TEACHERS MANUAL

CAP I TA L I Z AT I O N
PU
AN D
N C T U A T I O N

ENGLISH
in context

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 ENGLISH
iin
n ccontext
o n te x t

CAPITALIZATION AND PUNCTUATION

GRAMMAR AND USAGE
READING COMPREHENSION
SPELLING
VOCABULARY
WRITING

Development and Production: Laurel Associates, Inc.

Cover Art: Elisa Ligon

SADDLEBACK PUBLISHING, INC.

Three Watson
Irvine, CA 92618-2767
E-Mail: info@sdlback.com
Website: www.sdlback.com

Copyright 2000 by Saddleback Publishing, Inc. All rights reserved. No part

of this book may be reproduced in any form or by any means, electronic or
mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage
and retrieval system, without the written permission of the publisher.

ISBN 1-56254-351-2

Printed in the United States of America

05 04 03 02 01 00 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

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 ENGLISH IN CONTEXT

PROGRAM DESCRIPTION
Mastery of basic language skills is the overarching goal of the English in
Context series. To this end, each of the six worktexts has been carefully designed to
begin at the beginning and gradually proceed along the skills continuum. The low
reading level (approximately 4.0) is consistent throughout the program.
The worktexts are appropriate for use with small groups, a full class, or by
independent learners. The self-explanatory nature of the lessons frees the teacher for
individual mentoring. Students from middle school through adult classes will appreciate
the variety of contextual themes, which include humor, amazing facts, historical
highlights, and excerpts from real-world documents and forms, as well as high-interest
material from academic content areas.
Both illustrations and graphic art are used to support the instruction and maintain
interest. A variety of puzzles, riddles, and games are intended to sharpen critical
thinking skills as they provide additional interest and amusement. A handy reference
guide at the back of each worktext promotes the invaluable habit of looking up a
verifying reference when usage is in doubt.

TEACHING THE PROGRAM

Make sure that every student has a dictionary close at hand. Many lessons refer the
student to a dictionary for the purpose of checking spelling, different forms of the
word, synonyms, etc.
Before passing out the worktexts for the first time, anticipate the negative attitudes
of students who have experienced little success in previous English studies. Point
out that all lessons are short and that examples provided can be used as models.
Ask students to read the worktext Introduction aloud, and then follow up with a
class discussion. Encourage students to expect success. For the first few lessons in
a worktext, ask a student volunteer to read the directions aloud while you observe
the other students, making certain that the instructions are understood.
Lesson extensions for homework and/or extra credit might include locating examples
of English in context in newspaper or magazine clippings, or creative writing
assignments such as making posters or charts, writing song lyrics or product
descriptions, or finding and recording examples of the focus skill from their basal
textbooks. Realia (actual business letters, operating instructions, classified ads,
etc.) are extremely effective for demonstrating the relevance and everyday application
of basic English skills.

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 Challenge students to find errors in written materials from the real world. Offer
bonus grade points for examples of missing commas, incorrect capitalization,
grammar slip-ups, etc.
Riffle through each students worktext on a regular basis, checking to see that all
assigned lessons are completed. If you think it useful, conduct a short weekly answer-
checking session with the entire group. Keep an eye out for students who arent
making progress. Record unit review scores on the class record chart provided.
Students who are unable to keep pace with their classmates need individual evaluation.
Those having difficulty with the reading level could be assigned a peer tutor or
perhaps work together in a small group to thoroughly preview and follow up on
lessons that are causing them problems. Some ESL students need more oral language
practice before transitioning into an entire lesson presentation in print. All students
need continuing encouragement from the teacher as well as his or her unflagging
expectation of success.
As students proceed through the worktexts, periodically reinforce selected skills and
subskills in one of the following ways:
(1) Choose an entry from the reference guide, write it on the board, and ask students
to supply examples.
(2) Integrate basic English skills instruction in various content-area presentations
by asking questions about grammatical structure, interesting vocabulary, rule-
breaker spellings, or any exemplary written formats.
(3) Reinforce the correlation between spoken and written language by eliciting oral
responses to the types of questions asked in the worktext lessons, e.g., Can
anyone name the part of speech for each word in the chapter title?

