DEI - Complete DPR - 50 KWP X 2 - Rooftop Solar Plant

DAYALBAGH EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTE
DETAILED PROJECT REPORT

50X2 kWp SOLAR POWER PLANT AT DAYALBAGH EDUCATIONAL
INSTITUTE
AGRA
I D P U T M Y M O N E Y O N T H E SU N A N D SO L A R E NE R G Y . W H AT A SO U R C E O F P O W E R ! I H O P E W E D O N T H AV E T O
W A I T U N T I L O I L A N D C O A L R U N O U T B E FO R E W E T A C K L E T H AT . I W I SH I H A D M O R E Y E AR S L E F T .
- T H O M AS E D I SO N
CONTENTS
EXECUTIVE
SUMMARY...6
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION TO INDIAS ENERGY SECTOR ...........................................8
1.1 INTRODUCTION TO JAWAHARLAL NEHRU NATIONAL SOLAR MISSION (JNNSM)

..............................................................................................................................11
CHAPTER 2: INTRODUCTION TO PV PLANT & PROJECT DEVELOPER 13
2.1 PLANT OVERVIEW...13
2.2 DAYALBAGH EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTE..15
CHAPTER 3: SITE OVERVIEW17
CHAPTER 4: SITE DESCRIPTION ...19
4.1 ACCESS TO THE SITE ...19
4.2 INFRASTRUCTURE...19
4.3 HORIZON SHADING.19
4.4 NEAR SHADING20
CHAPTER 5: ON SITE CLIMATIC CONDITIONS.21
5.1 WIND SPEED..23
5.2 PRECIPITATION25
5.3 TEMPERATURE.27
5.4 SOLAR RESOURCE POTENTIAL30
CHAPTER 6: PV TECHNOLOGY & PLANT DESIGN30
6.1 PV MODULE ...29
6.2 INVERTER..32
6.3 BATTERIES 34
6.4 MOUNTING STRUCTURE & FOUNDATION36
6.5 BALANCE OF PARTS- ELECTRICAL DESIGN.....36

6.6 OTHER PLANT COMPONENT..36
6.7 MONITORING & DATA ACQUISITION..36
CHAPTER 7: ENERGY YIELD STUDIES.37
7.1 RADIATION IN THE PLANE OF MODULE37
7.2 CORRECTIONS AND LOSSES. 37
7.3 ENERGY YIELD PREDICTION.39
7.4 CAPACITY UTILIZATION FACTOR40
7.5 PERFORMANCE RATIO....40
7.6 DEGRADATION.40
CHAPTER 8: FINANCIAL ANALYSIS AND FEASIBILITY STUDIES41
8.1 FINANCIAL INCENTIVES41
8.2 RESULTS OF FINANCIAL ANALYSIS41
CHAPTER 9: CONSTRUCTION OF PROJECT AND OPERATION & MAINTENANCE.43
9.1 STARTUP REQUIREMENTS.43
9.2 OPERATION & MAINTENANCE.43
CHAPTER 10: PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION45
CHAPTER 11: RISK ANALYSIS46
CHAPTER 12: POWER PURCHASE ARRANGEMENTS& REGULATORY FRAMEWORK..48
12.1 JAWAHARLAL NEHRU NATIONAL SOLAR MISSION...48
12.2 REGULATORY FRAMEWORK FOR SOLAR POWER PROJECTS..48
12.3 PERFORMANCE OF JNNSM PHASE I.49
12.4 JNNSM PHASE II.49
CONCLUSION..50
TABLES
ATABLE
NNEXURES
1: SALIENT FEATURES OF THE
ANNEXURES
PROJECT......................................................................................................................................................7
TABLE 2: SOLAR RPO OBLIGATIONS SET BY RESPECTIVE

SERCS..........................................................................................................................................................10
TABLE 3: TOTAL INSTALLED CAPACITY OF SOLAR PROJECTS IN INDIA

.....................................................................................................................................................................12
TABLE 4: PROJECT LOCATION

DETAILS....................................................................................................................................................17
TABLE 5: AVERAGE WIND SPEED AT THE

SITE............................................................................................................................................................22
TABLE 6: IRRADIATION DATA FOR PROJECT

SITE............................................................................................................................................................28
TABLE 7: MODULE
SPECIFICATIONS....................................................................................................................................31
TABLE 8: INVERTER
SPECIFICATIONS....................................................................................................................................33
TABLE 9: DESCRIPTION OF
LOSSES.....................................................................................................................................................38
TABLE 10: ENERGY YIELD

PREDICTION...........................................................................................................................................39
TABLE 11: FINANCIAL

ASSUMPTIONS.......................................................................................................................................41
TABLE 12: KEY FINANCIAL

INDICATORS..........................................................................................................................................42
TABLE 13: PERFORMANCE OF JNNSM PHASE 1 ...........................................................................49
FIGURES
ANNEXURES
1. ENERGY SIMULATION REPORT
2. TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS OF PV MODULES AND INVERTERS
3. PLANT LAYOUT
4. SINGLE LINE DIAGRAM

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
This report presents the Techno-Commercial feasibility for developing a 50x2 kWp Rooftop Solar
Photovoltaic (PV) Power Plant (the Project) at Agra, Uttar Pradesh by Dayalbagh Educational Institute
(DEI).
The report presents the technology, design, indicative plant layout, energy yield analysis, financial
analysis and requirements for development and implementation of the project. The salient features of
the project are given below:
Parameters Details
Latitude: 27.23o N, Longitude: 78.01 E

Project Co-ordinates
Elevation: 171 meters above Mean Sea level
Mean Temperature: 26 o, Mean Wind Speed: 2.6 m/s
Climate
Annual Rainfall: 724.8 mm
Installed PV Array Capacity 50x2 kWp
PV Technology Poly Crystalline
Module Capacity 315 Wp
No. of Modules 160x2
Solar Inverter Capacity 50kWp Hybrid Inverter
Number of Inverters 2
Solar Insolation 4.90 kWh/m2/day on Horizontal Plane
Total Energy Generation 73572 & 71650 kWh/Year (for Dairy & tannery resp.)
Specific Generation 1460 & 1422 kWh/kWp/Year (for Dairy & tannery resp.)
Dayalbagh Educational Institute 6|Page

The total project cost including photovoltaic panels, balance of the system, civil works and other
general works etc is estimated as Rs. 98.169 lakhs.
Total Cost of 50kW dairy Total Cost of 50kW dairy

Particulars (Lakhs) (Lakhs)
Plant & Machinery Cost 45,51,550 45,51,550
Civil and General Works 3,56,900 3,56,900
Total Cost(Inclusive of Taxes) 49,08,450 49,08,450
Total Cost of both plants 98,16,900
Table 1: Salient Features of the Project

CHAPTER ONE : INTRODUCTION TO INDIAS ENERGY SECTOR
The total installed power generation capacity of India stands at 274 GW as on 16th August, 20151 with
both renewable and non-renewable sources contributing to it. While the countrys installed capacity
has more than doubled in the last eight years, India still faces a significant gap in power demand &
supply. There was an average power shortage of 3.4% and peak power shortage of 3.7 % during FY
2014-15 with outages of more than 30 GW each day. Analysts say the data doesnt capture the real
demand, ascribing the lower deficit to the unwillingness of state electricity boards (SEBs) to buy
enough power.
Though India is worlds 3rd largest electricity producer, its per capita power sector consumption of
940 kilo watt-hour (kWh) is among the lowest in the world. In comparison, China has a per capita
consumption of 4,000 kWh, with the developed countries averaging around 15,000 kWh of per capita
consumption. While the overall generation in the country increased at an impressive rate of 8.43%
from 967.150 BU (Billion Units) during 2013-14 to 1048.673 BU (Billion Units) during the year 2014-
15, McKinsey claims that this growth rate might not be enough in the future. According to McKinsey,
India's demand for electricity may cross 300 GW earlier than what most estimates suggest. They point
out the following reasons for it:
India's manufacturing sector is likely to grow faster than in the past.

Domestic demand will increase more rapidly as the quality of life for more Indians improve.
About 1, 25,000 villages are likely to get connected to India's electricity grid.
Blackouts and load shedding artificially suppresses demand; this demand will be sought as
revenue potential by power distribution companies.
A demand of 300 GW will require about 450 GW of installed capacity. The extra capacity is
necessary to account for plant availability, infrastructure maintenance, spinning reserve and
transmission and distribution losses.
Major economic and social drivers for India's push for electricity generation include India's
goal to provide universal access, the need to replace current highly polluting energy sources in
use in India with cleaner energy sources, a rapidly growing economy, increasing household
incomes, limited domestic reserves of fossil fuels and the adverse impact on the environment of
rapid development in urban and regional areas. In order to achieve high economic growth rate
of the order of 8-9%, power generation capacity has to double in next 8 -10 years.

