by the World Bank,
B*Capital (PNB accurate information on the scope of 11 May 2011. Summary available at
Paribas); activities is not easily accessible. http://www.biochar-international.org/sites/
Econhoma; Sai default/files/IBI_Survey_5-11-11_online.p
Bhaskar Reddy; df; http://www.biocharindia.com;
Biochar for Carbon http://www.biocharsoc.org/;
Reduction, http://www.biochar-
Sustainable international.org/node/2044
Agriculture and Soil
Management
(BIOCHARM),
UKBRC

Asia India E.g. 1,600 km in 1967, 1973 - Increased See Weather See Weather Modification Data for See Weather Modification Data for
Maharashtra 1980, 2003, Precipitation Modification Data details, please. details, please.
State 2004 for details, please.
Asia Indonesia South 1979 - 1980, Increased See Weather See Weather Modification Data for See Weather Modification Data for
Kalimantan, West 2005 - 2007 Precipitation Modification Data details, please. details, please.
Java, Soroako for details, please.
area
Asia Iran Eng Central Iran 1974 - 1978, Increased See Weather See Weather Modification Data for See Weather Modification Data for
1989 - 1996, Precipitation Modification Data details, please. details, please.
2004 - 2007 for details, please.
Asia Iraq 10,000 km target 1983 Increased Governmental Project name: Precipitation WMO 1980,
area; Mosul Precipitation research Enhancement in Mosul, Iraq http://www.wmo.int/pages/prog/arep/wmp
/documents/Cloud%20seeding
%20experiments%20in%20Arab
%20countries.pdf

27/115
Asia Israel 1,600 m pilot Since 2006 Algae Land leased from Private company "Seambiotic Ltd.": http://www.powerplantccs.com/ccs/cap/fu
plant area within schemes Israel Electric Algae cultivation in open ponds using t/alg/alg_proj_seambiotic.html;
the campus of the Corporation (IEC) flue gas from the power station. Further http://www.seambiotic.com/uploads/Sea
Rutenberg power pilot plants and larger facilities planned. mbiotic%20Ltd.%20-%20Algae%20Pilot
plant, close to %20Plant%20white%20paper.pdf
Ashkelton

Asia Israel Develops/sells Ongoing Algae Private company "Cequesta Alga Ltd.": http://www.oilgae.com/ref/report/co2_cap
large-scale algae (since ?) schemes Company is engaged in large-scale algae ture/co2_capture.html;
field technology field (LSAF) technology. The companys http://www.cequesta.com/component/con
ambition is to design Large-Scale Algae tent/article/42-general-info/48-cequesta-
Technology growing micro-algae at very algae.html;
low cost. http://www.matimop.org.il/company.aspx
?code=8635;
http://www.aardvarkinvestments.com/inv
estments.php

Asia Israel 16,000 km at 1960 - 2002 Increased Government See Weather Modification Data for See Weather Modification Data for
least, e.g. in Precipitation (Agriculture, details, please. details, please.
Northern Israel Hydrology)
S-America Jamaica > 11,500 km, 1976, 1989 - Increased See Weather See Weather Modification Data for See Weather Modification Data for
e.g. Central 1991 Precipitation Modification Data details, please. details, please.
Jamaica for details, please.
Asia Japan R&D for a Biofuel Since 2006 Algae Thailand's Institute The institutions mentioned to the left http://www.asiabiomass.jp/english/topics/
plant of 80 t (probably schemes of Scientific and formed a Joint Research Agreement on 0911_07.html; http://www.plantresearch-
oil/year capacity longer) Technological the "Research and Development of bath.org/algae-biotechnology/prof-rod-
Research (TISTR), Biofuel Production from Microalgae in scott/; http://algae-energy.co.uk/algae-
DENSO Corporation Thailand." Plans to use the microalgae companies/japan/,
(global automotive Pseudochoricystis ellipsoidea to capture http://www.denso.co.th/denso/en/news_a
supplier CO2 emissions from DENSO factories rticle.jsp?lang=en&type=2&id=135
headquartered in and to recover biodiesel from the
Japan) resulting algal biomass.

Asia Japan Research 2010 Biochar Japan Biochar Association: Provides http://www.publish.csiro.au/?
activities information, knowledge, technology and act=view_file&file_id=SR10006.pdf .;
social science concerning biochar not http://www.geocities.jp/yasizato/5subjects
only in agriculture, forestry and fishery .htm
but also in carbonizing technology,
architecture and solution for
environmental problems. "We also hope
to contribute for the reduction of CO2 and
pollutants in atmosphere with utilizing
charcoal."

28/115
Asia Japan NW Pacific 2001, Ocean Japans Global Project name: SEEDS I (Subarctic pacific http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fe_fertilizatio
Ocean, patch of summer fertilization + Environmental iron Experiment for Ecosystem Dynamics n,
80 km, NE of Research Fund with Study). Application of 350 kg of Fe. http://www.cbd.int/doc/publications/cbd-
Japan some Canadian ts-45-en.pdf;
support http://www.pices.int/meetings/workshops/
2005_workshops/SEEDS
%20II/SEEDS_f.pdf;
http://www.etcgroup.org/en/node/4913

Asia Japan NW Pacific 2004, Ocean see SEEDS I ?? Project name: SEEDS II (Subarctic http://www.tos.org/oceanography/issues/i
Ocean, patch of summer fertilization + pacific iron Experiment for Ecosystem ssue_archive/issue_pdfs/22_3/22-3_stro
64 km, NE of Dynamics Study). Application of 491 kg ng.pdf,
Japan of iron. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fe_fertilizatio
n;
http://www.pices.int/meetings/workshops/
2005_workshops/SEEDS
%20II/SEEDS_f.pdf;
http://www.cbd.int/doc/publications/cbd-
Asia Japan >500 km, e.g. 1993 - 2002 Increased See Weather See Weather Modification Data for ts-45-en.pdf
WMO report 1999; 2002, 1996, 1993
Nigata and Precipitation Modification Data details, please.
Gunma for details, please.
prefectures
Asia Jordan >30,000 km, e.g. 1966 - 1999 Increased See Weather See Weather Modification Data for See Weather Modification Data for
North & West Precipitation Modification Data details, please. details, please.
Jordan for details, please.
Asia Kazakhstan Around Astana 1998 Reduced Probably Russia Carried out by ROSHYDROMET http://www.wmo.int/pages/prog/arep/wmp
Precipitation (through (Russian Agency of Atmospheric /documents/Koloskov_Russia.pdf
ROSHYDROMET) Technology): to improve weather
conditions for the city.
Africa Kenya Research project Since 2005 Biochar Cornell University: "application for the http://www.biochar-
in Western project to be recognized for carbon international.org/9country#kenya;
Kenya, Nandi trading under CDM or other schemes http://www.biofuelwatch.org.uk/docs/bioc
district including the voluntary market" har_africa_briefing.pdf
Africa Kenya Various projects 2004 - 2012 Biochar African Christians ACON: Field research. Goal: to train http://www.biochar-
in Bungoma Organization 1,000 farmers or more in biochar international.org/profile/ACON/Kenya;
District, Western Network (ACON); production and use. http://www.airterra.ca/about-
Kenya Air Terra (Canadian, us/team/http://stud.epsilon.slu.se/2572/1/
links to alvum_toll_k_etal_110509.pdf
ConocoPhillips),
National
Geographic.

Asia Korea, > 2,000 km, e.g. 1995 - 1996, Increased See Weather See Weather Modification Data for WMO 2002,1996
Republic of Kyungnam 2000 - 2002, Precipitation & Modification Data details, please.
(South Korea) Province, 2006 Reduced for details, please.
Gangneung Precipitation

29/115
Asia Laos Pilot project Since 2011 Biochar $4M grant from the Carried out by Asian Development Bank: http://www.lankabusinessonline.com/indo
Nordic Development Pilot projects in biogas systems, biochar china/fullstory.php?nid=1666004579;
Fund and $600,000 kilns and improved cooking stoves. http://sea-biochar.blogspot.com/2011/07/
from Vietnam, Laos "Promoting more efficient use of biomass adb-agrees-4-mln-grant-to-boost-
and Cambodia can simultaneously address the goals of biomass.html
governments fighting climate change "

Africa Libya > 60,000 km, 1972 - 2002 Increased See Weather See Weather Modification Data for See Weather Modification Data for
e.g. Northern with Precipitation Modification Data details, please. details, please.
Coastal areas interruptions for details, please.
Europe Macedonia 8,000 km target 1971 - 2003 Reduced Sponsor: Project name: Hail Suppression Project, WMO 2003-2004 projects; WMO 1999;
area in 2003; in every year; Precipitation Government no evaluation. WMO 2002, 1993+94, 1996
1993+1994+1996 e.g. 20 days
+1999+2002: in 2003 from
25,000km May - Sept;
27 days in
1993 from
Apr - Oct, 29
days in 1996:
from Apr -
Oct

Africa Madagascar >10,000 km, e.g. 1980 - 1999 Increased See Weather See Weather Modification Data for WMO 1992, 1999, 1980
Mahafaly and with Precipitation Modification Data details, please.
Androy regions interruptions for details, please.

Asia Malaysia Pilot & research 2008 Biochar University of Putra Malaysia: Oil palm https://spreadsheets.google.com/spreads
project residues in the form of empty fruit heet/pub?
bunches are successfully pyrolysed to key=0AqK8nxi8zfEvdHdhQmpuZ1QtclNF
produce biochar in a 20 t/day pilot scale ZG9vdWVEaTFkOUE&single=true&gid=
"Carbonator". 0&output=html
Asia Malaysia Research project 2010 - 2012 Biochar Malaysian Palm Oil Board: Production https://spreadsheets.google.com/spreads
and characterization of biochar. heet/pub?
key=0AqK8nxi8zfEvdHdhQmpuZ1QtclNF
ZG9vdWVEaTFkOUE&single=true&gid=
0&output=html

30/115
Asia Malaysia Research project 2012 - 2015 Biochar German Federal Carried out by Leibniz-Institute for http://www.biochar-
Ministry of Agricultural Engineering Potsdam-Bornim international.org/node/2979
Education and e.V. (ATB) in cooperation with other
Research (BMBF) partners, e.g. University of Putra
Malaysia. Project name: Biochar in
agriculture - perspectives for Germany
and Malaysia": questions effects on the
environment and the potential to reduce
CO2 in the atmosphere.

Asia Malaysia >5,000 km, e.g. 1977 - 1980, Increased Government See Weather Modification Data for See Weather Modification Data for
North Perak 1992, 1997 - Precipitation details, please. details, please.
2005
Africa Mali Ongoing trials & Since 2011 at Biochar Altran Foundation ProNatura (France): "green charcoal http://www.biofuelwatch.org.uk/docs/bioc
demonstrations, least project"; "Biochar raises agricultural har_africa_briefing.pdf,
small pyrolysis yields and reverses climate change"; http://www.pronatura.org/?page_id; http://
plant ProNatura works to receive carbon www.new-
credits for putting CO2 "back to ground". ag.info/en/focus/focusItem.php?
a=963=521&lang=en

Africa Mali 332 flights since 2006 - 2011 Increased Government ($32,5 Carried out by "American consultants", http://www.journaldumali.com/article.php
2007, e.g. near Precipitation million from 2006 to probably Weather Modification Inc. for ?aid=1601,
the town of Mopti, 2010); NCAR most/all flights. http://waterlawblog.blogspot.com/2010/0
close to Burkina (National Center for 6/cloud-seeding-in-mali-multi-
Faso Atmospheric million.html,
Research) http://www.rap.ucar.edu/projects/westafri
ca/http://www.weathermodification.com/p
rojects.php?id=18;
http://desertification.wordpress.com/2009
/10/15/bio-precipitation-or-cloud-seeding-
for-faking-snow-in-the-desert-to-boost-
rain-irin/;
http://www.hutchnews.com/Localregional/
pilotseeds

Africa Mauritania Cloud seeding, reported for Increased See Weather See Weather Modification Data for See Weather Modification Data for
e.g. over 1998, 2009 Precipitation Modification Data details, please. details, please.
Nouakchott, for details, please.
Trarza, Adrar and
Nouadhibou

31/115
N-America Mexico Commercial scale Since 2011 or Algae Aquaviridis is Aquaviridis (Minnesota): R&D with plans http://www.businesswire.com/news/home
production 2012 schemes backed by private to scale up to 10 acres of pilot algae /20120203005236/en/Algae-Producer-
capacity planned sector funding and production in 2012. Commercial scale Aquaviridis-OriginOil-Announce-Joint-
for 2013 in cooperates with production capacity in 2013. Aquaviridis Commercial
Mexicali Valley OriginOils selected the Mexicali Valley as a
(technology strategic location due to favorable
provider) growing conditions, strong local and
governmental support, and available
sources of CO2.

Central Mexico Eng Northern 1970 - 1984, Increased See Weather See Weather Modification Data for See Weather Modification Data for
America Mexico 1996 - 1999, Precipitation Modification Data details, please. details, please.
2011 for details, please.
Central Mexico Participated in 1995 Ocean Mexican CICESE- Mexico funded and was involved in http://www.usc.edu/uscnews/stories/2203
America IronEX-II fertilization + Centro de IronEx-II .html;
Investigacion http://www.etcgroup.org/en/node/4913
Cientifica y Edu. (page 14)
Superior de
Ensenada (among
others)

Europe Moldavia 21,250 km; "60% 1964 - 2000, Reduced Sponsor: Project name: Prevention of Hail WMO 1999 projects; 2000
of the national every year; Precipitation Government Damage.
territory" e.g. 31 days (agriculture)
in 1999 from
May - Aug
Asia Mongolia Research project Ongoing ? Biochar Partners include the MoBI: Use of biochar producing stoves http://www.biochar-
NGOs People and examination of cooperative international.org/9country
Centered production of carbon credits from family
Conservation in units.
Mongolia (PCC); the
Mongolian Women
Farmers'
Association
(MWFA); and the
Snow Leopard
Conservation Fund
(SLCF); Funding by
Australian Embassy.

32/115
Asia Mongolia > 800 km 1990 - 1996 Increased See Weather See Weather Modification Data for WMO 1996, 1993, 1994, 1992, 1996
Precipitation & Modification Data details, please.
Reduced for details, please.
Precipitation
Africa Morocco >16,000km, e.g. 1980 - 2003 Increased See Weather See Weather Modification Data for See Weather Modification Data for
High Atlas Precipitation Modification Data details, please. details, please.
mountains for details, please.
Australia/ New Zealand Future plans to Since 2010 Algae In cooperation with Aquaflow: Announced project for http://www.aquaflowgroup.com/projects/s
Oceania cultivate algae for schemes UOP (Universal Oil industrial use of microalgae. Aquaflow equestering-industrial-waste-
CO2 capture Products). has been harvesting wild algae from a demonstration-project;
municipal waste water site in Blenheim, http://www.asiabiomass.jp/english/topics/
New Zealand for over 5 years. 0911_07.html

Australia/ New Zealand Sales of biochar Since 2009 Biochar Ernslaw One Alternative Energy Solutions Ltd: New http://www.bioenergy.org.nz/documents/p
Oceania and pyrolysis (Malaysia), EECA Zealand's first demonstration wood ublications/Liquid
plant (NZ) pyrolysis plant located in Pukohe. %20Biofuels/KeyPlayers%20in%20NZ
Capacity: up to 100t/day. %20LiqBio/AES.pdf; http://www.biochar-
international.org/images/April_2009_new
sletter.pdf

Australia/ New Zealand Production of Since 2006 Biochar Private company "CarbonScape": aims to http://www.carbonscape.com/
Oceania Biochar in address the problem of CO2 release".
Marlborough
region
Australia/ New Zealand Lab-research 2011 (already Biochar Lakeland Steel: Pilot pyrolysis plant for http://www.biochar.co.nz/workshop.html;
Oceania project earlier ?) sawmill residues at Rotura. Supplied http://www.lakelandsteel.co.nz/index.php
biochar to at least one research project, ?
by Landcare Research/University of option=com_content&view=article&id=44
Waikato. &Itemid=73; http://www.plusgroup.co.nz/
biochar-hydrological-properties.html

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Australia/ New Zealand Research project: 2010 - 2013 Biochar Government ($1M Participants: NZ Biochar Research http://biochar.co.nz/Files/2011_Biochar_
Oceania GHG mitigation annually for 3 years) Centre at Massey University, with co- Final_programme_low_res.pdf;
and carbon chairs Professor Jim Jones and http://www.waikato.ac.nz/news-
trading Associate Professor Marta Camps, 6 events/media/2010/06Biochar
PhD students and cross-disciplinary %20benefits%20for%20farmers.shtml;
collaboration between GNS Science, http://www.nzfarmersweekly.co.nz/cgi-
Landcare Research, Plant and Food bin/article.cgi?
Research, AgResearch and the NZ cmd=show&article_id=8622&view=view_
Agricultural Greenhouse Gas Research printable&border=none
Centre.

Australia New Zealand Hawkei Bay, 1995 - 1996: Reduced Government Project name: Small scale hail cannon. WMO 1996
400km Nov - Feb Precipitation
Africa Niger Ongoing trials & Ongoing in Biochar ProNatura (France) ProNatura wants carbon credits for http://www.biofuelwatch.org.uk/docs/bioc
demonstrations, 2012 putting CO2 "back to ground". har_africa_briefing.pdf, http://www.new-
small pyrolysis (since ?) ag.info/en/focus/focusItem.php?a=963
plant close to
Niamey
Europe Norway Research project 2010 - 2013 Biochar The project is Bioforsk, in cooperation with University http://www.bioforsk.no/ikbViewer/page/pr
financed by the for Life Sciences (UMB): Using osjekt/tema?
Norwegian miscanthus to test ability of biochar to p_dimension_id=23800&p_menu_id=238
Research Council - enhance soil carbon sequestration. 10&p_sub_id=23801&p_dim2=23806
Program for
renewable energy
and capture and
storage of CO2
(FRIENERGI) in
cooperation with
UMB, NTNU, and
the Universities of
Firenze and Zurich.

Europe Norway ~ 0,7M t/year of Since April CCS Statoil ASA, Petoro Global CCS Institute. Project name: Global CSS Institute,
CO2 have been 2008 AS (Norwegian state Snohvit CO2 Injection. Location: Barents http://www.globalccsinstitute.com/project
injected and direct interest), Total Sea, Norway. The project was among the s/12406
stored in the E&P Norge AS, first offshore hydrocarbon developments
Tuben GDF Suez E&P to entirely consist of sub-sea facilities.
sandstone Norge AS, Norsk Liquified natural gas is injected under
Hydro, Hess Norge seabed, some 2,600 m beneath the
seabed, 45-75 meters thick.

34/115
Europe Norway ~ 1M t/year of Since 1996 CCS Statoil ASA. Project name: "Sleipner CO2 Global CCS Institute,
CO2 is injected Injection". The world's 1st fully http://www.globalccsinstitute.com/project
into a deep saline operational offshore gas field with CO2 s/12401
formation 8M t injection and first CO2 storage project in
injected to date. a geological layer 1,000 m below the sea
floor. CO2 is separated from produced
gas at the Sleipner T platform and re-
injected into the saline formation.
Planned maximum injection: 20M t.

Asia Oman Feasibility study & 2004, Increased Oman's Ministry of "Oman's Ministry .... announced that his http://www.asr.ucar.edu/2004/RAP/precip
cloud seeding in summer Precipitation Regional country is exploring rainmaking itation-enhancement.htm;
the Dhahirah and Municipalities, technology to solve its severe water http://www.source.irc.nl/page/12809;
Batinah regions Water Resources shortage. Working with the American http://www.source.irc.nl/page/22957
and Environment Institute for Rain Enhancement, Al
(but NO information Sulaimani's department plans to try
available on their seeding clouds with silver iodide particles
website: this summer"
http://www.omanet.o
m/english/commerc
e/econ11.asp?
cat=comm)

Asia Pakistan Eng in Thar 1953 - 1956, Increased See Weather See Weather Modification Data for See Weather Modification Data for
desert, Cholistan, Jun 2000 Precipitation Modification Data details, please. details, please.
Khuzdar and Mar 2001 for details, please.
Baluchistan

S-America Panama 2 target areas: 1980 - 1983; Increased Government Project name: Emergency project to WMO 1980
3,620 km & e.g. 61 days Precipitation increase rain in the Panama Canal &
3,290 km; in 1980 from region of the Bayano river
Panama canal, Jun - Aug
Bayano river
International Peru No testing; Expert 2011, June Major IPCC, Working Joint IPCC Expert Meeting of WGI, WGII, http://www.ipcc-wg3.de/meetings/expert-meetings-and-wor
meeting in Peru research groups I, II, III and WGIII on Geoengineering: a platform
project for exchange and discussion among
experts from the different disciplines

S-America Peru Upper and middle 1992 - 1993: Increased Government Project name: Modification Artificial Del WMO 1992,WMO 1993
flow of Mantara 120 days in Precipitation Tiempo
River (1992), 1992, Jan -
9,000km (1993) Mar in 1993

35/115
Latin America Peru 70 ha on 3 2010 SRM World Bank Eduardo Gold, and his company
mountain tops Glaciares Peru won a World Bank
(surface albedo) competition by claiming that melting
glaciers could be replaced by
environmentally friendly white paint, in
order to maintain the Earth's albedo
(reflectivity).

Asia Philippines Eng Visayas, 1968 - 2005 Increased Government See Weather Modification Data for See Weather Modification Data for
northern Luzon, (probably Precipitation details, please. details, please.
southern island of longer)
Mindanao
Asia Philippines Sulu Sea, 1t of N 2007 - 2008 Ocean Ocean nourishment A campaign by a coalition of civil society http://www.etcgroup.org/en/node/5081;
(Urea) fertilization + Corporation (ONC) groups and Philippine government forced http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ocean_nouris
sponsors to cancel experiment but ONC hment
is still open for business.

S-America Puerto Rico Southern parts 1965, 1974 Increased See Weather See Weather Modification Data for See Weather Modification Data for
and watershed of Precipitation Modification Data details, please. details, please.
the Carraizo Dam for details, please.

Europe Russia Exact date and 2009 Results SRM Institute of Global Stratospheric aerosols from ground and <http://www.etcgroup.org/en/node/5073#
location not published Climate and helicopters in attempt to measure _ednref> See Chris Mooney,
revealed Ecology, sunlight scattering for SRM. Copenhagen: Geoengineerings Big
Roshydromet, Break?http://motherjones.com/envFeme
Russian Academy of nt/2009/12/copenhagen-
Science, Taifun geoengineerings-big-break. See also Yu
Scientific Industrial A. Izrael et al., Field Experiment on
Organization; Studying Solar Radiation Passing
Central Aerological Through Aerosol Layers, Russian
Observatory Meteorology and Hydrology, 2009, vol
34, no. 5, pp. 265-273; Chris Mooney,
Copenhagen: Geoengineerings Big
Break?http://motherjones.com/envFeme
nt/2009/12/copenhagen-
geoengineerings-big-break. See also Yu
A. Izrael et al., Field Experiment on
Studying Solar Radiation Passing
Through Aerosol Layers, Russian
Meteorology and Hydrology, 2009, vol
34, no. 5, pp. 265-273

36/115
Asia Russian >30,000 km, e.g. 1960 - 2003 Increased See Weather See Weather Modification Data for WMO 1993, 1994, 1980
Federation - Georgia, Precipitation & Modification Data details, please.
in this case Moldavia, Reduced for details, please.
Former Northern Precipitation
Soviet Union Caucasus
Asia Saudi Arabia >130,000 1990 - 2011 Increased See Weather See Weather Modification Data for See Weather Modification Data for
km,e.g. Abha (possibly with Precipitation Modification Data details, please. details, please.
area, Siydah area interruptions) for details, please.

Africa Senegal Field trials. Since June Biochar Societ Generale, ProNatura: Ongoing field trials, http://www.new-
Pyrolysis plant in 2009 Green Charcoal demonstration and small pyrolysis plant. ag.info/en/focus/focusItem.php?a=963;
Saint-Louis International ProNatura is working to get carbon http://www.biofuelwatch.org.uk/docs/bioc
Region, Ross credits. har_africa_briefing.pdf;
Bethio http://www.pronatura.org/wp-
content/uploads/2011/12/Green-
charcoal-Biochar-2010.pdf;
http://www.new-
ag.info/en/focus/focusItem.php?a=963;
http://www.biochar-international.org/VOA/
Senegal; http://www.biochar-
international.org/Pronatura,
http://www.steps-
centre.org/PDFs/Biochar_web.pdf

Africa Senegal 2005 - 2011 Increased See Weather See Weather Modification Data for See Weather Modification Data for
(possibly with Precipitation Modification Data details, please. details, please.
interruptions) for details, please.