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 CLASS RECORD CHART
ENGLISH IN CONTEXT
Record the number of items missed on
each Unit Review next to the students CAPITALIZATION AND PUNCTUATION
name. If there are more than two errors,
remediate as necessary.

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5 860-2500
Saddleback Publishing, Inc., English in Context, 2000 Phone: (949)
 ANSWER KEY

Editing with proofreading marks is being taught throughout this book. Whenever you see this
symbol: , in addition to checking for correct answers, you need to check the students correct use
of proofreading marks. For your convenience, a chart of proofreading symbols and examples of
their use follows:

PROOFREADING MARKS
Mark Meaning Example
Indent to begin paragraph.
Change to a capital letter.
Change to a small letter.
Insert a period.
Insert a comma.
Reverse the order.
Close this space.
Insert anything missing.
Omit something.
Add quotation marks.
Add an apostrophe.
I think dogs dream. When Fido
sleeps, he makes odd noises.
my dog seems to dream.
My Mom is an engineer.
I love pizza
Sam please shut the door.
I voted f ro Walt.
Watch ou t for wet roads.
the
We drove to west end of town.
I ate a giant-sized huge taco.
Margo asked, Where is the exit?
This is Ginas car.

1 CAPITALIZATION OVERVIEW 3. Greetings and Closings in Letters

A. 1. Dear 2. Sincerely 3. My dear
1. First Word in a Sentence 4. Yours very 5. Hi 6. Your loving
A. 1. T he 2. correct 3. B ig 7. My dearest 8. Sincerely
4. O nce I 5. correct 9. Very truly 10. Missing
B. 1. Clouds 2. If 3. Cumulus B. 1. Dear 2. Sincerely 3. yours
4. Usually 5. Gray 4. dear 5. sincerely 6. Sincerely
C. We usually pure. T he truth 7. truly 8. Your
impurity. I t might sand. O ther C. 1. D ear 2. Yours v ery t ruly
pollution. Raindrops form 3. M y d earest 4. D ear
5. Your l oving g randson,
2. First Word in a Direct Quotation 6. To w hom i t may c oncern:
A. 1. that 2. Yes 3. he 7. C ordially y ours, 8. H i, Aunt
4. No 5. about 6. When 9. U ntil w e m eet a gain,
7. Wouldnt 10. G reetings, c itizens,
B. 1. is 2. There 3. Is
4. there 5. what 6. What 4. The Personal Pronoun I
C. 1. All , i nterested and Interjection O
2. To , he A. 1. After , I 2. Did you I
3. Edison , t o 3. , O , offer you
4. Before , experts 4. , yet o h how angry I was.
5. As , t oday B. 1. I 2. you 3. I

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C. To entertain the king, I told him this C. D ear Grandma,
story. Yesterday I learned the caves. T hanks . Sarah and I really ,
This might interest you, O mighty king. S arah asked, W hen again?
Stalactites, I was floor. When t hey , is to ask her. tell us w hen
meet, they form a pillar of stone. Your a ffectionate g randdaughter,
Amy
5. Outlines
A. I. Taking care of my dog 2 NAMES OF PEOPLE
A. Feeding the dog
1. Filling the water bowl 7. Names and Initials
2. Filling the kibble bowl A. 1. Roland 2. Suzanne
B. Grooming my dog 3. E. L. Konigsburg 4. Mary Cassatt
1. Brushing the dog daily 5. Susan B. Anthony
2. Bathing the dog monthly 6. Elizabeth Cady Stanton
a. Where I bathe the dog B. 14. Answers will vary.
b. How I bathe the dog 5. Carol D. Murphy
B. Seasons o f t he y ear 6. Richard D. Garcia
I. Winter C. 1. Carla F. Johnson
A. Things to w ear 2. S uzy Q. M organ.
1. W hen it is raining 3. and C arla M ildred D. Taylor.
a. Raincoats 4. C eline D ion.
b. R ain boots 5. James B. T yson.
2. When it is s nowing
a. Boots and gloves 8. Personal and Professional Titles
b. H ats and coats A. 1. Queen 2. queen 3. Ambassador
B. Things to do 4. ambassador 5. Sergeant
1. G o ice skating 6. sergeant
2. Build a f ire
B. 1. Doctor 2. doctor 3. major general
II. S ummer
4. Major General 5. president
A. Things to wear
6. President
1. When it is s unny
a. S unscreen C. 1. Senator 2. The s enators
b. S unglasses 3. The d octor 4. D octor
5. governor 6. G overnor
6. Proper Nouns
9. Titles of Relationship
A. 1. C 2. C 3. C 4. boy 5. C
6. C 7. C 8. Cynthia 9. C A. 1. aunt 2. Uncle 3. Uncle
10. Mississippi River 4. cousins 5. Cousin 6. grandma
7. Grandma
B. 1. brother 2. Anna 3. baseball
4. Tigers 5. Africa 6. monkey B. 1. mom 2. Mom 3. brother
7. Buster 8. kangaroo 9. Joey, joey 4. Brother 5. grandma 6. Grandma
C. Answers will vary. C. 1. My dad 2. , Dad.
3. , S on, 4. g randmas
1 UNIT REVIEW 5. G randpa 6. G randma
A. 1. Have 2. There 3. you 4. Of
5. I 6. San Francisco 7. ballets 10. Nationalities and Languages
B. 1. O 2. Your 3. A 4. oh 5. When A. 1. Native American 2. Italians
6. when 7. a. 8. yours 3. Japanese 4. Egyptian
5. Aztec 6. Canadian