1: According to Ministry of Power as on 16th August, 2015
Installed Power Capacity by Sector in MWs2
300,000
274,818
250,000
200,000
167,208
150,000
100,000
50,000 41,997 35,777

23,062
5,780 7,565
0
Coal Gas Hydro Nuclear Renewable Solar Total
Figure 1: INSTALLED GENERATION CAPACITY IN INDIA
It is evident from the above table that out of total power generation capacity of 274 GW, Non-
Conventional Renewable Energy Sources including Wind, Small Hydro, Solar, and Biomass etc.
contribute about 15.8% (Approx. 43.34 GW). In terms of electrical energy produced, the present share
of Renewable Energy Sources in total electricity generation stands at about 6%.
Among the various renewable energy resources in the country, solar energy is the most promising.
India is endowed with vast solar energy potential and receives one of the highest global solar
irradiance of close to 5,000 trillion kWh per year with most parts receiving 4-7 kWh per m2 per day. In
most parts of India, clear sunny weather is experienced 250 to 300 days a year and annual radiation
varies from 1600 to 2200 kWh/m2, which is comparable with radiation received in the tropical and
sub-tropical regions.
As per National Tariff Policy 2011, Solar RPO was notified to be 0.25% for 2012-13 and has to reach
3% by 2022. Considering the total energy requirement of India, this Solar RPO compliance needs
about 34,000 MW solar plant installations by 2022. In line with the National Tariff Policy and
National Solar Mission various State Electricity Regulatory Commissions (SERCs) have notified their
respective Solar RPOs. It is heartening to see states like Punjab, Madhya Pradesh, Haryana and Andhra

Pradesh take serious measures to fulfill these RPO obligations. The Project under Consideration is
one such measure taken by Haryana Government to buy solar power and fulfill its RPO obligations.
2: According to Ministry of Power as on 16th August, 2015
State wise RPO targets as issued by the respective SERCs are given below:
States 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19 2019-20 2020-21 2021-22
Andhra Pradesh 0.25% 0.25% 0.25% 0.25% 0.25% 0.25%
Arunachal Pradesh No regulation issued for RPO by the Power Department
Assam 0.10% 0.15% 0.20% 0.25%
Bihar 0.25% 0.25% 0.50% 0.75% 1.00% 1.25% 1.50% 1.75% 2.00% 2.50% 3.00%
Chhattisgarh 0.25% 0.50%
Delhi 0.10% 0.15% 0.20% 0.25% 0.30% 0.35%
JERC (Goa & UT) 0.30% 0.40%
Gujarat 0.50% 1.00%
Haryana 0.00% 0.05% 0.75%
Himachal Pradesh 0.01% 0.25% 0.25% 0.25% 0.25% 0.25% 0.50% 0.75% 1.00% 2.00% 3.00%
Jammu and Kashmir 0.10% 0.25%
Jharkhand 0.50% 1.00%
Karnataka 0.25%
Kerala 0.25% 0.25% 0.25% 0.25% 0.25% 0.25% 0.25% 0.25% 0.25% 0.25% 0.25%
Madhya Pradesh 0.40% 0.60% 0.80% 1.00%
Maharashtra 0.25% 0.25% 0.50% 0.50% 0.50%
Manipur 0.25% 0.25%
Mizoram 0.25% 0.25%
Meghalaya 0.30% 0.40%
Nagaland 0.25% 0.25%
Orissa 0.10% 0.15% 0.20% 0.25% 0.30%
Punjab 0.03% 0.07% 0.13% 0.19%
Rajasthan 0.50% 0.75% 1.00%
Sikkim No regulation issued for RPO by the Power Department
Tamil Nadu 0.05%
Tripura 0.10% 0.10%
Uttarakhand 0.03% 0.05%
Uttar Pradesh 0.50% 1.00%
West Bengal 0.25% 0.30% 0.40% 0.50% 0.60%
Table 2: Solar RPO Obligations Set By Respective SERCs
Dayalbagh Educational Institute 10 | P a g e

Introduction to Jawaharlal Nehru National Solar Mission (JNNSM)
Jawaharlal Nehru National Solar Mission (JNNSM) is a major initiative of the Government of India
and State Governments to promote ecologically sustainable growth while addressing India's energy
security challenge. It will also constitute a major contribution by India to the global effort to meet the
challenges of climate change.
JNNSM was launched in 2010 by the then Honorable Prime Minister Dr. Manmohan Singh, with the
following objectives:
To create an enabling policy framework for the deployment of 20,000 MW of solar power by
2022.
To ramp up capacity of grid-connected solar power generation to 1000 MW within three years
by 2013; an additional 3000 MW by 2017 through the mandatory use of the renewable
purchase obligation by utilities backed with a preferential tariff. This capacity can be more
than doubled reaching 10,000MW installed power by 2017 or more, based on the enhanced
and enabled international finance and technology transfer. The ambitious target for 2022 of
20,000 MW or more, will be dependent on the learning of the first two phases, which if
successful, could lead to conditions of grid-competitive solar power. The transition could be
appropriately up scaled, based on availability of international finance and technology.
To create favorable conditions for solar manufacturing capability, particularly solar thermal for
indigenous production and market leadership.
To promote programs for off grid applications, reaching 1000 MW by 2017 and 2000 MW by
2022
To achieve 15 Billion sq. meters solar thermal collector area by 2017 and 20 billion by 2022.
To deploy 20 Billion solar lighting systems for rural areas by 2022.
In launching Indias National Action Plan on Climate Change on June 30, 2008, the Prime Minister of
India, Dr. Manmohan Singh stated:
Our vision is to make Indias economic development energy-efficient. Over a period of time, we must
pioneer a graduated shift from economic activity based on fossil fuels to one based on non-fossil fuels
and from reliance on non-renewable and depleting sources of energy to renewable sources of energy.
In this strategy, the sun occupies center-stage, as it should, being literally the original source of all
energy. We will pool our scientific, technical and managerial talents, with sufficient financial
resources, to develop solar energy as a source of abundant energy to power our economy and to
transform the lives of our people. Our success in this endeavor will change the face of India. It would
also enable India to help change the destinies of people around the world.
In parallel to JNNSM various state governments have also launched their solar policies to attract
investment for additional solar power generation. As a result of the combined efforts, the total installed
capacity of solar power projects as on 31th May 2016 stands at 7565 MW.

Year Total Installed capacity (in MWs)
2010 161
2011 461
2012 1,205
2013 2,319
Mar-14 2,632
Till May-16 7,565
Table 3: Total Installed Capacity of Solar Projects in India
Looking at the euphoria surrounding Indias Solar Sector and the response the government received
during RE- Invest 2015, the Union Cabinet chaired by Honorable Prime Minister Shri Narendra Modi,
has given its approval to ramp up Indias solar power capacity target under the National Solar Mission
by five times, to achieve 100 GW by 2022.
The target has for now been split into 40 GW Rooftop and 60 GW through Large and Medium Scale
Grid Connected Solar Power Projects, and is expected to entail an investment of 6000 billion (~$100
billion).

CHAPTER Two: INTRODUCTION TO PV PLANT AND PROJECT DEVELOPER
2.1 Plant Overview
Exploding at the seams with building, investment and trade, India can hardly keep up with itself. This
energy-guzzling congestion will only become worse as India prepares to take on the global economic
giants. Not to forget the billions in Indias villages without access to power. As on 31st August 2014, a
total of 32,227 villages of India are yet to be provided with electricity access. Though, the Rural
Electrification Program has taken the wires to the villages, but energy flows have remained meager.
Power supply to the villages will not improve until overall shortages are eliminated. And, given the
scale of shortage, even the fastest route will stretch beyond the short term.
With a huge gap in our target and present generation capacity there lays a great potential for setting up
a solar power project. The project will contribute in various socio economic benefits such as:
Increase in economic activity through capital investment in Renewable Power Sector.

Direct and Indirect employment generation.
To help in mitigation of demand and supply gap of electricity in the country.
Sustainable Development, being a clean source of energy with no adverse impact on the
environment.
Solar power shall augment the peak power needs.
Increase the grid reliability i.e., voltage and frequency.
Solar Powered Grid Connected Plants can act as tail end energizers, which in turn reduces the
transmission and distribution losses.
Provides a potential revenue source in a diverse energy portfolio.
Assists in meeting renewable portfolio standards goals.
Keeping these in mind, Dayalbagh Educational Institute is setting up a 50x2 kWp Solar Power Plant at
Agra, Uttar Pradesh. The project will be set up with 100% polycrystalline Solar PV Modules facing
different orientations tilted at a fixed tilt angle of 17 Degree parallel to the horizontal plane. The total

of 160 modules, each with a capacity of 315 Wp will be used to set up the plant. The plant will come
up on rooftop of the Dayalbagh Educational Institute in Agra.
Solar PV modules are designed for optimum performance under standard test conditions (STC). For
any site climatic conditions, the modules are likely to slightly underperform due to various losses at
the ground level such as loss due to negative temperature coefficient, soiling, inter row shading, IAM
and low irradiance. Keeping this in mind, a simulation was run taking into account the actual site
parameters and the generation report for the same has been created. (Annexure 1)