Europe Serbia and Serbia, 77,134 1967 - 2003 Reduced Private agricultural Project name: Hail suppression system in WMO 2003-2004 projects; WMO 1999:
Montenegro km target area; every year; Precipitation sponsor in 2003, Serbia. No Environmental Impact WMO 2002, WMO 1996, WMO 1993
66,000km in e.g. 54 days Government in Assessment. Cost & benefit analysis
1993 & 1996 in 2003 from 1999, 1993, 1996 available.
Apr - Oct; 80
days in 1999
from Jul -
Oct; 72 days
in 2002; 39
days in 1993

Asia Singapore Eng in West 2006, 2011 Increased Government See Weather Modification Data for See Weather Modification Data for
Kalimantan Precipitation details, please. details, please.
Province

37/115
Africa South Africa Various Ongoing in Biochar University of Alterna Energy ("biocarbon http://www.biofuelwatch.org.uk/docs/bioc
experiments in 2012 Western Cape; manufacturer"): The study will contribute har_africa_briefing.pdf;
Mpumalanga (since ?) Stellenbosch to scientific knowledge that is important http://alternabiocarbon.com/applications/
Province; University; for soil fertility management and biochar;
Southern Cape University of improving soil quality and Carbon http://academic.sun.ac.za/soil/research_
Northern British sequestration in South Africa." Small projects_hard_hoff_ellis_harp.html
Columbia, SANERI pyrolysis plants, field trial, feasibility
study.

Africa South Africa >30,000 km, e.g. 1972 - Increased See Weather See Weather Modification Data for See Weather Modification Data for
Nelspruit area 1980's, 1991 Precipitation & Modification Data details, please. details, please.
- 1999 Reduced for details, please.
Precipitation
Asia Sri Lanka Construction of a Since 2011 Algae In cooperation with AlgaeTec Ltd.: To sequester CO2 http://www.oilgae.com/blog/2008/11/holci
algae facility to schemes Holcim Lanka generated by cement kilns to produce m-spanish-cement-plant-gets.html; http://
sequester CO2 high energy algal biomass, which will algaenews.com/2011/12/holcim-lanka-
generated by then be reused as fuel in its cement kilns. and-algae-tec-launch-first-biofuels-
cement kilns Using a high-yield enclosed algae growth production-facility-in-asia/;
and harvesting system provided by www.algaetec.com.au
AlgaeTec. Facility will be built in
conjunction with Holcim Lanka Ltd, a
cement and building materials company.

Europe Switzerland Eng Lugano 1986, around Increased See Weather See Weather Modification Data for See Weather Modification Data for
Region 2004 - 2005 Precipitation & Modification Data details, please. details, please.
Reduced for details, please.
Precipitation
Asia Syria Countrywide, 1991 - 2002 Increased Government Project name: Precipitation enhancement WMO 1999 projects; 2000;
125,000 - every year; Precipitation (agriculture) project; partly with support from Russia. http://theblanketeffect.blogspot.com/sear
170,000 km, e.g. In 50 ch/label/Middle%20East%20Programs,
depending on days in 1999 WMO 1993-94
year from Jan -
May & Nov -
April or 18
days in 2002

Asia Taiwan Central & 1992, 1994 Increased Sponsor: Taiwan Carried out by North American Weather http://www.nawcinc.com/Wxmod.pdf,
Southern Taiwan, Precipitation Central Weather Consultants, Inc: for irrigation water http://www.nawcinc.com/NAWC
Tsengwen Dam Bureau supplies. %20Research.pdf;
Drainage http://www.nawcinc.com/NAWC
%20Operational%20Programs.pdf, http://
www.nawcinc.com/International.pdf

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Asia Tajikistan Gissar and 1964 - 2000, Reduced sponsor: Project name: Hail in Tajikistan. WMO 1999 projects; wMO 2000
Vakhsh Valleys every year: Precipitation Government
during (Agriculture)
agricultural
growing
period

Africa Tanzania Field trial Ongoing Other Shuiling's Olivine concepts company: http://www.foe.co.uk/resource/reports/ne
(enhanced according to Field trial in Tanzania is utilizing waste gatonnes.pdf;
weathering) Negatonnes olivine from gemstone mining. Addition of
report in 2011 ground olivine (or other silicate minerals)
to soils (or surface water) to accelerate
the natural process of carbonation
through dissolution in the soil and in
runoff.

Africa Tanzania Since 1997 ? Increased Tanzania imported rain-making http://www.weathermodification.com/proj

Precipitation technology from Thailand. Aircraft used ects.php?id=10;
for cloud seeding. http://theblanketeffect.blogspot.com/sear
ch/label/African%20Programs
Asia Thailand On national scale 1955 - 2007 Increased Government See Weather Modification Data for See Weather Modification Data for
with Precipitation details, please. details, please.
interruptions
Europe Turkey Eng Istanbul 1990 - 2002, Increased See Weather See Weather Modification Data for See Weather Modification Data for
watersheds possibly with Precipitation Modification Data details, please. details, please.
interruptions for details, please.

Africa Uganda 1999 Increased Government Research project. WMO 1999 projects
Precipitation (Agriculture,
Hydrology, Weather
services)
Europe Ukraine >14,000 km, e.g. 1968 - 2000, Reduced See Weather See Weather Modification Data for WMO 2000, 1992
Crimnea every year; Precipitation Modification Data details, please.
Peninsula, e.g. 6 days in for details, please.
Odessa District 2000 from
May - Sep
Asia United Arab Abu Dhabi & 1982, 1990 - Increased See Weather See Weather Modification Data for See Weather Modification Data for
Emirates various other 1993, 2000 - Precipitation Modification Data details, please. details, please.
places 2007, maybe for details, please.
longer

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N-America USA R&D to develop Since 2010 Air capture Columbia University, The private company "Kilimanjaro Negatonnes report p. 15; http://www.foe.co.uk/resource/rep
materials and (at least) Arch Venture Energy" (New York, San Francisco) is
prototypes for Partners, Comer aiming for $50/t of captured CO2 to
CO2 capture Science and compete in the enhanced oil recovery
Research market
Foundation

N-America USA Pilot plant erected Since 2009 Air capture Pilot plant was co- Private company "Global Thermostat": http://globalthermostat.com/news/sucking
at SRI developed with Pilot plant captures 1,000 t/year of CO2. -carbon-from-air-carbon-negative-power-
International in Corning and BASF Company is negotiating commercial plants; http://globalthermostat.com/news/
Menlo Park, plants with the largest users of CO2 for sucking-carbon-from-air-carbon-
California industrial gases and Enhanced Oil negative-power-plants
Recovery in the world. Plans to introduce
its own brand of Renewable Gasoline in
Northern America, Hawaii and China.

N-America USA Pilot project in NE Since 2008 Algae Cooperation with Columbia Energy Partners & Portland http://www.powerplantccs.com/ccs/cap/fu
Oregon, Morrow schemes Oregon State General Electric: CO2 captured from t/alg/alg_proj_cep.html;http://www.portlan
County University Boardman coal plant. Open algae dgeneral.com/community_envFement/init
production system. Plans for a 2nd trial iatives/docs/algae_pilot_project.pdf ;
with a closed system (in cooperation with http://www.oilgae.com/blog/2008/09/portl
Oregon State University) and-general-electric-algae-turns.html

N-America USA NE Arizona, Since 2006 Algae Grant from the US Arizona Public Service Company (APS). http://www.powerplantccs.com/ccs/cap/fu
Cholla Generation (starting with schemes Department of Project name: Power Plant Emissions to t/alg/alg_proj_arizona_public.html; http://
Station: 1,000m trials) Energy for trials to Biofuels. Future plans for an 8 acres www.nrel.gov/biomass/pdfs/sun.pdf;
closed system. feed algae with CO2 algae farm. http://www.greentechmedia.com/articles/r
coming from its ead/aps-gets-70.5m-to-feed-captured-
coal-fired electricity carbon-to-algae/;
plants (in 2009). http://www.aps.com/_files/renewable/FF0
10EmissionstoFuelProject.pdf;
http://www.aps.com/main/news/releases/r
elease_415.html

N-America USA California: 326 Since 2005 Algae Private company "Carbon Capture http://www.powerplantccs.com/ccs/cap/fu
acres "algae schemes Corporation": Company processes algal- t/alg/alg_proj_car_cap_corp.html;
centre" in Imperial derived renewable diesel, butanol, http://www.carbcc.com/
Valley biomethane and jet fuel propellant.
Production capacity: 660 pounds/day of
dried algae biomass with 7% moisture
content, can be expanded to 2,200
pounds/day.

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N-America USA Colorado: pilot Since 2008 Algae Private company "A2BE Carbon Capture http://www.oilgae.com/ref/report/co2_cap
scale photo- (at least) schemes LLC": Closed photo-bioreactor. "we ture/co2_capture.html;
bioreactor expect to move from pilot scale to full http://www.algaeatwork.com/
scale bioreactor operation within 24
months with our first carbon capture
projects within 48 months. "

N-America USA Louisiana (New Since 2007 Algae Private companies "NRG Energy, Inc" http://www.oilgae.com/ref/report/co2_cap
Roads): field test schemes and "Green Fuel Technologies ture/co2_capture.html;
at 1,489 MW Corporation": Field testing GreenFuel's http://www.renewableenergyworld.com/re
coal-fueled power proprietary Emissions-to-Biofuels a/news/article/2007/04/nrg-energy-
plant technology at NRG's Big Cajun II, a testing-greenfuel-technologies-algae-
1,489-net MW coal-fueled power plant in bioreactor-system-48172
New Roads, Louisiana. Ultimate goal:
construction of a commercial-scale
facility, able to recycle enough CO2 to
yield up to 8,000 gallons of biodiesel /
acre annually.

N-America USA Colorado: Since 2007 Algae Private company "Solix Biofuels, Inc": http://www.oilgae.com/ref/report/co2_cap
Demonstration schemes Sells technology for industrial algae ture/co2_capture.html;
plant production. Outdoor Biosystem exceeded http://www.solixbiofuels.com/content/prod
3,000 gallons/acre & year in 2010. ucts

N-America USA Developed and Since 2099 Algae RWE - Renewed World Energies Co: http://www.rwenergies.com/news-
constructed an schemes Large Scale Photo-Bioreactor System, events/latest-news/76-a-new-age-in-
operational photo- commercially viable, fully automated, algae-energy.html
bioreactor closed system for microalgae production.
Using industrial plant emissions (Nox and
CO2) as a nutrient.

N-America USA Lab-scale Since 2008 Algae SarTec Corporation: trials for algae- http://www.oilgae.com/ref/report/co2_cap
photobioreactors (at least) schemes based CO2 sequestration (using flue gas ture/co2_capture.html;
in Anoka, from carbon emitters). http://www.sartec.com/co2capture.pdf;
Minnesota http://www.sartec.com/about.html
N-America USA Pilot plant in Since 2007 Algae BARD (Biofuel Advance R&D): In-door http://www.oilgae.com/club/users/MiaFra
Morrisville since schemes facilities to produce algae biomass at nceska/blogs/109;
2009; 3 commercial scale, using flue gas from http://www.bardholding.com/;
commercial scale carbon emitters, as well waste water as http://www.bardholding.com/?
plants since 2011 nutrient source. page_id=117
in Calhoun and
Dalton area, GA

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N-America USA Commercial Since 2006 Algae $25M from the US Algenol: patented its own DIRECT TO http://www.algenolbiofuels.com/about-
biorefinery in Fort schemes Department of ETHANOL technology. Company owns algenol/facilities-locations
Myers, Florida. Energy (2009) for a Cyano Biofuels GmbH (molecular biology
Capacity: pilot-scale laboratory) in Berlin, Germany since
100,000 gallons integrated 2010. Algenol owns as well Algenol
of Ethanol/year. biorefiner; $10M Biofuels Switzerland GmbH, located in
3,000 photo- economic Zug, Switzerland (research, development
bioreactors on 17 development and finance). Completion in
acres. incentive grant from 2012:Transforms its pilot-scale
Lee County, Florida biorefinery into a commercial site with a
(2010). Additional capacity of 100,000 gallons of
$90M from private Ethanol/year.
funders (2011)

N-America USA Research study 1978 - 1996 Algae U.S. Department of U.S. Department of Energy: Production http://www.ecoworld.com/energy-
(small-scale) schemes Energys Office of of biodiesel from high lipid-content algae fuels/factory-farmed-biofuel.html;
Fuels Development grown in ponds utilizing waste CO2 from http://www1.eere.energy.gov/biomass/pdf
funded a program to coal fired power plants. The study s/biodiesel_from_algae.pdf
develop renewable demonstrated that more than 300
transportation fuels species of algae were well suited to the
from algae (Aquatic task. Project was abandoned because of
Species Program) the difficulty in harvesting algae and high
cost of energy required to agitate the
pond to ensure sufficient algal exposure
to sunlight.

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N-America USA Pilot plant in Ongoing in Algae Private company: GreenShift Corporation: acquired rights http://www.ecoworld.com/energy-
Alpharetta, GA 2012 schemes Greenshift to Ohio Universitys patented fuels/factory-farmed-biofuel.html
(since ?) Corporation Cyanobacteria based bioreactor process
for reducing greenhouse gases
emissions from fossil-fuel combustion
processes. The algae also absorb NO2
and SO2. Prototype is capable of
handling 140 m3 of flue gas per minute,
an amount equal to the exhaust from 50
cars or a 3 MW power plant.
Future research to determine the
operational and economic feasibility of
such systems for organic biomass
production from the viewpoint of cement
industry. This would lead to sequestration
of CO2 produced from cement
manufacturing and production of biofuel
as an alternate fuel.

N-America USA Algae to Biodiesel Since Nov Algae European Union Private company "Culturing Solutions, http://www.culturingsolutions.com/index.h
demonstration 2011 schemes Funded Research Inc": "Implementing Carbon Capture from tml??
plant in New Port Facility. Ethanol Production, Power Generation,
Richey, Florida Concrete Manufacturing, and other
industrial flue gasses for use in the
Phyta-Platform Photobioreactor for
cultivation enhancement of algae."

N-America USA Western USA: Since 2008 Algae Private company "GEOVADA, LLC": http://www.geovada.com/page2/page2.ht
5,000 acres for schemes 5,000 acres designated for growing algae ml
algae cultivation for production of biodiesel. Local CO2
power plant emissions as a growth
stimulant for the algae production
together with geothermal heat.

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N-America USA Algae-to-biofuel Since 2008 Algae Energy company "PetroSun": "Farm http://www.treehugger.com/renewable-
facility in Rio schemes consists of 1,100 acres of saltwater energy/first-commercial-algae-to-
Hondo, Texas ponds, of which all but 20 acres will be biofuels-facility-goes-online.html
with 1,100 acres dedicated to producing biofuel from
of ponds algae. The other 20 acres will be used to
develop an experimental jet fuel. The
facility is expected to produce some 4.4M
gallons of algal oil, plus 110M pounds of
biomass/year." Plans to expand to
several US states, as well as Mexico,
Brazil and Australia.

N-America USA Developed an Since 2008 Algae Private company "Algaeon Inc (former http://www.oilgae.com/ref/report/co2_cap
industrial process schemes Stellarwind Bioenergy LLC)": Involved in ture/co2_capture.html;
to produce algae-based CO2 sequestration; http://stellarwindbioenergy.com/?q=About
different fuels production of fuels from algae oil with %20Us; http://www.algaeon-inc.com/?
from algae own technology. q=node/3

N-America USA 160 acre Algae Cooperation with Private company "Kent BioEnergy http://www.oilgae.com/ref/report/co2_cap
development & schemes Clemson University Corporation": commercially viable ture/co2_capture.html;
production facility microalgae-based technologies for water http://kentbioenergy.com/index.html
in Palm Springs, pollution remediation, CO2 capture,
research lab in landfill management, and the production
San Diego of livestock feed additives, fertilizer, and
biomass derived energy. Exclusive rights
to Clemson University's patented
technologies for harvesting and
converting microalgae biomass to
biolipids.

N-America USA Technology to Since 2006 Algae Investors: biodiesel "Inventure Chemicals": "Algae produced http://gigaom.com/cleantech/15-algae-
produce fuel from schemes company Imperium from CO2 emissions" startups-bringing-pond-scum-to-fuel-
Biomass (algae) Renewables, Cedar tanks/;
Grove Investments, http://www.inventurechem.com/technolog
Brighton Jones y_and_services.html
Wealth
Management and
undisclosed angel
investors.

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N-America USA Algae production Since 2006 Algae Quercus trust (and Private company "LifeFuels": Growing, http://gigaom.com/cleantech/15-algae-
in open ponds schemes others ?) harvesting and processing algal biomass startups-bringing-pond-scum-to-fuel-
into fuels and other valuable co-products. tanks/;
http://www.livefuels.com/pressreleases.ht
m
N-America USA Algae Since 2009 Algae Private company "Aurora": outdoor http://gigaom.com/cleantech/15-algae-
demonstration schemes production of "highly productive algae" startups-bringing-pond-scum-to-fuel-
facilities in with "yield high concentrations of rich oil". tanks/;
California, http://www.aurorainc.com/technology/facil
Florida, Mexico, ities/
and Australia

N-America USA Algae-to-biofuel Since 2008 Algae Private company "Petro Sun": The algae http://gigaom.com/cleantech/15-algae-
factory in Rio (probably schemes farm with 1,100 acres ponds. Petro Sun startups-bringing-pond-scum-to-fuel-
Honda, Texas. longer) thinks it will make 4.4M gallons of algal tanks/; http://www.petrosuninc.com/
1,100 acres oil and 110M pounds of biomass/year.
ponds
N-America USA In California and Ongoing in Algae Synthetic Genomics Inc.: Production of ETC Group (2011): The New Biomassters, page 63; http://w
Maryland 2012 schemes biocrude, biogasoline and jetfuel from
(since ?) algae
BP plc;
Biotechonomy LLC;
Draper Fisher
Jurvetson; Plenus,
S.A. de C.V.; ACGT
Sdn Bhd; and
Meteor Group.
ExxonMobil,
Genting Group, Life
Technologies,
Novartis,
Biotechonomy,
Asiatic Centre for
Tenome
Technology.
N-America USA Total of 7,700 t of 2003 - 2005 BECCS University of Final report about the project available Global Status of BECCS Projects 2010,
CO2 injected to a Kansas, National on the website of the Kansas Geologic p. 27:
depth of 870 m in Energy Technology Survey. Considered a failure because of http://cdn.globalccsinstitute.com/sites/def
Russel county, Laboratory weak Enhanced Oil Recovery results. ault/files/publications/13516/gccsi-
Kansas (research institute of biorecro-global-status-beccs-110302-
the USA report.pdf
Department of
Energy).

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N-America USA 105,000 t of CO2/ 2009, BECCS Cooperation with Private project run by Chaparral Energy. Global Status of BECCS Projects 2010,
year in Texas ongoing in Conestoga Energy The only project injecting CO2 from a p. 28
2012 Partners biotic source. CO2 from ethanol plant http://cdn.globalccsinstitute.com/sites/def
owned by Conestoga Energy Partners, ault/files/publications/13516/gccsi-
injected into Texas oil field "Booker North biorecro-global-status-beccs-110302-
Upper Morrow Field". Plans to expand report.pdf
Enhanced Oil Recovery with injection into
more fields in the area.

N-America USA 140 t of CO2/year Since 2011 BECCS Ethanol plant "Bonanza Energy". Owned Global Status of BECCS Projects 2010,
in Kansas by Conestoga Energy Partners. Operated p. 29
by PetroSantander Inc. http://www.globalccsinstitute.com/publica
tions/global-status-beccs-
projects-2010/online/27066
N-America USA 1,000 - 5,000 t of 2012 BECCS See Biorecro Biorecro & Energy and Environmental http://www.globalccsinstitute.com/publications/global-status
CO2/year website for their Research Centre (at University of North
partners. Dakota): Gasification capture, injection
into saline formation. Biorecro a leading
firm in development of BECCS
technologies.

N-America USA Ethanol storage in 2011 - 2015
Illinois; 3,6M t in
total, peak rate 1
M t/year, depth of
2,000 m
BECCS Midwest Geologic To test CO2 storage from Ethanol Global Status of BECCS Projects 2010,
Sequestration production. Large scale CO2 injection into p. 30
Consortium Mount Simon sandstone formation. http://www.globalccsinstitute.com/publica
(MGSC); USDE Involving 40 academic, industry and tions/global-status-beccs-
( Regional Carbon NGO partners. The project will not projects-2010/online/27066
Sequestration involve Enhanced Oil Recovery.
Partnership
program) and "cost
sharing portion by
industry partners"

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N-America USA Various 2012 Biochar Private companies: Agri-Tech Producers, http://www.biochar-international.org/IBI-
producers of Ambient Energy, LLC , Arizona Public business-members;
biochar or Service Company, Avello Bioenergy, http://terrapreta.bioenergylists.org/compa
biochar-making Biochar products, Biochar Solutions, Biz ny
technology solutions, Brooks Pierce, Burdekin
Bowen Integrated Floodplain
Management Advisory Committee Inc.
(BBIFMAC), Carbon Brokers
International, Carbon Char.com, Carbon
Resources, CoolPlanetBioFuels,
Encendia Biochar , Eprida, GEK (BEK)
Gasifier - All Power Labs, Genesis
Industries, HM3, ICM, New Earth
Renewable Energy, New England
Biochar, Pyrolyzer LLC, Soil Reef , Three
Dimensional Timberlands (3DT), Waste
to Energy Solutions.

N-America USA 1st pilot plant on Plant should Biochar Private company "Three Dimensional http://www.biochar-
the forested coast be running Timberlands (3DT)": they will construct a international.org/three_dimensional_timb
of southwest end of 2012 three-ton-per-hour fast pyrolysis unit erlands
Oregon using forest waste.

N-America USA Several 2011 Biochar USDA Research Cornell, University of Iowa: "Currently we http://www.usda.gov/oce/climate_change
experimental sites priority: Quantify conduct experiments in the U.S. and /techguide/Denef_et_al_2011_Review_of
impact of biochar Kenya, and through collaborators in _reviews_v1.0.pdf; See
amendments on C China and Paraguay. We have largely http://www.usda.gov/oce/climate_change
sequestration and completed our work in Colombia, Brazil, /techguide/Denef_et_al_2011_Review_of
GHG emissions at and Zambia." _reviews_v1.0.pdf p. 43;
larger scale and http://www.css.cornell.edu/faculty/lehman
evaluate interaction n/research/index.html
with environmental
conditions.

N-America USA Production of Since 2010 Biochar In cooperation with Private company "Mr. Miedema" Biochar http://www.biochar-
Biochar Oregon State Uni production: 100 pounds/h --> source for international.org/profiles/Thompson_Tim
USDA and Oregon State University to ber
carry out experiments. Mr. Miedema
plans a 1t/h biochar plant.

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N-America USA 16 acres on 2 Since fall Biochar USDA grant, 2009 North Carolina Farm Center for http://www.biochar-
farms in 2009 national Innovation and Sustainability: "Richard international.org/profiles/northcarolinafar
southeastern Conservation Perritt, the Farm Center's director, mcenter
North Carolina. Innovation Grant believes that acceptance of biochar as a
(CIG) mainstream agronomic practice will be
most encouraged by showing
improvement in soils and persuading
farmers to engage in efforts to combat
climate change by sequestering carbon."

N-America USA Biochar by one Since Biochar Grants and low- Private agricultural holding " Westside http://www.biochar-international.org/Frye/
large-scale 2007/08 interest loans from Energies": Burning chicken litter (800.000 Poultry
poultry producer several West chicken), producing about 30t of biochar
Virginia state and saving about 4,000 gallons of
agencies such as propane.
the West Virginia
Department of
Agriculture

N-America USA Research Ongoing in Biochar University of Georgia: Research includes http://www.biorefinery.uga.edu/carbon
projects: field -, 2012 "Nutrient and carbon cycling aspects of %20cycl%20apps%20main.html;
lab- and (since ?) biochar use". http://www.biorefinery.uga.edu/docs/Stein
greenhouse er%20FPPC2009%2009_10_09.pdf
experiments

N-America USA Research Since 2011 or Biochar 3-year, $500,000 "A national panel led by Iowa State http://www.biorenew.iastate.edu/research
initiative with 33 2012 grant from the University engineers is launching an /icne/; http://www.news.iastate.edu/news/
members College of effort to research and develop 2011/nov/carbonnegativepanel,
Engineering technologies that capture, use and http://www.cset.iastate.edu/research/curr
sequester carbon while enhancing food ent-research/biochar/
production, ecosystems, economic
development and national security."
Participants represented universities,
companies, federal agencies and non-
governmental agencies, including the
Massachusetts Institute of Technology,
ConocoPhillips, the National Renewable
Energy Laboratory and the International
Biochar Initiative.