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 B. 1. N orwegian
2. S wedish and R ussian people.
3. Some G erman
4. A few P olish
5. E nglish quickly.
6. The American
C. , an A frican-A merican, speak
F rench, he , a M exican-A merican
girl , an I talian immigrant.
2 UNIT REVIEW
A. 1. Corporal 2. corporal 3. Chinese
4. Alex P. Majors
B. 1. mother 2. grandmother 3. Mother
4. Grandmother 5. doctor 6. Doctor
7. optometrist 8. Optometrists
C. A family friend, D octor Silas Gross,
lives in an American town on the
M exican border. my dear u ncle,
whom I havent seen in months. My
m om tells me that U ncle Charlie will
to speak S panish. He tells me that
our friend the d octor is fluent
3 NAMES OF PLACES
11. Names of Cities and Towns
A. 1. San Francisco 2. Chicago
3. the Windy City 4. Arlington Heights
5. Oakland 6. Glenwood Springs
7. the Big Apple
B. 1. D enver,
2. t he Mile High City.
3. , Mexico C ity, Mexico,
t he Mile a nd a Half City.
C. Manhattan B each. in Las Vegas,
Truth o r Consequences, N ew
Mexico. F ort W orth, in B aton
Rouge before driving h ome.
12. Names of States, Countries,
and Continents
A. 1. Peru 2. North America
3. West Virginia 4. New Zealand
5. Thailand 6. Costa Rica
B. 1. F rance last summer.
2. N ew Hampshire
3. C anada before.
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4. B ritish Columbia in November.
5. N orth A merica.
C. Answers will vary.
13. Geographic Names
A. 1. Lake Tahoe 2. lake
3. the Straits of Florida
4. the Mediterranean Sea
B. 1. Californias Mojave D esert
2. That d esert
3. B ridalveil Falls.
4. The beautiful w aterfall
5. G ulf o f the Farallons.
6. After fishing the g ulf
C. Answers will vary.
14. Words Formed from Place Names
A. 1. Chinese 2. Roman 3. African
4. Irish 5. Greek 6. English
B. 1. Apple p ie A merican dessert.
2. M exican food is t amales.
3. S wedish meatballs or I talian ?
4. On her Australian kangaroos.
5. Some S panish flamenco d ancers
6. Twelve Canadian g eese
C. a c lass in Japanese f lower
a rranging. H awaiian as A frican
v iolets. Barbaras F rench t eacher
the f lower a rranging class.
15. Direction Words
A. 1. north 2. Northwest 3. South
4. northern 5. eastern 6. north
7. western 8. Midwest
B. 1. Get on the s outhbound 2. C
3. w est to my house.
4. to the S outh.
C. The stands the N orth, the S outh,
the East, and the W est. the s outh
side from the S outhwest was
listening to his s outhern accent.
3 UNIT REVIEW
A. 1. Istanbul 2. Turkey 3. northwestern
4. west 5. sea 6. Grecian
B. 1. mountains 2. Mountains
3. river 4. River 5. Gulf 6. gulf
7. north 8. North
 C. Walter has been studying F rench
visits P aris, F rance. Walter to
E urope trip e ast of the P arisian
cafes. Perhaps English C hannel
in the M idwest.
4 NAMES OF THINGS
16. Brand Names
A. 1. photocopy 2. Duplox
3. self-stick notes 4. Stick-Its
5. Stop Rays 6. sunglasses
B. 1. Jake wears C ools
2. j eans to school.
3. Nick i nstant p hotographs
4. Carl took an I nsta-P rint
5. in the r efrigerator.
6. Icy-Air hanging open?
C. Before going P rimo, Shelly
B right-S mile and M intybreath.
She t oothpaste, her m outhwash.
Next S moothie, her favorite
h and l otion. When s andals,
C lunkystocks. She c onvertible!
17. Organizations and Religions
A. 1. Hinduism 2. Hindus 3. Pacific Bell
4. Social Security Administration
5. Christianity 6. Episcopalians
B. 1. Thomas about J udaism.
2. He has are J ews.
3. U nited S tates P ostal S ervice.
4. Young M ens C hristian A ssociation.
5. Fred L utheran friends.
C. David was by the D aughters
of the A merican R evolution. That
o rganization sponsors attend a
C atholic university He is a B aptist,