2.2 Dayalbagh Educational Institute
Dayalbagh Educational Institute or DEI is an education institute located at Dayalbagh in city of Taj
Mahal, Agra. The institute has been given deemed university status by the University Grants
Commission of india in 1981.
History
Founded as a primary school in 1917, and becoming a technical college in 1927 for training in
automobile, electrical and mechanical engineering, it later developed into a Deemed University. Prof.
M. B. Lal Sahab, a former Vice Chancellor of the Lucknow University, founded this institution and
was also the first director of DEI.
The foundation of DEI goes back to 1917, with the foundation of Radhasoami Educational Institute.
Soon after Dayalbagh was founded in 1915, the Radhasoami Satsang Sabha started the Radhasoami
Educational Institute, as a co-educational Middle School, open to all, on 1 January 1917 administered
by a Managing Committee registered under the Societies Registration Act XXI of 1860. The institute
got divided and also spawned new institutions. Within six months, it was raised to the level of a High
School; Intermediate classes were started in 1922; it became a Degree College in 1947, with the
introduction of B.Com. classes affiliated to Agra University; B.Ed. (B.T.) classes were added in 1951
and the first batch of B.Sc. students was sent up for the final examination in 1955.
A Technical School, which later developed into a College, was started in 1927 for imparting training in
automobile, electrical and mechanical engineering, leading to the award of diploma in the concerned
branch of the Board of Technical Education, U.P. The Leather Working School, started in 1930, gives
instructions in both theory and practice for manufacture of leather goods.
To further the cause of women's education, Prem Vidyalaya was started in 1930. It is now an
Intermediate College. The Women's Training College was established in 1947 for B.A. and B.Ed.
classes. M.Ed. classes were added in 1958, MA in Psychology, English and Hindi in 1969 and M.A.
(Music) in 1976. Engineering College, affiliated to Agra University, for the degree of B.Sc.
(Engineering), was the latest (1950) addition to the chain of educational institutions in Dayalbagh.
Dayalbagh Educational Institute was registered as a body in 1973, which integrated and brought under
one umbrella all the educational institutions of Dayalbagh, including the School of Comparative Study
of Religion, the School of Languages and the School of Art and Culture.
In 1981 the Ministry of Education, Government of India, conferred the status of an institution deemed
to be a University on the Dayalbagh Educational Institute, to implement the new program of
undergraduate studies.

In 2002, Professor Sant Saran Bhojwani, a plant embryologist and plant tissue culturist, took over as
the Director of DEI.
Prof V.G. Das took over as the Director of the Institution after Prof. Bhojwani's retirement in 2005. He
had his education in Dayalbagh since 1956. He did his B.Sc. Engg. in 1965 from Agra University,
ranking I in Electrical Engineering; obtained M.Tech. degree in the same branch of engineering from
IIT Kanpur in 1970 and Ph.D. degree from IIT Delhi in 1978.
Faculties
Faculty of Engineering
Technical College
Faculty of Science
Faculty of Commerce
Faculty of Social Sciences
Faculty of Education
Faculty of Arts

CHAPTER THREE : SITE OVERVIEW
The Project site lies around the coordinates 27.23oN and 78.01oE and at an altitude of approximately
171 meters above mean sea level.
District State
Agra Uttar Pradesh
Table 4: Project location Details
The figures below illustrate the location and access of the site:
F IGURE 1: SITE 1: TANNERY

FIGURE 2: SITE 2 - DAIRY

CHAPTER FOUR: SITE DESCRIPTION
4.1 Access to the site
The proposed Solar PV plant will come up in Agra district of the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. The site
has all basic infrastructure required for construction of the project including access to the roof.
4.2 Infrastructure
The rooftop on which the plant will be developed is robust and has been developed by Kirbi. While
50kW will be installed on Trapezoidal Sheets rest of the 50 kW will be done on plane RCC roof. The
rooftop is shadow free. The power generated will be consumed by the institute itself..
4.3 Horizon Shading
Horizon shading is caused by land topography and objects located at a substantial distance (eg.
Mountains etc). The site has no mountains in the vicinity and therefore horizon shading is expected to
be negligible.
Figure 3: Azimuth vs. Solar height

4.4 Near Shading
Installation of PV Arrays in areas of potential shading is generally avoided as shading leads to reduced
performance. The site does not have any large nearby structures such as buildings that may shade it.
Nearby shrubs and trees may be removed during site preparation works.

CHAPTER 5 : ON SITE CLIMATE CONDITIONS
5.1 WIND Speed
For wind loading analysis and design strength of mounting structure the wind zone map illustrated
below is used, which indicates that the site is in a High damage risk zone (Zone III) having a
maximum wind speed between 44 to 47m/s.
Figure 4: Wind Zone Map of India

NASA monthly average wind speed data at project site is shown in Table below:
Wind Speed Data at Project Site

Month Wind Speed (m/sec)
January 2.170
February 2.46
March 2.64
April 3.02
May 3.29
June 3.44
July 2.89
August 2.44
September 2.33
October 1.75
November 1.54
December 1.90
Average 2.48
Table 5: Average Wind Speed at the Site
Wind Speed (m/sec)

4
3.5
3
2.5
2
1.5
1 Wind Speed
(m/sec)
0.5
0

5.2 PRECIPITATION
General rain fall map of India shown below indicates that project site fall under moderate rainfall zone.
Project site is expected to witness long dry & hot periods at the same time during monsoon, also there
can be moderate downpour.
Figure 5: Annual Rainfall Map of India
Monthly Average Precipitation (mm/Day)
9
8 7.19 7.77
7
Precipitation
6
5 4.54
4 3.05
3 2.26
2 0.86 0.94
1 0.53 0.77 0.5 0.42 0.11 0.31
0
Month


5.3 TEMPERATURE
Temperature is one of the most critical site parameter because it contributes to highest system loss due
to negative temp co-efficient of module output. As per Temperature map given below project site falls
under third highest average temperature zone. This indicates medium temperature losses.
Figure 6: India Average Temperature Map

Month wise average temperature values (22 year average) using Meteonorm are shown in figure
below. With average temperature of 25.8 C, temperature during summers can reach up to 46 C and
cause temperature losses.
Figure 7: Monthly variation in temperature

5.4 Solar Resource Potential
General Solar irradiation map of India is shown below which indicates that project site falls under
medium radiation zone. From solar irradiation point of view this is a good site for installation.
Figure 8: Solar Energy Map
The annual energy yield of a PV plant is dependent on the solar resource of the site. There are a variety
of possible solar irradiation data sources that may be accessed. The datasets either make use of ground-
based measurements at well-controlled meteorological stations or use processed satellite imagery.
We have sourced data from NASA SSE. NASA Surface meteorology and Solar Energy (SSE) is a
global database, contains parameter values obtained from satellite observations at extra-terrestrial
level. These data include long-term estimates of meteorological quantities and surface solar energy
fluxes. These satellite and modeled based products have been shown to be accurate enough to provide
reliable solar and meteorological resource data over regions where surface measurements are sparse or
nonexistent, and offer two unique features - the data is global and, in general, contiguous in time.
Release 6.0 extends the temporal coverage of the solar and meteorological data from 10 years to more
than 22 years.

NASA SSE
Month (kWh/m2/day)
January 3.67
February 4.68
March 5.59
April 6.08
May 6.36
June 6.01
July 4.96
August 4.54
September 4.75
October 4.73
November 4.03
December 3.49
Annual 4.90
Table 6: Irradiation Data for Project Site

Solar Radiation - Horizontal (kWh/m/d)

7
6
5
4
3
Irradiance
2
1
0
Figure 9: Solar Irradiation Data for the Project Site

CHAPTER 6 : PV TECHNOLOGY & PLANT DESIGNS
This section describes the main components of the proposed Solar PV plant and the parameters that
have been selected for the designing of the plant. The main components include Solar PV modules,
Inverters, Mounting Structure, Junction Boxes, Monitoring and Data acquisition system.
6.1 PV Module
Technically, PV modules can be broadly divided into two main categories: Crystalline Silicon and
Thin Film.
Crystalline silicon (c-Si) modules use cells of either mono-crystalline or multi crystalline silicon. The
cells are manufactured by cutting wafers from a solid ingot block of material. Key Features of
Crystalline technology are:
Crystalline technologies are commercially proven and have a track record of over 25 years in
operation.
Market Share of 78%
Conversion Eff. from 12% to 20%
High Temp. Co-Efficient
Stable linear degradation
Robust framed module
Less land area requirement
Thin film modules are made with a thin film deposition of semi-conductor onto a substrate. Although
relatively new compared to crystalline technologies, some Thin Film technologies are being
increasingly used in large scale installations. Thin film modules include semi-conductors made from
amorphous silicon (a-Si), Cadmium Telluride (Cd Te) and Copper Indium Gallium di-Selenide
(CIGS). Key features of thin film technology are:
Market Track record of 7-8 years

Market Share of 22%
Conversion Eff. 6 12%
Lesser temp. Co-efficient making it suitable for high temp. regions
Unstable degradation
Comparatively Fragile frameless modules
More land area requirement

For the project under consideration, Poly Crystalline technology will be used due to the following
reasons:
25 years proven track record reduces performance risk.

Linear degradation also reduces the cash flow uncertainty.
Cracking of glass over longer periods in thin film modules increases O&M cost.
Project Site does not fall in the very high temperature region.
Availability of crystalline modules is more in Indian markets.
Plant design and analysis has been performed considering Navitas NS315 Module with power rating
315 Wp. Technical specifications of the module are given below:
Make & Model Navitas NS 315
Max. Power (PMAX at STC) 315 W
Max. Power Voltage (VMPP) 36.5 V
Max. Power Current (IMPP) 8.64 A
Open Circuit Voltage (Voc) 45.0 V
Short Circuit Current (ISc) 9.1 A
Module Efficiency 16.25%
Temp. Co-efficient of Voc 0.34%/oC
Power Tolerance 0 ~ +4.99W
Length (mm) 1954
Width (mm) 980
Thickness(mm) 40
Weight (kg) 22 Kg
Table 7: Module Specifications
Module manufacturer is a well-established market player with total production capacity of around 1
GW per year. Navitas solar till date has 12 GW installations across the world. They have accreditations
like IEC 61215, IEC 61730-1&2, IEC 61701, IEC 62804, and fire rating ISO 9001, 14001, 18001 and
completely satisfy the technical eligibility criteria set out by MNRE.

