PROJECT REPORT

ON

Mutual Funds

&

GENERAL STUDY OF HDFC MUTUAL FUND

SUBMITTED BY

Devadatta Dukhande

Masters of Financial Management Semester V 207

PROJECT GUIDE

Prof P L.Arya ( Director )

COLLEGE NAME

N L Dalmia Institute of Management & Research

 DECLARATION

I ANKIT SRIVASTAVA , student of PGDM-FM Semester IV of R.K. ITM INSTITUTE OF FINANCIAL MARKET
hereby declare that the project work presented in this report is my own work and has been carried out
under the supervisor of Mr.Amber srivastava (Branch Manager of HDFC BANK, Allahabad).

My report is submitted as a part of study curriculum and as a partial fulfilment of the degree of (PGDM-
FM). I am also declaring that I am submitting this report on the training undertaken at HDFC Mutual Fund
regarding the General Study of Mutual Fund at Allahabd Branch and studying the peoples perception
regarding the investment in mutual fund.

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 BY
ANKIT SRIVASTAVA

Contents
Student undertaking 5
Executive summery 6
Introduction 7-38
- What is Mutual Fund; 7
- History of Mutual Fund in India; 9
- Types of mutual funds schemes; 12
- Advantages of Mutual Funds; 17
- Disadvantage of Investing Through Mutual Funds; 18
- Mutual Fund investment strategies; 19
- Performance evaluation; 20
- Risk and Return; 25
- Tax treatment for unit holder; 29
- Mutual fund set up; 33
- AMFI; 33
- Tips on buying mutual funds; 36
- AUM; 37

Company Profile 39-54

- HDFC AMC Pvt Ltd; 41
- Schemes

Findings 45
- Survey background;46
- Methodology
- Findings

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Conclusion and reconditions 54
Questionnaire 55
Glossary 60
References 61

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 Student undertaking
This is to certify that this project Mutual Funds : study & survey is original work done for the partial
fulfillment for the award of Masters of Financial Management from N L Dalmia Institute of Management &
Research, Mumbai . I am grateful to , faculty of MFM - NLDIMR.

Project guide Student

( Prof P L Arya) (Devadatta Dukhande)

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 Executive summary
The Indian mutual fund industry in recent years has exponential growth and yet it is still at a very nascent
stage. We believe that the mutual fund industry has grown in terms of size or choices available, but is a long
distance from being regarded as a mature one. To understand this one has to look at the global scenario. If
one look at the global mutual fund industry, one has see that assets have grown by 185% between 2000 and
2006. In comparison, Indian assets outgrew at a staggering 446%, where as the US only grew by 158% and
Europe by 242%.

As our economy continues to grow at a spectacular rate there is a huge amount of wealth creating
opportunities surfacing everywhere. Financial Planners have an immensely responsible role to play by
identifying these opportunities and channeling them into wealth creating initiatives that would enable
people to address their financial needs. To give an overview of a recent study conducted by Invest India,
there are about 321.8 millions paid workers in India. Of this only 5.3 millions have an exposure to mutual
funds. This is less than 2% of total work force. Even more interesting fact is that 77% of them reside in super
metros and Tier I cities. Again, about 4 millions come in the Rs 90,000-5 lack income bracket. The
penetration among the less than Rs 90,000 and more than Rs 5 lack income bracket is very low. The need for
the hour is to expend the market boundaries and expand scope in Tier II and Tier III cities.

India is also one of the fastest growing markets for mutual funds, attracting a host of global players. Hence,
investors will have an even wider range of products to choose from. The combination of the increase in
number of fund houses along with new schemes and the increase in the number of people parking their
saving in mutual funds has resulted in per cent during April-December 2007. This now stands at Rs 30314
billions as against Rs 13476 billions for the corresponding period last year.

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As on January 31,2008, Indian assets stood at $ 137 billions and are growing. We already have many experts
expressing their concentration at the frequency of NFO launches. Yet we have less than 1000 schemes in
India, compared to 15000 in the US and 36000 in Europe. The gap is significant and has to be filled up with
unique and better priced products.

There has also been a rapid rise in the HNI segment. India stands only second-best to Korea in the Asia-
Pacific region in terms of percentage growth. The total HNWI (High Net Worth Individual) assets stood at
about Rs 12 trillion and their assets are distributed over various assets classes. To top them MFs will have to
come up with structured products, real estate funds, commodity based funds, art funds and the like.

Indian house holds have also increased their exposure to the capital market. Very interestingly, the MF
proportion in this has increased. In fact, there has been more than 2000% growth in the assets coming to
MFs in the last 3 years. Statistics reveal that a higher portion of investors savings is now invested in market-
linked avenues like mutual funds as compared to earlier times.

Passing through the growth phase

We have always read that fund industry has seen three phases the UTI phase, the public sector phase and
the post UTI phase. But if we study a bit more closely, there have been four clear stages.

- UTI Phase (1964 1987)

- Public sector phase (1987 1993), during which the likes of SBI,BOB and Canara Bank comes in to
existence

- The emergence phase (1993 2003), when international players come in to India. Some have
wound up their operations and a few of them are looking for re-entry.

- Post UTI phase (2003 2007), when domestic players along with some global players have
consolidated the MF industry.

And now we are entering Phase V of the industry, when not only are newer players readying to enter the
market but are also looking at penetration and market expansion. All in all, this is a win-win situation for
Indian investors. We have also come up a long way from plain vanilla equity funds to hybrid funds, from
balanced funds to arbitrage funds, from sectoral funds to quant strategies.

Changing investor profile

Todays investor is quite young and very unlike the older generation. He follows a contrarians approach. Hw
buys when the market flips and books profit when it rallies. While the market corrected by almost 22%
during the January mayhem, mutual funds were net buyers to the tune of Rs 4,200 crores. Much of this
support came from domestic investors. The retail participation in equity schemes has also increased
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tremendously. The total AUM of 330 schemes in December last year stood at Rs 2,157 billions as compared
to 197 schemes and Rs92 billions In march 2000. Also in the last three years, mobilizations from NFOs stood
at Rs 95,000 crores. Although many complain that the industry is still brokerage driven, the trends clearly
suggest that investors prefer NFOs to enter equities.

Our economy is booming, we have now a sustained GDP growth of 8%, which is likely to remain at this level
for years to come, our per capita income is about to touch $ 1000 by the end of 2008. The number of AMCs
is increasing. Their presence across India is expending. Distributors too are expending their networks.
Besides, the regulator has taken up measures to safeguard investor interests. These are all drivers for the
fund industry. Together, these greet investor warmly. The need of the investor populace has changed,
resulting in a change in asset management styles. In a way, this is leading to the design of new and
competitively-priced products, implying greater emphasis on higher quality of intermediation. This in itself
is both an opportunity and a challenge. As our economy continuous to grow at a spectacular rate there is a
huge amount of wealth creating opportunities surfacing everywhere. Financial Planners have an immensely
responsible role to play by identifying these opportunities and channeling them into wealth creating
initiatives that would enable people to adequately address their financial needs.

Introduction
A mutual fund is a professionally-managed form of collective investments that pools money from many
investors and invests it in stocks, bonds, short-term money market instruments, and/or other securities. [1In
a mutual fund, the fund manager, who is also known as the portfolio manager, trades the fund's underlying
securities, realizing capital gains or losses, and collects the dividend or interest income. The investment
proceeds are then passed along to the individual investors. The value of a share of the mutual fund, known
as the net asset value per share (NAV) is calculated daily based on the total value of the fund divided by the
number of shares currently issued and outstanding.

Legally known as an "open-end company" under the Investment Company Act of 1940(the primary
regulatory statute governing investment companies), a mutual fund is one of three basic types of
investment companies available in the United States. [2] Outside of the United States (with the exception of
Canada, which follows the U.S. model), mutual fund may be used as a generic term for various types of
collective investment vehicle. In the United Kingdom and Western Europe (including offshore jurisdictions),
other forms of collective investment vehicle are prevalent, including unit trusts, open-ended investment
companies (OEICs), SICAVs and unitized insurance funds. In Australia and New Zealand the term "mutual
fund" is generally not used; the name "managed fund" is used instead.

What is a Mutual Fund?