but all religionsC hristians,
M uslims, H indus, J ewsare
18. Titles of Work
A. 1. The Pyramids of Egypt
2. Island of the Blue Dolphins
3. My Heart Will Go On
4. All Quiet on the Western Front
5. The Care and Feeding of Iguanas
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B. 1. T he Silence of the Lambs.
2. T he Reasons for t he Civil War.
3. T he Red Badge of Courage.
4. A n Episode of t he American
Civil War.
5. When Lilacs Last i n t he
Dooryard Bloomd?
6. Memories o f President Lincoln.
C. Samuel wrote T he Day the
C ircus Came to Town. After rewriting
A Week in the L ife of a Circus
Clown. A movie titled Three Rings
and No Nets. To help book called
Writing a Screenplay the Easy Way.
19. Days, Months, and Holidays
A. 1. Fridays 2. August 3. October
4. Thanksgiving 5. Halloween 6. July
B. 1. pumpkin seeds on S unday.
2. beautiful morning in A pril.
3. vegetables in the s pring.
4. By the first of M ay, the
5. By the end of s ummer the
6. O ctober, for H alloween.
C. One S aturday morning, crisp
a utumn air. It for O ctober, she
thought. This year, w inter would
decoration for the H alloween party
on W ednesday.
4 UNIT REVIEW
A. 1. on 2. Thursday 3. November
4. Thanksgiving 5. Toys for Tots
6. Jewish
B. 1. Marsha only buys B rite S mile
2. In America, R oman C atholics
3. called Just Trying to Hold O n.
4. On Presidents D ay, all
5. Ill celebrate on F riday night.
6. Being born on F ebruary 29, I
C. This year, N ew Years Day falls on a
T uesday. Dina wants to take M onday
off work F riday, D ecember 29. Her
ski club, which calls itself S liders and
G liders, has new s ki pants, made
by a company called S nowbound. She
will wear her S nowbounds
 UNIT 1 4 REVIEW:
CAPITALIZATION IN CONTEXT
A. D ear U ncle Joe,
So far, our trip to Los A ngeles has
been a lot of fun. When we landed at
the airport, Calvin said, P lease, M om,
can we visit a movie studio now?
Thats why C alvin, M om, and I went to
the city of B urbank on M onday. W e
wanted to tour a movie studio there.
When we walked onto the lot, Calvin
said, O dear Mother! This may be the
start of my movie career. Bless you for
taking u s here! Hes s uch a clown!
After the studio tour, we went s outh-
east of Burbank to the H untington
L ibrary. As you know, that place is
much more than just a l ibrary. I have
always wanted to visit the fine art
g allery there. We saw the famous
painting by Thomas Gainsborough,
The Blue Boy. In the same room we
saw S ir Thomas Lawrences famous
painting, Pinkie. Did you know it
is a portrait of Elizabeth Barrett
B rownings a unt? After wandering
through the museum, we went to
the E nglish T ea R oom. We had tea,
sandwiches, and fancy d esserts.
Have you ever visited this wonderful
place in S an Marino, California?
Next month, were planning a trip to
the r iver. In fact, well be rafting on
the S acramento River within three
weeks! Can you ask M r. Ferraro for a
few days off work. Tell him you want to
visit our I talian relatives who live near
the r iver. If you come, dont forget to
bring your S un-G uard. Youll need
some s unscreen while were rafting!
Im sure the A merican M edical
Association would agree!
Well, thats it for n ow. I hope to hear
from you soon.
Your l oving niece,
Estelle
10
B. 1. The Guinness Book of World
Records lists M ary F aulkner as the
w orlds most prolific w riter. Using 6
pen names, this amazing S outh
A frican author has written 904 b ooks.
T wo of her b ook t itles are Wind of
Desire and Harvest of Deceit.
2. A n American dime novelist,
P rentiss I ngraham, occasionally
wrote a 3,500-word b ook overnight!
He wrote 200 books on B uffalo B ill