Technical specifications of the selected modules can be considered suitable for the conditions
encountered at the site. Key features of module are:
Higher energy yield, faster ROI
- Positive power tolerance up to 4.99W
- Outstanding performance at low irradiance
- Maximum energy yield at low NOCT
Increased system reliability, secured investment
- Long term system reliability with IP 67 Junction Box
- Robust frame to hold 5400 Pa load
- Salt Mist, ammonia and blowing sand resistance, apply to seaside, farm and desert environment.
- PID resistant.
Extra value to customers, more benefits
- A global bankable brand, top ranking amongst module manufacturers by industry analysts.
- Dedicated customer support teams are staffed by technical support engineers and after-sale customer
service representatives.
- Anti-glare project evaluation (e.g. Airport installations)
- 25 Year linear performance warranty
6.2 Inverter
The Inverters for this project will be sourced from a renowned manufacturer of Solar Inverters Statcon
HBD-240-050K-3P-050M1-11-Cxx, which has been used in multiple projects in India in the recent
past as well. Total installed capacity of Statcon String inverters in India is now more than 23 MW. The
inverters come with following features:
Modular approach guarantees increased conversion efficiency

Longer expected lifetime
Optimized Cooling Fan for Higher Energy Savings as well as Longer Fan Life
Designed Lifetime up to 25 years - With Preventive Maintenance and Periodic Parts
Replacement
Life Cycle Service Support through Statcon's Service Centers

A snapshot of the technical specifications of the inverters proposed has been illustrated in the table
below:
Model Type HBD-240-050K-3P-050M1-11-Cxx
MAX PV power 55 kW
MPPT Operating Range 330 V 515 V
MAX Input Voltage DC 620 V
MAX Input Current DC 151 A
Access Interface RS 485
Numbers MPP Trackers DC 1
Nominal AC Power 50 kW
Nominal Output Voltage (AC) 415 V
Nominal output current (AC) 71 A
Own consumption in operation <2W
Numbers feed-in phases 3
Power factor 0.80 Lag to Unity
Current format Sinus
Max Efficiency >90%
Max Euro efficiency 95%
Enclosure IP 21
Table 8: Inverter Specifications

6.3 Batteries
An electric battery is a device consisting of one or more electrochemical cells with external
connections provided to power electrical devices.
There are two types of batteries:
Primary
Secondary
Secondary batteries, also known as secondary cells, or rechargeable batteries must be charged before
first use; they are usually assembled with active materials in the discharged state. Rechargeable
batteries are (re)charged by applying electric current, which reverses the chemical reactions that occur
during discharge/use. The oldest form of rechargeable battery is the leadacid battery.
Tubular battery is a type of LA battery, with tube shaped positive electrode. Tubular batteries
universally are stronger batteries. They last longer, store large amounts of energy and they have a
greater run time which is why they are also called deep cycle batteries.
Use of SAN containers for batteries makes it easy for maintenance as level of DM water is clearly
visible. SAN stands for Styrene acrylonitrile. SAN resin is a copolymer plastic consisting of styrene
and acrylonitrile. It is also known as SAN. It is widely used in place of polystyrene owing to its greater
thermal resistance. The chains of the polymer show alternating repeat units of styrene and acrylonitrile,
and it is a copolymer.
The relative composition is typically between 70 and 80% by weight styrene and 20 to 30%
acrylonitrile. Larger acrylonitrile content improves mechanical properties and chemical resistance, but
also adds a yellow tint to the normally transparent plastic.
SAN is similar in use to polystyrene. Like polystyrene itself, it is optically transparent and brittle in
mechanical behavior. The copolymer has a glass transition temperature greater than 100 C owing to
the acrylonitrile units in the chain, thus making the material resistant to boiling water. Uses include
food containers, kitchenware, computer products, packaging material, battery cases and plastic optical
fibers.
Battery Make: Exide
Technical Characteristics
Positive Electrode: Tubular plate with low antimony lead

alloy.
Negative Electrode: Pasted grid plate.
Separator: Micro porous ribbed polymer separator.
Electrolyte: Diluted sulphuric acid 1.24 kg/lt @ 200 C
Container: High impact, transparent SAN with electrolyte
level marks Max/Min

Vent plug: Splash proof ceramic filter plugs for flame arresting and easy gassing
Terminals: Leak proof pole with brass insert
Connectors: Bolt-on type copper connector
Battery specs:
Long service life: 20 years at 200 C

Cycle life: 1500 cycles at 80%DOD
Self-discharge: < 3% per month at 200 C
Recommended operating
Temperature range: 00 C to +550 C (preferred is 200 C)
Float Voltage: 2.23 Volts per cell
Boost Voltage: 2.4 Volts per cell
Battery Features:
1. Low gassing and minimum maintenance due to low antimony alloy
2. Low self-discharge rate
3. Transparent Container - maintenance becomes easy
4. High pressure die-cast tubular positive plates for long life
5. Large electrolyte reserve for extended water topping up intervals
6. Deep discharge capability
7. Excellent cycle life for regular charge/discharge operations
8. Insulated Copper connectors for safety operation
9. Dry charged cells (offered optional) - can be stored for prolonged periods
System specs:
System Voltage: 240V

Cell voltage: 2 V
System Current: 700 Ah
Number of cells: 120

6.4 Mounting Structure
Rail Based Module mounting system will be installed parallel to the rooftop shed of tannery and dairy
whereas ballast mounted GI structure will be used on the flat cement roof. According to India wind
zone map provided in Chapter 5, the Project lies in high damage risk zone with maximum wind speed
in the range of 44 to 47 m/s. Strength of mounting structure shall be designed to withstand upper limit
of the wind speed range. In the case of shed, Structure has been so designed that modules can be
placed parallel to the roof thereby reducing the wind load on the structures while on the flat cement
roof, the tilt of structure will be 27.
Key design parameters for mounting structure are:
Aluminum Structures will be used for longevity and reducing the dead weight on the shed
Al/GI structure will be used on flat cement roof
All Fasteners and bolts shall be stainless steel
Module clamps shall be made of Aluminum
6.5 Balance of Parts- Electrical Design
String Combiner Boxes

Wiring
Earthing Material
Lighting Arrestors
6.6 Other Plant Component
PV power plant shall also consist of:

Fire & Safety Devices
Earthing of all electrical components
Inverter Room & Ventilation System
Weather Monitoring System
6.7 Monitoring & Data acquisition
The power plant will incorporate a communication system to monitor the output of each inverter so
that system faults can be detected and rectified before they have an appreciable effect on production. In
addition to web based internet portal solution, the monitoring system will have local display showing
instantaneous and cumulative energy produced.

CHAPTER 7: ENERGY YIELD STUDY
Energy yield have been predicted for the Project using the basic design and indicative layout as
described in the previous section. Below are the steps used for yield prediction:-
Sourced average monthly horizontal irradiation, wind speed and temperature data from a
globally accepted and renowned data from NASA-SSE.
Calculated the global incident radiation on the collector plane, taking shading into account.
Calculated the losses, using details of the inverter specifications, PV module specifications, PV
module characteristics, on-site conditions and plot layout.
Applied downtime losses, ohmic losses, module degradation and transformer losses to obtain
an energy yield that reflects a twenty-five year plant life.
Steps 2 and 3 are facilitated using industry standard photovoltaic simulation software, PVSYST which
simulates the energy yield using hourly time steps. The software takes as input detailed specifications
of:
The solar PV modules

The inverter
Electrical configuration including number of modules in series and parallel.
7.1 Radiation in the Plane of Module
The annual global irradiation incident on the collector plane of the modules has been maximized by
optimizing the tilt angle by running simulations at different tilt angles and selecting the tilt at which
the maximum global incident irradiation is achieved. Leading PV modeling software (PVSYST) has
been used to calculate the incident global irradiation on tilted collector plane from irradiation in the
horizontal plane.
7.2 Corrections and Losses
Data obtained for irradiation on collector plane, PV module and inverter specifications and plant
configuration are input into the PV modeling software to calculate DC energy generated from the
modules in hourly time steps throughout the year. This direct current is converted to AC in the
inverter.
A number of losses occur during the process of converting irradiated solar energy into AC electricity
fed into the grid. The losses may be described as a yield loss factor. They are calculated within the PV
modeling software, calculated from the cable dimensions and from information gathered during the
site visit. Others are nominal figures applied from knowledge of performance of solar PV plants.