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N-America USA Research project 2011 - 2016 Biochar "Dr. East (Washington & Jefferson http://www.rodaleinstitute.org/20090605/b
including field College) is leading a collaborative iochar,
trials research effort between Washington & http://www.rodaleinstitute.org/20110802_
Jefferson College and the Rodale whats-the-big-deal-with-biochar
Institute to quantify the effects of biochar
on soil biology/fertility and crop yields on
the Rodale Institutes Kutztown farm. The
first crop harvest is expected to occur in
October and well be reporting our initial
observations this fall/winter."

N-America USA Research Since 2008 Biochar Colorado Flux farm. Project goal: "Developing http://www.fluxfarm.com/current-
projects in the Department of biochar best management practices for research.html
Intermountain Agriculture's the Intermountain West", relevant to
West Advancing renewable energy and carbon
Colorado's sequestration development. In
Renewable Energy - collaboration with project partner:
ACRE: in the Colorado Department of Agriculture,
framework of a Colorado State University, BEST
program to develop Energies, Dynamotive Energy
biochar application Corporation, Aspen Valley Land Trust,
techniques suitable Flying Dog Ranch, and The Community
for pastureland. Office of Resource Efficiency.

N-America USA 680,000 t/year of Since 2010
CO2 are captured
at Koch N's Enid
fertilizer plant
CCS Koch N Company. Project name: Enid Global CCS Institute,
Fertilizer. Location: Northern Oklahoma. http://www.globalccsinstitute.com/project
CO2 is produced and captured at the s/12561
plant during the fertilizer manufacturing
process and then transported for use in
Enhanced Oil Recovery. Supply of CO2
to the oil fields is being undertaken by
Chaparral Energy and other off-take
parties.

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N-America USA Around 7 M t/year Since 1986. CCS ExxonMobil, Global CCS Institute. Project name: Global CCS Institute,
of CO2 are ChevronTexaco, Shute Creek Gas Processing Facility. http://www.globalccsinstitute.com/project
recovered in Anadarko Petroleum One of the largest Enhanced Oil s/16606
Shute Creek gas Corporation Recovery projects in the USA. CO2 is
processing recovered from ExxonMobil's Shute
facility. A total of Creek gas processing facility and
~23-25 M t of CO2 transported by pipeline to several oil
has been injected fields in Wyoming for enhanced oil
at the Rangely Oil recovery. The larger volumes of CO2
Field for from the plant are delivered to
enhanced oil ChevronTexaco's Rangely Weber oil field
recovery since (1Mtpa) and Anadarko's Salt Creek oil
1986. field (2.4Mtpa). Facility in Shute Creek
opened in 2004, expanded in 2010; in
2012 5/18 phases are completed;
completion due in 2023.

N-America USA ~ 5M t/year of Since Fall CCS In cooperation with Occidental Petroleum (operator). Name: Global CCS Institute,
CO2 are captured 2010 Sandridge Energy Century Plant. A total CO2 capture http://www.globalccsinstitute.com/project
from the 1st train (gas supplier) capacity of 8.5M t/year expected in 2012. s/16626
of the plant. A Project includes enhanced oil recovery.
total of ~8,5M 2nd train expected to be in operation in
t/year will be 2012.
captured when
the 2nd train
becomes
operational.

N-America USA Biochar research March 2012 Major USDA 32 research projects related to Biochar http://www.ars.usda.gov/research/project
research found, e.g. related to impacts on soil and s.htm (keyword "biochar")
project GHG mitigation

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N-America USA Cloud Whitening 2010 Major Pacific Northwest The PNNL-NOAA research team ran http://www.physorg.com/news/2011-08-
Simulation research National Laboratory model simulations of aerosol injection brightening-clouds-atmospheric-
(Computer Model) project and National using a high-resolution version of the scientists-technique.html; Wang H, PJ
Oceanic and Weather Research and Forecasting Rasch, and G Feingold. 2011.
Atmospheric (WRF) model to investigate how the "Manipulating marine stratocumulus
Administration injected particles are transported through cloud amount and albedo: a process-
the marine boundary layer and how they modeling study of aerosol-cloud-
affect the microphysical processes inside precipitation interactions in response to
clouds. Interactions of aerosols, clouds injection of cloud condensation nuclei."
and rain were studied across several sets Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics
of experiments. Each set combined 11(9):4237-4249. doi:
different meteorological and aerosol 10.5194/acp-11-4237-2011
background conditions observed off the
coast of California. The injection of
seawater particles was simulated in the
model using moving point sources,
closely mimicking the behavior of the
conceptual seawater spraying vessels.

N-America USA No testing 2008 - 2013 Major National Science Evaluation of Suggestions to http://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAw
research Foundation grant to Geoengineer the Climate System Using ard.do?AwardNumber=0730452
project Rutgers University Stratospheric Aerosols and Sun Shading,
for $622275 using Godard Space Model.
(Robock)
N-America USA R&D Since 2006 Major NASA, Carnegie- Unclear what R&D exactly is going on; http://event.arc.nasa.gov/main/home/rep
research Stanford Institute observation of stratospheric aerosols. orts/SolarRadiationCP.pdf;
project Expert workshop on SRM in California in http://www.kiss.caltech.edu/workshops/g
2006. eoengineering2011/presentations/vernier
.pdf
N-America USA No testing Since 2007 Major Bill Gates Fund for A variety of projects, totally US http://keith.seas.harvard.edu/FICER.html
research Innovative Climate $4,600,000 in the following areas:
project and Energy climate related technology and policy
Research analysis; modeling the climate system;
administered by developing technologies for removing
David Keith and Ken CO2 from the atmosphere;
Caldeira researching approaches to reduce
planetary absorption of solar radiation;
and holding international workshops to
discuss governance for climate
intervention technology.

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N-America USA No known testing 2009 - 2010 Major US Global Change According to the GAO, $1,866,000 was http://www.gao.gov/assets/320/310105.p
research Research Program, directly allocated to geoengineering df, pp 19-21
project which includes 13 research (2009 - July 2010), whereas an
US federal additional $200 M was invested in
government research that was relevant to
departments (e.g. geoengineering.
DOE, DOD, USAID,
NASA, EPA, NSF,
SI, USDA, DOI).

N-America USA Research related Ongoing in Major University of The plan would be to launch a http://uanews.org/node/12812;
to Space Mirrors 2012 research Arizona, with MIT constellation of trillions of small free-
in Arizona (no (since ?) project and NASA flying spacecraft a million miles above
known testing) Earth. The spacecraft would form a long,
cylindrical cloud with a diameter about
half that of Earth, and about 10 times
longer. About 10 % of the sunlight
passing through the 60,000-mile length
of the cloud, would be diverted away
from our planet.

N-America USA No known testing, 2011 - 2012 Major KISS: Keck Institute While some papers are available online Very interesting presentation which
California research for Space Studies the KISS won't tell workshop proceedings reviews pertinence of several ongoing
project are confidential - but all participants need research programs see;
to agree to their release! Relates to US http://www.kiss.caltech.edu/workshops/g
Global Change Research Program. eoengineering2011/presentations/worksh
Invitation only workshop to assess op_goals.pdf
geoengineering research needs in order
to advance technical development.

N-America USA Public hearings in 2010 Major US Congressional The US committee advocated more http://science.house.gov/hearing/subcom
Washington research Committee on research and international coordination mittee-energy-and-envFement-hearing-
project Science and of geoengineering research as well as geoengineering;
Technology ongoing collaboration with the UK http://science.house.gov/hearing/full-
committee on such matters. committee-hearing-geoengineering;
http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CHRG-111
hhrg62619/pdf/CHRG-111hhrg62619.pdf

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N-America USA Marine 2008 - 2010 Other Atmocean Atmocean was working on ocean http://www.youtube.com/watch?
manipulation upwelling and downwelling as a v=nidh8WcHs3s&context=C39dfc20ADO
experiments on geoengineering strategy (increasing EgsToPDskIDvab5hr_Nmv8KyX60NDZB
open ocean with plankton growth from mixing water layers
barrels and pipes rich in nutrients with layers poor in
nutrients) until 2010 but seems to have
converted its business into generating
electricity from waves, using a similar
technology.

North America USA Southern Ocean, 2002, Ocean National Science Project name: SOFEX-S (Southern Oceanhttp://www.tos.org/oceanography/issues/i
Fe Experiment - South). Cruise description: http://www.mb
New Zealand, summer fertilization + Foundation, the ssue_archive/issue_pdfs/22_3/22-3_stro
South of AFP, Department of ng.pdf,
patch of 225 km Energy, and the US http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fe_fertilizatio
Coast Guard n;
http://www.whoi.edu/oceanus/viewArticle.
do?id=35609,
http://www.cbd.int/doc/publications/cbd-
ts-45-en.pdf;
http://www.mbari.org/expeditions/SOFeX
2002/history&purpose.htm
North America USA Southern Ocean, 2002 Ocean National Science Project name: SOFEX-N (Southern Oceanhttp://www.tos.org/oceanography/issues/i
Fe Experiment-North). Cruise description: http://www.mba
New Zealand, ,summer fertilization + Foundation, the ssue_archive/issue_pdfs/22_3/22-3_stro
North of AFP, Department of ng.pdf,
patch of 225 km Energy, and the US http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fe_fertilizatio
Coast Guard n;
http://www.whoi.edu/oceanus/viewArticle.
do?id=35609,
http://www.cbd.int/doc/publications/cbd-
ts-45-en.pdf;
http://www.mbari.org/expeditions/SOFeX
2002/history&purpose.htm
N-America USA Between SOFEX 2002 Ocean Private company: Planktos Foundation: http://www.tos.org/oceanography/issues/i
in the Southern fertilization + Dumped Fe containing paint pigments ssue_archive/issue_pdfs/22_3/22-3_stro
Ocean and into the North Central Pacific along a 50 ng.pdf
SERIES in the km transect East of Hawaii (Non - HNLC
Gulf of Alaska waters).

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N-America USA Alaska, Arizona, 1911 - 1914, Increased See Weather See Weather Modification Data for See Weather Modification Data for
California, 1950 - 2012 Precipitation & Modification Data details, please. details, please.
Colorado, Dakota, Reduced for details, please.
Georgia, Idaho, Precipitation
Illinois, Iowa,
Kansas,
Michigan,
Montana, New
Mexico, New
South Wales,
Nevada,
Oklahoma,
Oregon, Texas,
Utah,
Washington,
Wyoming

N-America USA Developing 2010 SRM Armand The Silver Lining Project. Status of http://www.guardian.co.uk/envFement/20
hardware (nozzle) Neukermann, Bill project is following a wave of unwelcome 10/may/14/bill-gates-cloud-whitening-
Gates publicity. dangerous;
http://www.handsoffmotherearth.org/2010
/05/bill-gates-funds-field-trial-global-
coalition-urges-immediate-halt-to-
geoengineering/

N-America USA California, off 2011: July SRM E-PEACE Eastern Pacific Emitted http://aerosols.ucsd.edu/E_PEACE.html
coast of Aerosol Cloud Experiment. Lead
Monterrey Institution: University of California San
Diego (UCSD), CoPIs and Collaborating
Institutions: John H. Seinfeld, California
Institute of Technology (CIT), Bruce
Albrecht, University of Miami (UM), Armin
Sorooshian, University of Arizona (UA),
Center for Interdisciplinary Remotely-
Piloted Aircraft Studies (CIRPAS). Twin
Otter aircraft with a full payload of
instruments to measure particle and
cloud number, mass and composition
distributions.

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N-America USA Biochar Since 2009 Biochar Private company "Biochar Engineering http://www.biochar-international.org/BEC;
production in Corp": Development of smaller scale http://www.biocharengineering.com/
Golden, Colorado modular units to produce Biochar. "BEC's
core mission is to accelerate the creation
of the biochar industry. Fournier believes
that it will take several years of field-scale
agricultural trials before the biochar
market will really take off and reach its
full potential of gigaton-scale carbon
sequestration."

N-America USA 1,3M t of CO2 is Since 1972 CCS Val Verde Natural Gas Plants (formerly Global CCS Institute,
re-used. Sharon Ridge). Location: Texas. CO2 is http://www.globalccsinstitute.com/project
Enhanced oil captured from 5 gas processing facilities. s/16616
recovery. Once captured, dehydrated and
compressed, the CO2 is transported via
the Val Verde and CRC pipelines to the
Sharon Ridge oil field for enhanced oil
recovery. Secondary sinks for the CO2
are the SACROC, Cogdell and Reinecke
floods.

N-America USA (15 64 km patch of 1993, fall Ocean US Office of Naval Project name: IRONEX I; first open http://chemoce.mlml.calstate.edu/past.ht
international near the fertilization + Research and the ocean fertilization experiment; 1 m#Feex1;
research Galapagos US National Science application of 450 kg of Fe. http://www.cbd.int/doc/publications/cbd-
institutions Islands Foundation ts-45-en.pdf (e.g. pages 24+53);
involved, (equatorial Pacific http://www.tos.org/oceanography/issues/i
including 9 HNLC waters - ssue_archive/issue_pdfs/22_3/22-3_stro
US & 2 972 km west of ng.pdf; http://www.etcgroup.org/en/node/
British) Ecuador) 4913

N-America USA, Chile, Bioreactor Since 2006 Algae Asesorias e Parabel (former PetroAlgae): Biocrude http://www.parabel.com/, ETC Group (2011): The New Biom
Suriname demonstration schemes Inversiones from algae for Diesel, Jet Fuel, Gasoline,
facility in Florida, Quilicura (Chile), Bunker Oil.
Chile and EcoFrontier (Korea),
Suriname. Foster Wheeler
(USA)

N-America, S- USA, 100 t of Fe; 2007 Ocean Private company: Planktos plan to dump http://www.etcgroup.org/en/node/637;
America Ecuador Pacific Ocean, fertilization + Fe and then sell carbon offsets was http://www.tos.org/oceanography/issues/i
near Galapagos scuttled by activists from Ecuador. ssue_archive/issue_pdfs/22_3/22-3_stro
Islands ng.pdf

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N-America, USA, Israel Main research Since 2008 Algae Raanan, Endicott TransAlgae Ltd.: Oil from algae. ETC Group (2011): The New Biomassters, page 64; http://w
Asia centre in Ashdod. schemes Biofuels, Israeli Company is based in Texas. Most of the
Electric Company activities related to Algae in Asdod
(Israel). Production of "enhanced algae".

56/115
Europe USA, Peru, Experiment 2008 SRM Department of Major experiment to understand aerosols http://aerosols.ucsd.edu/papers/Wood20
Chile, United involving 5 Atmospheric and clouds that is directly relevant to 11.pdf
Kingdom aircrafts, 2 ships, Sciences, University geoengineering . The VAMOS Ocean-
2 surface sites in of Washington, Cloud-Atmosphere-Land-Study-Regional-
Chile Seattle, USA; Experiment (VOCALS-REx VOCALS-
UCLA, Los Angeles, REx) involved 5 research aircraft, 2 ships
USA; Woods Hole and 2 surface sites in northern Chile.
Oceanographic VOCALS-REx took place during October
Institution, USA; and November 2008, engaging over 150
University of Hawaii, scientists from 40 institutions in 8
Honolulu, USA; nations.
Rosenstiel School of
Marine and
Atmospheric
Science, University
of Miami, USA;
School of Earth,
Atmospheric and
Environmental
Sciences, University
of Manchester, UK;
Brookhaven
National Laboratory,
Upton, USA; NOAA
Earth System
Research
Laboratory, Boulder,
USA; Departamento
de Geosica,
Universidad de
Chile, Chile; Instituto
del Mar del Peru,
Peru; NOAA Pacic
Marine
Environmental
Laboratory, Seattle,
USA; Dept. of
Applied
Environmental
Science (ITM),
Stockholm
University, Sweden;
Scripps Institution of
Oceanography,
University of
California, San
Diego, USA; Oregon
State University,
Corvallis, USA;
North Carolina State
University, Raleigh,
USA; Department of
Meteorology,
University of57/115
Reading, UK;
L'Institut de
Recherche pour le
N-America USA, South Biodiesel plant in Since 1990`s Algae De Beer Fuels Ltd. Green Star Products, Inc: Biodiesel from http://www.greenstarusa.com/; ETC Group (2011): The New
Africa Odessa. 500 acre schemes algae. Plans to establish a 500 acre
Algae farm under algae farm (announced in 2008). 9
construction. months of algae farming (trials) in 2007.
Biodiesel reactors Signed agreement with De Beers Fuel
in South Africa Ltd to build 90 biodiesel reactors in South
Africa.

Europe; N- USA, United Laboratory ? Since 2010 SRM Funded by Bill Cloud whitening: Armand Neukermans, http://giving.stanford.edu/get/file/g2sdoc/
America Kingdom Gates an inventor and investor, is funded to highlights/WI11_Neukermans_P4.pdf;
develop a nozzle in order to spray sea http://www.guardian.co.uk/envFement/20
water into clouds. 10/may/14/bill-gates-cloud-whitening-
dangerous

Asia Uzbekistan >5,000 km, e.g. 1969 - 2003 Reduced Sponsor: See Weather Modification Data for See Weather Modification Data for
Kashkadarya Precipitation Government details, please. details, please.
River, Namangan (Agricultural
District, Fergana department)
Valley

S-America Venezuela Venezuelas 2009 - 2011 Increased Government Project name: La siembra de nubes. http://www.globalpost.com/dispatch/vene
southeastern Precipitation Operator: Hidromet Chile. zuela/100202/rain-cloud-bombing, http://
territories: Huri www.rnv.gov.ve/noticias/index.php?
basin, Rio act=ST&f=14&t=117011:;
Uribante basin, http://www.minamb.gob.ve/index.php?
Andes, Rio Tui option=com_content&task=view&id=2195
basin &Itemid=43,
http://www.hidromet.cl/experiencia.html,
http://www.hidromet.cl/clientes.html

Asia Vietnam Pilot project Since 2011 Biochar $4M grant from the Carried out by Asian Development Bank: http://www.lankabusinessonline.com/indo
Nordic Development Pilot projects in biogas systems, biochar china/fullstory.php?nid=1666004579;
Fund and $600,000 kilns and improved cooking stoves. http://sea-biochar.blogspot.com/2011/07/
from Vietnam, Laos "Promoting more efficient use of biomass adb-agrees-4-mln-grant-to-boost-
and Cambodia can simultaneously address the goals of biomass.html
governments. fighting climate change."

Asia Vietnam 1967 - 1972 Increased US Department of "Operation Popeye" used cloud seeding http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Po
Precipitation State and as a means of warfare during Vietnam peye
Department of war, to drown out transport and crops.
Defense

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Africa Zambia Eastern Zambia, Since 2006 Biochar Cornell; WCS, Scientific trials related to Biochar. http://www.biofuelwatch.org.uk/docs/bioc
300 farmers COMACO har_africa_briefing.pdf
involved
Africa Zimbabwe 390,757 km 1968 - 2003 Increased Sponsor: Project name: NASCO - National Cloud WMO 2003-2004 projects; WMO 1999
target area, with Precipitation Government Seeding Operation); "evaluation carried
Harare in 2003; in interruptions; (meteorological out before project implementation".
1999 countrywide e.g. 70 days services)
from Dec 03 -
March 04

Sub-tropical NE 2004, spring Ocean Project name: FeeP; 1,840 kg of Fe (5 t http://www.cbd.int/doc/publications/cbd-

Atlantic ocean, 2 fertilization + of FeSO4), 20 t of PO4. ts-45-en.pdf;
patches of 25 http://www.tos.org/oceanography/issues/i
km ssue_archive/issue_pdfs/22_3/22-3_stro
ng.pdf
Eastern 2002, spring Ocean Project name: CYCLOPS. Application of http://www.cbd.int/doc/publications/cbd-
Mediterranean, fertilization + PO4. ts-45-en.pdf
patch of 16 km
International USA, France, Research Since 2011 Major ISIS Consortium. It is a research consortium to do in-situ http://groups.google.com/group/climateint
China, consortium with research Full list of ocean fertilization experiments. ervention/msg/448ee85ffb2670b0; http://
Netherlands the intention to project universities www.whoi.edu/ocb-fert/page.do?
carry out ocean participating: pid=38315
fertilization http://isisconsortium.
experiments in org/fileserver.do?
future id=75364&pt=2&p=7
9886

International USA No testing 2010 - 2013? Major Rutgers; Stanford; GeoMIP - Geoengineering Model http://climate.envsci.rutgers.edu/GeoMIP/
research Max Plank; Met Intercomparison Project:GeoMIP serves publications.html;
project Office; Lawrence to organize geoengineering simulations http://climate.envsci.rutgers.edu/GeoMIP/
Livermore; King by prescribing the experiments which all about.html
Abdullah University; participating climate models will perform.
Exeter; LSCE: http://
climate.envsci.rutge
rs.edu/GeoMIP/lead
ers.html

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International West Africa, Implementation Ongoing in Other The global cooling project: Cooling the http://www.theglobalcoolingproject.com/p
Australia, phase 2012 plant by increasing size of clouds, "most roject/project.shtml
India, USA (since ?) promising region is West Africa".
(Florida), and Supported by Peter Cox, Exeter
other University. In cooperation with University
countries of Wales, Centre for Ecology and
Hydrology, People and Water (NGO)

International European Scotia Sea; patch 2009: 39 Ocean Alfred Wegner Project name: LOHAFEX. Application of http://www.etcgroup.org/upload/publicatio
Union of 300 km of the days, spring fertilization + Institute (Germany). 10 t of FeSO4. n/pdf_file/etcspecialreport_rsgeoeng28au
(Germany); SW Atlantic Further sponsors? g09.pdf;
India (with 50 Ocean (between http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fe_fertilizatio
scientists Argentina & n;
from Antarctic http://www.nature.com/news/2009/09010
Germany, Peninsula) 9/full/news.2009.13.html,
India, Italy, http://ksjtracker.mit.edu/2009/01/28/teleg
Spain, Chile, raph-deutsche-welle-times-of-india-off-
France and antarctica-a-team-gets-a-green-light-to-
Britain) grow-algae-to-sop-up-co2-other-
geoengineering-news/;
http://www.cbd.int/doc/publications/cbd-
ts-45-en.pdf;
http://www.tos.org/oceanography/issues/i
ssue_archive/issue_pdfs/22_3/22-3_stro
ng.pdf

International 13 institutions East Equatorial 1995, Ocean Britain, Mexico and Project name: IRONEX II, total of 450 kg http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fe_fertilizatio
Pacific: 72 km summer fertilization + the USA with the of Fe; fertilized serially 3 times during 1 n,
patch majority of week. http://chemoce.mlml.calstate.edu/past.ht
resources provided m#Feex1;
by the US http://www.cbd.int/doc/publications/cbd-
government the ts-45-en.pdf;
National Science http://www.usc.edu/uscnews/stories/2203
Foundation (NSF) .html;
and the US Office of http://www.etcgroup.org/en/node/4913
Naval Research

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International Researchers Sub-Antarctic 2004, fall Ocean Diverse international Project name: SAGE (SOLAS Air-sea http://www.tos.org/oceanography/issues/i
from ~ 20 ocean, 250 km fertilization + sponsors, e.g. "The Gas Experiment). Addition of 2.100 kg of ssue_archive/issue_pdfs/22_3/22-3_stro
organization from New New Zealand Fe (5,4 t FeSO4). ng.pdf,
Zealand, 50 component of this http://www.pices.int/meetings/workshops/
(100?) km test work is sponsored 2005_workshops/SEEDS
area by the Foundation %20II/SEEDS_f.pdf;
for Research, http://www.cbd.int/doc/publications/cbd-
Science and ts-45-en.pdf;
Technology". http://www.niwa.co.nz/oceans/research-
projects/sage; http://www.niwa.co.nz/our-
science/oceans/research-
projects/all/sage/sage

International Australia, Southern Ocean, 1999: Jan - Ocean European Unions Project name: Southern Ocean Iron http://www.tos.org/oceanography/issues/i
Canada, Australian Sector, Mar fertilization + CARUSO (Uptake Release Experiment SOIREE. ssue_archive/issue_pdfs/22_3/22-3_stro
European patch of 50 km (summer) Southern Ocean) Application of 1,740 kg Fe. Original patch ng.pdf,
Union (United project and 2 CO2 of 50 km expanded to 150 km . http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fe_fertilizatio
Kingdom), private companies n; http://tracer.env.uea.ac.uk/soiree/;
New Zealand, (UK & Australia) http://www.cbd.int/doc/publications/cbd-
USA ts-45-en.pdf; http://www.etcgroup.org/en/
node/4913

International Scientists Southern Ocean, 2000, spring Ocean German Ministry of Project name: EisenEX; application of http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fe_fertilizatio
from 15 Atlantic Sector, fertilization + Research and 2,350 kg Fe (4 t of FeSO4). n;
different close to Cape Technology (BMBF), http://www.cbd.int/doc/publications/cbd-
countries Town (South along with the ts-45-en.pdf; http://www.etcgroup.org/en/
Africa), patch of European Union, the node/4913
38,5 km Netherlands and the
UK

International Among the NE Pacific Ocean 2002, Ocean Project name: SERIES (Subarctic http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fe_fertilizatio
countries (Gulf of Alaska), summer fertilization + Ecosystem Response to Fe Enrichment n; Boyd et al., 2004;
involved: patch of 77 km Study); 490 kg of Fe. http://www.cbd.int/doc/publications/cbd-
Canada (4 ts-45-en.pdf; http://www.etcgroup.org/en/
universities), node/4913;
New Zealand, http://www.tos.org/oceanography/issues/i
China and ssue_archive/issue_pdfs/22_3/22-3_stro
Japan. ng.pdf

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 WEATHER MODIFICATION
CO2 = carbon dioxide, FeSO4 = iron sulfate, ha = hectare, M = million (1,000,000), m = meter, m = square meter, mi = square miles, MW = megawatt, N = nitrogen, NO2 = nitrogen
dioxide, NOx = nitrogen oxide , O2 = oxygen, PO4 = phosphate, R&D = research & development, SO2 = sulfure dioxide, t = tonne (1,000 kg)
Geographic Information Description Participants
Continent State Scale Year Type Sponsor Further Information Sources
S-America Antigua 1984 Increased Project name: Antigua Cloud Seeding http://www.nawcinc.com/Wxmod.pdf;
Precipitation Project. Carried out by Weather http://www.weathermodification.com/projects.php?
Modification Inc. With aircraft for cloud id=3
seeding.
S-America Argentina 1991 Increased Tests carried out by Electrification Local http://theblanketeffect.blogspot.com/search/label/N
Precipitation Atmospheric Terrestrial. orth%20American%20Programs
S-America Argentina Province of 1978 - 1993, Reduced Agricultural Against hail. carried out by Russian WMO reports 1993, 1994, 1984
Mendoza, 1,500 e.g. in 1993: Precipitation Industry experts.
- 1,950 km Nov - Dec

S-America Argentina Province of 1998 - 2004; Reduced Government & Against hail. Carried out by Weather WMO report 2002; http://www.weathermodification.com/project
Mendoza; 3,200 between 1999 - Precipitation University Modification Inc. Project name:
km 2003, 60 days / Mendoza hail suppression programme.
year, Oct - Mar With Aircraft for Cloud Seeding &
Atmospheric Assessment and
Evaluation.