alone.
3. S uyuti, an A rab who lived more
than 500 y ears ago, wrote 561 books.
H e wrote on just about every aspect
of s cience and l iterature. H is best
known works, however, were
c ommentaries on the Koran.
4. L auren P aine, an A merican
paperback n ovelist, has used 70 pen
names. M ost of his 850+ works are
westerns. O ne of his best known t itles
is The Man from Wells Fargo, which
was p ublished in 1961.
5. More than 100 years ago, a popular
J apanese n ovelist called B akin wrote
a 106-volume novel! T he name of this
giant n ovel was H akkenden, which in
E nglish means Tale of Eight Dogs.
6. A n E nglish writer named Barbara
C artland has written nearly 300 books.
S ometimes she has p ublished more
than 20 novels in one y ear! T wo of her
books titles are The Curse of the Clan
and I Seek the Miraculous.
C. 1. T he Baker Street Journal is
published by F ordham University
P ress in the B ronx, New York. I t
is the o fficial journal of the Baker
Street Irregulars, the A merican
Sherlock H olmes S ociety.
2. The Chocolate News is published
in New York, NY. Two of its recent
a rticles were called M other F udge
and Interview: J ames C oco.
 3. Last Months Newsletter is B. 1. What an exciting !
p ublished in Philadelphia, PA, by 2. Oh, no! The dog !
the P rocrastinators C lub of A merica. 3. Just look at that !
T he magazine once a nnounced 4. What delicious !
that it would give an a ward to the C. 1. Wow! The rain forest !
P rocrastinator of the Year. The 2. Look over there! What a !
announcement invited r eaders to 3. Quick! Hand me the !
submit a nominee when you get 4. What a great photograph !
a round to it. 5. Oh, no! You opened !
D. 1. N ever give in, Winston C hurchill 6. Youve ruined all my !
advised, n ever, never, never, never,
never, never! 23. Periods with Abbreviations and Initials
2. N ever tell people how to do things, .
A. 1. Mr Jerome B. Hollander
advised US A rmy G en. George S. .
2. 74 Oakland Ave , Oakland, CA 94610
P atton. T ell them what to do and they .
3. Dr and Mrs Howard Sanchez.
will surprise you with their i ngenuity. 4. C 5. Liam L Leprechaun, Jr . .
3. Robert L. S tevenson said, Keep
6. 16 ft, 7 in .
7. 8 lbs of beets
your f ears to yourself, but share your .
B. 1. Mr Anthony B Jones to .
courage with o thers. 2. 428 Maple Ave , her home. .
3. Roz lives in Hillsdale, NJ 07642.
E. 1. T he f ather of Frederick the G reat
forced g iant men to marry g iant C. 1. three lbs of fish.
women so he could raise tall guards. 2. six mi today.
2. A t one time C zar Nicholas II
.
3. Dr Harry S Blackthorn. .
considered building an e lectric fence
4. on Elverta St is closed. .
all around R ussia.
5. is Sat , Aug 3. . .
6. an in thick. .
5 END PUNCTUATION 5 UNIT REVIEW
A. 1. ? 2. 3. ! . 4. ?
20. Periods 5. Sat .
6. Jan 7. Blvd . .
A. 1. Carl Sagans series . B. 1. Fla .
2. FL 3. yds 4. !
2. Please sit down with me . 3. C 5. Mrs .
6. E 7. ? 8. . .
4. I wish Cosmos, air again . .
C. Jamie C Anderson Dr. Heather M .
5. Make some show starts . Jones, live at 14423 W Main St , . .
6. Listen to says about plants . Eastport, NY 11941. Last Canyon .
B. 1.5. . C. 1.5. . What had! They Apr was .
21. Question Marks
.
Ariz , five mi deep! Both one
.
in much less one ftcloser
A. 1. ? 2. C 3. ? 4. ? 1,000-lb weight. They
.
B. 1. ? 2. 3. ?
4. ? 5. ? 6. . 6 COMMAS
C. 1. ? 2. ? 3. ? 4. ?
5. C 6. ? 7. ? 24. Separating Items in a Series
A. 1. Carol, Tina, and Emily
22. Exclamation Points 2. May, June, and July
A. 1. C 2. Hurry! The baby pool! 3. water lilies, wildflowers, and ferns
3. ! 4. My goodness! Look ! 4. lakes, ponds, and slow-moving
5. Jake! Come ! streams