Mutual funds belong to the class of firms known as investment companies. While companies may offer a
"family" of funds under a single umbrella name and common administration - for example, the Vanguard
Group, Fidelity Investments, or Strong Funds - each fund offered is a separately incorporated investment
company. These are entities that pool investor money to buy the securities that make up the funds
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portfolio. The idea behind this pooling of investor money is to give each investor the benefits that come
from the ownership of a diversified portfolio of securities chosen and monitored daily by experience,
professional advisers.
The funds create and sell new shares on demand. Investors` shares represent a portion of the funds
portfolio and income proportional to the number of shares they purchase. Individual shareholders of the
mutual funds have voting rights in the operation of the fund, just as most holders of common stocks in
corporations have the right to vote on certain issues involving the running of the company. The key attribute
of a mutual fund, regardless of how it is structured, is that the investor is entitled to receive on demand, or
within a specified period after demand, an amount computed by reference to the value of the investors
proportionate interest in the net assets of the mutual fund. This means that the owner of mutual fund
shares can "cash in," or redeem his or her shares at any time.

Mutual funds, therefore, are considered a liquid investment. The investors selling (redemption) price may
be higher or lower than the purchase price. It all depends on the performance of the funds portfolio. The
fund has an adviser who charges a fee for managing the portfolio. The adviser decides when and what
securities to buy and sell, and is responsible for providing or causing to be provided all services required by
the mutual fund in carrying on its day-to-day activities. All fund investors get this built-in portfolio
management whether they own 50 shares or 10,000.The adviser generally purchases many different
securities for the portfolio, since investment theory holds that diversification reduces risk. It is this
diminished risk that is one of the attractions of mutual funds. The fund also has a custodian, usually a
financial institution such as a bank, which holds all cash and securities for the fund.

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 History of Mutual Fund in India

The Evolution

The formation of Unit Trust of India marked the evolution of the Indian mutual fund industry in the year
1963. The primary objective at that time was to attract the small investors and it was made possible through
the collective efforts of the Government of India and the Reserve Bank of India. The history of mutual fund
industry in India can be better understood divided into following phases:

Phase 1. Establishment and Growth of Unit Trust of India - 1964-87

Unit Trust of India enjoyed complete monopoly when it was established in the year 1963 by an act of
Parliament. UTI was set up by the Reserve Bank of India and it continued to operate under the regulatory
control of the RBI until the two were de-linked in 1978 and the entire control was transferred in the hands
of Industrial Development Bank of India (IDBI). UTI launched its first scheme in 1964, named as Unit Scheme
1964 (US-64), which attracted the largest number of investors in any single investment scheme over the
years.

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UTI launched more innovative schemes in 1970s and 80s to suit the needs of different investors. It launched
ULIP in 1971, six more schemes between 1981-84, Children's Gift Growth Fund and India Fund (India's first
offshore fund) in 1986, Master share (Indias first equity diversified scheme) in 1987 and Monthly Income
Schemes (offering assured returns) during 1990s. By the end of 1987, UTI's assets under management grew
ten times to Rs 6700 crores.

Phase II. Entry of Public Sector Funds - 1987-1993

The Indian mutual fund industry witnessed a number of public sector players entering the market in the
year 1987. In November 1987, SBI Mutual Fund from the State Bank of India became the first non-UTI
mutual fund in India. SBI Mutual Fund was later followed by Canbank Mutual Fund, LIC Mutual Fund, Indian
Bank Mutual Fund, Bank of India Mutual Fund, GIC Mutual Fund and PNB Mutual Fund. By 1993, the assets
under management of the industry increased seven times to Rs. 47,004 crores. However, UTI remained to
be the leader with about 80% market share.

Mobilisa
tion as
Amou Assets
% of
nt Under
gross
Mobil Manage
Domesti
ised ment
c
Savings
11,05
UTI 38,247 5.2%
7
Public
1,964 8,757 0.9%
Sector
13,02
Total 47,004 6.1%
1

Phase III. Emergence of Private Sector Funds - 1993-96

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The permission given to private sector funds including foreign fund management companies (most of them
entering through joint ventures with Indian promoters) to enter the mutal fund industry in 1993, provided a
wide range of choice to investors and more competition in the industry. Private funds introduced innovative
products, investment techniques and investor-servicing technology. By 1994-95, about 11 private sector
funds had launched their schemes.

Phase IV. Growth and SEBI Regulation - 1996-2004

The mutual fund industry witnessed robust growth and stricter regulation from the SEBI after the year 1996.
The mobilization of funds and the number of players operating in the industry reached new heights as
investors started showing more interest in mutual funds.

Inventors interests were safeguarded by SEBI and the Government offered tax benefits to the investors in
order to encourage them. SEBI (Mutual Funds) Regulations, 1996 was introduced by SEBI that set uniform
standards for all mutual funds in India. The Union Budget in 1999 exempted all dividend incomes in the
hands of investors from income tax. Various Investor Awareness Programmes were launched during this
phase, both by SEBI and AMFI, with an objective to educate investors and make them informed about the
mutual fund industry.

In February 2003, the UTI Act was repealed and UTI was stripped of its Special legal status as a trust formed
by an Act of Parliament. The primary objective behind this was to bring all mutual fund players on the same
level. UTI was re-organized into two parts: 1. The Specified Undertaking, 2. The UTI Mutual Fund

Phase V. Growth and Consolidation - 2004 Onwards

The industry has also witnessed several mergers and acquisitions recently, examples of which are
acquisition of schemes of Alliance Mutual Fund by Birla Sun Life, Sun F&C Mutual Fund and PNB Mutual
Fund by Principal Mutual Fund. Simultaneously, more international mutual fund players have entered India
like Fidelity, Franklin Templeton Mutual Fund etc. There were 29 funds as at the end of March 2006. This is a
continuing phase of growth of the industry through consolidation and entry of new international and
private sector players.

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 Types of mutual funds

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1. Schemes according to Maturity Period:-

A mutual fund scheme can be classified into open-ended scheme or close-ended scheme
depending on its maturity period.

Open-ended Fund/ Scheme:-

An open-ended fund or scheme is one that is available for subscription

and repurchase on a continuous basis. These schemes do not have a
fixed maturity period. Investors can conveniently buy and sell units at
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 Net Asset Value (NAV) related prices which are declared on a daily
basis. The key feature of open-end schemes is liquidity.

Close-ended Fund/ Scheme:-

A close-ended fund or scheme has a stipulated maturity period e.g. 5-7

years. The fund is open for subscription only during a specified period
at the time of launch of the scheme. Investors can invest in the scheme
at the time of the initial public issue and thereafter they can buy or sell
the units of the scheme on the stock exchanges where the units are
listed. In order to provide an exit route to the investors, some close-
ended funds give an option of selling back the units to the mutual fund
through periodic repurchase at NAV related prices. SEBI Regulations
stipulate that at least one of the two exit routes is provided to the
investor i.e. either repurchase facility or through listing on stock
exchanges. These mutual funds schemes disclose NAV generally on
weekly basis.

2. Schemes according to Investment Objective:-

A scheme can also be classified as growth scheme, income scheme, or

balanced scheme considering its investment objective. Such schemes
may be open-ended or close-ended schemes as described earlier. Such
schemes may be classified mainly as follows:

Growth / Equity Oriented Scheme:-

The aim of growth funds is to provide capital appreciation over the

medium to long- term. Such schemes normally invest a major part of
their corpus in equities. Such funds have comparatively high risks.
These schemes provide different options to the investors like dividend
option, capital appreciation, etc. and the investors may choose an
option depending on their preferences. The investors must indicate the
option in the application form. The mutual funds also allow the
investors to change the options at a later date. Growth schemes are
good for investors having a long-term outlook seeking appreciation
over a period of time.

Income / Debt Oriented Scheme:-

The aim of income funds is to provide regular and steady income to

investors. Such schemes generally invest in fixed income securities

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 such as bonds, corporate debentures, Government securities and
money market instruments. Such funds are less risky compared to
equity schemes. These funds are not affected because of fluctuations
in equity markets. However, opportunities of capital appreciation are
also limited in such funds. The NAVs of such funds are affected because
of change in interest rates in the country. If the interest rates fall, NAVs
of such funds are likely to increase in the short run and vice versa.
However, long term investors may not bother about these fluctuations.