S-America Argentina Anquincila, at least since Reduced Private company Bombing clouds to diminish hail. http://urgente24.com/areax/2012/03/rompiendo-tormentas-la-m
Catamarca 2004 Precipitation Carried out by big private fruit
producers. Program provokes drought in
small peasant communities.

Asia Armenia Mountainous 1978 - 1990, Increased probably public WMO reports 1993, 1994
terrain in the summer & Precipitation
Lake Sevan winter
Area, 5,000 km

Asia Armenia 10,000 km; 1964 - 1993, Reduced Government Against hail. Project name: Modification WMO reports 1992, 1993, 1994
Yerevan area every year Precipitation (Agricultural of hydrometeological processes.
department)
Australia/ Australia Feasibility 2008 Increased Queensland Carried out by Weather Modification Inc. http://www.weathermodification.com/projects.php?
Oceania Study, Precipitation Environmental Feasibility study for the augmentation of id=25
Queensland Protection Agency rain & air chemistry monitoring.
Instrumented aircraft & crew for cloud
seeding.

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Australia/ Australia New South 2004 2009: Increased Commonwealth Operator: Snow Hydro Limited. Project http://theblanketeffect.blogspot.com/search/label/A
Oceania Wales Snowy winter Precipitation Government and name: Snowy Precipitation ustralian%20Programs
Mountains Snowy Mountain Enhancement Research Project
Company (SPERP).
Australia/ Australia New South 1955 1960: Increased http://theblanketeffect.blogspot.com/search/label/A
Oceania Wales Snowy winter Precipitation ustralian%20Programs
Mountains.
Australia/ Australia Tasmania, 1992 (and Increased Government Project name: DICSE - Tasmanian Cry- WMO report 1992
Oceania 3,000 km probably Precipitation (energy Ice Cloud Seeding Experiment, Stage
target area; longer); e.g. in department) III.
Central Plateau 1992: May -
Oct, 19 days
Australia/ Australia Tasmanian 1998 - 2003 Increased Government Project name: TASCO - Tasmanian WMO report 2003-2004, 2002
Oceania Central every year; e.g. Precipitation (energy Area Cloud Seeding Operation.
highlands, in 2003: Apr - department) Environmental Impact Study; Cost &
8,233 km Nov, 28 days; in Benefits Study.
2002: 244 days

Australia/ Australia West Australian 1980: May- Oct Increased Government and Project name: Northern Wheat belt WMO report 1980
Oceania wheat belt, Precipitation Private Sector Cloud Study.
Morowa to
Ballidu

Asia Azerbaijan 10,000 km 1967 - 1991, Reduced Government Against hail. Carried out by Kansas WMO report 1992
every year; e.g. Precipitation International Corporation later becoming
105 hours of CloudQuest.
seeding in 1992

S-America Brazil State of Cear 1973 - 1980; Increased Government Project name: Artificial Seeding WMO report 1980
e.g. in 1980: Precipitation Programme of the State of Cear.
175 days
S-America Brazil 400 km target 1971 - 1980; Increased Government WMO report 1980
area; 4030'W; e.g. in 1980: Precipitation
924'S 260 days, Jan -
Jun, Nov - Dec

Africa Burkina Faso 15,000 km 1998 - 1999, Increased Government Project name: SAAGA; carried out by WMO report 1999; http://www.weathermodification.com/project
target area 2001 - 2011? Precipitation Weather Modification Inc.
("present"); e.g.
17 days in 1999

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Asia Cambodia 2005 Increased Government Cambodia has asked Bangkok for http://theblanketeffect.blogspot.com/search/label/A
Precipitation support to carry out cloud seeding (due sian%20Programs
to 14 of its 24 provinces hit by a
drought).
Asia Cambodia 1966/67 1972 Increased US-army ? "The US military admits to "Operation http://www.sunshine-project.org/enmod/chron.html;
Precipitation Popeye", a cloud seeding program in http://globalresearch.ca/articles/GIL401A.html
Cambodia, Laos, North and South
Vietnam. The Pentagon says Popeye
ran from 1966 through 1972. At least
2,600 flights spent over 47,000 units of
cloud-seeding materials."

N-America Canada_Alber 48,000 km 1974 - 1980; Increased Government Project name: Alberta Hail Project. WMO report 1980
ta target area; Red e.g. In 1980: 25 Precipitation
Deer Industrial days, May- Aug
Airport

N-America Canada_Alber 26,000 km; 1996 2003, Reduced Private insurance Against hail. Carried out by Weather http://www.weathermodification.com/projects.php?
ta Lacombe to every year; e.g. Precipitation company Modification Inc. Project name: Alberta id=37;
High River in 2003: Jun- Hail Suppression Project.
("priority given Sep, 27 days; in
to cities of 2002: 43 days
Calgary and
Red Deer")

N-America Canada_BC Campbell River 1954 - 1960: Increased British Columbia Carried out by North American Weather http://www.nawcinc.com/Wxmod.pdf;
Drainage winter Precipitation Hydro Company Consultants, Inc. Enhanced winter http://www.nawcinc.com/NAWC%20Operational
precipitation for hydroelectric %20Programs.pdf, North American Weather
power production. Consultants cloud seeding programs through April
2011
N-America Canada_BC Ocean Falls 1955 - 1957: Increased Crown-Zellerbach Carried out by North American Weather http://www.nawcinc.com/Wxmod.pdf;
winter Precipitation Paper Company Consultants, Inc. Enhanced winter http://www.nawcinc.com/NAWC%20Operational
precipitation for hydroelectric %20Programs.pdf, North American Weather
power production. Consultants cloud seeding programs through April
2011
S-America Chile 1,000 km, 2000 - 2002, Increased Government Project name: Precipitation WMO reports 2002, 2000
Cachapoal every year; e.g. Precipitation (Agriculture) Enhancement Programme Cahapoal
River Basin in 2002: Apr River Basin.
Sep, 16 days; in
2000: 12 days

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S-America Chile 30,000 km 1979 - 1980; Increased Air company Project name: Precipitation Stimulation WMO report 1980
target area; e.g. in 1980: 14 Precipitation Project.
Andean Sector days, May
Sep
S-America Chile 50 km 1990 - 1998 Increased Government and Project name: Programa de WMO report 1998
with Precipitation private sector Estimulacion de Precipitaciones CHI2.
interruptions;
e.g. in 1998:
May Sep: 60
days on
average

Asia China 80 km-radius 2007 Increased 3 planes, spreading silver iodide and http://www.weathermodification.com/projects.php?
area, above Precipitation 2.800 kg of diatomite into the clouds, to id=66
Hohhot, capital avoid rain during Olympic game opening
city of north ceremony
China's Inner
Mongolia
Autonomous
Region

Asia China Hebei Province, 1990 - 2002; Increased Government Project name: Precipitation WMO report 2002
100,000 km e.g. 180 days Precipitation enhancement and research aspect of
from Mar - Oct hail suppression (part I: precipitation).
in 2002
Asia China Hubei Province, 1996 - 1999 Increased Government Project name: The experiment of WMO report 1999
2,500 km every year; e.g. Precipitation (research) precipitation enhancement with rockets.
target area Jun - Sep in
1999
Asia China 10,000 km 1988 1999, Increased Government & Project name: Project of Precipitation WMO report 1999
target area, every year; e.g. Precipitation & Private sector Enhancement and Hail Suppression of
Shaanxi 70 days in 1999 Reduced (agricultural field) Shaanxi Province.
Province (Mar - Jun & Precipitation
Sep - Oct)

Asia China 100,000 km 1992 1999, Increased Government Project name: National Precipitation WMO report 1999
target area, every year; e.g. Precipitation & (Agriculture) Enhancement and Hail Suppression.
Liaoning Apr - Aug in Reduced
1999 Precipitation
Asia China 150,000 km 1999, 160 - 200 Increased Government WMO report 1999
days, from Apr - Precipitation & (Agriculture,
Aug Reduced Weather Services,
Precipitation Research)

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Asia China 150,000 km; all 1967 - 2002, Increased Government Project name: Project of Precipitation WMO reports 1999, 2002
regions of every year; e.g. Precipitation & (Weather Enhancement and Hail Suppression of
Shandong 157 days from Reduced Services) Shandong Province.
province Mar - Oct in Precipitation
1999, 52 days
in 2002

Asia China 6,800 km 1990 - 2003, Increased Government Project name: Precipitation WMO reports 1999, 2003
target area, every year; e.g. Precipitation & (Agriculture) enhancement / Hail suppression.
catchments of 2 Jan - Dec in Reduced
reservoirs in 2002 for Precipitation
Beijing province precipitation &
50 days from
May - Oct for
hail

Asia China Anhui Province; 1958 - 2002 Increased Government Project name: Project of Precipitation WMO report 2002
125,000 km with Precipitation & Enhancement and Hail Suppression.
interruptions; Reduced
e.g. 150 days in Precipitation
2002
Asia China Guangxi 1990 - 1999 Increased Government Project name: Precipitation WMO report 1999
Province, every year; e.g. Precipitation & (Agriculture and enhancement in spring.
150,000 km 40 days in 1999 Reduced Hydrology )
target area for precipitation, Precipitation
30 days for hail
(Mar - Jun &
Sept - Oct)

Asia China Henan 1988 - 2002 Increased Government Project name: Weather modification and WMO reports 1999, 2002
province, every year; e.g. Precipitation & (Agriculture) hail suppression optimal technical
167,000 km 57 days from Reduced research.
target area Mar - Nov in Precipitation
1999, 150 days
from Mar - Oct
in 2002

Asia China Jilin Province, 1958 - 2002 Increased Government Project name: Weather modification WMO reports 1999, 2002
200,000 km every year; e.g. Precipitation & (Agriculture, operation.
target area in 100 days from Reduced Forestry,
1999, 12,000 Apr - Jul in Precipitation Hydrology,
km in 2002 1999, 150 days Weather
from Apr - Sep Services).
in 2002

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Asia China Qinghai 217 days in Increased Government Project name: Precipitation WMO report 2002
Province, 2002: Mar - Precipitation & enhancement over the upper yellow
75,000 km Nov for Reduced river and Eastern Qinghai. Hail
precipitation, Precipitation Suppression in Northern and Eastern
Jun - Sep for Qinghai.
hail

Asia China Target Area 240 days from Increased Government & WMO report 1999
3,500 km May - Oct in Precipitation & private sector
1999 Reduced (both agricultural
Precipitation field)
Asia China Xinjiang 240 days from Increased Government and Project name: Technical research in WMO report 2002
Province, May - Sept, Precipitation & Private Sector precipitation enhancement in Tian Shan
Northern 2001 - 2002. Reduced Mountain area.
Mountain area Some areas all Precipitation
of Urungi year around.

Asia China Yunnan, target 1960 - 1999 Increased Government Project name: Yunnan Weather WMO report 1999
area 10,000 every year; e.g. Precipitation & (Agriculture, Modification.
km 150 days from Reduced Forestry,
May - Oct in Precipitation Hydrology,
1999 Weather Services)

Asia China 1959 - 1999 Increased WMO report 1999

with Precipitation &
interruptions; Reduced
e.g. From Apr - Precipitation
Sept in 1999
Asia China Hebei Province, 1996 - 2002; Reduced Government Against hail. Project name: Precipitation WMO report 2003
100,000 km e.g. 180 days Precipitation enhancement and research aspect of
from Mar - Oct hail suppression (part II: hail).
in 2002
Central Costa Rica 600 km, 1994: Jul Increased Government Project Name: Programa de Siembra de WMO report 1994
America Laguna Arenal Nov, 120 days Precipitation Nubes sobre Embalse Arenal.
Africa Cote d'Ivoire South Coast, 1986 - 1987, Increased University According to the WMO report further WMO report 1987
9,000 km Dec - Apr Precipitation years were planned
Europe Croatia 11,000 km, 1970 - 1994 Increased Government Against hail. Project name: Hail WMO report 1994
Northern every year; e.g. Precipitation Suppression (CR-2).
Croatia in 1994: Jul
Oct, 102 days

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Europe Croatia 24,100 km, 1971 - 2003 Reduced Government Against hail. Project name: Croatian WMO reports 2003-2004, 2002, 2000, 1992, 1993, 1994; http
North Croatia every year; e.g. Precipitation (agricultural Hail Suppression System (CR-1). About
between Sava in 2003: May department) & 530 hail suppression stations.
and Drava Sep, 153 days; private insurance
rivers (11,000 in 2002: 44 company
km mentioned days; in 2000:
in 1992 & 1993) 54 days; in
1992: 13 days

S-America Cuba Implemented in 2005 - 2007, Increased Government Project name: EXPerimento http://www.wmo.int/pages/prog/arep/wwrp/new/doc
Camaguey and 2010 - 2011; Precipitation aleatorizado de siembra de nubes en uments/OBS.Martinez_Cuba.pdf
the adjacent e.g. in 2005: AReas EXtensas, EXPAREX.
provinces of Aug - Oct, 21
Ciego de Avila days; in 2006:
and Las Tunas Sep - Oct; in
2007: Aug -
Oct; in 2010:
Sep Oct

S-America Cuba Eastern Cuba, 2005 - 2011 Increased Government Operator: Hidromet Chile. http://www.hidromet.cl/experiencia.html
mainly Holgun Precipitation
and Santiago
de Cuba

S-America Cuba In Camaguey 1982 - 1990 Increased Government Project name: PCMAT - Proyecto http://www.wmo.int/pages/prog/arep/wwrp/new/doc
province and Precipitation Cubano de Modificacion Artificial del uments/OBS.Martinez_Cuba.pdf;
adjacent Tiempo. http://www.wmo.int/pages/prog/arep/wmp/documen
provinces: ts/Martinez_etal_Cuba_Russia3.pdf
Ciego de Avila,
Las Tunas.
Applications in
a circular area
(150 km)
around the
Camaguey
radar site

S-America DomRep 6,000 km 1984: May - Increased Government Project name: increased stream flow to WMO report 1980
target area Aug Precipitation (Energy) dams.
S-America Ecuador Canton Pujili, at least since Reduced Private company: Cloud bombing to diminish http://www.dailymotion.com/video/xeh7ll_ecuador-
Cotopaxi 2009 Precipitation Nintanga and hail and rain, affecting local danos-socio-ambientales-de_news,
Provefrut communities. http://www.inredh.org/index.php?
option=com_content&view=article&id=260%3Ade
manda-a-brocolera&Itemid=151

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Africa Eritrea 1994, 1995, Increased Eritrean Ministry rain enhancement, cloud bombing http://www.bibliotecapleyades.net/ciencia/ciencia_r
1997, 1998 Precipitation of Agriculture eich07.htm; http://panacea-
bocaf.org/droughtrelief.htm;
http://www.orgonelab.org/ResearchSummary2.htm

Europe European 1,800 km 1985 - 2003 Increased Private sponsor Project name: Hail test project Styria. WMO reports 2003-2004, 2003, 1992
Union, Austria every year; e.g. Precipitation (agricultural field)
in 2003: May -
Aug, 24 days; in
2002: 16 days;
in 1992: 30
days, May -
Aug

Europe European 500 km, Lower 1981 1999, Reduced Private sponsor Against hail. Project name: Hail test WMO reports 1999, 2002, 1992
Union, Austria Austria; Krem every year; e.g. Precipitation (agricultural field) project Lower Austria (HTP-NOE).
District in 1999: Apr -
Sep, 19 days; in
2002: May -
Aug, 11 days; in
1992: 25 days

Europe European 2,000 km, 1990 1993, Increased Government Project name: B-2. WMO reports 1992, 1993, 1994
Union, Southern every year; e.g. Precipitation (Research and
Bulgaria Bulgaria in 1992: 11 Weather Services)
days, May
Sep
Europe European 16,683 km; 1969 - 2003; Reduced Government Against hail. Project name: Bulgarian WMO reports 2003-2004, 1999, 2002, 1992, 1993, 1994 http://
Union, Northern every year until Precipitation (Agricultural Hail suppression project; cost & benefit
Bulgaria Danube Plain 1992; e.g. in department) study.
and Upper 2003: May -
Tracian Sept, 36 days;
Lowland 15,000 in 2002: 48
km in 1993 days, Apr - Sep,
1993: May -
Aug, 17 days

Europe European 60,000 km, 1952 - 2003 Reduced Agricultural Against hail. Environmental impact WMO reports 2003-2004, 1992
Union, France Basin Aquitaine, every year; e.g. Precipitation Association ("sans study and cost & benefits analysis.
Basin in 2003: Apr - but lucrative") Project name: ANELFA - Association
Rhodanien, Oct, 59 days; in Nationale d'Etude et de lutte contre les
Valle de la 1992: 50 days flaux Atmosphriques.
Loire

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Europe European Department 1995 - 2002 Reduced Private Sponsor: Against hail. Project name: Test de lutte WMO report 2002
Union, France Tarn et every year; e.g. Precipitation AEAG antigrle utilisant sels hygros copiques.
Garonne, in 2002: Apr-
Montauban, Sep; average
target area 400 16 days
km

Europe European 1,000 km, 1974 Reduced Government and Against hail. Project name: WMO report 1980
Union, France region of preparation, Precipitation private sector Grossversuch IV.
Lucern 1977 1981 (agriculture,
field operation; insurances)
e.g. in 1980:
120 days, May
to Sep

Europe European Berlin 1999: Reduced Research Against fog. WMO report 1999
Union, November Precipitation (University of
Germany Cottbus)
Europe European Mountainous to 1975 2003, Reduced County Against hail. Project name: WMO reports 2003-2004, 2002, 1992
Union, hilly terrain on every year; e.g. Precipitation Hagelabwehr Hagelforschung
Germany Northern side of in 2003: Apr - Rosenheim.
Alps; 4,400 Sep, 19 days; in
km, 2002: May -
Rosenheim & Sep, 19 days; in
Miesbach 1992: 23 days

Europe European Oberschwaben, 1978 - 1980; Reduced Public and private Against hail. Project name: Hail WMO report 1980
Union, Southern e.g. in 1980: 30 Precipitation sponsors suppression in Oberschwaben.
Germany Germany, days, May
Ravensburg Sep
Europe European Stuttgart area, 1979 - 1998 Reduced Public and Private Against hail. Project name: Hail WMO reports 1998, 1980,1992
Union, 2,500 km with Precipitation sponsors prevention project - Stuttgart area.
Germany interruptions;
e.g. in 1980: 27
days, Apr-Oct;
in 1992: 31
days

Europe European Mornos River 1992 - 1993: Increased Greater Athens Carried out by North American Weather http://www.nawcinc.com/Wxmod.pdf;
Union, Greece Drainage winter Precipitation Water Authority Consultants, Inc. Precipitation for http://www.nawcinc.com/NAWC%20Operational
municipal water %20Programs.pdf, North American Weather
Supplies. Consultants cloud seeding programs through April
2011

70/115
Europe European 5,000 km 1984 - 2003, Reduced Government Against hail. Project name: Greek WMO reports 2003-2004, 2002, 1992; http://www.weathermodi
Union, Greece target area, NW with Precipitation (agricultural National Hail Suppression Program
Greece in 2003; interruptions; sector) (ELGA). EIA and cost & benefit studies
2,350 km in e.g. in 2002: carried out.
2002, May Sep, 24
days; in 1992:
121 days

Europe European 56 km target 1982 2002, Reduced Government Against hail. WMO report 2002
Union, Greece area in 5 every year; e.g. Precipitation (Agriculture)
different Greek in 2002: Apr -
provinces Oct; about 25
days/ year
Europe European 13,000 km 1991 - 2003 Reduced Government & Against hail. Project name: NEFELA WMO reports 2003-2004, 2002, 1992
Union, target area in every year; e.g. Precipitation Private Hail Suppression Association.
Hungary Southern in 2003: May
Hungary, Sep, 40 days; in
Baranya, 2002: 39 days;
Somogy, Tolna in 1992: 35
counties days

Europe European 1,500 km in 1976 - 1980; Reduced Government Against hail. WMO report 1980
Union, Baranya county e.g. In 1980: 36 Precipitation
Hungary days, Apr - Oct

Europe European Mediterranean 1985 - 1995 Increased Government Project name: Italian Rain Enhancement http://theblanketeffect.blogspot.com/search/label/E
Union, Italy area and Precipitation Project. uropean%20Programs
Southern Italy
Europe European Southern Italy since 1985, at Increased Private and public Project name: Progetto Pioggia. http://theblanketeffect.blogspot.com/search/label/E
Union, Italy least until 90s, Precipitation uropean%20Programs
ongoing ?
Europe European Puglia region 1 Nov 2004 - 30 Increased Research project project name: FSPE - Feasibility Study http://theblanketeffect.blogspot.com/search/label/N
Union, Italy Apr 2005 Precipitation for Precipitation Enhancement. orth%20American%20Programs

Europe European 1,200 km 1975 - 1980 (no Reduced Government Against hail. Project name: WMO report 1980
Union, Italy target area; field work in Precipitation Grossversuch IV.
Central 1980)
Switzerland
Europe European 2,000 km 1980: 42 days, Reduced Government Against hail. Project name: Vicenza. WMO report 1980
Union, Italy target area, Jun - Sep Precipitation
Provincia di
Vicenza
Europe European Southern Italy 2001 2003 Reduced Government Against hail. Project name: Climagri. http://theblanketeffect.blogspot.com/search/label/E
Union, Italy Precipitation uropean%20Programs

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Europe European VeniceTrieste 1995 1998 Reduced Public, in Against fog. operator: TECNAGRO. http://theblanketeffect.blogspot.com/search/label/E
Union, Italy Motorway Precipitation cooperation with uropean%20Programs
Slovenian
Government
Europe European District Evora, Feb.04 Increased http://www.terradaily.com/2005/050223182149.f4or
Union, Castelo Branco, Precipitation pp13.html
Portugal Coimbra

Europe European 9,700 km in 1972 1992 Reduced Government Against hail. Project name: Hail WMO reports 1992, 1993, 1996
Union, 1992 & 1996; every year; e.g. Precipitation (Agriculture + suppression system of Slovenia.
Slovenia 3,000 km in in 1992: 20 weather services)
1993, Eastern days; in 1993:
Slovenia or NE 13 days, Jun-
Slovenia Aug; in 1996:
May-Sep, 19
days

Europe European VeniceTrieste 1995 1998 Reduced Public, in Against fog. operator: TECNAGRO. http://theblanketeffect.blogspot.com/search/label/E
Union, Motorway Precipitation cooperation with uropean%20Programs
Slovenia Italian
Government
Europe European Duero River 1976 - 1983 Increased Government Project name: WMO Precipitation http://theblanketeffect.blogspot.com/search/label/E
Union, Spain Basin Precipitation Enhancement Project or PEP. uropean%20Programs
Europe European 10,000 km; 1974 1998, Reduced Government Against hail. Project name: WMO report 1998
Union, Spain Alava, La Rioja with Precipitation (Agriculture) Interprovincial Project on Hail
and Navarra interruptions; Suppression.
Provinces e.g. in 1997: 42
days, May to
Sep

Europe European Various 1970 1999, Reduced Government Against hail. Project name: 1999 Hail WMO report 1999
Union, Spain township in every year; e.g. Precipitation (Agriculture) suppression project in Aragon.
Zaragoza and in 1999: May
Teruel, 2,500 Sep, 49 days
km in 1999; in
2000 350,000
ha in the same
region (Aragon)

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Europe former 69,509 km 1980: "15 - 72 Reduced Government Against hail. Project name: Hail WMO report 1980
Yugoslavia target area: days" Precipitation suppression project.
Slovenia, North
Croatia, SR of
Bosnia &
Herzegovina,
Serbia,
Macedonia

Europe former Serbia, 66,000 1967 - 1994 Reduced Government Against hail. Project name: Hail WMO report 1994
Yugoslavia km every year; e.g. Precipitation (agriculture) suppression in Serbia.
in 1994: Apr
Oct
S-America Guatemala Guatemala, C. 1991, 1992, Increased Empresa Electrica Carried out by North American Weather http://www.nawcinc.com/Wxmod.pdf; http://www.nawcinc.com/N
A.: Chixoy River 1994: summer Precipitation and Instituto Consultants, Inc. For hydroelectric
Drainage Nacional de power production.
Electrificacion

S-America Honduras Project Area: El 1993, 1994, Increased Empresa Nacional Carried out by North American Weather http://www.nawcinc.com/Wxmod.pdf; http://www.nawcinc.com/N
Cajon Drainage 1995, 1997: Precipitation De Energia Consultants, Inc.
Basins summer Electrica

S-America Honduras Agricultural 1948 Reduced United Fruit Seeding thunderclouds with dry ice to http://books.google.ca/books?
area Precipitation Company protect banana plantations. id=h_Mwgj_olHQC&pg=PA224&lpg=PA224&dq=H
onduras+cloud
+seeding&source=bl&ots=-89X4Mw8Bf&sig=Xci70
JUhXXxQECzq2fSs30NynxY&hl=fr&sa=X&ei=Nfpb
T5e3K6Xz0gHE7qGlDw&ved=0CFgQ6AEwBQ#v=
onepage&q=Honduras%20cloud
%20seeding&f=false

Asia India 1,600 km 1973 - 1980, Increased Government Project name: Warm cloud modification WMO reports 1980, 1992; http://www.weathermodification.com
target area in 2003, 2004; Precipitation (1973 - 1980) experiment, Maharashtra State, India.
1980; e.g. 26 days Carried out by Weather Modification Inc.
Maharashtra from Jul - Sep In 2003 2004, under the project name
State in 1980 "Prakalpa Varsha - Maharashtra Rainfall
Enhancement Project". With aircraft for
cloud seeding.