11
 B. 1. along coastlines, at the edges
of marshes, and by rivers.
2. large, yellow, fragrant flowers.
3. hard, heavy, and valuable.
4. to build houses, to burn as fuel,
to make dyes, and to tan leather.
C. 1. Farhad washed the dishes,
swept the floor, and did some
yard work.
2. nickels, dimes, and quarters.
3. books, paper, and pens.
4. sisters, brothers, and cousins.
25. Separating Parts of Addresses
and Dates
A. 1. July 3, 1999, 2. July 4
3. Encinitas, California
4. Oceanside, California,
B. 1. June 12, 1999, was
2. Dallas, Texas, for 3. C
C. 1. Tennessee, is
2. Hollywood, California.
3. April 15.
4. May 21, 2001. She
5. December 31, 1999?
6. Pago Pago, American Samoa,
26. Connecting Parts of
Compound Sentences
A. 1. , and 2. , and 3. , but
4. , or 5. , nor 6. , but
B. 1. backbones, but worms
2. shells, and others
3. snails, or do
4. gills, or it
5. gills, and they
C. 1. mollusk, but it has no shell.
2. and each
3. itself, or it can move
4. water in, and
5. backward, but it
27. Setting Off Introductory Words
A. 1. world, starfish 2. coast, you
3. off, a 4. orange, they
B. 1. rock rested 2. lately, the
3. feet, the 4. meal, the
12
C. 1. fishermen, clams and
2. crops, these fishermen
3. shore some
28. Setting Off Separate Thoughts
or Explanations
A. 1. , a type of rock,
2. , stream in Pennsylvania
3. , forming a waterfall
4. , who wanted a weekend home
5. , which are made of concrete,
6. , which open to terraces,
B. 1. Charleston, a coastal city, was
2. Museum, the oldest in North
America, was
3. New Orleans, the Big Easy.
4. Mardi Gras, a fabulous festival,
C. 1. 1850s, is 2. Museum,
3. The building, formerly known as
the Old Market Building, is
4. tower, which 5. museum,
which is open daily, is a very
6 UNIT REVIEW
A. 1. Washington, and
2. , an art collector,
3. jade, gold, stone, and wood
B. 1. Andrew Carnegie, a self-made
millionaire, was
2. America, he
3. Carnegie Institute, a cultural
4. history museum, an art museum,
a library, and a
C. Miltons favorite book, The
Adventures of Huckleberry Finn,
was story begins, Huck is living
her sister, Miss Watson. Hucks
father, who had always neglected
his son, shows up one day. Hearing
kidnaps him, imprisons him in a cabin,
and tries to get the treasure. After
Huck escapes, he hides on Jacksons
Island. There he meets Jim, Miss
Watsons runaway slave, and his
adventures really begin. The book
was published in London, England,
in December 1884. A few months
later, in February 1885, it was
published in New York.
 7 APOSTROPHES AND QUOTATION MARKS
29. Apostrophes to Show
Ownership
A. 1. boys bikes 2. deer s antlers
3. Marge s message
4. teachers lounge
B. 1. dancers 2. writer s
3. men s 4. actor s
C. 1. Sandra s 2. boys suits
3. grandmother s house
4. Lana s hours
5. moose s antlers
30. Apostrophes for Missing Letters
A. 1. can t 2. couldn t 3. isn t, it s
4. hasn t 5. doesn t
B. 1. could ve 2. might ve 3. we ve
4. you ve 5. they ve 6. would ve
C. 1. I should ve
2. If you d , you would ve won.
3. You ve come 4. I ll help
31. Quotation Marks for Direct Quotations
A. 1. ducks 2. thick, 3. feathers.
4. They
B. 1. wrote, Nothing is certain but
death and taxes.
2. alive, said Henry David Thoreau.
3. to simplify their lives.
4. said Thoreau, that never fails.
C. him if he had cut down the cherry
tree. He supposedly replied, Yes,
Mother. I did cut down the cherry
tree. I then said to my mother, I still
didnt break the kitchen window!
32. Special Uses of Quotation Marks
A. 1. My Pet Iguana. 2. Carmen
3. To Build a Fire. 4. Citizen Kane
5. Water Lilies
B. 1. ballet The Nutcracker Suite.
2. novel The Giver last month.