Description of Losses
Three types of shading losses are considered in the PV energy yield model:
Shading horizon shading, shading between rows of modules and near shading due to
trees and buildings.
The incidence angle loss accounts for losses in radiation penetrating the
Incident Angle front glass of the PV modules due to angles of incidence other than
perpendicular.
The conversion efficiency of a PV module reduces at low light

Low Irradiance
intensities.
The characteristics of a PV module are determined at standard temperature

Module Temp. conditions of 25C. For every C temperature rise above this, module
efficiency reduces according to their temperature coefficient.
Soiling Losses due to dust and bird droppings; soiling the module.
Most PV modules do not match exactly the manufacturers nominal

specifications. Modules are sold with a nominal peak power and a given
Module Quality
tolerance within which the actual power is guaranteed to lie.
Losses due to "mismatch" are related to the fact that the real modules in an
Module Mismatch array do not all rigorously present the same current/voltage profiles: there is
a statistical variation between them
Electrical resistance in wires between the power available at the modules

DC Wire Resistance
and at the terminals of the array gives rise to ohmic losses(IR).
Inverters convert from DC into AC with a certain specified maximum

Inverter Performance efficiency. Depending on the inverter load, they will not always operate at
maximum efficiency.
This includes transformer performance (MV/HV) and ohmic losses in the

AC Losses
cable leading to substation.
Downtime depends on the grid availability, diagnostic response time, stock

Downtime
of spare equipment and the repair response time.
Degradation The performance of a PV module decreases with time.
The inverters are constantly seeking the maximum power point (MPP) of
MPP Tracking the array by shifting inverter voltage to the maximum power point voltage.
Different inverters do this with varying efficiency.
Table 9: Description of Losses

7.3 Energy Yield Prediction
Table given below summarizes the results of energy yield simulation:
Solar Modules Dairy (50.4) Tannery (50.4)

Tilt 27 Degree 17 Degree
Module Efficiency 16.25 % 16.25%
Total Number of Modules 160 160
Total Module Area (m2) 310 310
Solar Resource
Annual Global Horizontal Irradiation (kWh/m2) 1791 1791
2
Global Irradiation on Collector Plane (kWh/m ) 2014 2014
Site Resource Available (kWh/Year) 73,579 71,650
Energy Yield at Modules without losses (MWh) 101.00 98.97
Losses
Shading Loss 0.00% 0.00%
IAM Loss(%) 2.5 2.8
Eff. Irradiance at Collector (kWh/m2) 1907 1907
Array Nominal Energy at STC (MWh) 96.18 93.9
Low Irradiance (%) 0.0 0.0
Module Temperature(%) 11.3 11.2
Soiling(%) 3.0 3.0
Module Quality(%) 0.4 0.4
Module Mismatch(%) 3.0 3.0
DC Ohmic (%) 5.0 5.6
Inverter Performance (%) 4.1 4.1
Yield Numbers
First Year Energy Yield at Inverter Output (MWh) 73.92 72
Specific Yield at Inverter Output(kWh/kWp) 1460 1422
AC Losses 0.5 0.5%
Transformation 0.00 0.00%
First Year Energy available to Grid (MWh) 73.57 71.7
Performance Ratio 72.45 72.04 %
Table 10: Energy Yield Prediction

7.4 Capacity Utilization Factor
The Capacity Utilization Factor (CUF) also known as Plant Load Factor (PLF) of a PV power plant
(usually expressed as a percentage) is the ratio of the actual output over the period of a year and its
output if it had operated at nominal power the entire year, as described in the formula below.
The CUF of the proposed plant on dairy roof is computed to be 16.66%.
The CUF of the proposed plant on tannery roof is computed to be 16.22%.
7.5 Performance ratio
The quality of a PV power plant may be described by its Performance Ratio (PR). The PR, usually
expressed as a percentage, can be used to compare PV systems independent of size and solar resource.
The PR may be expressed as
The PR for the PV plant on dairy roof is computed to be 72.45%
The PR for the PV plant on dairy roof is computed to be 72.04%
7.6 Degradation
Degradation is an inherent property of PV modules with the passage of time effective output of module
gets reduced. This estimate is provided by module supplier at the time of supply. For Navitas solar the
maximum degradation will be 10% in first 10 years and 10% in next 15 years. This will be warranted
by Navitas solar in its Linear Power Degradation policy.

CHAPTER 8 : FINANCIAL ANALYSIS AND FEASIBILITY STUDIES
The total project cost including photovoltaic panels, balance of the system, civil works and other
general works etc is estimated as Rs. 49.08 lakhs.
Total Cost of 50kW dairy Total Cost of 50kW dairy

Particulars (Lakhs) (Lakhs)
Plant & Machinery Cost 45,51,550 45,51,550
Civil and General Works 3,56,900 3,56,900
Total Cost(Inclusive of Taxes) 49,08,450 49,08,450
Total Cost of both plants 98,16,900
Table 11: Financial Assumptions
8.1 Financial Incentives
Solar Power Generation is specifically promoted by Central Govt. as a policy, and Govt. offers
following incentive for solar projects:
Accelerated Depreciation to extent of 80% in the first year which significantly reduces the Tax
Pay out by project developer.
Tax exemption on income from power project under section 80IA of Income Tax Act. This
makes 10 years income from the project as tax free and Project Developer can choose any ten
year slot before completion of 15 years of commercial operation of project. Same has been
accounted in financial calculation.
Excise duty for components to be imported is exempted as per MNRE guidelines. This has
been considered while arriving at project cost.
8.2 Results of Financial Analysis
IRR Internal rate of return is discount rate at which present value of net cash flows over the life of
the project become zero.

Parameter Value Value

Project cost 49.08 49.08
Generation/kW in Ist year 1460 kWh 1422
Total Generation in First
73579 kWh
year 71650 kWh
Tariff (Per Unit) Rs 7.5 Rs 7.5
Power rate escalation 5% per annum 5% per annum
Reduction in power
0.90% 0.90%
generation (Year on Year)
O&M charges 1% 1%
O&M Escalation 4% 4%
Equity IRR 13.90% 13.90%
Payback Period 8 Yrs 8 Yrs
Table 12: Key Financial Indicators

CHAPTER 9: CONSTRUCTION PROJECT AND OPERATION & MAINTENENCE
9.1 Startup Requirements
Fire Fighting & Health Safety System
The solar PV plant shall be equipped with suitable fire protection and fighting systems for entire
construction area and sections as per the NFPA fire safety standards and local fire authority
requirements. Portable type fire extinguishers shall be provided as means of dealing effectively and
immediately with fire caused from oils, solvents, gases, paints, varnishes, electrical wiring and all
flammable liquids and gases. Following type of portable fire extinguishers shall be provided in PV
array area, modular plot control rooms and main control room.
- DCP type fire extinguisher 10kg capacity.
- CO2 operated hand portable extinguisher 9kg Capacity.
- Foam type hand portable extinguisher 9kg capacity.
9.2 Operation & Maintenance
O&M staff required for power project is as below:
Engineers 01
Daily Wages Labor for module cleaning - as per requirement
The energy yield of the plant will be monitored using the remote data acquisition system connected to
each inverter as described in earlier section. Significant reduction in energy yield will trigger specific
maintenance requirements, such as inverter servicing or module replacement. In addition to this, on-
going maintenance of the plant may be required. Typical activities are as described below:
Modules: Visual inspection and replacement of damaged modules will be required at regular intervals.
Cleaning of the module glass surface during long dry periods may be considered. Cleaning may be
conducted using a tucker pole (a long hollow pole with a hose fitting on one end and a soft bristle
brush on the other) or automatic water sprinkling system.
Water: A water storage tank of 15 m3 litres capacity shall be provided to cater for module cleaning and
sanitation. The water tanks shall be capable of providing water for a minimum period of 2 days.

Module Support Structure: Frequent visual inspection for general integrity of the structure,
corrosion, damage and fatigue. All frame connections should be checked for deflections or tears at the
module and cross beams to assess the need for replacement.
Wiring And Junction Boxes: Visual inspection for corrosion, damage by rodents and birds, and for
overheating of cables and connections. This will require the skills of an electrical technician.
Inverters: Inverter maintenance requires the skills of an electrical technician. It involves visual
inspection of the fans, tightening leads and cleaning using a vacuum cleaner or brush.
Safety Devices: Checking connections, functionality of isolators and circuit breakers, and for signs of
overheating.
Spares: Sufficient quantity of spare components must be maintained at site as provided by EPC
contractor under O&M manual.

CHAPTER 10 : PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION
The project implementation from the date of issuing letter of intent to the EPC Contractor is expected
to be done in a time span of 3.5 months, during which detailed engineering, procurement, erection and
commissioning of civil & structural, mechanical and electrical equipment will be executed.
Project developer has already appointed its team of engineers to manage the project implementation
process and to avoid any delays and cost overrun. This team will become responsible for:
Implementation
Co-ordination and arranging for all requisite statutory compliances / consents for project
implementation
Project planning & programming in consultation with the Technical consultant
Co-ordination with the Turnkey project executor for smooth implementation as per the
contractual agreement
Ensuring the terminal points and provide site support services wrt land availability, storage
space availability, utilities, construction power, civil front construction.
Inspection of equipment
Monitoring work progress & generation of reports
Periodic project reviews and interactions
Control over the project cost
Check for proper implementation of the project as per specifications & drawings.
To ensure all statutory compliances required for commissioning of the project.
Assist the Turnkey project Executor in Plant commissioning & stabilization activities.
Performance tests & Trial runs.
On successful of above, take over the plant operations.