Asia India 2003 - 2004 Increased Carried out by Weather Modification http://www.weathermodification.com/projects.php?
Precipitation Inc.; Project name: Andhra Pradesh id=12
Rainfall Enhancement Project. With
aircraft for cloud seeding

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Asia India 2003 Increased Carried out by Weather Modification Inc. http://www.weathermodification.com/projects.php?
Precipitation Project name: Varuna - Karnataka id=14
Rainfall Enhancement Project.

Asia India Bihar (Eastern 1967 Increased CIA (USA) Project name: Gromet; secret Kristine Harper, "Climate control: United States
India) Precipitation experiment to mitigate drought by cloud weather modification in the cold war and beyond,"
seeding. Endeavour, Volume 32, Issue 1, March 2008,
Pages 2026:
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0
160932708000045;
http://www.jstor.org/discover/10.2307/4129755?
uid=3739448&uid=2129&uid=2&uid=70&uid=3737
720&uid=4&sid=47698844184637;
http://books.google.ca/books?
id=zmdBon09PY0C&pg=PA182&lpg=PA182&dq=1
.+India:+Project+GROMET+(1967),+weather
+modification+(rainmaking)+to+end+Bihar
+famine&source=bl&ots=WEjsCvlUu2&sig=WzSs
DK4slOLyXv3Zal8hEruontc&hl=fr&sa=X&ei=Iw99T
_-cKIGe8gTu-
bDaDA&ved=0CDcQ6AEwAg#v=onepage&q=1.%
20India%3A%20Project%20GROMET
%20(1967)%2C%20weather%20modification
%20(rainmaking)%20to%20end%20Bihar
%20famine&f=false

Asia Indonesia 1,000 km 1979 - 1980; Increased Government Project name: Rainmaking Experiment WMO report 1980
target area; e.g. 21 days in Precipitation (research) Project.
South each
Kalimantan & operational
West Java months in 1980
( May, Jun,
Sep, Dec)

Asia Indonesia Soroako area 15. Apr - 30. Increased Public research Indonesia Feasibility Study http://theblanketeffect.blogspot.com/search/label/N
May 2005 Precipitation project ? orth%20American%20Programs

Asia Indonesia 2005 - 2007 Increased Carried out by Weather Modification Inc. http://www.weathermodification.com/projects.php?
Precipitation Project name: BPPT Weather id=15
Modification Program. Rainfall
enhancement and atmospheric
assessment, and evaluation with aircraft
for cloud seeding.

74/115
Asia Iran Central Iran 1999 - 2002; Increased Ministry of Energy Project name Yazd 2001. WMO report 2002;
Yazd Kerman e.g. 90 days Precipitation http://theblanketeffect.blogspot.com/search/label/M
Esfahan from Jan - Mar iddle%20East%20Programs
Chahamahal; in 2002
300 km radius
Asia Iran Central part 2004 - 2007 Increased Government http://theblanketeffect.blogspot.com/search/label/M
Precipitation iddle%20East%20Programs
Asia Iran Latian & Karaj 1974 - 1978 Increased Ministry of Energy Carried out by a Canadian company. http://theblanketeffect.blogspot.com/search/label/M
dams located Precipitation iddle%20East%20Programs
near Tehran
Asia Iran Yazd region, on 1989 - 1996 Increased Ministry of Energy http://theblanketeffect.blogspot.com/search/label/M
the slopes of Precipitation iddle%20East%20Programs
Shirkuh
Mountains
Asia Iraq 10,000 km 1983 Increased Government Project name: Precipitation WMO report 1980; http://www.wmo.int/pages/prog/
target area; Precipitation (research) Enhancement in Mosul, Iraq. arep/wmp/documents/Cloud%20seeding
Mosul area %20experiments%20in%20Arab%20countries.pdf

Asia Israel 5,000 km 1960 - 1975 Increased Government Name: Israel Enhancement Project WMO reports 1999, 2002, 1980, 1992, 1993, 1994,
target area in experimental, Precipitation (Agriculture, (EMS - Rain Enhancement). 1996
WMO report 1975 - 2002 Hydrology)
1999 & 2002, operational,
16,000 km in e.g. 180 days in
1980; in 1992, 100 days
Northern Israel in 1993, 1994 &
during 1996
operational
phase, in
Central &
Southern Israel
during
experimental
phase

Asia Israel Catchment area 1969 - 1975, Increased Government http://theblanketeffect.blogspot.com/search/label/M

of Lake during each Precipitation (Agriculture, iddle%20East%20Programs
Kinneret rainfall seasons Hydrology)
from Nov - Apr

S-America Jamaica 11,500 km 1989 1991, Increased Governmental Initiated due to drought problems. WMO report 1991
monthly Precipitation project

75/115
S-America Jamaica Heritage and 1976: summer Increased Kingston Water Carried out by North American Weather http://www.nawcinc.com/Wxmod.pdf;
Mona Reservoir Precipitation Commission Consultants, Inc. For municipal water http://www.nawcinc.com/International.pdf;
Areas, Central supplies. http://www.nawcinc.com/NAWC%20Operational
Jamaica %20Programs.pdf, North American Weather
Consultants cloud seeding programs through April
2011

Asia Japan 1 - 10 km, over 1 day in Feb Increased Research Feasibility study. Project name: Study of WMO report 1993
sea near 1993 Precipitation (weather services) precipitation formation in snow clouds
Japanese and feasibility of snow cloud
Island modification by seeding.
Asia Japan 500 km, Nigata 1994 - 2002 Increased Government Project name: Study on feasibility of WMO reports 1999, 2002, 1996
and Gunma every year; e.g. Precipitation (Weather orographic snow cloud modification by
prefectures 30 days in 1993 Services) seeding.

Asia Jordan 14,500 km; 1986 - 1998; Increased Heshamite Project name: PEPG - Jordan WMO reports 1998, 1992;
Marka Airport e.g. 27 days in Precipitation Kingdom of Precipitation Enhancement Program; http://www.weathermodification.com/projects.php?
1992 Jordan carried out by Weather Modification Inc. id=17
With aircraft.
Asia Jordan Bought 2003 Increased Carried out by Weather Modification Inc. http://www.weathermodification.com/projects.php?
equipment (no Precipitation Project name: Arab Automated id=16
data on its use) Systems. Ground-based cloud seeding.

Asia Jordan North and West 1966 - 1999, Increased Government Project name: Jordan Precipitation WMO report 1999; http://www.wmo.int/pages/prog/
Jordan, 23,000 every year; e.g. Precipitation Enhancement Project PEPJ. arep/wmp/documents/Cloud%20seeding
km In 1999 from %20experiments%20in%20Arab%20countries.pdf
Jan - May & Oct
- Dec
Asia Jordan 1987 - 1992 Increased Jordanian Carried out by North American Weather http://www.nawcinc.com/International.pdf
Precipitation Meteorological Consultants, Inc. Research and training
Department
Asia Kazakhstan Around Astana 1998 Reduced Probably Russia Carried out by ROSHYDROMET http://www.wmo.int/pages/prog/arep/wmp/documen
Precipitation (through (Russian Agency of Atmospheric ts/Koloskov_Russia.pdf
ROSHYDROMET) Technology). To improve weather
conditions for the city.
Asia Korea, 1,962 km, Mid- 1995 - 1996; Increased Research Project name: Experimental Research WMO report 1996
Republic of Eastern Korea: e.g. 20 days Precipitation of cloud seeding.
(South Korea) Andong from Jan - Nov
catchment area in 1996

76/115
Asia Korea, 400 km target 2000 - 2002, Increased Government Project name: Development of Weather WMO report 2002
Republic of area, every year; e.g. Precipitation Modification Techniques in Korea.
(South Korea) Kyungnam 2 days in Mar
Province 2001
Asia Korea, Gangneung 13 experiments, Reduced Government http://theblanketeffect.blogspot.com/search/label/A
Republic of Jan - Feb 2006 Precipitation sian%20Programs
(South Korea)

Africa Libya 60,000 km 1980 - 1996, Increased Government Project name: National Cloud Seeding WMO reports 2002, 1993+94, 1996
target area in every year, Precipitation Research Centre
2002; 25,000 in from 1996 -
1993 & 1996, 2002 with
Northern interruptions;
Coastal areas in e.g. Oct - Dec
2002, western 1996, Jan - Mar
coastal areas & Oct - Dec
(Tafara Plain) in 1993
1993 & 1996

Africa Libya Since 1972 Increased http://theblanketeffect.blogspot.com/search/label/M

Precipitation iddle%20East%20Programs
Europe Macedonia 8,000 km 1971 2003, Reduced Government Against hail. Project name: Hail WMO reports 2003-2004, 1999, 2002, 1993, 1994,
target area in every year; e.g. Precipitation suppression project. No evaluation. 1996
2003; in former in 2003: May
years 25,000 Sep, 20 days; in
km 1999: Jun -
Oct; in 1993: 27
days, Apr-Oct,
in 1996: 29
days, Apr - Oct

Africa Madagascar 1,000 km, SW, Dec - Mar 1992 Increased Government Project name: Augmentation of rainfall WMO report 1992
flat terrain Precipitation from convective and frontal clouds

Africa Madagascar 10,000km in 1980 - 1999 Increased Government Project name: Combat drought WMO reports 1999, 1980
1999; 40,000 (interrupted); Precipitation (Weather
km in 1980; e.g. 30 days Jul Services)
Mahafaly and - Aug, Dec -
Androy regions Mar, in 1980

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Asia Malaysia 1997 - 2005, Increased Government Project name: Drought Operation, no WMO reports 2003-2004, 2002;
every year; e.g. Precipitation (Weather evaluation. http://theblanketeffect.blogspot.com/search/label/A
58 days in Services) sian%20Programs
2003, 86 days
in 2002
Asia Malaysia Kedah; 1,139 1977 - 1980; Increased Government Project name: Pedu Muda cloud WMO reports 1980, 1992
km target area e.g. 185 days in Precipitation seeding.
1980 from Mar -
Jul & Sep -
Dec;106 days in
1992

Asia Malaysia Mountainous 1992; 3,5 Increased Government WMO report 1992
terrain, 1,445 months Precipitation
km
Asia Malaysia North Perak, 1979 - 1980; in Increased Government Project name: Tememgor cloud WMO report 1981
3,356 km 1980 328 days, Precipitation seeding.
target area Jan - Dec

Africa Mali 332 flights since 2006 - 2011 Increased Government Carried out by "American Consultants", http://www.journaldumali.com/article.php?
2007, e.g. near Precipitation ($32,5 million from probably Weather Modification Inc. for aid=1601,
the town of 2006 to 2010"); most/all flights. http://waterlawblog.blogspot.com/2010/06/cloud-
Mopti, close to NCAR (National seeding-in-mali-multi-million.html,
Burkina Faso Center for http://www.rap.ucar.edu/projects/westafrica/http://w
Atmospheric ww.weathermodification.com/projects.php?id=18;
Research) http://desertification.wordpress.com/2009/10/15/bio
-precipitation-or-cloud-seeding-for-faking-snow-in-
the-desert-to-boost-rain-irin/;
http://www.hutchnews.com/Localregional/pilotseed
s

Africa Mauritania Over Reported in Increased Cloud seeding http://www.magharebia.com/cocoon/awi/xhtml1/en

Nouakchott, 2009 Precipitation _GB/features/awi/newsbriefs/general/2009/09/23/n
Trarza, Adrar ewsbrief-06,
and http://desertification.wordpress.com/2010/01/13/ma
Nouadhibou uritania-seeds-clouds-to-combat-desertification-
google-magharebia/

Africa Mauritania Desert area Reported for Increased Mauritius Article mentions cloud seeding with http://www.aeronautique.ma/AL-GHAIT-l-avion-qui-
1998 Precipitation Research airplane from Morocco: "En 1998, fait-la-pluie-et-le-beau-temps_a816.html;
Council?? (reports l'avion ALGHAIT a travers les dserts http://www.mrc.org.mu/LProjects.htm#WR
a completed cloud de la mauritanie"
seeding project on
its website)

78/115
Central Mexico 20,000 km in 1971 - 1984 Increased Government With aircraft for cloud seeding. WMO report 1984
America Pueblo with Precipitation
interruptions in
1976, 1983,
e.g. May Oct
in 1984

Central Mexico 20,000 km 1982 1984: Increased Government With aircraft for cloud seeding. WMO report 1984
America target area in May - Oct Precipitation
the State of
Mexico
Central Mexico Insisa, Port of 1970 - 1976: Increased Insisa Carried out by North American Weather http://www.nawcinc.com/Wxmod.pdf;
America Ensenada, winter Precipitation Consultants, Inc. Enhanced winter http://www.nawcinc.com/International.pdf;
Mexico precipitation for municipal water http://www.nawcinc.com/NAWC%20Operational
supplies. %20Programs.pdf, North American Weather
Consultants cloud seeding programs through April
2011

Central Mexico States of 1996 - 1999: Increased Local government Carried out by Weather Modification Inc. http://www.nawcinc.com/Wxmod.pdf;
America Coahuila and summer Precipitation & Altos Hornos de Project names: Program for the http://theblanketeffect.blogspot.com/search/label/A
Durango in the Mxico (steel Augmentation of Rainfall in Coahuila frican%20Programs;
North of Mexico factory) & the (PARC) and the Durango Rainfall http://ams.confex.com/ams/annual2001/techprogra
National Centre Induction Program (DRIP). With aircraft m/paper_18513.htm
for Atmospheric for cloud seeding.
Research in USA
(NCAR).

Europe Moldavia 21,250 km; 1964 2000, Reduced Government Against hail. Project name: Prevention WMO reports 1999, 2000
"60% of the every year; e.g. Precipitation (Agriculture) of Hail Damage.
national in 1999: May -
territory" Aug, 31 days
Asia Mongolia Regions with 1996: May - Increased Government Project Name: Precipitation 3. WMO report 1996
forest fires Sep, 10 days Precipitation (research)
Asia Mongolia 300 km 1990 - 1992: Reduced Government Against hail. Project name: "Hail". WMO report 1992
e.g. 100 days in Precipitation
1992
Asia Mongolia Agricultural 1991 - 1996, Reduced Private sector Against hail. Project name: Hail WMO reports 1996, 1993, 1994
region, 500 km every year; e.g. Precipitation (Agriculture) & suppression 7, Hail 94.
in 1996: May - Government
Sep, 21 days; in
1994: 100 days

79/115
Africa Morocco 14,300km, 1984 - 2003, Increased Government Project name: ALCHAIT. Environmental WMO reports 2003-2004, 2002, 1992, 1993,
High Atlas every year; e.g. Precipitation (Weather Impact Assessment and cost & benefit 1994, 1996;
mountains, 30 days from Services) studies. With Aircraft for Cloud Seeding. http://www.weathermodification.com/projects.php?
central basin of Nov 2002 - Apr id=4
Oum - Rbia 2003, 17 days
basin oued el in 1992
abid (16,400
km in 1993,
1996, 1999)

Africa Morocco Probably in 1980 - 1985, Increased Bureau of Project name: El Ghait. Morocco Air WMO report 1980; http://www.nawcinc.com/NAWC
ALCHAIT area e.g. 8 days Precipitation Reclamation; Traffic Control Training carried out by %20Research.pdf
(see ALCHAIT from Jan - Jun Funding provided North American Weather Consultants,
project) in 1980 through USAID. Inc. Training of Moroccan staff in
controlling cloud seeding aircraft,
training in field and classroom.

Australia/ New Zealand Hawkei Bay, 1995 1996: Reduced Government Against hail. Project name: Small scale WMO report 1996
Oceania 400 km Nov-Feb Precipitation hail cannon.
Asia Oman Feasibility study 2004, summer Increased Oman's Ministry of "Oman's Ministry .... announced that his http://www.asr.ucar.edu/2004/RAP/precipitation-
& cloud seeding Precipitation Regional country is exploring rainmaking enhancement.htm;
in the Dhahirah Municipalities, technology to solve its severe water http://www.source.irc.nl/page/12809;
and Batinah Water Resources shortage. Working with the American http://www.source.irc.nl/page/22957
regions and Environment Institute for Rain Enhancement, Al
(but NO Sulaimani's department plans to try
information seeding clouds with silver iodide
available on their particles this summer"
website:
http://www.omanet
.om/english/comm
erce/econ11.asp?
cat=comm)

Asia Pakistan "A total of 48 Jun 2000 - Mar Increased Pakistan Tests to evaluate the potential for cloud http://www.sciencevision.org.pk/BackIssues/Vol7/V
experiments 2001 Precipitation Meteorological seeding in Pakistan. ol7No3-4/Vol7No3&4_7_Feasibility_Augmenting_A
was Department njumFarooqi.pdf;
conducted", e.g. (PMD) http://theblanketeffect.blogspot.com/search/label/M
in Thar desert, iddle%20East%20Programs
Cholistan,
Khuzdar

Asia Pakistan Baluchistan, 1953 - 1956 Increased http://www.sciencevision.org.pk/BackIssues/Vol7/V

NWFP, Punjab Precipitation ol7No3-4/Vol7No3&4_7_Feasibility_Augmenting_A
njumFarooqi.pdf

80/115
Asia Pakistan In drought-hit 2000: "24 Increased Pakistans http://theblanketeffect.blogspot.com/search/label/M
Thar desert, cloud-seeding Precipitation Meteorological iddle%20East%20Programs
Cholistan, experiments Department
Khuzdar and conducted
other area; 50 during Jul -
km radius Aug"

S-America Panama 2 target areas: 1980 - 1983; Increased Government Project name: Emergency project to WMO report 1980
3,620 km and e.g. in 1980: 61 Precipitation increase rain in the Panama Canal &
3,290 km; days, Jun - Aug region of the Bayano river.
Panama canal,
Bayano river

S-America Peru Upper and 1992 - 1993: Increased Government Project name: Modification Artificial Del WMO reports 1992, 1993
middle flow of 120 days in Precipitation Tiempo.
Mantara River 1992, Jan - Mar
(1992), in 1993
9,000km
(1993)

Asia Philippines In the Visayas 1997 - 2005 Increased Government http://theblanketeffect.blogspot.com/search/label/A

in 1997, later-on (probably Precipitation sian%20Programs
in major farming longer)
areas such as
northern Luzon
and the
Southern Island
of Mindanao.

Asia Philippines Nationwide, 1968 - 1998; Increased Government WMO report 1998
depending on every year; e.g. Precipitation (Agriculture)
requests; 3,166 in 1998: at least
km per 20 days at each
operation site /year;
throughout the
year

S-America Puerto Rico Southern parts Apr - Jul 1965: Increased Government http://journals.ametsoc.org/doi/pdf/10.1175/1520-0
2,557 hours Precipitation 450(1966)005%3C0692%3ACSISPR%3E2.0.CO
from the soil %3B2;
during 47 days, http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1966JApMe...
35 days with 90 5..692H
hours from air.

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S-America Puerto Rico Watershed of 6. Aug 1974 - 5. Increased http://books.google.ca/books/about/The_Puerto_Ri
the Carraizo Sep 1974 Precipitation co_Weather_Modification_Pro.html?
Dam id=UZr7PAAACAAJ&redir_esc=y
Asia Russian Dnepropetrovsk 1978 - 1983; Increased Government Project name: Precipitation WMO report 1980
Federation - in region until 1980: 6 - Precipitation enhancement.
this case (Ukrainian 40 days
Former Soviet territory);
Union Armenian SSR,
St. Petersburg
region,
Kashkadarinska
ya region
(Uzbekistan);
target areas
100 - 5,000 km

Asia Russian Mountainous 1978 - 1990; Increased Government Project name: Yory Project. WMO reports 1993, 1994
Federation - in terrain in Yory Apr - Oct Precipitation
this case River and
Former Soviet Paravany Lake
Union Basins, Two
target areas:
1,000 km (Yory
River Basin)
2,200 km
(Paravany Lake
Basin)

82/115
Asia Russian Several hail 1965 - 1980 Reduced Government Against hail. Project name: Hail WMO report 1980
Federation - in suppression (not in all areas Precipitation Suppression.
this case projects in for the entire
Former Soviet Uzbek SSR, period): Apr -
Union Azerbaijan Oc; 15 - 86
SSR, Crime days
region,
Georgian SSR,
Armenian SSR,
Moldavian SSR,
Odessa region;
Tajik SSR,
North
Caucasus;
target areas
between 1,000 -
19,700 km

Asia Russian Eastern 1978 - 1983; Reduced Government Project name: Suppression of lightning WMO reports 1993, 1994
Federation - in Georgia; Two May - Sep Precipitation from convective and frontal clouds.
this case targets: 7,500
Former Soviet km, 4,500 km
Union
Asia Russian Eastern 1961 - 1990: Reduced Government Against hail. Project name: Suppression WMO reports 1993, 1994
Federation - in Georgia; Two Apr - Oct; Precipitation of hail from convective and frontal
this case target areas: Seeded units: clouds.
Former Soviet 7,500 km, 1.420 days
Union 4,500 km
Asia Russian Southern part of 1986 - 2003, Increased Government Project name: Regulation of WMO report 2003-2004, 1999
Federation/Fo Russia (Region every year; e.g. Precipitation (Agricultural and precipitation Airplane laboratory. EIA
rmer Soviet of Stavropol in 1999: May - Meteorological and cost & benefit analysis.
Union and in Kalmik Oct, 60 days; in Services)
Republic) target 2003: Apr -
area 90,000 Sep, 97 days
km in 2003;
60,000 in 2002

83/115
Asia Russian Northern 1960 - 1999, Reduced Government Against hail. Project name: "Hail WMO reports 1999, 1980
Federation/Fo Caucasus every year; e.g. Precipitation (Agricultural and Suppression". To protect crops.
rmer Soviet in 1999: Apr - Meteorological
Union Sep, 40 days; in Services)
1980: 43 days,
May - Sep

Asia Saudi Arabia 130,000 km 1998, 1999, Increased Government Carried out by Weather Modification Inc. WMO report 1999;
2004, 2006, Precipitation (Weather Project name: Saudi Arabia Rain http://www.weathermodification.com/projects.php?
2007 - 2011: Services) Enhancement Project. With Aircraft for id=18
during winter Cloud Seeding.
Asia Saudi Arabia Abha area 2004: July - Increased Public research Project name: SAREFS - Saudi Arabia http://theblanketeffect.blogspot.com/search/label/N
Aug Precipitation project ? Rainfall Enhancement Feasibility Study. orth%20American%20Programs

Asia Saudi Arabia Siydah area 2006 - 2007: Increased Public research Project name: KPASA - Program for http://theblanketeffect.blogspot.com/search/label/N
Nov - Nov Precipitation project ? assessment of rainfall augmentation. orth%20American%20Programs

Asia Saudi Arabia since 1990 Increased http://theblanketeffect.blogspot.com/search/label/M

Precipitation iddle%20East%20Programs
Africa Senegal 35 interventions after SENREP Increased Government Project name: BAWAAN. Cloud-seeding ftp://ftp.wmo.int/Documents/PublicWeb/arep/Weat
in Linguere and (SENREP was Precipitation ground- and air-based. her_Mod_Bali/SEE
Koungheul carried out until %20stasenko/SEE.Mamina_Camara_Senegal.pdf;
2006) http://www.wmo.int/pages/prog/arep/wwrp/new/doc
uments/OBS.Sarr_Senegal.pdf
Africa Senegal Southern parts 2005 2006, Increased Government Project name: SENREP http://www.wmo.int/pages/prog/arep/wwrp/new/doc
Jun Oct Precipitation uments/OBS.Sarr_Senegal.pdf
Africa Senegal 2011 Increased Ministry of Armed Carried out by Weather Modification Inc. http://www.weathermodification.com/projects.php?
Precipitation Forces, Senegal with aircraft for Cloud Seeding id=5
Europe Serbia and Serbia, 77,134 1967 - 2003 Reduced Private agricultural Against hail. Project name: Hail WMO reports 2003-2004, 1999, 2002, 1996, 1993
Montenegro km target area; every year; e.g. Precipitation sponsor in 2003, suppression system in Serbia.
66,000 km in in 2003: Apr - Government in
1993 & 1996 Oct, 54 days; in 1999, 1993, 1996
1999: Jul-Oct,
80 days; in
2002: 72 days;
in 1993: 39
days

84/115
Asia Singapore 6 spots in a 2006: from Increased Public To trigger rain in forest fire areas. http://theblanketeffect.blogspot.com/search/label/A
wildlife reserve September on Precipitation sian%20Programs
in
Kendawangan,
Ketapang
District, West
Kalimantan
Province in
2006

Asia Singapore Sumatra, 2011 Increased Government Against fires. http://forum.prisonplanet.com/index.php?