3. This poem, The Song of the
Jellicles, was
4. ship named Onward.
5. Stus essay, Dolphins at Play
13
C. Kim recently read the novel Julie of
the Wolves. She short story
called Every loyal. Her sculpture
called Midnight Howling. Next Kim
read a magazine article called Our
Friends, the Wolves. poem called
Enough About Wolves Already.
7 UNIT REVIEW
A. 1. Michaels 2. didnt 3. What
4. that 5. Birches 6. that
7. childrens 8. Kennedys
B. 1. girls chair. 2. She wouldn t
3. I ll sit 4. She shouldve
5. Please save my seat.
6. that I would.
C. Haven t you called Jenny. It
movie Forrest Gump. In , I m going
to name all my ships after Jenny.
Here s a book called What to Name
Your Baby. I a boats name, too.
8 SPECIAL PUNCTUATION
33. Colons and Semicolons
A. 1. trip: sandals 2. up, wash 3. 10:15
4. Jones: 5. down; we 6. down, we
B. At about 6:15 types of movies:
comedies, picked one out; it was a
home, she ingredients: chicken
She also added salt, come over;
Paula was
34. Hyphens and Dashes
1. twenty-four 2. One third
3. im-por-tant 4. it 5. know-it-all
6. up-to-date, up to date
7. recollect, re-collect
8. red-faced, son-in-law
35. Ellipses and Slashes
1. Diana did not know when the
Revolutionary War ended.
2. Roberto still wanted to be friends
with him.
3. The exercise was made up of
true/false questions.
 4. Corinne bought eight yards
of red velvet.
5. Albert and Liz went to the
prom together.
6. Cash/check /charge were the
payment choices offered.
7. Stanley knew he was ready
to play baseball.
8. The question required only
a yes/no answer.
9. From morning til night, / Then til
dawns early light, / I tremble with
anticipation. / The time it grows
short, / Soon someone will report, /
The words of my imagination. / I
will soon jump and cheer, / When
those words at last I hear, / Youve
graduated! Congratulations!
36. Parentheses and Brackets
A. 1. (tennis dress shoes)
2. (3) a sense of humor
3. [Didnt he know racing?]
4. (Jim, Jan, and Chris)
5. [whatever that means!]
B. 1. ingredients (saffron
chestnuts) are
2. tomorrow [hooray!], but
3. today: (1) put (2) go
(3) swim
4. nervous (which him) but
8 UNIT REVIEW
A. 1. hours; all 2. self-assurance
3. one-third 4. dont take this the
wrong way 5. either/or
6. [as if I could!]
B. 1. applause: Tonya
2. saying, I am the best.
3. rock; I skinned my knee.
4. cheeringa wonderful
5. Chapters 2 and 3 [ Ive already
done that] and
C. fire, / in ice. / of desire /
favor fire. / perish twice, / of
hate / destruction ice / is also
great / And would suffice.
14
UNIT 58 REVIEW:
PUNCTUATION IN CONTEXT
A. Answers may vary; some parentheses
could be replaced with dashes or brackets.
People raise chickens and turkeys for
the meat; they also raise chickens for
their eggs. Both the male chicken
(called a rooster) and the female
chicken (called a hen) have combs.
The comb is a fleshy red piece of
skinIm sure youve seen it on a
chickens head. Chickens also have
extra skin under the beak; this skin is
called a wattle. Males have bigger
combs and wattles than females do
but you already knew that.
Turkeys ( larger animals than
chickens) are also interesting birds.
Male turkeys are called toms; females
are called hens. The females (as is
usual in the bird kingdom) are smaller
and not as colorful as the males. Male
turkeys have long wattles; they do not
have a comb. Instead, they have a
long piece of skin (it looks so weird)
called a snood. This skin hangs over
the tom s beak.
Dave told me this: Male turkeys
have a special display to attract
females. The male follows this
procedure: (1) He puffs up his feathers
until he is almost round. (2) He
spreads his colorful tail like a fan.