CHAPTER 11: RISK ANALYSIS
In this chapter of the report various risks associated with the power project are analyzed, rated and
mitigation measures are suggested.
11.1 Technology Risk
Crystalline module technology is not new to India any more, India till today has more than 7000 MW
installations out of which crystalline technology enjoys a major share. Moreover, it is time tested and
proven in other countries also. There are low chances of non-performance.
In addition module supplier has offered 10 years manufacturing defect warranty & 25 years
performance warranty. Supplier has promised 80% of initial output at the end of 25 years with linear
degradation.
11.2 Project Completion Risk
The project implementation period for a solar power plant of this size normally varies from 3 to 4
months. However, the completion of the power project can get delayed due to the following reasons:
Time consuming statutory clearances

Energy Purchase Agreement
Non availability of local expertise for design & implementation
Long lead time for imported plant & machinery
11.3 Operation & Maintenance (O&M) Risk
Compared to other renewable energy technologies, Solar PV is considerably easy to operate as it does
not involve any moving parts therefore wear & tear is very low. However for the life of the project
trained O&M staff shall be kept at site. For initial few years the EPC Company itself will be hired for
O&M of the plant. To deal with any emergency situation, a standard set of spares will be kept at site.
11.4 Plant Performance Risk
Except for nature, technology and plant components have been designed for better performance.
However following events can lead to poor generation from the project:
Extreme variation in meteorological condition viz. solar insolation, ambient temperature, wind
pattern, rainfall may have an impact on the overall performance / yield from the project.
Natural or manmade calamities.
Abnormal performance of a key plant component.
Engineering Flaw during construction.

The site selection for better performance is backed up by a long term meteorological data and selection
of right type of modules through a scientific assessment ensures the yield / performance to the design.
Project developer shall take cover of a comprehensive insurance plan to fulfill any losses arising out of
natural or manmade calamities.
A defect liability period of one year from the date of commissioning has been kept to care of
engineering & construction error of EPC Company. Any error observed during this period shall be
amended immediately at the cost of EPC Company. Moreover the EPC Company has given a
Generation Guarantee in terms of committed year wise Performance Ratio value considering
degradation of PV module.
11.5 Power Off-take Risk
Plant will be a captive plant and power can be consumed by DEI, Agra itself

CHAPTER 12 : REGULATORY FRAMEWORK
12.1 Jawaharlal Nehru National Solar Mission
The Jawaharlal Nehru National Solar Mission was launched on the 11th January, 2010 by the Prime
Minister. The Mission has recently revamped its objectives of installing 20 GW of solar power by
2022 to 100 GW solar power by 2022 and is aimed at reducing the cost of solar power generation in
the country through:
Long term policy;

Large scale deployment goals;
Aggressive R&D;
Domestic production of critical raw materials
12.2 Regulatory Framework for Solar Power Projects
One of the objectives of the Mission is to create a policy and regulatory environment which provides a
predictable incentive structure that enables rapid and large-scale capital investment in solar energy
applications.
The National Tariff Policy 2006 mandates the State Electricity Regulatory Commissions (SERC) to fix
a minimum percentage of energy purchase from renewable sources of energy taking into account
availability of such resources in the region and its impact on retail tariff.
National Tariff Policy, 2011 mandates that the State electricity regulators fix a percentage for purchase
of solar power. The solar power purchase obligation for States may start with 0.25% in the phase I and
to go up to 3% by 2022.
The Central Electricity Regulatory Commission has issued guidelines for fixing feed-in-tariff for
purchase of solar power taking into account current cost and technology trends. These will be revised
on an annual basis. The CERC has also stipulated that Power Purchase Agreement that utilities will
conclude with solar power promoters, should be for a period of 25 years.
In order to enable rapid scale up of capacity, a scheme is being introduced in cooperation with the
Ministry of Power, the NTPC and the Central Electricity Authority, which would simplify the off-take
of solar power and minimize the financial burden on Government. One of the options is to bundle solar
power along with power out of the cheaper unallocated quota of Central stations and selling this
bundled power to state distribution utilities at the CERC regulated price. This will bring down the gap
between average cost of power and sale price of power. NTPC Vidyut Vyapar Nigam (NVVN) a
wholly owned subsidiary of NTPC has been designated as Nodal Agency by Ministry of Power for
signing PPA with developers

12.3 Performance of JNNSM Phase I
Launch of JNNSM witnesses overwhelming response, In phase one of the mission total 950 MW solar
PV as well as solar thermal power projects were selected in two phases though the process of reverse
bidding. Tariff for power procurement from Solar PV Power Projects which is as below:
Particulars Max. Tariff Min. Tariff Average Tariff
Batch 1 (2010-11) 12.76 10.95 12.12
Batch 2 (2011-12) 9.44 7.49 8.77
Table 13: Performance of JNNSM Phase 1
It is evident that average tariff has seen a reduction of 27.64% between Batch 1 & Batch 2. Mission
has therefore succeeded in meeting its goal of capacity addition as well as tariff reduction due scale.
12.4 JNNSM Phase II
Phase-I was largely based on the option of Bundling Scheme and on GBI option to some extent. In
Phase-II Batch-I of JNNSM, the option of Viability Gap Funding Scheme was selected. In Batch 1
of Phase II, 750 MW Solar PV power projects have been allocated with following conditions:
375 MW with domestic content restriction, 375 MW without restriction.

Fixed 25 year of Tariff 5.45 Rs/kWh without accelerated depreciation benefit and 4.75
Rs./KWh with accelerated depreciation benefit.
Developer will be provided VGF based on his bid with an upper limit of INR 2.5 Cr/MW or
30% of capital cost whichever is lower.
Developer has to put minimum INR 1.5Cr/MW as equity
VGF was to be released in six installments
PPA was signed with SECI
This phase of JNNSM was also a major success and saw participation from various companies
across the globe.

CONCLUSION
Above discussion indicates that environment in India for private investment in Solar Power Sector is
CONCLUSION
conducive. Government of India and State Governments are taking effective steps to make JNNSM a
big success. Recently, Japans Soft Bank has promised an investment of $20 billion in the solar energy
sector of India. Rosneft, the Russian oil major has also promised an investment of $10 billion in this
upcoming sector.
RE- Invest 2015 was one of the biggest events of its kind and saw corporate sector making
commitments of investing close to $250 billion (for 250 GWs of Solar Plants) in the next 7 years.
Looking at all these numbers it can be easily concluded that Indias solar market has become hotter
than ever before. Money is pouring in from all across the globe. The opportunity is bigger than ever
before. Solar is here to stay. Time is right to invest in this booming sector and reap safe, decent and
long term returns.

PVSYST V6.49 28/11/16 Page 1/3
Grid-Connected System: Simulation parameters
Project : 100 kw dayalbagh

Geographical Site Agra Country India
Situation Latitude 27.23 N Longitude 78.01 E
Time defined as Legal Time Time zone UT+5.5 Altitude 163 m
Albedo 0.20
Meteo data: Agra NASA-SSE - Synthetic
Simulation variant : DEI 27 degree dairy

Simulation date 28/11/16 19h38
Simulation parameters
Collector Plane Orientation Tilt 27 Azimuth 5
Models used Transposition Perez Diffuse Perez, Meteonorm
Horizon Free Horizon
Near Shadings No Shadings
PV Array Characteristics
PV module Si-poly Model TSM-315PD14
Original PVsyst database Manufacturer Trina Solar
Number of PV modules In series 10 modules In parallel 16 strings
Total number of PV modules Nb. modules 160 Unit Nom. Power 315 Wp
Array global power Nominal (STC) 50.4 kWp At operating cond. 45.3 kWp (50C)
Array operating characteristics (50C) U mpp 331 V I mpp 137 A
Total area Module area 310 m Cell area 280 m
Inverter Model Solar Inverter RPI M50A

Original PVsyst database Manufacturer Delta Energy
Characteristics Operating Voltage 200-800 V Unit Nom. Power 50 kWac
Max. power (=>35C) 55 kWac
Inverter pack Nb. of inverters 1 units Total Power 50 kWac
PV Array loss factors

Array Soiling Losses Loss Fraction 3.0 %
Thermal Loss factor Uc (const) 20.0 W/mK Uv (wind) 0.0 W/mK / m/s
Wiring Ohmic Loss Global array res. 194 mOhm Loss Fraction 7.1 % at STC
LID - Light Induced Degradation Loss Fraction 2.0 %
Module Quality Loss Loss Fraction -0.4 %
Module Mismatch Losses Loss Fraction 3.0 % at MPP
Incidence effect, ASHRAE parametrization IAM = 1 - bo (1/cos i - 1) bo Param. 0.05
System loss factors

Wiring Ohmic Loss Wires: 3x35.0 mm 20 m Loss Fraction 1.0 % at STC
User's needs : Unlimited load (grid)
PVsyst Evaluation mode

PVSYST V6.49 28/11/16 Page 2/3
Grid-Connected System: Main results

Main system parameters System type Grid-Connected
PV Field Orientation tilt 27 azimuth 5
PV modules Model TSM-315PD14 Pnom 315 Wp
PV Array Nb. of modules 160 Pnom total 50.4 kWp
Inverter Model Solar Inverter RPI M50A Pnom 50.0 kW ac
User's needs Unlimited load (grid)
Main simulation results