Singapore Precipitation topic=217255.0
Africa South Africa 10,000 km 1991 - 1999 Increased Government Project name: South African Rainfall WMO report 1999;
(not every Precipitation (Hydrology, Enhancement Programme (SAREP). http://www.weathermodification.com/projects.php?
year); e.g. Oct Research, With aircraft for cloud-seeding. id=6;
- Dec in 1999 Weather services) http://theblanketeffect.blogspot.com/search/label/A
frican%20Programs;
http://old.weathersa.co.za/Projects/CloudDetail.jsp

Africa South Africa 20,000 km" 1992, Jan - Mar Increased WMO report 1992
& Oct - Dec Precipitation

Africa South Africa 1971 - 80's Increased SA Weather Project name: Bethlehem Precipitation http://old.weathersa.co.za/Projects/BPRPBackgrou
Precipitation & Service (crop Research Project. nd.jsp
Reduced insurance
Precipitation company), Water
Research
Commission

Africa South Africa Nelspruit area 1972 - 80's Reduced Against hail. Carried out by Kansas http://old.weathersa.co.za/Projects/CloudDetail.jsp
Precipitation International Corporation later becoming
CloudQuest.
Europe Switzerland Lugana region Probably Increased Research project AEROTECH SA (involved as http://theblanketeffect.blogspot.com/search/label/N
around 2004-05 Precipitation operator?). Feasibility study. orth%20American%20Programs

Europe Switzerland 1986 Reduced "Some people use hail canons in an WMO report 1986
Precipitation attempt to suppress hail but there is no
control or collection of information
concerning these activities"

85/115
Asia Syria Countrywide, 1991 - 2002, Increased Government Project name: Precipitation WMO reports 1999, 2000, 1993, 1994 http://theblanketeffect.bl
125,000 every year; e.g. Precipitation (agriculture) enhancement project. Partly with
170,000 km - in 1999: Jan - support from Russia.
depending on May, Nov - Apr,
year 50 days; in
2002: 18 days

Asia Taiwan Central and 1992, 1994: Increased Taiwan Central Carried out by North American Weather http://www.nawcinc.com/Wxmod.pdf,
Southern summer Precipitation Weather Bureau Consultants, Inc. For irrigation water http://www.nawcinc.com/NAWC%20Research.pdf;
Taiwan, supplies. http://www.nawcinc.com/NAWC%20Operational
Tsengwen Dam %20Programs.pdf,
Drainage http://www.nawcinc.com/International.pdf

Asia Tajikistan Gissar and 1964 - 2000 Reduced Government Against hail. Project name: Hail in WMO reports 1999, 2000
Vakhsh Valleys every year: Precipitation (Agriculture) Tajikistan.
during
agricultural
growing period

Africa Tanzania Since 1997? Increased Tanzania imported rain-making http://www.weathermodification.com/projects.php?

Precipitation technology from Thailand. With aircraft id=10;
for cloud seeding. http://theblanketeffect.blogspot.com/search/label/A
frican%20Programs
Asia Thailand 5,080 - 12,000 1971 - 1980; Increased Government Project name: Royal Rainmaking WMO report 1980
km target area e.g. In 1980: Precipitation Operational Research & Development
100 - 200 days Project.
in Mar - Oct

Asia Thailand Minister Thira since 2007 Increased Bureau of Royal http://theblanketeffect.blogspot.com/search/label/A
said that the Precipitation Rainmaking and sian%20Programs
Bureau has Agricultural
established 8 Aviation
regional
rainmaking
operations
centers
covering 76
provinces in 25
major water
basins.

86/115
Asia Thailand National scale - since Nov 1955 Increased Government http://jcsepa.mri-
over the (until ?): Feb - Precipitation Cloud seeding jma.go.jp/outreach/20070131/Abstracts/S3_Khanti
important water Oct yanan.pdf
basins and
agricultural
areas of
Thailand

Asia Thailand 1996 1998 Increased Bureau of Royal Carried out by Weather Modification Inc. http://www.weathermodification.com/projects.php?
Precipitation Rainmaking and Cloud seeding with aircraft. id=19;
Agricultural http://theblanketeffect.blogspot.com/search/label/A
Aviation (BRRAA) sian%20Programs
Europe Turkey Istanbul 1990 - 1991, Increased Government, Project Names: Iski Rain Enhancement WMO report 1991;
watersheds 2001 - 2002, Precipitation National Centre of Program (WMO). Later-on Precipitation http://www.weathermodification.com/projects.php?
ongoing ?; Atmospheric Augmentation Program and Research id=27; http://www.just-clouds.com/istanbul.asp
during winter Research (NCAR) on Istanbul Clouds and Aerosols
months (PAPRICA); carried out by Just Clouds

Europe Turkey 1991 1994 Increased Carried out by Weather Modification Inc. http://www.just-clouds.com/istanbul.asp
Precipitation Project name: ISKI Rain Enhancement
Program. With aircraft for cloud
seeding.
Europe Turkey 1993 1995 Increased Petkim Carried out by Weather Modification Inc. http://www.weathermodification.com/projects.php?
Precipitation Petrokimya Project name: Petkim Petrokimya id=28
Holding, A.S. Holding, A.S. Rain Enhancement
Program. With aircraft for cloud
seeding.
Africa Uganda 1999 Increased Government Research project WMO report 1999
Precipitation (Agriculture,
Hydrology,
Weather services)

Europe Ukraine 5,000 km; 1960 1992, Increased Government Project name: Precipitation WMO report 1992
Dnepropetrovsk every year; e.g. Precipitation (Agriculture) Enhancement Dnepropetrovsk district.
district in 1992: 38
days
Europe Ukraine Crimnea 1968 2000, Reduced Government Against hail. Project name: Hail WMO reports 2000, 1992
Peninsula; every year; e.g. Precipitation (Agriculture) Neutralization.
5,010 km in 2000: May-
target area Sep, 6 days

87/115
Europe Ukraine Odessa District; For 13 years Reduced Government Against hail. WMO report 1992
4,000 km until 1992; e.g. Precipitation (weather service)
in 1992: May
Sep
Asia United Arab Abu Dhabi 1982: winter Increased Abu Dhabi Carried out by North American Weather http://www.nawcinc.com/Wxmod.pdf;
Emirates Precipitation Municipality Consultants, Inc. For agricultural water http://www.nawcinc.com/International.pdf;
supplies. http://www.nawcinc.com/NAWC%20Operational
%20Programs.pdf, North American Weather
Consultants cloud seeding programs through April
2011

Asia United Arab Abu Dhabi and 2000 - 2007 Increased Public research UAE Field Project - UAE Rainfall and Air http://theblanketeffect.blogspot.com/search/label/N
Emirates various other and maybe Precipitation project ? Chemistry Project. Feasibility study for orth%20American%20Programs
places longer the potential for rainfall enhancement
via cloud seeding.

Asia United Arab Oman 2001 2002: Increased Government Carried out by Weather Modification Inc. http://www.weathermodification.com/projects.php?
Emirates Mountains, winter and Precipitation Project name: U.A.E. Rainfall id=21,
southeast of Al summer Enhancement and Air Chemistry http://theblanketeffect.blogspot.com/search/label/M
Ain and Studies DWRS. With Aircraft for iddle%20East%20Programs
northward Cloud Seeding.
Asia United Arab 1990 1993 Increased Government Carried out by Weather Modification Inc. http://www.weathermodification.com/projects.php?
Emirates Precipitation Project name: U.A.E. Rain id=20,
Enhancement Program. With aircraft for http://theblanketeffect.blogspot.com/search/label/M
cloud seeding. iddle%20East%20Programs

N-America USA Western USA 1966 1969: Increased Bureau of Carried out by North American Weather http://www.nawcinc.com/NAWC%20Research.pdf
winter Precipitation Reclamation Consultants, Inc. Research on Large
Scale Effects of Cloud Seeding.

N-America USA-Alaska Elmendorf, AFB 1971 - 1980; Reduced Military Against fog. Project name: Cold Fog WMO report 1980
Alaska e.g. In 1979/80: Precipitation dissipation system.
10 days, Nov-
Feb

88/115
N-America USA-Arizona Lower Colorado 60's, 70's, 80's Increased Public project BuRec weather modification program http://ag.arizona.edu/azwater/arroyo/061wthr.html
basin & Precipitation (BuRec) (USA bureau of Reclamation = BuRec)
adjacent basins for arid regions in US, in 17 western
in Arizona & states.
Central Arizona
Project Canal

N-America USA-Arizona Salt and Verde During 1950' Increased Public project Project name: Salt River Project (SRP). http://ag.arizona.edu/azwater/arroyo/061wthr.html
Watersheds; and 60': "a Precipitation
13,000 mi2 series of
watershed ground-based
seeders was
set up"

N-America USA-Arizona Since 1989 Increased Public sponsor: Project name: National Oceanic and http://ag.arizona.edu/azwater/arroyo/061wthr.html
Precipitation AMP- Federal- Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) -
State Cooperative Atmospheric Modification Program.
Atmospheric Cloud seeding & later-on computer
Modification modeling. Sponsoring goes to the
Program. University of Arizona's, Department of
Atmospheric Physics to do the scientific
work for the project.

N-America USA- "From a 1989 1993: Increased California Carried out by North American Weather http://www.nawcinc.com/NAWC%20Research.pdf
California mountaintop" winter Precipitation Department of Consultants, Inc. Sulphur Hexafluoride
Water Resources Tracer Tests.

N-America USA- Catalina Island 1977 - 1978: Increased Southern Carried out by North American Weather http://www.nawcinc.com/Wxmod.pdf;
California winter Precipitation California Edison, Consultants, Inc. Enhanced winter http://www.nawcinc.com/NAWC%20Operational
Co. precipitation for municipal water %20Programs.pdf, North American Weather
supplies. Consultants cloud seeding programs through April
2011
N-America USA- Crane Valley in 1954 - 1959: Increased Pacific Gas and Carried out by North American Weather http://www.nawcinc.com/Wxmod.pdf;
California the Central winter Precipitation Electric Company Consultants, Inc. Enhanced winter http://www.nawcinc.com/NAWC%20Operational
Sierra Nevada precipitation for hydroelectric power %20Programs.pdf, North American Weather
of California production. Consultants cloud seeding programs through April
2011

89/115
N-America USA- Kings River 1989 - 1993; Increased Kings River Carried out by North American Weather http://maps.google.com/maps/ms?
California area; 2,225 mi2 2007-2011: Precipitation Conservation Consultants, Inc. For irrigation and ie=UTF8&hl=en&msa=0&msid=210263860280044
(Upper Kings winter District and Kings hydroelectric power generation. 943005.00047f6342c83772ab091&ll=36.575469,-1
River Drainage River Water Users 06.867725&spn=15.220428,16.763863&source=e
in the Southern Association mbed; http://www.nawcinc.com/NAWC
Sierra Nevada %20Operational%20Programs.pdf, North
of California) American Weather Consultants cloud seeding
programs through April 2011

N-America USA- Lake Almanor 1952 - 1960: Increased Pacific Gas and Carried out by North American Weather http://www.nawcinc.com/Wxmod.pdf;
California Drainage, in the winter Precipitation Electric Company Consultants, Inc. For hydroelectric http://www.nawcinc.com/NAWC%20Operational
Northern Sierra power production. %20Programs.pdf, North American Weather
Nevada of Consultants cloud seeding programs through April
California 2011
N-America USA- Lake Spalding 1976 -1977: Increased Pacific Gas and Carried out by North American Weather http://www.nawcinc.com/Wxmod.pdf, North
California Drainage, in the winter Precipitation Electric Company Consultants, Inc. For hydroelectric American Weather Consultants cloud seeding
Northern Sierra power production. programs through April 2011
Nevada of
California

N-America USA- Mokelumne & 1952 - 1960: Increased Pacific Gas and Carried out by North American Weather http://www.nawcinc.com/Wxmod.pdf;
California Stanislaus winter Precipitation Electric Company Consultants, Inc. For hydroelectric http://www.nawcinc.com/NAWC%20Operational
Rivers, in the power production. %20Programs.pdf, North American Weather
Central Sierra Consultants cloud seeding programs through April
Nevada of 2011
California

N-America USA- San Benito 1964 - 1966: Increased San Benito Carried out by North American Weather http://www.nawcinc.com/Wxmod.pdf;
California County winter Precipitation County Consultants, Inc. For irrigation water http://www.nawcinc.com/NAWC%20Operational
supplies. %20Programs.pdf, North American Weather
Consultants cloud seeding programs through April
2011
N-America USA- San Diego 1950 - 1951; Increased San Diego County Carried out by North American Weather http://www.nawcinc.com/Wxmod.pdfM
California County 1956 1957: Precipitation Weather Consultants, Inc. For municipal water http://www.nawcinc.com/NAWC%20Operational
winter Corporation supplies. %20Programs.pdf, North American Weather
Consultants cloud seeding programs through April
2011
N-America USA- San Gabriel 1959 - 1973, Increased Los Angeles Carried out by North American Weather http://www.nawcinc.com/Wxmod.pdf;
California Mountains 1991 - 1993, Precipitation County Flood Consultants, Inc. For municipal and http://www.nawcinc.com/NAWC%20Operational
1997 - 2001; Control District irrigation water supplies. %20Programs.pdf, North American Weather
e.g. from Oct Consultants cloud seeding programs through April
1968 - Sep 2011
1969

90/115
N-America USA- Santa Ana 1956 - 1960: Increased Santa Ana River Carried out by North American Weather http://www.nawcinc.com/Wxmod.pdf;
California River Basin winter Precipitation Weather Consultants, Inc. For municipal water http://www.nawcinc.com/NAWC%20Operational
Corporation supplies. %20Programs.pdf, North American Weather
Consultants cloud seeding programs through April
2011
N-America USA- Santa Barbara 1998 - 2001: Increased Santa Barbara Carried out by Weather Modification Inc. http://www.weathermodification.com/projects.php?
California County winter Precipitation County Water id=31; North American Weather Consultants
Agency Operational cloud seeding programs through April
2011
N-America USA- Santa Barbara 1967 - 1974, Increased Naval Weapons Carried out by North American Weather http://www.nawcinc.com/NAWC%20Research.pdf
California County winter Precipitation Centre at China Consultants, Inc. Design, operation, and
Lake evaluation of a randomized winter
research with groundbased and airborne
cloud seeding methods tested.

N-America USA- Santa Barbara, 1950 - 1953; Increased Santa Barbara Carried out by North American Weather http://maps.google.com/maps/ms?
California 500 mi2 1955; 1956 - Precipitation County and Consultants, Inc. For municipal and ie=UTF8&hl=en&msa=0&msid=210263860280044
1960; 1978; California agricultural water supplies. 943005.00047f6342c83772ab091&ll=36.575469,-1
1982 - 1997; Department of 06.867725&spn=15.220428,16.763863&source=e
2002 - 2007; Water Resources mbed; http://www.nawcinc.com/Wxmod.pdf; http://
2008 - 2011: www.nawcinc.com/NAWC%20Research.pdf
winter

N-America USA- Santa Clara 1992: winter Increased Santa Clara Valley Carried out by North American Weather http://www.nawcinc.com/Wxmod.pdf;
California County Precipitation Water District Consultants, Inc. For municipal and http://www.nawcinc.com/NAWC%20Operational
agricultural water supplies. %20Programs.pdf, North American Weather
Consultants cloud seeding programs through April
2011
N-America USA- Sierra Nevada, 2011 - 2012: Increased no sponsor DRI (Desert Research Institute) Cloud http://www.dri.edu/current-operations/2340-cloud-
California Tahoe & winter Precipitation mentioned (costs Seeding Program. Ground-based and seeding-tahoe-truckee
Truckee Basins covered by DRI?) aircraft.

N-America USA- Stanislaus 2007 - 2011: Increased Carried out by Weather Modification Inc. http://www.weathermodification.com/projects.php?
California winter Precipitation Project name: Stanislaus Weather id=53
Modification Program.
N-America USA- Upper 2008 - 2011: Increased Sacramento Carried out by Weather Modification Inc. http://www.weathermodification.com/projects.php?
California American River; Nov 15 - May Precipitation Municipal Utility Project name: Upper American River id=41; http://maps.google.com/maps/ms?
190 mi2 15 District Cloud Seeding Project. With aircraft for ie=UTF8&hl=en&msa=0&msid=210263860280044
cloud seeding. 943005.00047f6342c83772ab091&ll=36.575469,-1
06.867725&spn=15.220428,16.763863&source=e
mbed

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N-America USA- Upper Feather 1989: winter Increased California Carried out by North American Weather http://www.nawcinc.com/Wxmod.pdf;
California River Drainage Precipitation Department of Consultants, Inc. For municipal and http://www.nawcinc.com/NAWC%20Operational
in the Northern Water Resources irrigation water supplies. %20Programs.pdf
Sierra Nevada

N-America USA- Upper San 1951 - 1987 & Increased Southern Carried out by North American Weather http://www.nawcinc.com/Wxmod.pdf;
California Joaquin River 1990 - 1992: Precipitation California Edison Consultants, Inc. For http://www.nawcinc.com/NAWC%20Operational
Drainage, winter Company hydroelectric power production. %20Programs.pdf; North American Weather
Southern Sierra Consultants cloud seeding programs through April
Nevada of 2011
California

N-America USA- Upper 2007 - 2011: Increased Carried out by Weather Modification Inc. http://www.weathermodification.com/projects.php?
California Tuolumne River winter Precipitation Project name: Upper Tuolumne River id=55
Weather Modification Program. With
aircraft for cloud seeding.
N-America USA- Ventura County 1957 - 1960: Increased Ventura County Carried out by North American Weather http://www.nawcinc.com/Wxmod.pdf;
California winter Precipitation Consultants, Inc. For irrigation and http://www.nawcinc.com/NAWC%20Operational
municipal water supplies. %20Programs.pdf, North American Weather
Consultants cloud seeding programs through April
2011
N-America USA- Walker Basin: 2011 2012: Increased no sponsor Project name: DRI (Desert Research http://www.dri.edu/current-operations/2408-cloud-
California Lyon, Douglas winter Precipitation mentioned (costs Institute) Cloud Seeding Program. seeding-operations-walker-basin;
and Mineral covered by DRI ?) Walker River Basin Cloud Seeding http://www.usbr.gov/newsroom/newsrelease/detail.
counties in Project. Ground based and aircraft. cfm?RecordID=34342
Nevada and in
Mono and
Tuolumne
counties in
California

N-America USA-Colorado Upper Roaring 2011 2012: Increased Colorado Springs Project name: Upper Roaring Fork http://cwcb.state.co.us/water-management/water-
Fork Basin winter Precipitation Utilities Basin Program. projects-programs/Pages/PermitAreas.aspx

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N-America USA-Colorado Western San 2011 - 2012 Increased Colorado Water Project name: Western San Juan http://cwcb.state.co.us/water-management/water-
Juan (and several Precipitation Conservation Mountains Program. projects-programs/Pages/PermitAreas.aspx, http://
Mountains; > years before): Board, South- cwcb.state.co.us/water-management/water-
2,200 mi2 winter western Water projects-
(Eastern and Conservation programs/Documents/WeatherModification/Permit
Western Dist., New Mexico Areas/SanJuanMountainsTargetAreas.pdf;
program) Interstate Stream http://cwcb.state.co.us/water-management/water-
Commission projects-programs/Pages/PermitAreas.aspx
E. San Juan -
SWCD, Pine River
Irrigation Dist.,
Pagosa Area W &
S, San Juan WCD
W. San Juan -
SWCD, Dolores
WCD, Durango
Mtn. Resort,
Animas La Plata
WCD, City of
Durango

N-America USA-Colorado Arapahoe 2011 - 2012: Increased Among others: Carried out by Western Weather http://www.adventure-journal.com/2011/11/let-it-
Basin, winter Precipitation Denver Water Consultants. snow-colorado-cloud-seeding-bets-on-make-it-
Keystone, snow/
Winter Park,
and
Breckenridge
(central
Colorado
mountains)

N-America USA-Colorado Central 2011 - 2012: Increased Denver Water and Project name: Central Colorado Rocky http://cwcb.state.co.us/water-management/water-
Colorado winter Precipitation Winter Park Mountains Program. projects-programs/Pages/PermitAreas.aspx
Rockies

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N-America USA-Colorado Central 2002 - 2003: Increased Denver Water Project name: Denver Water Cloud http://cwcbweblink.state.co.us/weblink/0/doc/10527
Colorado Nov - Apr Precipitation Seeding Program. Operator: Western 1/Page1.aspx?searchid=ec50a821-
Rockies (blue, Water consultants. e00e-47b6-97db-11954927908a;
upper blue, http://www.denverwater.org/docs/assets/971EA1F4
snake, williams -9F8E-1C76-10AB2BDB2FD71046/102809_2a1.p
fork and upper df;
south plate
drainage river
basin), 3,700
km

N-America USA-Colorado Colorado River 1972 - 1976: Increased Bureau of Carried out by North American Weather http://www.nawcinc.com/NAWC%20Research.pdf
Basin; in winter Precipitation Reclamation Consultants, Inc. Program name:
Southwestern Colorado River Basin Pilot Project
Colorado (CRBPP). research project.
N-America USA-Colorado Eastern San 2011 - 2012 Increased Colorado Water Project name: Eastern San Juan http://cwcb.state.co.us/water-management/water-
Juan (and several Precipitation Conservation Mountains Program. projects-programs/Pages/PermitAreas.aspx; http://
Mountains, years before): Board, cwcb.state.co.us/water-management/water-
Pagosa Area winter Southwestern projects-
Water and Water programs/Documents/WeatherModification/Permit
Sanitation Conservation Areas/SanJuanMountainsTargetAreas.pdf;http://cw
District, San Dist., New Mexico cb.state.co.us/water-management/water-projects-
Juan WCD, Interstate Stream programs/Pages/PermitAreas.aspx
Southwestern Commission
WCD, > 2200 E. San Juan -
mi2 SWCD, Pine River
Irrigation Dist.,
Pagosa Area W &
S, San Juan WCD
W. San Juan -
SWCD, Dolores
WCD, Durango
Mtn. Resort,
Animas La Plata
WCD, City of
Durango

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N-America USA-Colorado Grand Mesa 1990 - 1991: Increased Grand Mesa Carried out by North American Weather http://www.nawcinc.com/Wxmod.pdf;
and West Elk winter Precipitation Water Users Consultants, Inc. For irrigation water http://www.nawcinc.com/NAWC%20Operational
Mountains of Association supplies. %20Programs.pdf, North American Weather
Western Consultants cloud seeding programs through April
Colorado 2011

N-America USA-Colorado Grand Mesa 1985 - 1987: Increased Bureau of Carried out by North American Weather http://www.nawcinc.com/NAWC%20Research.pdf
area of winter Precipitation Reclamation; Consultants, Inc. Program name:
Colorado and CRADP (Colorado River
the Mogollon Augmentation...). Atmospheric tracer
Rim Area of studies utilizing sulphur hexafluoride.
Arizona.