Balanced Fund:-

The aim of balanced funds is to provide both growth and regular

income as such schemes invest both in equities and fixed income
securities in the proportion indicated in their offer documents. These
are appropriate for investors looking for moderate growth. They
generally invest 40-60% in equity and debt instruments. These funds
are also affected because of fluctuations in share prices in the stock
markets. However, NAVs of such funds are likely to be less volatile
compared to pure equity funds.

Money Market or Liquid Fund:-

These funds are also income funds and their aim is to provide easy
liquidity, preservation of capital and moderate income. These schemes
invest exclusively in safer short-term instruments such as treasury bills,
certificates of deposit, commercial paper and inter-bank call money,
government securities, etc. Returns on these schemes fluctuate much
less compared to other funds. These funds are appropriate for
corporate and individual investors as a means to park their surplus
funds for short periods.

Gilt Fund:-

These funds invest exclusively in government securities. Government

securities have no default risk. NAVs of these schemes also fluctuate
due to change in interest rates and other economic factors as is the
case with income or debt oriented schemes.

Index Funds :-

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 Index Funds replicate the portfolio of a particular index such as the BSE
Sensitive index, S&P NSE 50 index (Nifty), etc These schemes invest in
the securities in the same weightage comprising of an index. NAVs of
such schemes would rise or fall in accordance with the rise or fall in the
index, though not exactly by the same percentage due to some factors
known as "tracking error" in technical terms. Necessary disclosures in
this regard are made in the offer document of the mutual fund
scheme.

3. Sector specific funds/schemes:-

These are the funds/schemes which invest in the securities of only those sectors or industries
as specified in the offer documents. e.g. Pharmaceuticals, Software, Fast Moving Consumer
Goods (FMCG), Petroleum stocks, etc. The returns in these funds are dependent on the
performance of the respective sectors/industries. While these funds may give higher returns,
they are more risky compared to diversified funds. Investors need to keep a watch on the
performance of those sectors/industries and must exit at an appropriate time. They may also
seek advice of an expert.

4. Tax Saving Schemes:-

These schemes offer tax rebates to the investors under specific provisions of the Income Tax
Act, 1961 as the Government offers tax incentives for investment in specified avenues. e.g.
Equity Linked Savings Schemes (ELSS). Pension schemes launched by the mutual funds also
offer tax benefits. These schemes are growth oriented and invest pre-dominantly in equities.
Their growth opportunities and risks associated are like any equity-oriented scheme.

5. Fund of Funds (FoF) scheme:-

A scheme that invests primarily in other schemes of the same mutual fund or other mutual
funds is known as a FoF scheme. An FoF scheme enables the investors to achieve greater
diversification through one scheme. It spreads risks across a greater universe.

6. Load or no-load Fund:-

A Load Fund is one that charges a percentage of NAV for entry or exit. That is, each time one
buys or sells units in the fund, a charge will be payable. This charge is used by the mutual
fund for marketing and distribution expenses. Suppose the NAV per unit is Rs.10. If the entry
as well as exit load charged is 1%, then the investors who buy would be required to pay
Rs.10.10 and those who offer their units for repurchase to the mutual fund will get only
Rs.9.90 per unit. The investors should take the loads into consideration while making
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 investment as these affect their yields/returns. However, the investors should also consider
the performance track record and service standards of the mutual fund which are more
important. Efficient funds may give higher returns in spite of loads. A no-load fund is one that
does not charge for entry or exit. It means the investors can enter the fund/scheme at NAV
and no additional charges are payable on purchase or sale of units.

ADVANTAGES OF MUTUAL FUND

S.
Advantage Particulars
No.

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 Portfolio Mutual Funds invest in a well-diversified portfolio of securities which enables
1. Diversifica investor to hold a diversified investment portfolio (whether the amount of
tion investment is big or small).

Profession
Fund manager undergoes through various research works and has better
al
2. investment management skills which ensure higher returns to the investor than
Manageme
what he can manage on his own.
nt

Investors acquire a diversified portfolio of securities even with a small

3. Less Risk investment in a Mutual Fund. The risk in a diversified portfolio is lesser than
investing in merely 2 or 3 securities.

Low
Due to the economies of scale (benefits of larger volumes), mutual funds pay
4. Transactio
lesser transaction costs. These benefits are passed on to the investors.
n Costs

An investor may not be able to sell some of the shares held by him very easily
5. Liquidity
and quickly, whereas units of a mutual fund are far more liquid.

Mutual funds provide investors with various schemes with different investment
Choice of objectives. Investors have the option of investing in a scheme having a
6.
Schemes correlation between its investment objectives and their own financial goals.
These schemes further have different plans/options

Funds provide investors with updated information pertaining to the markets and
Transpare
7. the schemes. All material facts are disclosed to investors as required by the
ncy
regulator.

Investors also benefit from the convenience and flexibility offered by Mutual
Funds. Investors can switch their holdings from a debt scheme to an equity
8. Flexibility
scheme and vice-versa. Option of systematic (at regular intervals) investment
and withdrawal is also offered to the investors in most open-end schemes.

Mutual Fund industry is part of a well-regulated investment environment where

9. Safety the interests of the investors are protected by the regulator. All funds are
registered with SEBI and complete transparency is forced.

Disadvantage of Investing Through Mutual Funds

S. Disadvanta
Particulars
No. ge

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 Costs
Control Not
Investor has to pay investment management fees and fund distribution costs
in the
1. as a percentage of the value of his investments (as long as he holds the
Hands of
units), irrespective of the performance of the fund.
an
Investor

The portfolio of securities in which a fund invests is a decision taken by the

No
fund manager. Investors have no right to interfere in the decision making
2. Customize
process of a fund manager, which some investors find as a constraint in
d Portfolios
achieving their financial objectives.

Difficulty
in Many investors find it difficult to select one option from the plethora of
Selecting a funds/schemes/plans available. For this, they may have to take advice from
3.
Suitable financial planners in order to invest in the right fund to achieve their
Fund objectives.
Scheme

Mutual Fund Investment Strategies

Systematic Investment Plan (SIPs):

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These are best suited for young people who have started their careers and need to build their wealth. SIPs entail
an investor to invest a fixed sum of money at regular intervals in mutual fund scheme the investor has chosen.
For instance an investor opting for SIP in xyz mutual fund scheme will need to invest a certain sum of money
every month / quarter /half year in the scheme.

Systematic Withdrawal Plan (SWPs):

These plans are best suited for people nearing retirement. In these plans an investor invests in a mutual fund
scheme and is allowed to withdraw a fixed sum of money at regular intervals to take care of expenses.

Systematic Transfer Plan (STPs) :

They allow the investors to transfer on a periodic basis a specified amount from one scheme to another within
the same fund family meaning two schemes belonging to the same mutual fund. A transfer will be treated as
redemption of units from the scheme from which the transfer is made .Such redemption or investment will be at
the applicable NAV. This service allows the investor to manage his investment actively to achieve his objectives.
Many funds do not even charge even any transaction feed for this service an added advantage for the active
investor.

Performance Evaluation

PARAMETERS OF MUTUAL FUND EVALUATION:

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 Risk
Returns

Liquidity

Expense Ratio

Composition of Portfolio

Risks Associated With Mutual Funds

Investing in mutual funds as with any security, does not come without risk. One of the most basic economic
principles is that risk and reward are directly correlated. In other words, the greater the potential risk, the
greater the potential return. The types of risk commonly associated with mutual funds are:

Market Risk:

Market risk relate to the market value of a security in the future. Market prices fluctuate and are susceptible to
economic and financial trends, supply and demand, and many other factors that cannot be precisely predicted
or controlled.

Political Risk:

Changes in the tax laws, trade regulations, administered prices etc. is some of the many political factors that
create market risk. Although collectively, as citizens, we have indirect control through the power of our vote,
individually as investors, we have virtually no control.

Inflation Risk:

Inflation or purchasing power risk, relates to the uncertainty of the future purchasing power of the invested
rupees. The risk is the increase in cost of the goods and services, as measured by the Consumer Price Index.