System Production Produced Energy 73579 kWh/year Specific prod. 1460 kWh/kWp/year
Performance Ratio PR 72.45 %
Normalized productions (per installed kWp): Nominal power 50.4 kWp Performance Ratio PR
8 0.8
PR : Performance Ratio (Yf / Yr) : 0.724
Lc : Collection Loss (PV-array losses) 1.33 kWh/kWp/day
Ls : System Loss (inverter, ...) 0.19 kWh/kWp/day
7 Yf : Produced useful energy (inverter output) 4 kWh/kWp/day 0.7
6 0.6
Normalized Energy [kWh/kWp/day]
5 0.5
Performance Ratio PR
4 0.4
3 0.3
2 0.2
1 0.1
0 0.0
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
DEI 27 degree dairy

Balances and main results
GlobHor T Amb GlobInc GlobEff EArray E_Grid EffArrR EffSysR

kWh/m C kWh/m kWh/m kWh kWh % %
January 113.8 14.50 162.2 154.6 6575 6278 13.06 12.47
February 131.3 17.90 171.0 162.5 6644 6333 12.52 11.93
March 173.3 24.10 200.2 189.6 7464 7112 12.01 11.44
April 182.4 29.40 186.9 176.5 6836 6514 11.78 11.23
May 197.2 31.80 184.6 173.8 6792 6478 11.85 11.30
June 180.3 31.80 162.4 152.6 6072 5795 12.04 11.50
July 153.8 29.30 141.4 132.7 5440 5200 12.39 11.84
August 140.7 28.10 138.5 130.3 5335 5097 12.41 11.86
September 142.5 27.00 155.3 146.5 5938 5669 12.31 11.76
October 146.6 24.30 182.3 173.1 6929 6607 12.25 11.68
November 120.9 20.20 169.6 161.3 6616 6311 12.56 11.99
December 108.2 15.79 160.8 153.1 6478 6186 12.98 12.39
Year 1791.0 24.54 2015.1 1906.6 77117 73579 12.33 11.76
Legends: GlobHor Horizontal global irradiation EArray Effective energy at the output of the array
T Amb Ambient Temperature E_Grid Energy injected into grid
GlobInc Global incident in coll. plane EffArrR Effic. Eout array / rough area
GlobEff Effective Global, corr. for IAM and shadings EffSysR Effic. Eout system / rough area

PVSYST V6.49 28/11/16 Page 3/3
Grid-Connected System: Loss diagram

Loss diagram over the whole year
1791 kWh/m Horizontal global irradiation

+12.5% Global incident in coll. plane
-2.5% IAM factor on global

-3.0% Soiling loss factor
1907 kWh/m * 310 m coll. Effective irradiance on collectors

efficiency at STC = 16.25% PV conversion
96184 kWh Array nominal energy (at STC effic.)

0.0% PV loss due to irradiance level
-11.3% PV loss due to temperature
+0.4% Module quality loss
-2.0% LID - Light induced degradation

-3.0% Module array mismatch loss
-5.0% Ohmic wiring loss

77271 kWh Array virtual energy at MPP
-4.1% Inverter Loss during operation (efficiency)

0.0% Inverter Loss over nominal inv. power
0.0% Inverter Loss due to power threshold
0.0% Inverter Loss over nominal inv. voltage
-0.2% Inverter Loss due to voltage threshold
0.0% Night consumption
73928 kWh Available Energy at Inverter Output
-0.5% AC ohmic loss
73579 kWh Energy injected into grid

PVSYST V6.49 28/11/16 Page 1/3
Grid-Connected System: Simulation parameters

Geographical Site Agra Country India
Situation Latitude 27.23 N Longitude 78.01 E
Time defined as Legal Time Time zone UT+5.5 Altitude 163 m
Albedo 0.20
Meteo data: Agra NASA-SSE - Synthetic

Simulation date 28/11/16 19h42
Simulation parameters
Collector Plane Orientation Tilt 17 Azimuth 5
Models used Transposition Perez Diffuse Perez, Meteonorm
Horizon Free Horizon
Near Shadings No Shadings
PV Array Characteristics
PV module Si-poly Model TSM-315PD14
Original PVsyst database Manufacturer Trina Solar
Number of PV modules In series 10 modules In parallel 16 strings
Total number of PV modules Nb. modules 160 Unit Nom. Power 315 Wp
Array global power Nominal (STC) 50.4 kWp At operating cond. 45.3 kWp (50C)
Array operating characteristics (50C) U mpp 331 V I mpp 137 A
Total area Module area 310 m Cell area 280 m
Inverter Model Solar Inverter RPI M50A

Original PVsyst database Manufacturer Delta Energy
Characteristics Operating Voltage 200-800 V Unit Nom. Power 50 kWac
Max. power (=>35C) 55 kWac
Inverter pack Nb. of inverters 1 units Total Power 50 kWac
PV Array loss factors

Array Soiling Losses Loss Fraction 3.0 %
Thermal Loss factor Uc (const) 20.0 W/mK Uv (wind) 0.0 W/mK / m/s
Wiring Ohmic Loss Global array res. 223 mOhm Loss Fraction 8.2 % at STC
LID - Light Induced Degradation Loss Fraction 2.0 %
Module Quality Loss Loss Fraction -0.4 %
Module Mismatch Losses Loss Fraction 3.0 % at MPP
Incidence effect, ASHRAE parametrization IAM = 1 - bo (1/cos i - 1) bo Param. 0.05
System loss factors

Wiring Ohmic Loss Wires: 3x35.0 mm 20 m Loss Fraction 1.0 % at STC
User's needs : Unlimited load (grid)

PVSYST V6.49 28/11/16 Page 2/3
Grid-Connected System: Main results

Main simulation results

System Production Produced Energy 71.65 MWh/year Specific prod. 1422 kWh/kWp/year
Performance Ratio PR 72.04 %
Normalized productions (per installed kWp): Nominal power 50.4 kWp Performance Ratio PR
7 0.8
PR : Performance Ratio (Yf / Yr) : 0.720
Lc : Collection Loss (PV-array losses) 1.33 kWh/kWp/day
Ls : System Loss (inverter, ...) 0.18 kWh/kWp/day
Yf : Produced useful energy (inverter output) 3.89 kWh/kWp/day 0.7
6
0.6
Normalized Energy [kWh/kWp/day]
5
Performance Ratio PR
0.5
4
0.4
3
0.3
2
0.2
1
0.1
0 0.0
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
DEI 27 degree dairy

Balances and main results
GlobHor T Amb GlobInc GlobEff EArray E_Grid EffArrR EffSysR

kWh/m C kWh/m kWh/m MWh MWh % %
January 113.8 14.50 147.4 139.7 5.982 5.721 13.07 12.50
February 131.3 17.90 159.8 151.2 6.226 5.939 12.55 11.98
March 173.3 24.10 194.4 183.8 7.243 6.905 12.00 11.44
April 182.4 29.40 189.3 178.6 6.866 6.544 11.68 11.14
May 197.2 31.80 193.3 182.0 7.022 6.696 11.70 11.16
June 180.3 31.80 172.5 162.0 6.358 6.066 11.87 11.33
July 153.8 29.30 148.8 139.4 5.654 5.404 12.24 11.70
August 140.7 28.10 142.0 133.3 5.419 5.177 12.29 11.74
September 142.5 27.00 153.8 144.7 5.843 5.581 12.24 11.69
October 146.6 24.30 172.8 163.5 6.568 6.269 12.25 11.69
November 120.9 20.20 154.9 146.5 6.047 5.777 12.57 12.01
December 108.2 15.79 144.4 136.6 5.824 5.571 12.99 12.43
Year 1791.0 24.54 1973.5 1861.4 75.052 71.650 12.25 11.69
Legends: GlobHor Horizontal global irradiation EArray Effective energy at the output of the array
T Amb Ambient Temperature E_Grid Energy injected into grid
GlobInc Global incident in coll. plane EffArrR Effic. Eout array / rough area
GlobEff Effective Global, corr. for IAM and shadings EffSysR Effic. Eout system / rough area

PVSYST V6.49 28/11/16 Page 3/3
Grid-Connected System: Loss diagram

Loss diagram over the whole year
1791 kWh/m Horizontal global irradiation

+10.2% Global incident in coll. plane
-2.8% IAM factor on global

-3.0% Soiling loss factor
1861 kWh/m * 310 m coll. Effective irradiance on collectors

efficiency at STC = 16.25% PV conversion
93.9 MWh Array nominal energy (at STC effic.)