N-America USA-Colorado Grand Mesa Since ~ 2002 - Increased Water http://cwcb.state.co.us/water-management/water-

area of 2011: winter Precipitation Enhancement projects-
Colorado; 869 Authority which is programs/Documents/WeatherModification/Permit
mi2 comprised of Areas/GrandMesaTargetAreas.pdf;
Collbran WCD, http://cwcb.state.co.us/water-management/water-
Fruitland Mesa projects-programs/Pages/PermitAreas.aspx
WCD, Crawford
WCD, Grand
Mesa Pool

N-America USA-Colorado Gunnison 2003 - 2011; Increased Dos Rios Water Carried out by North American Weather http://www.nawcinc.com/Wxmod.pdf;
County: Upper e.g. in 2010/11: Precipitation System, Upper Consultants, Inc. Project name: http://www.nawcinc.com/NAWC%20Operational
Gunnison River Nov - Mar Gunnison WCD, Gunnison River Basin Program. For %20Programs.pdf; http://maps.google.com/maps/
WCD, 3,000 mi2 Crest Butte irrigation water supplies. ms?
Mountain Resort, ie=UTF8&hl=en&msa=0&msid=210263860280044
Town of Creste 943005.00047f6342c83772ab091&ll=36.575469,-1
Butte, Scenic 06.867725&spn=15.220428,16.763863&source=e
River Tours, City mbed; http://cwcb.state.co.us/water-management/
of Gunnison, water-projects-
Gunnison County programs/Documents/WeatherModification/Permit
Stock Growers Areas/GunnisonTargetAreas.pdf; North American
Association, Weather Consultants cloud seeding programs
Crested Butte through April 2011;
South Metro http://cwcb.state.co.us/LoansGrants/weather-
District modification-grants/Pages/main.aspx

N-America USA-Colorado Upper South 1950 - 1951: Increased Among others http://www.denverwater.org/docs/assets/CED6485
Plate River winter Precipitation Denver Water 5-FAB0-1D82-
B3D48E3786B65967/DroughtResponsePlanAppen
dices.pdf

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N-America USA-Colorado Upper South 1981 - 1982: Increased Among others http://www.denverwater.org/docs/assets/CED6485
Plate River winter Precipitation Denver Water 5-FAB0-1D82-
B3D48E3786B65967/DroughtResponsePlanAppen
dices.pdf
N-America USA-Colorado Vail Ski Resort 1977 - 2005: Increased Sponsor: http://www.denverwater.org/docs/assets/CED6485
winter Precipitation Washington 5-FAB0-1D82-
Water and Power B3D48E3786B65967/DroughtResponsePlanAppen
Company dices.pdf
N-America USA-Colorado Vail, Beaver 2010 - 2011: Increased Denver Water and Project name: Vail/Beaver Creek http://cwcb.state.co.us/water-management/water-
Creek and winter Precipitation Colorado Springs Program projects-programs/Pages/PermitAreas.aspx; http://
Upper Arkansas Utilities cwcb.state.co.us/water-management/water-
(Three Summit projects-
County ski programs/Documents/WeatherModification/Permit
areas); 272 mi2 Areas/VailUpperArkTargetAreas.pdf;
http://www.denverwater.org/docs/assets/CED6485
5-FAB0-1D82-
B3D48E3786B65967/DroughtResponsePlanAppen
dices.pdf;
http://summitcountyvoice.com/2010/11/30/cloud-
seeding-under-way-for-3-summit-county-ski-areas/;
http://www.scribd.com/doc/44369192/Colorado-
Cloud-seeding-Map

N-America USA-Colorado Willow Creek 1992 - 1995: Increased Northern Colorado Carried out by North American Weather http://www.nawcinc.com/Wxmod.pdf;
Drainage winter Precipitation Water Consultants, Inc. For irrigation water http://www.nawcinc.com/NAWC%20Operational
Conservancy supplies. %20Programs.pdf, North American Weather
District Consultants cloud seeding programs through April
2011
N-America USA-Colorado Winter Park 2009 - 2011: Increased Denver Board of Operator: Western Weather http://www.denverwater.org/docs/assets/971EA1F4
Resort Nov - Jan Precipitation Water, IWPOC Consultants. -9F8E-1C76-10AB2BDB2FD71046/102809_2a1.p
(Intrawest df;
/Winter Park http://www.denverwater.org/docs/assets/CED6485
Operations 5-FAB0-1D82-
Corporation B3D48E3786B65967/DroughtResponsePlanAppen
IWPOC) dices.pdf;
http://cwcb.state.co.us/LoansGrants/weather-
modification-grants/Pages/main.aspx

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N-America USA-Colorado Central 2003 - 2004: Increased State government, Project name: Colorado Weather http://cwcbweblink.state.co.us/weblink/0/doc/10527
Colorado winter, 30 days Precipitation & federal funds Damage Modification Program 1/Page1.aspx?searchid=ec50a821-
Rockies (blue, (Nov - Mar) Reduced (Bureau of (WDMP). Operator: Western Water e00e-47b6-97db-11954927908a;
upper blue, Precipitation Reclamation) consultants --> connected to Dever http://www.denverwater.org/docs/assets/971EA1F4
snake, williams Water Cloud Seeding Program. -9F8E-1C76-10AB2BDB2FD71046/102809_2a1.p
fork and upper df;
south plate http://www.denverwater.org/docs/assets/CED6485
drainage river 5-FAB0-1D82-
basin), 3,700 B3D48E3786B65967/DroughtResponsePlanAppen
km dices.pdf

N-America USA- 2002 2005 Increased Cooperative state/ Project name: Weather Damage http://www.swc.nd.gov/4dlink9/4dcgi/GetSubCateg
Colorado, Precipitation & federal research Modification Program WDMP. oryRecord/Atmospheric
New Mexico, Reduced program %20Resources/Atmospheric%20Research;
Texas, Precipitation conducted through http://ams.confex.com/ams/Annual2005/techprogra
Nevada, Utah, the US Bureau of m/paper_82476.htm;
North Dakota, Reclamation http://agriculturedefensecoalition.org/sites/default/fi
Oklahoma les/pdfs/5P_2008_Weather_Modification_Damage
_Program_U.S._Bureau_of_Reclamation_2008_H
unter.pdf

N-America USA-Dakota North Dakota 1980 1994 Increased Utah Division of Carried out by North American Weather http://www.nawcinc.com/NAWC%20Research.pdf;
Precipitation Water Resources; Consultants, Inc. Project name: NOAA http://www.swc.nd.gov/4dlink9/4dcgi/GetSubCateg
Funding provided Atmospheric Modification Program. oryRecord/Atmospheric
by the National Data collection and analysis: %20Resources/Atmospheric%20Research
Oceanic and determination of the availability of super
Atmospheric cooled liquid water for operational cloud
Administration seeding potential and the transport and
(NOAA). diffusion of seeding material utilizing
sulphur hexafluoride tracer techniques.

N-America USA-Dakota South Dakota 1997 2000 Increased Carried out by Weather Modification Inc. http://www.weathermodification.com/projects.php?
Precipitation Project name: Texas Central High id=56
Plains Rainfall Enhancement Program.

N-America USA-Dakota Western Dakota 1989: winter Increased Carried out by Weather Modification Inc. http://www.weathermodification.com/projects.php?
Precipitation Project name: Western Dakota Water id=64
Development District - Black Hills
Council of Local Government. With
aircraft for cloud seeding.

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N-America USA-Dakota North-western 1975: summer Increased South Dakota Carried out by North American Weather http://www.nawcinc.com/Wxmod.pdf;
South Dakota Precipitation & Weather Control Consultants, Inc. For agricultural crops. http://www.nawcinc.com/NAWC%20Operational
Reduced Commission %20Programs.pdf, North American Weather
Precipitation Consultants cloud seeding programs through April
2011
N-America USA-Dakota over the central 1989: Jun Jul Increased Dakota State Carried out by Weather Modification Inc. http://www.swc.nd.gov/4dlink9/4dcgi/GetContentRe
and western Precipitation & Water Project name: North Dakota cord/PB-309; http://www.swc.nd.gov/4dlink9/4dcgi/
plains of North Reduced Commission; Thunderstorm Project - North Dakota GetSubCategoryRecord/Atmospheric
Dakota Precipitation funded by NOAA Atmospheric Resource Board. %20Resources/Atmospheric%20Research
and the State of
North Dakota
through the
Federal-State
Cooperative
Program in
Atmospheric
Modification
Research (NOAA/
AMP)

N-America USA-Dakota Western North 1961 - 2011: Increased North Dakota Carried out by Weather Modification Inc. http://www.swc.nd.gov/4dlink9/4dcgi/GetContentRe
Dakota: annually Precipitation & State Water and ND Atmospheric Resource Board cord/PB-310, http://www.weathermodification.com/
Counties between Jun 1 - Reduced Commission, (contact: Darin Langerud, see swc's projects.php?id=48;
currently Aug 31 Precipitation North Dakota website for further information on history http://swc.nd.gov/4dlink9/4dcgi/GetSubCategoryRe
participating in Weather and research). Project name: North cord/atmospheric%20resources/ND%20Cloud
the program are Modification Dakota Cloud Modification Project %20Modification%20Project;
Bowman, Board, (NDCMP). Ground-based research was http://swc.nd.gov/4dlink9/4dcgi/GetContentPhoto/P
McKenzie, already carried out in the 1950s B-30/640/480;
Mountrail, http://swc.nd.gov/4dlink9/4dcgi/GetContentPDF/PB
Ward, Williams, -2055/2011%20NDCMP%20Final%20Report.pdf
and part of
Slope; 9,006
mi2 target area
in Project
District 2;
Target Area in
District 1 =
1,419 mi2

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N-America USA-Dakota 2006: Jul - Aug Increased Cooperative Project name: POLCAST - Polarimetric http://www.swc.nd.gov/4dlink9/4dcgi/GetSubCateg
Precipitation & Venture between clod Analysis and Seeding Test. oryRecord/Atmospheric
Reduced NDARB, UND; Research project. %20Resources/Atmospheric%20Research
Precipitation Weather
Modification Inc.,
and Ice crystal
Engineering

N-America USA-Dakota 2008: Jun Jul Increased Cooperative Project name: POLCAST2 - Polarimetric http://www.swc.nd.gov/4dlink9/4dcgi/GetSubCateg
Precipitation & Venture between clod Analysis and Seeding Test 2nd oryRecord/Atmospheric
Reduced NDARB, UND; Phase; research project. %20Resources/Atmospheric%20Research
Precipitation Weather
Modification Inc.,
and Ice crystal
Engineering &
NCAR

N-America USA-Dakota over the central 1993: Jun Jul Reduced Dakota State against hail and hurricane, Project http://www.weathermodification.com/projects.php?
and western Precipitation Water Name: North Dakota Tracer Experiment id=51;
plains of North Commission; (NDTE); designed to examine http://www.swc.nd.gov/4dlink9/4dcgi/GetSubCateg
Dakota funded by NOAA thunderstorm and hailstorm oryRecord/Atmospheric
and the State of characteristics and evolution, with %20Resources/Atmospheric%20Research
North Dakota emphasis on the transport of tracers
through the within the studied storms, and the
Federal-State development of precipitation and hail
Cooperative
Program in
Atmospheric
Modification
Research (NOAA/
AMP), with
supplemental
investigations
funded by the
National Science
Foundation

N-America USA-Dakota 1974, 1975 Reduced State of South Against hail. Carried out by Weather http://www.weathermodification.com/projects.php?
Precipitation Dakota - Modification Inc. id=58
Department of
Natural Resources
Division of
Weather
Modification

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N-America USA- Southern 1985: summer Increased State of Delaware, Carried out by Weather Modification Inc. http://www.weathermodification.com/projects.php?
Delaware Delaware Precipitation Department of and North American Weather id=54; http://www.nawcinc.com/Wxmod.pdf; http://
Agriculture consultants. For agricultural purposes. www.nawcinc.com/NAWC%20Operational
%20Programs.pdf, North American Weather
Consultants cloud seeding programs through April
2011

N-America USA-Georgia Bulloch County, 1977: summer Increased Drought Relief Carried out by North American Weather http://www.nawcinc.com/Wxmod.pdf;
Eastern Precipitation Fund; Burke Consultants, Inc. For agricultural water http://www.nawcinc.com/NAWC%20Operational
Georgia County supplies. %20Programs.pdf, North American Weather
Consultants cloud seeding programs through April
2011
N-America USA-Georgia Southern 1977: summer Increased Southern Georgia Carried out by North American Weather http://www.nawcinc.com/Wxmod.pdf;
Georgia Precipitation Rain Gain Consultants, Inc. For agricultural water http://www.nawcinc.com/NAWC%20Operational
supplies. %20Programs.pdf, North American Weather
Consultants cloud seeding programs through April
2011
N-America USA-Idaho Bannock, 1988 - 1989, Increased Bear River RC&D Contractor: North American Weather http://www.nawcinc.com/Wxmod.pdf;
Portneuf and 1992 - 1993: Precipitation and Bannock, consultants. For irrigation water http://www.nawcinc.com/NAWC%20Operational
Bear River winter Bear Lake, supplies. %20Programs.pdf, North American Weather
Mountain Caribou, Consultants cloud seeding programs through April
Ranges of Franklin, and 2011
Southeastern Oneida Counties
Idaho

N-America USA-Idaho Boise River 1992 - 1996, Increased Boise Project Contractor: North American Weather http://www.nawcinc.com/Wxmod.pdf;
Drainage; 3,500 2002 - 2005, Precipitation Board of Control consultants. For irrigation water supplies http://www.nawcinc.com/NAWC%20Operational
mi2 2007 - 2011: and hydroelectric power production. %20Programs.pdf, http://maps.google.com/maps/
winter ms?
ie=UTF8&hl=en&msa=0&msid=210263860280044
943005.00047f6342c83772ab091&ll=36.575469,-1
06.867725&spn=15.220428,16.763863&source=e
mbed; http://wtwma.com/, North American
Weather Consultants cloud seeding programs
through April 2011

N-America USA-Idaho Coeur D'Alene 1950 - 1951; Increased Washington Contractor: North American Weather http://www.nawcinc.com/Wxmod.pdf;
Lake 1952 - 1960; Precipitation Water and Power consultants. For hydroelectric power http://www.nawcinc.com/NAWC%20Operational
Watershed, 1966 - 1971; Company production. %20Programs.pdf, North American Weather
Northern Idaho 1973 - 1974: Consultants cloud seeding programs through April
fall - early 2011
winter

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N-America USA-Idaho Owyhee 1954 - 1956; Increased Board of Control - Carried out by North American Weather http://www.nawcinc.com/Wxmod.pdf;
Reservoir, 1959 - 1962: Precipitation Owyhee Project Consultants, Inc. For irrigation water http://www.nawcinc.com/NAWC%20Operational
South-western winter supplies. %20Programs.pdf, North American Weather
Idaho Consultants cloud seeding programs through April
2011
N-America USA-Idaho Snake River 2007 - 2011: Increased High Country Operator: Clark Country & Let it snow http://www.hcountryrcd.org/cloud%20seeding.htm
Basin winter, e.g. Nov Precipitation Resource Inc.
2010 - Apr Conservation and
2011 Development
Council + several
donations (see 1st
source
mentioned)

N-America USA-Idaho South-eastern 1953 - 1955: Increased Salmon River Carried out by North American Weather http://www.nawcinc.com/Wxmod.pdf;
Idaho winter Precipitation Canal Company, Consultants, Inc. For irrigation water http://www.nawcinc.com/NAWC%20Operational
Oakley Canal supplies. %20Programs.pdf, North American Weather
Company, Consultants cloud seeding programs through April
Cedar Mesa 2011
Reservoir and
Canal Company

N-America USA-Idaho Upper Payette 2002 - Present: Increased Idaho Power Carried out by Weather Modification Inc. http://www.weathermodification.com/projects.php?
River Basin; winter Precipitation Company Project name: Upper Payette River id=41; http://maps.google.com/maps/ms?
938 mi2 Basin Cloud Seeding Program. ie=UTF8&hl=en&msa=0&msid=210263860280044
943005.00047f6342c83772ab091&ll=36.575469,-1
06.867725&spn=15.220428,16.763863&source=e
mbed

N-America USA-Illinois St. Louis 1989: summer Increased http://www.isws.illinois.edu/pubdoc/CR/ISWSCR-5

Precipitation 77.pdf;
N-America USA-Illinois The primary Since 1978 until Increased Illinois State Project name: Precipitation http://www.isws.illinois.edu/pubdoc/CR/ISWSCR-6
study area was ? Precipitation Water Survey Augmentation for Crops Experiment 09.pdf
located within a (PACE).
100 mile radius
of Champaign-
Urbana.

N-America USA-Illinois 1977 Increased Carried out by Weather Modification Inc. http://www.weathermodification.com/projects.php?
Precipitation Project name: Illinois Weather id=44
Modification Projects.

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N-America USA-Illinois Since 1989 until Increased Public sponsor: Project name: National Oceanic and http://ag.arizona.edu/azwater/arroyo/061wthr.html
? Precipitation AMP- Federal- Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) -
State Cooperative Atmospheric Modification Program.
Atmospheric
Modification
Program.

N-America USA-Iowa Dallas County 1957: summer Increased Dallas County Contractor: North American Weather http://www.nawcinc.com/Wxmod.pdf;
Precipitation Weather consultants. For agricultural water http://www.nawcinc.com/NAWC%20Operational
Modification supplies. %20Programs.pdf, North American Weather
Group Consultants cloud seeding programs through April
2011
N-America USA-Iowa Decatur and 1957: summer Increased The Decatur Contractor: North American Weather http://www.nawcinc.com/Wxmod.pdf;
Clarke Counties Precipitation County Weather consultants. For agricultural water http://www.nawcinc.com/NAWC%20Operational
Modification supplies. %20Programs.pdf, North American Weather
Association Consultants cloud seeding programs through April
2011
N-America USA-Iowa Greene, Boone 1957: summer Increased Central Iowa Contractor: North American Weather http://www.nawcinc.com/Wxmod.pdf;
and Story Precipitation Modification consultants. For agricultural water http://www.nawcinc.com/NAWC%20Operational
Counties Association supplies. %20Programs.pdf, North American Weather
Consultants cloud seeding programs through April
2011
N-America USA-Kansas 1975 2008 Increased The weather modification program that http://users.pld.com/wkwmp/WKWMPpage.htm
Precipitation & was implemented in 1975 was first
Reduced known as the Muddy Roads Program.
Precipitation Later, it was changed to the present
Western Kansas Weather Modification
Program (WKWMP).

N-America USA-Kansas SW Kansas, 1975 1980; Increased Private agricultural Project name: Muddy Road Project. WMO report 1980;
23,717 km e.g. in 1980: 46 Precipitation & sponsor http://users.pld.com/wkwmp/WKWMPpage.htm
target area days, May Reduced
Aug Precipitation
N-America USA-Kansas 8,125 mi2 in 2008: 35 days, Reduced Western Kansas Against hail. Operator: Western Kansas "A SUMMARY OF WEATHER MODIFICATION
Western Apr - Sep Precipitation GMD #1 GMD #1. ACTIVITIES REPORTED IN 2008" (pdf
Kansas document);
http://users.pld.com/wkwmp/WKWMPpage.htm
N-America USA-Kansas West Kansas, 1999: Apr Reduced West Kansas Against hail. Project name: NOAA WMO report 1999
41,605 km Sep, 68 days Precipitation Ground-Water 99-1016
Management
District I

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N-America USA-Michigan 1977 Increased Carried out by Weather Modification Inc. http://www.weathermodification.com/projects.php?
Precipitation Project name: Gratiot Weather id=42
Modification Project. With Aircraft for
Cloud Seeding.
N-America USA-Montana Hungry Horse 1966 - 1971: Increased Bonneville Power Contractor: North American Weather http://www.nawcinc.com/Wxmod.pdf;
Reservoir Area, winter Precipitation and Light consultants. For hydroelectric power http://www.nawcinc.com/NAWC%20Operational
North-western Company generation. %20Programs.pdf, North American Weather
Montana Consultants cloud seeding programs through April
2011
N-America USA-Montana Rocky 70s: winter Increased Project name: Bridger Range http://www.naiwmc.org/4dcgi/GetContentPDF/PB-8
Mountains Precipitation Experiment (BRE). 96/Research_snowfall_augmentation_NAIWMC2.p
df
N-America USA-Nevada 2,790 km 1999: Jan - Increased Municipality Project name: NOAA / Trackee Tahoe WMO report 1999
Mar, Nov Precipitation Project.
Dec, 18 days
N-America USA-Nevada 8,235 km 1998, 1999; Increased Municipality Project name: NOAA / Carson-Walker WMO report 1999
e.g. in 1999: Precipitation Project.
Jan - Jun, Nov
Dec, 37 days

N-America USA-Nevada Humboldt Basin 2011 2012: Increased no sponsor Project name: DRI (Desert Research http://www.dri.edu/current-operations/2341-cloud-
(NorthEast winter Precipitation mentioned (costs Institute) Cloud Seeding Program. seeding-ruby-mts
Nevada) covered by DRI ?)

N-America USA-Nevada 1961 - 1968: Increased Nevada State Carried out by North American Weather http://www.nawcinc.com/NAWC%20Research.pdf
winter Precipitation Department of Consultants, Inc. Project name: Nevada
Conservation and Atmospheric Research Project.
Natural Resources Operations & evaluation of winter cloud
seeding programs using a randomized
crossover design.