Interest Rate Risk:

Interest Rate risk relates to the future changes in interest rates. For instance, if an investor invests in a long term
debt mutual fund scheme and interest rate increase, the NAV of the scheme will fall because the scheme will be
end up holding debt offering lowest interest rates.

Business Risk:

Business Risk is the uncertainty concerning the future existence, stability and profitability of the issuer of the
security. Business Risk is inherent in all business ventures. The future financial stability of a company can not be
22 | P a g e
predicted or guaranteed, nor can the price of its securities. Adverse changes in business circumstances will
reduce the market price of the companys equity resulting in proportionate fall in the NAV of mutual fund
scheme, which has invested in the equity of such a company.

Economic Risk :

Economic Risk involves uncertainty in the economy, which, in turn can have an adverse effect on a
companys business. For instance, if monsoons fall in a year, equity stocks of agriculture bases companies will fall
and NAVs of mutual funds, which have invested in such stocks, will fall proportionately.
There are 3 different methods with the help of which we can measure the risk.

Measurement of risk
I. Beta Coefficient Measure Of Risk :

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Beta relates a funds return with a market index. It basically measures the sensitivity of funds return to changes
in market index.
If Beta = 1
Fund moves with the market i.e. Passive fund
If Beta < 1
Fund is less volatile than the market i. e Defensive Fund
If Beta > 1
Funds will give higher returns when market rises & higher losses when market falls i.e. Aggressive Fund

II. Ex Marks or R-squared Measure Of Risk :

Ex Marks represents co relation with markets. Higher the Ex-marks lower the risk of the fund because a fund
with higher Ex-marks is better diversified than a fund with lower Ex-marks.

III. Standard Deviation Measure Of Risk :

It is a statistical concept, which measures volatility. It measures the fluctuations of funds returns around a
mean level. Basically it gives you an idea of how volatile your earnings are. It is broader concept than BETA. It
also helps in measuring total risk and not just the market risk of the portfolio.

How to Calculate the Value of a Mutual Fund:

The investors funds are deployed in a portfolio of securities by the fund manager. The value of these
investments keeps changing as the market price of the securities change. Since investors are free to enter and
exit the fund at any time, it is essential that the market value of their investments is used to determine the price
at which such entry and exit will take place. The net assets represent the market value of assets, which belong to
the investors, on a given date.
Net Asset Value or NAV of a mutual fund is the value of one unit of investment in the fund, in net asset terms.

NAV = Net Assets of the scheme / Number of Units Outstanding

Where Net Assets are calculated as:-

(Market value of investments + current assets and other assets + Accrued income current liabilities and other
liabilities less accrued expenses) / No. of Units Outstanding as at the NAV date

NAV of all schemes must be calculated and published at least weekly for closed-end schemes and daily for open-
end schemes.

The major factors affecting the NAV of a fund are:

Sale and purchase of securities

Sale and repurchase of units

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 Valuation of assets
Accrual of income and expenses

SEBI requires that the fund must ensure that repurchase price is not lower than 93% of NAV (95% in the case of a
closed-fund). On the other side, a fund may sell new units at a price that is different from the NAV, but the sale
price cannot be higher than 107 % of NAV. Also the difference between the repurchase price and the sale price
of the unit is not permitted to exceed 7% of the sale price.

Measuring Mutual Fund Performance:

We can measure mutual funds performance by different method:

Absolute Return Method:

Percentage change in NAV is an absolute measure of return, which finds the NAV appreciation between two
points of time, as a percentage.
e .g: If NAV of one fund changes from Rs.20 to Rs.22 in 12 months then
Absolute return = (22 20)/20 X 100 =10%

Simple Annual Return Method :

Converting a return value for a period other than one year, into a value for one year, is called as annualisation. In
order to annualize a rate, we find out what the return would be for a year, if the return behaved for a year, in the
same manner it did, for any other fractional period.
E .g: If NAV of one fund changes from Rs.20 to Rs.22 in 6 months then
Annual Return = (22 20) /20 X 12/6 X 100 = 20%

Total Return Method:

The total return method takes into account the dividends distributed by the mutual fund, and adds it to the NAV
appreciation, to arrive at returns.
Total Return =
(Dividend distributed + Change in NAV)/ NAV at the start X 100
e .g: If NAV of one fund changes from Rs.20 to Rs.22 in 6 months if in between dividend of Rs. 4 has been
distributed then
Total Return = {4 + (22 20)}/20 X 100 = 30%

Total Return when dividend is reinvested:

This method is also called the return on investment (ROI) method. In this method, the dividends are reinvested
into the scheme as soon as they are received at the then prevailing NAV (ex-dividend NAV).

25 | P a g e
= ((Value of holdings at the end of the period/ value of the holdings at the beginning) 1)*100
E.g. An investor buys 100 units of a fund at Rs. 10.5 on January 1, 2007. On June 30, 2007 he receives dividends
at the rate of 10%. The ex-dividend NAV was Rs. 10.25. On December 31, 2007, the funds NAV was Rs. 12.25.
Value of holdings at the beginning period= 10.5*100= 1050
Number of units re-invested = 100/10.25 = 9.756
End period value of investment = 109.756*12.25 = 1344.51 Rs.
Return on Investment = ((1344.51/1050)-1)*100
= 28.05%

Compounded Average Annual Return Method:

This method is basically used for calculating the return for more than 1 year. In this method return is calculated
with the following formula:
A = P X (1 + R / 100) N
Where P = Principal invested
A = maturity value
N = period of investment in years
R = Annualized compounded interest rate in %
R = {(Nth root of A / P) 1} X 100
E. g: If amount invested is Rs. 100 & in the end we get return of Rs. 200 & period of investment is 10 years then
annualized compounded return is
200 = 100 (1 + R / 100) 10
Rate = 7.2 %

RETURNS:
Returns have to be studied along with the risk. A fund could have earned higher return than the benchmark. But
such higher return may be accompanied by high risk. Therefore, we have to compare funds with the
26 | P a g e
benchmarks, on a risk adjusted basis. William Sharpe created a metric for fund performance, which enables the
ranking of funds on a risk adjusted basis.

Sharpe Ratio = Risk Premium

Funds Standard Deviation
Treynor Ratio = Risk Premium
Funds Beta
Risk Premium = Difference between the Funds Average return and Risk free return on government security or
treasury bill over a given period .

LIQUIDITY:
Most of the funds being sold today are open-ended. That is, investors can sell their existing units, or buy new
units, at any point of time, at prices that are related to the NAV of the fund on the date of the transaction. Since
investors continuously enter and exit funds, funds are actually able to provide liquidity to investors, even if the
underlying markets, in which the portfolio is invested, may not have the liquidity that the investor seeks.

EXPENSE RATIO:
Expense ratio is defined as the ratio of total expenses of the fund to the average net assets of the fund. Expense
ratio can actually understate the total expenses, because brokerage paid on transactions of a fund are not
included in the expenses. According to the current SEBI norms, brokerage commissions are capitalized and
included in the cost of the transactions.

Expense ratio = Total Expenses

Average Net Assets

COMPOSITION OF THE PORTFOLIO:

Credit quality of the portfolio is measured by looking at the credit ratings of the investments in the portfolio.
Mutual Fund fact sheets show the composition of the portfolio and the investments in various asset classes over
time.
Portfolio turnover rate is the ratio of lesser of asset purchased or sold by funds in the market to the net assets of
the fund.
If Portfolio ratio is 100% means portfolio has been changed fully. When Portfolio ratio is high means expense
ratio is high.

Portfolio Ratio = Total Sales & Purchase

Net Assets of fund

In order to meaningfully compare funds some level of similarity in the following factors has to be ensured:

Size of the funds

Investment objective

27 | P a g e
 Risk profile
Portfolio composition
Expense ratios

Fund evaluation against benchmark:

Funds can be evaluated against some performance indicators which are known as benchmarks.
There are 3 types of benchmarks:
Relative to market as whole
Relative to other comparable financial products
Relative to other mutual funds

Relative to market as whole:

There are different ways to measure the performance of fund w.r.t market as
Equity Funds
Index Fund An Index fund invests in the stock comprising of the index in the same ratio. This is a
passive management style.
For example,

Market Index Fund - BSE Sensex

Nifty Index Fund - NIFTY

The difference between the return of this fund and its index benchmark can be explained by TRACKING ERROR.