0.0% PV loss due to irradiance level
-11.2% PV loss due to temperature
+0.4% Module quality loss
-2.0% LID - Light induced degradation

-3.0% Module array mismatch loss
-5.6% Ohmic wiring loss

75.1 MWh Array virtual energy at MPP
-4.1% Inverter Loss during operation (efficiency)

0.0% Inverter Loss over nominal inv. power
0.0% Inverter Loss due to power threshold
0.0% Inverter Loss over nominal inv. voltage
-0.1% Inverter Loss due to voltage threshold
0.0% Night consumption
72.0 MWh Available Energy at Inverter Output
-0.5% AC ohmic loss
71.7 MWh Energy injected into grid

A - ISSUED FOR INFORMATION
B - ISSUED FOR APPROVAL
C - ISSUED FOR CONSTRUCTION
D - AS BUILT
A - ISSUED FOR INFORMATION
B - ISSUED FOR APPROVAL
C - ISSUED FOR CONSTRUCTION
D - AS BUILT
NS 290P-315P | 290~315 Watt
Up to 16.25%
Up to 4.99W
PID
241+1
- 241+1
-
40+1
-
277+1
-
1000mm
1155+1
1954+1
-
-
940+1
-
277+1
Mounting Holes: 12X8mm - 12Nos
NS 295
STC NOCT
214.36 295 218 221 225.45 229.15 232.8
33.1 36.0 33.28 33.3 33.54 33.65 36.5 33.7
6.46 8.19 6.55 6.64 6.72 6.81 6.91
40.96 44.5 41.18 41.21 41.52 41.64 41.7
6.91 8.75 7.0 7.10 7.18 7.29 7.4
15.35
15A
(Pmax) 38
+ 0.053%
O
Cell C
48.5 Lbs
*The above data is liable to change without prior notice
Cable
By-Pass Diodes 3 Pcs

Standard Packaging 26 Pcs, 638 Kg (Quantity & Weight per Pallet)
Module Pieces Per Container 572 Pcs (40 feet HQ)
50KW/ 240VDC/3-PHASE SMART-STORAGE SOLAR INVERTERS
MODEL NO: HBD-240-050K-3P-050M1-11-Cxx
A. SOLAR CHARGE CONTROLLER (SCC) E. USER INTERFACE
1 Charge Controller Type MPPT 1. DISPLAYED PARAMETERS
1
2 Charger Topology Buck Type Battery Side: Voltage, Current
3 PV Nominal Capacity (Total) 50 KW PV Side: Voltage**, Current**, Power**, Energy**, MPPT Charger O/P Amps
4 No of MPPT Channels 1 Grid Side: Phase Voltage, Phase Current, Frequency, Power
5 Per Channel PV Capacity (Nominal/ Peak) 50/53.5 KW Load Side: Phase Voltage, Phase Current, Frequency, Power Factor
6 Max. Open Circuit PV Volts (Voc) 620 Volts System level: Mode of Operation, Active Faults, Heat Sink/ IGBT temperature, System Mimic
7 MPPT Voltage
V g Range g 330-515 V
Volts NOTE:** pparameters provided
p on separate
p LCD display
p y ffor each MPPT channel.
8 PV Minimum Voltage 264 Volts 2. INDICATIONS/ AUXILIARY
9 Max I/P Amps per channel 151 Amps Indications: MainsOn,Alarm,BuzzerMute.
10 Max Battery Amps during PV charging 159 Amps UserKeypadforSettingsChange.
11 Max SCC O/P Amps 182 Amps BreakersatallInputs/SpaceHeater/EmergencystopButton.
12 Battery type Supported LMLA, VRLA, NiCd Remotemonitoring:Optional*
13 Min. Battery AH Required 300 AH NOTE(*)AllparametersondisplaycanberemotelyaccessedviaGPRSorMODBUSoverRS485
14 P k Ch
Peak Charging
i Efficiency
Effi i 92 %
B. SOLAR INVERTER
1 No of Phases/Connection Type 3-Phase/4 wire F.MISCELLANEOUS
2 Nominal Battery Voltage 240 Volts 1 DegreeOfProtection IP21
3 Nominal Output Voltage/ Frequency 415 / 50 Volts/ Hz 2 CoolingMethod TempControlledForceCooling
5 Nominal Capacity (Total/ Per Phase)(*4) 50/17 KW 3 OpeartingTemperature 055degrees(withoutDerating)
6 Output Amps per Phase ((*4)
4) 71 Amps 4 Humidity Max.95%Non Condensing
Max.95%NonCondensing
7 Voltage Regulation (in Standalone Mode) +/- 2 % 5 Altitude 1000mabovesealevel
8 Freq. Regulation (in Standalone Mode) +/- 0.5 Hz 6 Housing SheetMetal,FloorStanding,Front/RearDoor
9 THD < than 5 % 7 Colorshade LightGray(RAL7035)/Red(RAL3020)
10 Load Power Factor 0.8 lag to unity 8 CableEntry Bottom
11 Efficiency: Peak/ 100% Load/20% Load >90/ >89/ >80 % 9 CableTerminationType BusBarTypewithringtypelugs
12 Over Loads: 60 sec/ 30 sec/ 5 sec* 110/ 125/ 150 % 10 TerminalSizes(PV/Battery/Grid/Load) M8/M8/M6/M6
13 Max Allowed Phase Imbalance 30 % 11 Di i (H X W X D)
Dimensions(HXWXD) 1950 1200 800 (All i )
1950x1200x800(Allinmm)
14 Auto Bypass Feature(*3) Provided 12 Weight(kg) 689kgsapprox.
16 Parallel Operation with Grid/ DG Provided
16 Power Export to Grid Facility Provided BLOCK SCHEMATIC
17 Anti Islanding from Grid Provided
3-PHASE INVERTER
C. GRID CHARGER
1 Grid Voltage Range (Voltage Sync.
Sync Range) +10 % & -20
20 % VAC
2 Grid Frequency range (Freq. Sync Range) +5% & -5% Hz
3 Max Grid Import Power 50 KW
4 Max Battery Amps during Grid charging 136 Amps TX.
MPPT CHARGER
5 Peak Charging Efficiency 80 %
NOTE (*) Overload protection at load end is applicable only in Standlaone mode. PV GRID
(*3) Auto Bypass does not ensure complete bypass of the grid supply to loads. CIRCUIT
BREAKER
(*4) valid at unity power factor CIRCUIT
BREAKER
D. PROTECTIONS
PV Side: Reverse Polarity, Surge Protection (Class D)
LOAD
Battery Side: Reverse Polarity, Over/ Under Voltage, Current Limit
Grid Side: Over/ under Voltage, Over/ Under Frequency, Surge Portection (Class D) BATTERY
CIRCUIT
CIRCUIT
Load Side: Overloads, Short circuit BREAKER
BREAKER
System
S t Protection:
P t ti Over
O Temperature
T
STATCON ENERGIAA PVT. LTD. info@statconenergiaa.com,www.statconenergiaa.com

B-81, Sector 63 Noida U.P. (Works at Gaziabad) +91-120-3851760/761

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DAYALBAGH EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTE

DETAILED PROJECT REPORT

CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION TO INDIAS ENERGY SECTOR ...........................................8

1.1 INTRODUCTION TO JAWAHARLAL NEHRU NATIONAL SOLAR MISSION (JNNSM)

CHAPTER 2: INTRODUCTION TO PV PLANT & PROJECT DEVELOPER 13

2.1 PLANT OVERVIEW...13

2.2 DAYALBAGH EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTE..15

CHAPTER 3: SITE OVERVIEW17

CHAPTER 4: SITE DESCRIPTION ...19

4.1 ACCESS TO THE SITE ...19

4.3 HORIZON SHADING.19

4.4 NEAR SHADING20

CHAPTER 5: ON SITE CLIMATIC CONDITIONS.21

5.1 WIND SPEED..23

5.4 SOLAR RESOURCE POTENTIAL30

CHAPTER 6: PV TECHNOLOGY & PLANT DESIGN30

6.1 PV MODULE ...29

6.4 MOUNTING STRUCTURE & FOUNDATION36

6.5 BALANCE OF PARTS- ELECTRICAL DESIGN.....36

6.6 OTHER PLANT COMPONENT..36

6.7 MONITORING & DATA ACQUISITION..36

CHAPTER 7: ENERGY YIELD STUDIES.37

7.1 RADIATION IN THE PLANE OF MODULE37

7.2 CORRECTIONS AND LOSSES. 37

7.3 ENERGY YIELD PREDICTION.39

7.4 CAPACITY UTILIZATION FACTOR40

7.5 PERFORMANCE RATIO....40

CHAPTER 8: FINANCIAL ANALYSIS AND FEASIBILITY STUDIES41

8.1 FINANCIAL INCENTIVES41

8.2 RESULTS OF FINANCIAL ANALYSIS41

CHAPTER 9: CONSTRUCTION OF PROJECT AND OPERATION & MAINTENANCE.43

9.1 STARTUP REQUIREMENTS.43

9.2 OPERATION & MAINTENANCE.43

CHAPTER 10: PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION45

CHAPTER 11: RISK ANALYSIS46

CHAPTER 12: POWER PURCHASE ARRANGEMENTS& REGULATORY FRAMEWORK..48

12.1 JAWAHARLAL NEHRU NATIONAL SOLAR MISSION...48

12.2 REGULATORY FRAMEWORK FOR SOLAR POWER PROJECTS..48

12.3 PERFORMANCE OF JNNSM PHASE I.49

12.4 JNNSM PHASE II.49

TABLE 2: SOLAR RPO OBLIGATIONS SET BY RESPECTIVE

TABLE 3: TOTAL INSTALLED CAPACITY OF SOLAR PROJECTS IN INDIA

TABLE 4: PROJECT LOCATION

TABLE 5: AVERAGE WIND SPEED AT THE

TABLE 6: IRRADIATION DATA FOR PROJECT

TABLE 10: ENERGY YIELD

TABLE 11: FINANCIAL

TABLE 12: KEY FINANCIAL

TABLE 13: PERFORMANCE OF JNNSM PHASE 1 ...........................................................................49

2. TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS OF PV MODULES AND INVERTERS

4. SINGLE LINE DIAGRAM

Latitude: 27.23o N, Longitude: 78.01 E

Installed PV Array Capacity 50x2 kWp

PV Technology Poly Crystalline

Module Capacity 315 Wp

No. of Modules 160x2

Solar Inverter Capacity 50kWp Hybrid Inverter