(3) He dances in a circle.
I asked Dave why the tom behaves
this way. Dave said, Well, havent you
ever noticed how some boys behave
around girls? They strut around and
act like big shots [of course Ive
noticed this] who own the world.
Theyre trying to get attention, just as
the tom does. Then Dave continued
by saying this: The best example of
such behavior, of course, is the
peacock [such a spectacular bird].
 Then Dave (he seems so smart)
started talking about peacocks. When
he was about three fourths of the way
through his speech, I had to leave. I
had to pick up supplies for my pre-
Thanksgiving party.
B. At one time or another Mr Ashrita
Furman has held 30 world records for
feats including basketball dribbling,
brick carrying, and pogo- stick
.
jumping In June 1993, he carried
.
a 9- lb brick in one hand while he ran
. .
64 mi From Apr 5 to Apr 6, 1991,
he completed 307 games of hopscotch
.
in 24 hrs A very versatile man, he
.
can yodel for hrs on end, skip long
distances, and juggle as he runs In
Jamaica, NY, he speed-walked 70
.
mi while balancing a milk bottle on
his head at the same time Ashrita
attributes his success to practice,
meditation, and relaxation
.
C. 1. Ms Nikki Fierstos scored a field
goal of approximately 79 ft, the
longest basketball shot ever made
by a woman, on Jan 2, 1993, in . .
Huntington, IN . B.
.
2. In Oct 1993, Jamie Borges of the
USA dribbled a basketball without
traveling from Barrington, MA, to
Boston, MA, a distance of 284.9 mi.
.
3. On Apr 21, 1992, Paul Lynch of
Great Britain did 124 consecutive
push- ups while balancing on one
index finger.
.
4. Golfer L Bruce, while playing
in Arkansas, aced the longest
hole- in- one, a shot of 480 yds on
.
Nov 15, 1962.
5. Before being beaten by Notre
Dame, University of Oklahoma
football teams won 47 consecutive
games from 1953 to 1957.
UNIT 18 REVIEW:
CAPITALIZATION AND PUNCTUATION
IN CONTEXT
A. 1. Tan asked, Did you know that
Socrates, the brilliant Greek
philosopher, invented a totally new
. method of study?
2. Yes, I did, Alexis answered .
Later, Socrates study system
became the basis of the scientific
method we use today.
3. Socrates, who lived from 470 BC
. to 399 BC, was condemned to death
for his shocking ideas, Tan went on .
4. Alexis then explained that Socrates
was the main character in his student
. Platos famous work The Republic .
5. Tan then told A lexis that in The
Republic Plato tried to define justice .
. 6. Wow! said Mr. Baldwin, their
.
teacher You two have been studying
. hard.
7. Do you also know that A ristotle
was a student at Platos academy
and later became a teacher there?
M r Baldwin asked.
Aristotle became a b rilliant teacher .
When Alexander the Great was 14
y ears old, he became Aristotle s
.
student A ristotle taught young
A lexander about the ideals of G reek
civilization! He inspired Alexander with
his k nowledge of natural sciences, his
love of l iterature, and a respect for
s ports and physical strength.
Aristotle was one of the few people of
his a ge to recognize the wrongs of
.
s lavery H e wrote as follows: T he
distinction between a slave and a free
person . . . has no place in Nature
.
. . . and is devoid of j ustice
T he amazing Aristotle wrote
hundreds of books on various
.
subjects To day he is considered one
.
of the greatest thinkers in h istory
15
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ENGLISH IN CONTEXT

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CAPITALIZATION AND PUNCTUATION

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Saddleback Educational Publishing, English in Context, 2000 Phone: (949) 860-2500