Active Equity Funds:

The fund manager actively manages this fund. To evaluate performance in such case we have to select an
appropriate benchmark.

Large diversified equity fund - BSE 100

Sector fund - Sectoral Indices

Debt Funds:
Debt fund can also be judged against a debt market index e.g. I-BEX

Relative to other comparable financial products:

28 | P a g e
Schemes Return Convenience
Safety Volatility Liquidity

Equity High Low High High

Moderate

FI Bonds Moderate High Moderate Moderate

High

Corporate Moderate Moderate Moderate Low

Debentures Low

Company Fixed
Moderate Low Low Low
Deposits Moderate

Bank Deposits Low High Low High

High

PPF Moderate High Low Moderate

High

Life Insurance Low High Low Low

Moderate

Gold Moderate High Moderate Moderate

Low

Real Estate High Moderate High Low

Low

Mutual Funds High High Moderate High

High

Schemes Investment Objective Risk Investment Horizon

Tolerance
Equity Term Capital Appreciation High Long

29 | P a g e
 FI Bonds Income Low Medium to Long term

Corporate Debentures
Income High Moderate Medium to Long term

Company Fixed
Income Moderate Low Medium
Deposits

Bank Deposits Income Generally Flexible all terms

PPF Income Low Long

Life Insurance Risk Cover Low Long

Gold Inflation Hedge Low Long

Real Estate Inflation Hedge Low Long

TAX TREATMENT FOR THE INVESTORS (UNITHOLDERS):-

Tax benefits of investing in the Mutual Fund

30 | P a g e
As per the taxation laws in force as at the date of the Offer Document, some broad income tax implications
of investing in the units of the Scheme are stated below. The information so stated is based on the Mutual
Fund's understanding of the tax laws in force as of the date of the Offer Document, which have been
confirmed by its auditors. The information stated below is only for the purposes of providing general
information to the investors and is neither designed nor intended tobe a substitute for professional tax
advice. As the tax consequences are specific to each investor and in view of the changing tax laws, each
investor is advised to consult his or her or its own tax consultant with respect to the specific tax implications
arising out of his or her or its participation in the Scheme.

Implications of the Income-tax Act, 1961 as amended by the Finance Act, 2006

To the Unit holders

(a.) Tax on Income

In accordance with the provisions of section 10(35)(a) of the Act, income received by all categories of unit
holders in respect of units of the Fund will be exempt from income-tax in their hands.
Exemption from income tax under section 10(35) of the Act would, however, not apply to any income arising
from the transfer of these units.

(b.) Tax on capital gains:

As per the provisions of section 2(42A) of the Act, a unit of a Mutual Fund, held by the investor as a capital
asset, is considered to be a short-term capital asset, if it is held for 12 months or less from the date of its
acquisition by the unit holder. Accordingly, if the unit is held for a period of more than 12 months, it is
treated as a long-term capital asset.

Computation of capital gain

Capital gains on transfer of units will be computed after taking into
account the cost of their acquisition. While calculating long-term capital gains, such cost will be indexed by
using the cost inflation index notified by the Government of India.
Individuals and HUFs, are granted a deduction from total income, under
section 80C of the Act upto Rs. 100,000, in respect of specified investments made during the year (please
also refer paragraph d).

Long-term capital gains

As per Section 10(38) of the Act, long-term capital gains arising from the
sale of unit of an equity oriented fund entered into in a recognized stock exchange or sale of such unit of an
equity oriented fund to the mutual fund would be exempt from income-tax, provided such transaction of
sale is chargeable to securities transaction tax.

31 | P a g e
 Pursuant to an amendment made in the Finance Act, 2006, effective 1
April 2006, companies would be required to include such long term capital gains in computing the book
profits and minimum alternated tax liability under section 115JB of the Act.

Short -term capital gains

As per Section 111A of the Act, short-term capital gains from the sale of
unit of an equity oriented fund entered into in a recognized stock exchange or sale of such unit of an equity
oriented fund to the mutual fund would be taxed at 10 per cent, provided such transaction of sale is
chargeable to securities transaction tax.

The said tax rate would be increased by a surcharge of:

- 10 per cent in case of non-corporate Unit holders, where the total income exceeds Rs.1,000,000,
- 10 per cent in case of resident corporate Unit holders, and
- 2.5 per cent in case of non-resident corporate unit holders irrespective of the amount of taxable income.
Further, an additional surcharge of 2 per cent by way of education cess would
be charged on amount of tax inclusive of surcharge.
In case of resident individual, if the income from short term capital gains is
less than the maximum amount not chargeable to tax, then there will be no tax payable.

Further, in case of individuals/ HUFs, being residents, where the total income excluding short-term capital
gains is below the maximum amount not chargeable to tax1, then the difference between the current
maximum amount not chargeable to tax and total income excluding short-term capital gains, shall be
adjusted from short-term capital gains. Therefore only the balance short term capital gains will be liable to
income tax at the rate of 10 percent plus surcharge, if applicable and education cess.

Non-residents
In case of non-resident unit holder who is a resident of a country with which
India has signed a Double Taxation Avoidance Agreement (which is in force) income tax is payable at the
rates provided in the Act, as discussed above, or the rates provided in the such agreement, if any, whichever
is more beneficial to such non-resident unit holder.

Investment by Minors
Where sale / repurchase is made during the minority of the child, tax will be
levied on either of the parents, whose income is greater, where the said income is not covered by the
exception in the proviso to section 64(1A) of the Act. When the child attains majority, such tax liability will
be on the child.

Losses arising from sale of units

- As per the provisions of section 94(7) of the Act, loss arising on transfer of units, which are
acquired within a period of three months prior to the record date (date fixed by the Fund for

32 | P a g e
 the purposes of entitlement of the unit holder to receive the income from units) and sold
within a period of nine months after the record date, shall not be allowed to the extent of
income distributed by the Fund in respect of such units.

- As per the provisions of section 94(8) of the Act, where any units ("original units") are
acquired within a period of three months prior to the record date (date fixed by the Fund for
the purposes of entitlement of the unit holder to receive bonus units) and any bonus units
are allotted (free of cost) based on the holding of the original units, the loss, if any, on sale of
the original units within a period of nine months after the record date, shall be ignored in the
computation of the unit holder's taxable income. Such loss will however, be deemed to be
the cost of acquisition of the bonus units.

--Each Unit holder is advised to consult his / her or its own professional tax advisor before
claiming set off of long-term capital loss arising on sale / repurchase of units of an equity
oriented fund referred to above, against long-term capital gains arising on sale of other
assets.

- Short-term capital loss suffered on sale / repurchase of units shall be available for set off
against both long-term and short-term capital gains arising on sale of other assets and
balance short-term capital loss shall be carried forward for set off against capital gains in
subsequent years.

- Carry forward of losses is admissible maximum upto eight assessment years.

(c.) Tax withholding on capital gains

Capital gains arising to a unit holder on repurchase of units by the Fund should attract tax
withholding as under:

- No tax needs to be withheld from capital gains arising to a FII on the basis of the provisions
of section 196D of the Act.

- In case of non-resident unit holder who is a resident of a country with which India has
signed a double taxation avoidance agreement (which is in force) the tax should be deducted
at source under section 195 of the Act at the rate provided in the Finance Act of the relevant
year or the rate provided in the said agreement, whichever is beneficial to such non-resident
unit holder. However, such a nonresident unit holder will be required to provide appropriate
documents to the Fund, to be entitled to the beneficial rate provided under such agreement.

- No tax needs to be withheld from capital gains arising to a resident unit holder on the basis
of the Circular no. 715 dated 8 August 1995 issued by the CBDT.