N-America USA-Nevada 1987 - 1988, Increased State of Nevada Carried out by Weather Modification Inc. http://www.weathermodification.com/projects.php?
2002 - 2009: Precipitation Project name: Nevada State Cloud id=50,
winter Seeding Program. With Aircraft for http://www.swc.nd.gov/4dlink9/4dcgi/GetSubCateg
Cloud Seeding. oryRecord/Atmospheric%20Resources/ND
%20Cloud%20Modification%20Project
N-America USA-New Northern Part until 2003 Increased New Mexico http://www.nytimes.com/2003/10/14/science/can-
Mexico Precipitation Interstate Stream rain-be-bought-experts-seed-clouds-and-seek-
Commission answers.html?ref=vailresortsinc&pagewanted=1

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N-America USA-New South-eastern until 2003 Increased New Mexico http://www.nytimes.com/2003/10/14/science/can-
Mexico Part Precipitation Interstate Stream rain-be-bought-experts-seed-clouds-and-seek-
Commission answers.html?ref=vailresortsinc&pagewanted=1

N-America USA-New Snowy 2004 - 2009: Increased Snowy Hydro Project name: Snowy Precipitation http://www.snowyhydro.com.au/levelTwo.asp?
South Wales Mountains; winter Precipitation Limited Enhancement Research Project pageID=85&parentID=6;
target area of ("SPERP"). Undertaken by Snowy http://www.snowyhydro.com.au/LevelThree.asp?
approximately Hydro Limited. pageID=258&parentID=85&grandParentID=6
1,000 km
N-America USA- 178,960 km 1999: Sep Increased "Oklahoma Wea Project name: NOAA 99-1014. WMO report 1999
Oklahoma Dec, 19 days Precipitation Mod"
N-America USA- 3,874 km 1980: 32 days, Increased Private sponsor WMO report 1980
Oklahoma target area; Aug - Oct Precipitation
Cetton and
Tillman
counties
N-America USA- South Central 1997 1980: Increased Private sponsor WMO 1980
Oklahoma Texas county in 133 days, Mar - Precipitation
Oklahoma; 218 Oct
km target area

N-America USA-Oregon Deschutes 1964 - 1965; Increased Portland General Carried out by North American Weather http://www.nawcinc.com/Wxmod.pdf;
River Drainage, 1974 - 1976: Precipitation Electric Company Consultants, Inc. For hydroelectric http://www.nawcinc.com/NAWC%20Operational
Central Oregon winter power production. %20Programs.pdf, North American Weather
Consultants cloud seeding programs through April
2011
N-America USA-Oregon Polk County 1977: summer Increased Polk County Carried out by North American Weather http://www.nawcinc.com/Wxmod.pdf;
Precipitation Technique: Consultants, Inc. For agricultural water http://www.nawcinc.com/NAWC%20Operational
Airborne dry ice supplies. %20Programs.pdf, North American Weather
seeding Consultants cloud seeding programs through April
2011
N-America USA-Oregon Southern 1951 - 1960: Increased California-Oregon Carried out by North American Weather http://www.nawcinc.com/Wxmod.pdf;
Cascades winter Precipitation Power Company Consultants, Inc. For hydroelectric http://www.nawcinc.com/NAWC%20Operational
power production. %20Programs.pdf, North American Weather
Consultants cloud seeding programs through April
2011

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N-America USA-Texas ~4 M acres; in 2000 ongoing Increased North Plains http://www.license.state.tx.us/weather/weatherfaq.h
the North Plains (2011) Precipitation Groundwater tm
Groundwater Conservation
Conservation District
District (NPGWCD)
(NPGWCD)

N-America USA-Texas 17 counties 1997 2002 Increased High Plains Project name: Seeding Operations and http://www.license.state.tx.us/weather/weatherfaq.h
Precipitation Underground Atmospheric Research (SOAR) tm
Water Program.
Conservation
District
(HPUWCD)

N-America USA-Texas 5,1 M acres, 2003 ongoing Increased Trans-Pecos Program Name: Trans-Pecos Weather http://www.pgcd.us/programs/faq_precipitation_en
along and west (2011) Precipitation Weather Modification Association (TPWMA). hancement.php;
of the Pecos Modification http://www.license.state.tx.us/weather/weatherfaq.h
River, in the Association tm; http://maps.google.com/maps/ms?
region between (TPWMA); ie=UTF8&hl=en&msa=0&msid=210263860280044
El Paso and consists of the 943005.00047f6342c83772ab091&ll=36.575469,-1
Midland Ward County 06.867725&spn=15.220428,16.763863&source=e
Irrigation District mbed;
and other political http://www.weathermodification.com/projects.php?
subdivisions within id=59;
Culbertson, http://www.license.state.tx.us/weather/summary.ht
Loving, Reeves, m#tpwma
and Ward
counties

N-America USA-Texas 2,6 M acres; 1971 - 2011; Increased Colorado River Carried out with own equipment. http://water.utah.gov/cloudseeding/history/
West Texas every year: Apr Precipitation Municipal Water
between the - Oct District (CRMWD)
Permian Basin
and the South
Plains, in the
CRMWD
between
Lubbock and
Midland

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N-America USA-Texas 6,6 M acres: 1997 - 2011 Increased STWMA ( South For few years carried out by Weather http://www.weathermodification.com/projects.php?
target area (year-round Precipitation Texas Weather Modification Inc. Project name: Edwards id=43;
extending from applications) Modification Aquifer Authority. Later-on South Texas http://www.license.state.tx.us/weather/summary.ht
the base of the Association) was Weather Modification Association. m#tpwma;
Edwards formed by several http://www.license.state.tx.us/weather/weatherfaq.h
Plateau to near counties south of tm; http://maps.google.com/maps/ms?
the coastal San Antonio; ie=UTF8&hl=en&msa=0&msid=210263860280044
bend area of Edwards Aquifer 943005.00047f6342c83772ab091&ll=36.575469,-1
Texas Authority (EAA) 06.867725&spn=15.220428,16.763863&source=e
contracts with the mbed; http://southtexasweathermodification.com/
STWMA

N-America USA-Texas Below and 1911 1914 Increased By C. W. Post and a team of http://texasweathermodification.com/History.html
along the Precipitation researchers; experiments with
Caprock explosives.
N-America USA-Texas Edwards 1985, 1986: Increased Edwards Carried out by North American Weather http://www.license.state.tx.us/weather/weatherfaq.h
Plateau summer Precipitation Underground Consultants, Inc. For municipal water tm; http://www.nawcinc.com/NAWC
Northwest of Water District, supplies. %20Operational%20Programs.pdf, North
San Antonio San Antonio, American Weather Consultants cloud seeding
Texas programs through April 2011
N-America USA-Texas Near Midland 1981 Increased $2,000 grant by http://texasweathermodification.com/History.html
Precipitation the U.S. Congress

N-America USA-Texas Nearly 4,1 M 2000 - 2011; Increased Panhandle Contractor in the first year, own http://www.license.state.tx.us/weather/summary.ht
acres; all or e.g. in 2011: Precipitation Groundwater equipment since 2001. Project name: m#tpwma;
portions of the 9 Apr - Sep Conservation Panhandle Groundwater Conservation http://www.pgcd.us/programs/faq_precipitation_en
counties District (PGWCD), District Precipitation Enhancement hancement.php;
making up the funded through Program. For groundwater recharge. http://www.license.state.tx.us/weather/weatherfaq.h
Panhandle the district's tm
Groundwater regular budget
Conservation
District

N-America USA-Texas San Angelo, 1985 1989 Increased City of San Angelo Carried out by Weather Modification Inc. http://www.license.state.tx.us/weather/summary.ht
Uvalde, Corpus Precipitation Project name: Texas Weather m#tpwma; http://www.swtrea.org/ ;
Christy, San Modification Program. With aircraft for http://maps.google.com/maps/ms?
Antonio cloud seeding. ie=UTF8&hl=en&msa=0&msid=210263860280044
Reservoir Areas 943005.00047f6342c83772ab091&ll=36.575469,-1
06.867725&spn=15.220428,16.763863&source=e
mbed;
http://www.license.state.tx.us/weather/weatherfaq.h
tm

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N-America USA-Texas South Central 1985: summer Increased City of Corpus Carried out by North American Weather http://maps.google.com/maps/ms?
Texas North of Precipitation Christi, Texas Consultants, Inc. For municipal water ie=UTF8&hl=en&msa=0&msid=210263860280044
Corpus Christi supplies. 943005.00047f6342c83772ab091&ll=36.575469,-1
06.867725&spn=15.220428,16.763863&source=e
mbed;
http://www.license.state.tx.us/weather/summary.ht
m#tpwma;
http://www.license.state.tx.us/weather/weatherfaq.h
tmM http://www.just-
clouds.com/southern_ogallala_operational_summa
ry.asp; http://www.nawcinc.com/NAWC
%20Operational%20Programs.pdf, North
American Weather Consultants cloud seeding
programs through April 2011

N-America USA-Texas 3 counties 1998 - 2011 Increased Texas Border Carried out with own equipment. http://www.license.state.tx.us/weather/weatherfaq.h
along the Rio Precipitation Weather tm
Grande Modification
Association
N-America USA-Texas Up to 3,8 M 2002 - 2011: Increased Sandy Land Carried out by Seeding Operations & http://www.weathermodification.com/projects.php?
acres in Texas: May - Sept Precipitation Underground Atmospheric Research (SOAR). Project id=32;
Sandy Land Water name: Southern Ogallala Weather http://www.license.state.tx.us/weather/weatherfaq.h
Underground Conservation Modification Program. tm
Water District, South
Conservation Plains
District, Terry & Underground
Yoakum Water
counties. In Conservation
New Mexico up District, and the
to 2 M acres Llano Estacado
Underground
Water
Conservation
District

N-America USA-Texas West Central 2001 2003 Increased State of Texas, Carried out by Weather Modification Inc. http://www.weathermodification.com/projects.php?
Texas Precipitation council of Project name: West Central Texas id=52
government Council of Governments Rainfall
Enhancement Program. With Aircraft for
Cloud Seeding.

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N-America USA-Texas West Central 1985 1988: Increased City of San Carried out by North American Weather http://water.utah.gov/cloudseeding/CurrentProjects
Texas near San summer Precipitation Angelo, Texas Consultants, Inc. For municipal water /Default.asp; http://www.nawcinc.com/NAWC
Angelo supplies. %20Operational%20Programs.pdf,
http://maps.google.com/maps/ms?
ie=UTF8&hl=en&msa=0&msid=210263860280044
943005.00047f6342c83772ab091&ll=36.575469,-1
06.867725&spn=15.220428,16.763863&source=e
mbed; http://www.nawcinc.com/Wxmod.pdf, North
American Weather Consultants cloud seeding
programs through April 2011

N-America USA-Texas 2005: "several Increased SOAR ? Project name: SPECTRA II. http://www.just-clouds.com/about_us.asp;
hygroscopic Precipitation Participants: Drs. Woodley and
seeding Rosenfeld together with the SOAR crew.
experiments" Research project.
N-America USA-Texas 6,5 M acres, 1999 - 2011; Increased Southwest Texas Carried out with own equipment. http://maps.google.com/maps/ms?
counties: every year: Mar Precipitation & Rain ie=UTF8&hl=en&msa=0&msid=210263860280044
Zavalla, - Nov Reduced Enhancement 943005.00047f6342c83772ab091&ll=36.575469,-1
Dimmitt, Precipitation Association 06.867725&spn=15.220428,16.763863&source=e
LaSalle, (SWTREA); mbed; http://www.nawcinc.com/Wxmod.pdf
Uvalde, Webb Edwards Aquifer
Authority (EAA)
contracts with the
SWTREA

N-America USA-Texas 5,5 - 6,4 M 1996 - 2011; Increased Water- Company operating the project: West http://www.license.state.tx.us/weather/summary.ht
acres in West every year: Mar Precipitation & conservation Texas Weather Modification Association m#tpwma;
Central Texas Oct Reduced districts finance (WTWMA). http://www.license.state.tx.us/weather/weatherfaq.h
between Precipitation the cost of a tm; http://maps.google.com/maps/ms?
Midland and cloud-seeding ie=UTF8&hl=en&msa=0&msid=210263860280044
San Angelo operation through 943005.00047f6342c83772ab091&ll=36.575469,-1
ad valorem taxes. 06.867725&spn=15.220428,16.763863&source=e
West Texas mbed; http://wtwma.com/;
Weather http://texasweathermodification.com/index.html
Modification
Association
(WTWMA) = the
association
formed by these
districts

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N-America USA-Utah Grouse Creek, 1989 - 1997, Increased Utah Water Contractor: North American Weather http://water.utah.gov/cloudseeding/CurrentProjects
Raft River, 2001 - 2011: Precipitation Resources consultants. For irrigation water /Default.asp; http://maps.google.com/maps/ms?
Wellsville and winter Development supplies. ie=UTF8&hl=en&msa=0&msid=210263860280044
Wasatch Corporation, Utah 943005.00047f6342c83772ab091&ll=36.575469,-1
Mountains of Division of Water 06.867725&spn=15.220428,16.763863&source=e
Northern Utah Resources, and mbed; http://www.nawcinc.com/Wxmod;
Cache and Box http://www.nawcinc.com/NAWC%20Operational
Elder Counties %20Programs.pdf

N-America USA-Utah In 29 different 1973 - 2011: Increased Utah Water Organized by: Utah Division of Water http://water.utah.gov/cloudseeding/CurrentProjects
counties; in 12 winter Precipitation Resources resources. For irrigation water /Default.asp; http://maps.google.com/maps/ms?
of the counties Development Supplies. ie=UTF8&hl=en&msa=0&msid=210263860280044
more than 20 Corporation Utah 943005.00047f6342c83772ab091&ll=36.575469,-1
years of Division of Water 06.867725&spn=15.220428,16.763863&source=e
activities, see: Resources, 13 mbed; http://www.nawcinc.com/Wxmod;
http://water.utah Utah counties http://www.nawcinc.com/NAWC%20Operational
.gov/cloudseedi %20Programs.pdf
ng/history/

N-America USA-Utah Little 1996 2011: Increased Alta and Snowbird Project name: Little Cottonwood http://www.nawcinc.com/Wxmod.pdf;
Cottonwood winter Precipitation Ski Areas Canyon. Contractor: North American http://www.nawcinc.com/NAWC%20Operational
Canyon: Alta Weather Consultants. For skiing. %20Programs.pdf; North American Weather
and Snowbird Consultants cloud seeding programs through April;
Ski areas 2011http://maps.google.com/maps/ms?
ie=UTF8&hl=en&msa=0&msid=210263860280044
943005.00047f6342c83772ab091&ll=36.575469,-1
06.867725&spn=15.220428,16.763863&source=e
mbed

N-America USA-Utah Mountain 1973 - 1983, Increased Utah Water Contractor: North American Weather http://water.utah.gov/cloudseeding/CurrentProjects
Watersheds 1987, 1988 - Precipitation Resources Consultants. Project Name: /Default.asp; http://maps.google.com/maps/ms?
Central/Souther 2011: during Development Central/Southern Project (CSPU). For ie=UTF8&hl=en&msa=0&msid=210263860280044
n Utah, 10,000 winter months; Corporation irrigation water supplies. 943005.00047f6342c83772ab091&ll=36.575469,-1
mi2, 13 Utah 32 seeded 06.867725&spn=15.220428,16.763863&source=e
Counties seasons mbed; http://www.nawcinc.com/utcsprog.pdf; North
American Weather Consultants cloud seeding
programs through April 2011

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N-America USA-Utah Northern Areas: 1989 - 2011, Increased Bear River Water Project Name: East Box Elder/Cache http://www.nawcinc.com/Wxmod.pdf
East Box Elder every year: Precipitation Conservancy County Project.
& Cache winter District and Cache
County; 1,250 County
mi2
N-America USA-Utah Northern Areas: 1989 - 2011: Increased Bear River Water Project Name: West Box Elder County http://www.nawcinc.com/Wxmod.pdf
West Box Elder winter, 17 Precipitation Conservancy Project.
county operating District and Cache
seasons County
N-America USA-Utah Pine Valley 1985 1987: Increased Washington Carried out by North American Weather http://www.nawcinc.com/Wxmod.pdf;
Mountains in winter Precipitation County Water Consultants, Inc. For municipal and http://www.nawcinc.com/NAWC%20Operational
South-western Conservancy irrigation water supplies. %20Programs.pdf,North American Weather
Utah District and Consultants cloud seeding programs through April
Utah Division of 2011
Water Resources

N-America USA-Utah Tooele County 1976 - 2011; Increased Utah Water Contractor: North American Weather http://www.nawcinc.com/Wxmod.pdf;
every year Precipitation Resources Consultants. Project Name: Tooele http://water.utah.gov/cloudseeding/currentprojects/;
Development county Project. http://www.nawcinc.com/utcsprog.pdf
Corporation
N-America USA-Utah Uinta 1975 - 1987, Increased Central Utah, Project name: Uinta Mountains. http://water.utah.gov/cloudseeding/CurrentProjects
Mountains, 2003 - 2009, Precipitation Duchesne County, Contractor: North American Weather /Default.asp; http://www.nawcinc.com/Wxmod.pdf;
1,000 mi2 2011: winter and Uintah Water Consultants. http://www.nawcinc.com/Wxmod.pdfhttp://maps.go
Conservancy ogle.com/maps/ms?
Districts. ie=UTF8&hl=en&msa=0&msid=210263860280044
943005.00047f6342c83772ab091&ll=36.575469,-1
06.867725&spn=15.220428,16.763863&source=e
mbed; http://www.nawcinc.com/Wxmod.pdf

N-America USA-Utah Upper Ogden 1991 - 1993: Increased Weber Basin Contractor: North American Weather http://water.utah.gov/cloudseeding/CurrentProjects
River and Lost winter Precipitation Water consultants. For irrigation water /Default.asp; http://maps.google.com/maps/ms?
Creek Conservancy supplies. ie=UTF8&hl=en&msa=0&msid=210263860280044
Watersheds, District and Utah 943005.00047f6342c83772ab091&ll=36.575469,-1
Division of Water 06.867725&spn=15.220428,16.763863&source=e
Resources mbed; North American Weather Consultants cloud
seeding programs through April 2011

N-America USA-Utah Utah 1981 - 1982 Increased National Science Carried out by North American Weather http://www.nawcinc.com/NAWC%20Research.pdf
Precipitation Foundation, Consultants, Inc. Experimental seeding
University of Utah tests.

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N-America USA-Utah Wasatch 1989 1996: Increased Utah Water Contractor: North American Weather http://water.utah.gov/cloudseeding/CurrentProjects
Mountains in winter Precipitation Resources Consultants. For municipal water /Default.asp; http://maps.google.com/maps/ms?
Eastern Salt Development supplies. ie=UTF8&hl=en&msa=0&msid=210263860280044
Lake County Corporation; Utah 943005.00047f6342c83772ab091&ll=36.575469,-1
Division of Water 06.867725&spn=15.220428,16.763863&source=e
Resources; Salt mbed; http://www.nawcinc.com/NAWC
Lake City Water %20Operational%20Programs.pdf, North
Division; and Alta, American Weather Consultants cloud seeding
Brighton, and programs through April 2011
Snowbird Ski
Areas

N-America USA-Utah Wasatch 1999 2012 Increased Emery Water Project Name: Emery and Sanpete http://water.utah.gov/cloudseeding/CurrentProjects
Plateau above Precipitation Conservancy Project. Using liquid propane. Plans to /Default.asp,
Joes Valley District enlarge the project area. . http://www.emerycounty.com/publiclands/ECGenPl
Reservoir; an/GenPlan10-99.pdf
portions of San
Pitch River
Drainage.
"small-scale
project"

N-America USA-Utah Wellsville and 1997 - 2000, Increased Utah Division of Contractor: North American Weather http://water.utah.gov/cloudseeding/CurrentProjects
Wasatch 2002 - 2011: Precipitation Water Resources, Consultants. Technique: Ground based /Default.asp; http://www.nawcinc.com/NAWC
Mountains of winter and Cache County silver iodide seeding. Project name: %20Operational%20Programs.pdf;
Northern Utah Northern Utah Project NUP. For http://www.nawcinc.com/NAWC%20Operational
irrigation water supplies. %20Programs.pdf;
http://www.nawcinc.com/utcsprog.pdf; North
American Weather Consultants cloud seeding
programs through April 2011

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N-America USA-Utah West Uintas, 1989 - 1995, Increased Utah Water Project name: Western Uintas. http://www.nawcinc.com/Wxmod.pdf;
600 mi2: Provo 2000 - 2011: Precipitation Resources Contractor: North American Weather http://www.nawcinc.com/NAWC%20Operational
and Weber winter Development Consultants. For irrigation water %20Programs.pdf; North American Weather
River Drainages Corporation, supplies. Consultants cloud seeding programs through April;
Utah Division of http://maps.google.com/maps/ms?
Water Resources, ie=UTF8&hl=en&msa=0&msid=210263860280044
Provo River 943005.00047f6342c83772ab091&ll=36.575469,-1
Water Users 06.867725&spn=15.220428,16.763863&source=e
Association and mbed
Weber Basin
Water
Conservancy
District

N-America USA-Utah Uinta Mountains 1977, 1989, Increased Uinta County, Carried out by North American Weather http://www.nawcinc.com/NAWC%20Operational
of North- 2003 2011: Precipitation & Duchesne County Consultants, Inc. For irrigation water %20Programs.pdf, North American Weather
eastern Utah winter, spring, Reduced and Utah Division supplies. Consultants cloud seeding programs through April
summer Precipitation of Water 2011
Resources
N-America USA- Baker River 1976 1977: Increased Puget Power Carried out by North American Weather http://www.nawcinc.com/Wxmod.pdf;
Washington Drainage, winter Precipitation Company Consultants, Inc. http://www.nawcinc.com/NAWC%20Operational
Northern %20Programs.pdf, North American Weather
Washington Consultants cloud seeding programs through April
2011
N-America USA- Chelan Lake 1976 - 1977: Increased Chelan Public Carried out by North American Weather http://www.nawcinc.com/Wxmod.pdf;
Washington Drainage, winter Precipitation Utility District Consultants, Inc. For hydroelectric http://www.nawcinc.com/NAWC%20Operational
Central power production. %20Programs.pdf, North American Weather
Washington Consultants cloud seeding programs through April
2011
N-America USA- Skagit River 1976 - 1977: Increased Seattle City Light Carried out by North American Weather http://www.just-clouds.com/;
Washington Drainage, winter Precipitation Company Consultants, Inc. For hydroelectric http://www.nawcinc.com/NAWC%20Operational
Northern power production. %20Programs.pdf, North American Weather
Washington Consultants cloud seeding programs through April
2011
N-America USA- Spokane, 1979 1980: Reduced Private (transport Against fog. Project name: Airport Fog WMO report 1980
Washington Washington 19 days, Dec - Precipitation company) Dispersal Project.
Feb

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N-America USA- Upper Snake 2007 - 2011: Increased High Country Company operating project: Clark http://maps.google.com/maps/ms?
Wyoming River Basin and winter, Nov - Precipitation Resource County and Let it Snow, Inc. ie=UTF8&hl=en&msa=0&msid=210263860280044
those Apr Conservation and 943005.00047f6342c83772ab091&ll=36.575469,-1
watersheds Development 06.867725&spn=15.220428,16.763863&source=e
draining into (RC&D) Council & mbed; http://www.hcountryrcd.org/cloud
Water Basin 31; local districts, %20seeding.htm
Area, 5,161 mi2 counties, cities
and companies,
see:
http://www.hcountr
yrcd.org/cloud
%20seeding.htm

N-America USA- Wind River 1999: Jan, 4 Increased Eden Valley Project name: Wind River Wyoming. WMO report 1999
Wyoming Wyoming days Precipitation Irrigation and
Drainage District
N-America USA- 2005 - 2011: Increased Carried out by Weather Modification Inc. http://www.just-
Wyoming winter Precipitation Project name: Wyoming Weather clouds.com/SOAR_pioneers_cloud_seeding_mille
Modification Pilot Program. Snowpack d_salt.asp
Augmentation and Atmospheric
Assessment and Evaluation.

N-America USA- Higher 1993, 1995: Increased High Country Carried out by North American Weather http://www.nawcinc.com/Wxmod.pdf, North
Wyoming/Idah Elevation winter Precipitation RC&D Consultants, Inc. For irrigation water American Weather Consultants cloud seeding
o Watersheds of supplies. programs through April 2011
Nine Eastern
Idaho Counties
and One
Western
Wyoming
County

N-America USA- South-western 1954 - 1970; Increased Utah Power and Carried out by North American Weather http://www.nawcinc.com/Wxmod.pdf;
Wyoming/Idah Wyoming and 1979 - 1982, Precipitation Light Company Consultants, Inc. For hydroelectric http://www.nawcinc.com/NAWC%20Research.pdf,
o South-eastern 1989 - 1990: power production. North American Weather Consultants cloud
Idaho (Bear winter seeding programs through April 2011
Lake Drainage,
Smith &
Thomas Forks)

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Asia Uzbekistan 1,900 km 1979 1992 Reduced Government Against hail. Shahrisyabz Project. WMO report 1992
Kashkadarya every year; e.g. Precipitation (Agricultural
River in K, in 1992: 7 days department)
District
Asia Uzbekistan 3,130 km 1969 - 2003 Reduced Government Against hail. Namangan Project. WMO report 2003-2004, 1999, 2002, 1992
target area; every year; e.g. Precipitation (Agricultural
Namangan in 2003: April - department)
District, Aug, 37 days; in
Fergana Valley 1999: April -
Aug, 22 days; in
2002: 18 days

Asia Uzbekistan 800 km, 1981 - 1992 Reduced Government Against hail. Andijan Project. WMO report 1992
Andijan District, every year; e.g. Precipitation (Agricultural
Eastern In 1992: 7 days department)
Fergana Valley

Asia Uzbekistan 800 km, 1983 1992 Reduced Government Against hail. Samarkand Project. WMO report 1992
Samarkand every year; e.g. Precipitation (Agricultural
District, in 1992: 7 days department)
Zarafshan
Valley
S-America Venezuela San Cristobal 2009 - 2011 Increased CORPOELEC Operator: Hidromet Chile. http://www.hidromet.cl/clientes.html
region (SW) Precipitation (electricity
company)
S-America Venezuela Venezuelas 2009 - 2011 Increased Government Project name: La siembra de nubes. http://www.globalpost.com/dispatch/venezuela/100
South-eastern Precipitation Operator: Hidromet Chile. 202/rain-cloud-bombing,
territories: Huri http://www.rnv.gov.ve/noticias/index.php?
basin, Rio act=ST&f=14&t=117011:;
Uribante basin, http://www.minamb.gob.ve/index.php?
Andes, Rio Tui option=com_content&task=view&id=2195&Itemid=
basin 43, http://www.hidromet.cl/experiencia.html, http://
www.hidromet.cl/clientes.html;
http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/34191035/ns/weath
er/t/venezuela-bombard-clouds-fight-drought/

Asia Vietnam 1967 - 1972 Increased US Department of "Operation Popeye" used cloud seeding http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Popeye
Precipitation State and as a means of warfare during Vietnam
Department of war, to drown out transport and crops.
Defense

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Africa Zimbabwe 390,757 km 1968 - 2003, Increased Government Project name: NASCO - National Cloud WMO report 2003-2004, 1999
target area, with Precipitation (meteorological Seeding Operation).
Harare in 2003; interruptions; services)
countrywide in e.g. 70 days
1999 from Dec 03 -
Mar 04

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