Subject to the above, the provisions relating to tax withholding in respect of gains arising from the sale of
units of the various schemes of the fund are as under:

- No tax is required is to be withheld from long term capital gains arising from sale of units in
equity oriented fund schemes, that are subject to securities transaction tax.
33 | P a g e
 - In respect of short-term capital gains arising to foreign companies (including Overseas
Corporate Bodies), the Fund is required to deduct tax at source at the rate of 10.46 per cent
(10 per cent tax plus 2.5 per cent surcharge thereon plus additional surcharge of 2 per cent
by way of education cess on the tax plus surcharge). In respect of short-term capital gains
arising to non-resident individual unit holders, the Fund is required to deduct tax at source at
the rate of 11.22 per cent (10 per cent tax plus 10 per cent surcharge thereon2 plus
additional surcharge of 2 per cent by way of education cess on the tax plus surcharge).

(d.) Wealth Tax

Units held under the Schemes of the Fund are not treated as assets within the meaning of
section 2(ea) of the Wealth Tax Act, 1957 and therefore, not liable to wealth-tax.

(e.) Securities Transaction Tax

Nature of Transaction Current tax rate Tax rate effective (%) 1 June 2006 (%) Delivery based
purchase transaction in equity shares or units of equity oriented fund entered in a recognized stock
exchange 0.1 0.125 Delivery based sale transaction in equity shares or units of equity oriented fund entered
in a recognized stock exchange 0.1 0.125 Non-delivery based sale transaction in equity shares or units of
equity oriented fund entered in a recognized stock exchange. 0.02 0.025 Sale of units of an equity oriented
fund to the mutual fund 0.2 0.25 Value of taxable securities transaction in case of units shall be the price at
which such units are purchased or sold.
A deduction in respect of securities transaction tax paid is not permitted for
the purpose of computation of business income or capital gains.
However, if the total income of an assessee includes any business income
arising from taxable securities transactions, he shall be entitled to a rebate3 from income-tax of an amount
equal to the securities transaction tax paid by him in respect of the taxable securities transactions entered
during the course of his business.

How is a mutual fund set up?

34 | P a g e
A mutual fund is set up in the form of a trust, which has sponsor, trustees, asset management company
(AMC) and custodian. The trust is established by a sponsor or more than one sponsor who is like promoter
of a company. The trustees of the mutual fund hold its property for the benefit of the unit holders. Asset
Management Company (AMC) approved by SEBI manages the funds by making investments in various types
of securities. Custodian, who is registered with SEBI, holds the securities of various schemes of the fund in
its custody. The trustees are vested with the general power of superintendence and direction over AMC.
They monitor the performance and compliance of SEBI Regulations by the mutual fund.

SEBI Regulations require that at least two thirds of the directors of trustee company or board of trustees
must be independent i.e. they should not be associated with the sponsors. Also, 50% of the directors of
AMC must be independent. All mutual funds are required to be registered with SEBI before they launch any
scheme.

Association of Mutual Funds in India (AMFI)

With the increase in mutual fund players in India, a need for mutual fund association in India was generated
to function as a non-profit organization. Association of Mutual Funds in India (AMFI) was incorporated on
22nd August, 1995.AMFI is an apex body of all Asset Management Companies (AMC) which has been
registered with SEBI. Till date all the AMCs are that have launched mutual fund schemes are its members. It
functions under the supervision and guidelines of its Board of Directors.

Association of Mutual Funds India has brought down the Indian Mutual Fund Industry to a professional and
healthy market with ethical lines enhancing and maintaining standards. It follows the principle of both
protecting and promoting the interests of mutual funds as well as their unit holders.

The objectives of Association of Mutual Funds in India:---

The Association of Mutual Funds of India works with 30 registered AMCs of the country. It has certain
defined objectives which juxtaposes the guidelines of its Board of Directors. The objectives are as follows:-

This mutual fund association of India maintains a high professional and ethical standards in all
areas of operation of the industry.
It also recommends and promotes the top class business practices and code of conduct which is
followed by members and related people engaged in the activities of mutual fund and asset
management. The agencies who are by any means connected or involved in the field of capital
markets and financial services also involved in this code of conduct of the association.
AMFI interacts with SEBI and works according to SEBIs guidelines in the mutual fund industry.
Association of Mutual Fund of India do represent the Government of India, the Reserve Bank of
India and other related bodies on matters relating to the Mutual Fund Industry.
It develops a team of well qualified and trained Agent distributors. It implements a programme
of training and certification for all intermediaries and other engaged in the mutual fund industry.

35 | P a g e
 AMFI undertakes all India awareness programme for investors in order to promote proper
understanding of the concept and working of mutual funds.

At last but not the least association of mutual fund of India also disseminate information on Mutual Fund
Industry and undertakes studies and research either directly or in association with other bodies.

The sponsorers of Association of Mutual Funds in India:---

- Bank Sponsored
- SBI Fund Management Ltd.
- BOB Asset Management Co. Ltd.
- Canbank Investment Management Services Ltd.
- UTI Asset Management Company Pvt. Ltd.

Institutions -
- GIC Asset Management Co. Ltd.
- Jeevan Bima Sahayog Asset Management Co. Ltd.

Private Sector: -

Indian -
- BenchMark Asset Management Co. Pvt. Ltd.
- Cholamandalam Asset Management Co. Ltd.
- Credit Capital Asset Management Co. Ltd.
- Escorts Asset Management Ltd.
- JM Financial Mutual Fund
- Kotak Mahindra Asset Management Co. Ltd.
- Reliance Capital Asset Management Ltd.
- Sahara Asset Management Co. Pvt. Ltd
- Sundaram Asset Management Company Ltd.
- Tata Asset Management Private Ltd.
- Predominantly India Joint Ventures:-
- Birla Sun Life Asset Management Co. Ltd.
- DSP Merrill Lynch Fund Managers Limited
- HDFC Asset Management Company Ltd.

Predominantly Foreign Joint Ventures:-

36 | P a g e
 - ABN AMRO Asset Management (I) Ltd.
- Alliance Capital Asset Management (India) Pvt. Ltd.
- Deutsche Asset Management (India) Pvt. Ltd.
- Fidelity Fund Management Private Limited
- Franklin Templeton Asset Mgmt. (India) Pvt. Ltd.
- HSBC Asset Management (India) Private Ltd.
- ING Investment Management (India) Pvt. Ltd.
- Morgan Stanley Investment Management Pvt. Ltd.
- Principal Asset Management Co. Pvt. Ltd.
- Prudential ICICI Asset Management Co. Ltd.
- Standard Chartered Asset Mgmt Co. Pvt. Ltd.

Tips on buying mutual funds:-

1. Determine your financial objectives and how much money you have to invest. Make sure the funds
objectives coincide with your own. Dont change your objectives or exceed the amount set aside for
investment unless you have good reason.

37 | P a g e
2. Always obtain all available information before you invest. Request the prospectus, the Statement of
Additional Information and the latest shareholder report from each fund you are considering.

3. Never invest in periodic payment plans unless you are virtually certain that you will not have to redeem
early. If you redeem early or do not complete the plan, you may have to pay sales charges of up to 51% of
your investment.

4. Be on the alert for incorporation by reference. You will have "no excuse" for not knowing this information,
if a problem arises. You may be legally presumed to know materials incorporated by reference in a
prospectus or other documents.

5. Always determine all sales charges, fees and expenses before you invest. Fees such as 12b-1 fees can cost
you dearly and charges for reinvestment of dividends and capital gains distributions can substantially add to
your costs. Shop around among the many funds offered and compare the various fees and costs connected
with funds that appeal to you.

6. Learn the costs of redemption. Sometimes investors are surprised to learn that they have to pay to get out
of funds through back-end loads or redemption fees. Find out the redemption costs before you invest so
you wont be unpleasantly surprised when you redeem your shares.

7. Never treat the risks of investment in a fund lightly. Weigh the risks of the funds you want to buy against
your ability to tolerate the ups and downs of the market and your investment goals. Be extra cautious when
considering investing in funds with high yield/high risk portfolios. Junk bond problems, for example,
invariably affect the funds performance.

8. Dont be misled by the name of a fund. Some funds have been given names denoting safety, stability and
low risk, despite the fact that the underlying investments in the portfolio are volatile and highly risky.

AUM

Assets Under Management (AUM) as at the end of May-2009 (Rs in

Lakhs)
38 | P a g e
 Average AUM For The Month
Excluding Fund
of Funds -
Mutual Fund Name Domestic but Fund Of Funds -
including Fund Domestic
of Funds -
Overseas
1. ABN AMRO Mutual Fund 592459.08 20979.02
2. AIG Global Investment Group Mutual
456809.8 0
Fund
3. Benchmark Mutual Fund 280241.84 0
4. Bharti AXA Mutual Fund N/A N/A
5. Birla Sun Life Mutual Fund 4142342.8 1854.08
6. BOB Mutual Fund 6776.69 0
7. Canara Robeco Mutual Fund 420417.41 0
8. DBS Chola Mutual Fund 185289.01 0
9. Deutsche Mutual Fund 1240531.71 0
10. DSP Merrill Lynch Mutual Fund 2155962.79 0
11. Edelweiss Mutual Fund N/A N/A
12. Escorts Mutual Fund 17065.31 0
13. Fidelity Mutual Fund 887973.14 2763.41
14. Franklin Templeton Mutual Fund 2799087.37 23660.71
15. HDFC Mutual Fund 5610729.27 0
16. HSBC Mutual Fund 1847223.18 0
17. ICICI Prudential Mutual Fund 5906002.34 3359.41
18. IDFC Mutual Fund 1427291.26 3776.66
19. ING Mutual Fund 916079.34 47916.62
20. JM Financial Mutual Fund 1296780.93 0
21. JPMorgan Mutual Fund 273018.18 0
22. Kotak Mahindra Mutual Fund 2217001.56 30651.82
23. LIC Mutual Fund 1864914.45 0
24. Lotus India Mutual Fund 788330.4 0
25. Mirae Asset Mutual Fund 216037.01 0
26. Morgan Stanley Mutual Fund 350997.47 0
27. PRINCIPAL Mutual Fund 1670542.76 0
28. Quantum Mutual Fund 6632.78 0
29. Reliance Mutual Fund 9843093.38 0
30. Sahara Mutual Fund 19814.33 0
31. SBI Mutual Fund 3179496.78 0
32. Sundaram BNP Paribas Mutual Fund 1459384.72 0
33. Tata Mutual Fund 2449586.66 0
34. Taurus Mutual Fund 33550.65 0
35. UTI Mutual Fund 5465168.28 0
Grand Total 60026632.68 134961.73

Company profile:
39 | P a g e
About HDFC Mutual Fund

ABOUT COMPANY HDFC

VISION

To be a dominant player in the Indian mutual fund

space, recognized for its high levels of ethical and
professional conduct and a commitment towards
enhancing investor interests.

ORGANIZATION AND MANAGEMENT

HDFC is a professionally managed organization with a board of directors consisting of eminent persons who
represent various fields including finance, taxation, construction and urban policy & development. The
board primarily focuses on strategy formulation, policy and control, designed to deliver increasing value to
shareholders.

Name and Designation Location Contact Number

Mr. Deepak S. Parekh is the executive Chairman of the Corporation. He is

fellow of the Institute of Chartered Accountants (England & Wales).Mr. Parekh
joined the Corporation in a senior management position in 1978.He was
inducted as a whole time director of the Corporation in 1985 and was appointed
as the Chairman in 1993. He is the chief executive officer of the Corporation
Mumbai.

40 | P a g e
Mr. K. M. Mistry the Managing Director of the Corporation. Is a Fellow of the Institute of Chartered
Accountants of India? He has been employed with the Corporation since 1981 and was the executive
director of the Corporation since 1993. He was appointed as the deputy managing director in 1999 and the
Managing Director in 2000. He is also a member of the Investors Grievance Committee of Directors.

Ms. Renu S. Karnad the Executive Director of the Corporation. Is a graduate in law
and holds a Masters degree in economics from Delhi University. She has
been employed with the Corporation since 1978 and was appointed as the
Executive Director of the Corporation in 2000. She is responsible for
overseeing all aspects of lending operations of HDFC.New Delhi.

BOARD OF DIRECTORS

Mr. D S Parekh - Chairman Mr. D N Ghosh

Mr. Keshub Mahindra - Vice Chairman Dr. S A Dave

Ms. Renu S. Karnad - Executive Director Mr. S Venkitaramanan

Mr. K M Mistry - Managing Director Dr. Ram S Tarneja

Mr. Shirish B Patel Mr. N M Munjee

Mr. B S Mehta Mr. D M Satwalekar

HDFC ASSET MANAGEMENT COMPANY LIMITED (AMC)

AMC was incorporated under the Companies Act, 1956, on December 10, 1999, and was approved to act as
an AMC for the Mutual Fund by SEBI on July 30, 2000.

41 | P a g e
The registered office of the AMC is situated at Ramon House, 3rd Floor, H.T. Parekh Marg, 169, Back bay
Reclamation, Church gate, Mumbai - 400 020.

In terms of the Investment Management Agreement, the Trustee has appointed HDFC Asset Management
Company Limited to manage the Mutual Fund

As per the terms of the Investment Management Agreement, the AMC will conduct the operations of the
Mutual Fund and manage assets of the schemes, including the schemes launched from time to time.

The present share holding pattern of the AMC is as follows:

Particulars % of the paid up capital

Housing Development Finance Corporation Limited 50.10

Standard Life Investments Limited 49.90

Zurich Insurance Company (ZIC), the Sponsor of Zurich India Mutual Fund, following a review of its overall
strategy, had decided to divest its Asset Management business in India. The AMC had entered into an
agreement with ZIC to acquire the said business, subject to necessary regulatory approvals.

On obtaining the regulatory approvals, the Schemes of Zurich India Mutual Fund has now migrated to HDFC
Mutual Fund on June 19, 2003. These schemes have been renamed as follows:

FORMER NAME NEW NAME

Zurich India Equity Fund HDFC Equity Fund

Zurich India Prudence Fund HDFC Prudence Fund

42 | P a g e
Zurich India Capital Builder Fund HDFC Capital Builder Fund

Zurich India Tax Saver Fund HDFC Tax Saver Fund

Zurich India Top 200 Fund HDFC Top 200 Fund

Zurich India High Interest Fund HDFC High Interest Fund

Zurich India Liquidity Fund HDFC Liquidity Fund

Zurich India Sovereign Gilt Fund HDFC Sovereign Gilt Fund

The AMC is managing 2 close ended Income Scheme viz. HDFC Fixed Investment Plan and HDFC Long Term
Equity Fund and 23 open-ended schemes of the Mutual Fund viz. HDFC Growth Fund (HGF), HDFC Balanced
Fund (HBF), HDFC Income Fund (HIF), HDFC Liquid Fund (HLF), HDFC Long Term Advantage Fund, HDFC Tax
Plan 2000 (HTP), HDFC Children's Gift Fund (HDFC CGF), HDFC Gilt Fund (HGILT), HDFC Short Term Plan
(HSTP), HDFC Index Fund, HDFC Floating Rate Income Fund (HFRIF), HDFC Equity Fund (HEF), HDFC Top 200
Fund, (HT200), HDFC Capital Builder Fund (HCBF), HDFC Tax Saver (HTS), HDFC Prudence Fund (HPF), HDFC
High Interest Fund (HHIF), HDFC Sovereign Gilt Fund (HSGF) and HDFC Cash Management Fund (HCMF),
HDFC MF Monthly Income Plan (HMIP), HDFC Core & Satellite Fund (HSCF), HDFC Multiple Yield Fund
(HMYF), HDFC Premier Multi-Cap Fund (HPM) and HDFC Multiple Yield Fund Plan 2005 (HMY2005).

The AMC is also providing portfolio management / advisory services and such activities are not in conflict
with the activities of the Mutual Fund. The AMC has renewed its registration from SEBI vide Registration No.
- PM / INP000000506 dated December 22, 2000 to act as a Portfolio Manager under the SEBI (Portfolio
Managers) Regulations, 1993. The Certificate of Registration is valid from January 1, 2004 to December 31,
2006.

SPONSORS

43 | P a g e
HOUSING DEVELOPMENT FINANCE CORPORATION LIMITED (HDFC):

HDFC was incorporated in 1977 as the first specialised housing finance institution in India. HDFC provides
financial assistance to individuals, corporate and developers for the purchase or construction of residential
housing. It also provides property related services (e.g. property identification, sales services and valuation),
training and consultancy. Of these activities, housing finance remains the dominant activity.

HDFC currently has a client base of over 8, 00,000 borrowers, 12, 00,000 depositors, 92,000 shareholders
and 50,000 deposit agents. HDFC raises funds from international agencies such as the World Bank, IFC
(Washington), USAID, CDC, ADB and KFW, domestic term loans from banks and insurance companies, bonds
and deposits. HDFC has received the highest rating for its bonds and deposits program for the ninth year in
succession. HDFC Standard Life Insurance Company Limited, promoted by HDFC was the first life insurance
company in the private sector to be granted a Certificate of Registration (on October 23, 2000) by the
Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority to transact life insurance business in India.

HDFC is India's premier housing finance company and enjoys an impeccable track record in India as well as
in international markets. Since its inception in 1977, the Corporation has maintained a consistent and
healthy growth in its operations to remain the market leader in mortgages. Its outstanding loan portfolio
covers well over a million dwelling units. HDFC has developed significant expertise in retail mortgage loans
to different market segments and also has a large corporate client base for its housing related credit
facilities. With its experience in the financial markets, a strong market reputation, large shareholder base
and unique consumer franchise, HDFC was ideally positioned to promote a bank in the Indian environment.

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HDFC MUTUAL FUND PRODUCTS

Equity Funds

HDFC Growth Fund

HDFC Long Term Advantage Fund

HDFC Index Fund

HDFC Equity Fund

HDFC Capital Builder Fund

HDFC Tax saver

HDFC Top 200 Fund

HDFC Core & Satellite Fund

HDFC Premier Multi-Cap Fund

HDFC Long Term Equity Fund

HDFC Mid-Cap Opportunity Fund

Balanced Funds

HDFC Children's Gift Fund Investment Plan

HDFC Children's Gift Fund Savings Plan

HDFC Balanced Fund

HDFC Prudence Fund

Debt Funds

HDFC Income Fund

HDFC Liquid Fund

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HDFC Gilt Fund Short Term Plan

HDFC Gilt Fund Long Term Plan

HDFC Short Term Plan

HDFC Floating Rate Income Fund Short Term Plan

HDFC Floating Rate Income Fund Long Term Plan

HDFC Liquid Fund - PREMIUM PLAN

HDFC Liquid Fund - PREMIUM PLUS PLAN

HDFC Short Term Plan - PREMIUM PLAN

HDFC Short Term Plan - PREMIUM PLUS PLAN

HDFC Income Fund Premium Plan

HDFC Income Fund Premium plus Plan

HDFC High Interest Fund

HDFC High Interest Fund - Short Term Plan

HDFC Sovereign Gilt Fund - Savings Plan

HDFC Sovereign Gilt Fund - Investment Plan

HDFC Sovereign Gilt Fund - Provident Plan

HDFC Cash Management Fund - Savings Plan

HDFC Cash Management Fund - Call Plan

HDFCMF Monthly Income Plan - Short Term Plan

HDFCMF Monthly Income Plan - Long Term Plan

HDFC Cash Management Fund - Savings Plus Plan

POSITIONING STRATEGY
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Positioning is the act of designing the companys offering and image to occupy a distinctive place in the
target markets mind.

Positioning starts with a product. A piece of merchandise, a service, a company, an institution, or even a
person. But positioning is not what you do to a product. Positioning is what you do the mind of the
prospect. That is, you position the product in the mind of prospect. A companys differentiating and
positioning strategy must change as the product, market, and competitors change over time. Once the
company has developed a clear positioning strategy, it must communicate at the positioning effectively.
There should be no under positioning, over positioning, confused positioning or doubtful positioning.

HDFC Asset Management Company, have positioning strategy of Continuing a Tradition of Trust. It is
accurate positioning strategy because it signifies a trust with its clients.

Here is special Relationship Manager dedicated towards customer service and satisfaction and give them
guidance about various schemes which helps them to get right scheme which suit their investment needs.
In this way it continues to maintain a trust with its clients.

Study and Survey:

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Objective
This study is conducted in order to find out:-

- Current trends of mutual funds in the Indian market.

- Investors perception towards mutual funds investment option.

- Different views of professional advisors.

RATIONALE OF STUDY
The study of this nature is being conducted on the behalf of IDFC AMC (Standard charted) for prediction of
future of mutual funds in Indian emerging market. A high level of competition entering the mutual funds
sector, companies need to catch up with the ever changing demands of the industry. The study is being
conducted to get an edge over other MFs houses in the mutual fund industry. It is also done in order to
know as to how much knowledge and money the consumers contribute in the MFs schemes.

Survey Methodology
Survey comprises collecting, organizing, and evaluating data, reaching at a specific conclusion and at the
same time careful evaluation of the conclusion. Collection of data has been done by two ways (1) primary
data collection; and (2) secondary data collection, through questionnaires and websites, magazines,
newspapers, documents, etc. Area of data collection was HDFC Bank branches at allahabad, (mumbai).
Analysis of data has been done with the help of spss software. Articles are attached from various
magazines. Conclusion is drown from result of different data processing and articles analyzation.

LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY

The survey was conducted in some area of allahabad. The standard of living, per capita income of people,
earning style, etc. of this region is different from other areas. Therefore, the inferences drawn from the
survey cant be generalized.

Another major limitation was unwillingness of respondents to reveal

information. Due to lack of sufficient time and hesitation to reveal information regarding their investments,
it was a difficult task to extract information from them.
Sample size was also small i.e. 100. Therefore, it is very difficult to infer correct conclusions from small
sample.
Findings

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1. This graph clearly shows that young people are more likely to visit bank branches. Thus
more chances of getting long term, more risk taker and aggressive investors.

Figure 1

Age group

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 2. Here data shows that people are willing to earn more return than that of they earn
in traditional ways of investment.

Expected returns
Figure 2

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3. This graph predicts that generally consumers keep a smaller part of their disposable
income aside for different investment options.

% of disposable income
Figure 3

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4. This graphical representation clearly shows that investors give smaller part of their
investment pool to mutual funds investment.

% of total investment
Figure 4

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5. These pillars provide a clear thought to our mind that in India professional advisors are
more reliable source to get mutual funds related information.

No. of persons

Figure 5

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6. This chart is showing that Indian investors are willing to stay invested for a time duration
of more than 12 months. They have patience, they want to earn more money on their
investment, and this is a bright sign for mutual funds industry.

Figure 6

Key findings:-

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# Study found that more young people are likely to involved in financial activities. They more frequently
visit banks and meet financial advisors. This is an opportunity for mutual funds houses to attract these
people.

# More than 50% of surveyed persons willing to take high risk for high rate of return. This indicates that
riskier investment options can also attract big pool of money if investors are properly convinced.

# Study shows professional advisors are considered to be more reliable source of mutual funds information,
not because they provide human touch to investor but others are not aggressively proposed, advertised,
availed and used .

# An another observation made by study was , many a time advisors themselves do not get timely updates
from AMCs. This leads them not to offer some of schemes those may give good returns.

# technological advancements are at nascent stage. Therefore these channels will take time to come in
picture. In other words these are seems to narrow ways to walk.

# surveyed persons are not having knowledge of more than 10 AMCs name and not more than 7 schemes of
any one of mutual fund houses. This requires an aggressive marketing of funds. So that awareness level of
investor can be improved.

Professional advisors think that investors are not educated properly. They (investor) rely on what others say
or what they (advisors) say. Its easy to convince them for investment but not so easy to make them clear
about market affecting factors. Stock market is going low and I am already losing, you are asking for
investment in market, sorry I am not interested. An investor grievance.

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Conclusion & recommendations:

After going through a two and half months summer training and survey, I have come to know about
different aspects of mutual funds and mutual funds industry. India is an emerging market. Consumption
level is rising with rising earning level. Economic indicators micro and macro both show a sky facing arrows.
Data shows that there will be more number of billionaires from India than any of other country.

We know that Indians are earning more therefore spending more, but how much they save/invest in order
to secure future. There are numbers of traditional ways of saving. They give guaranteed return with low risk.
High risk associated investment options was not considered a right decision. India is a young country having
a considerably big part of young people. They are more risk taker. They need a right direction for investment
options.

This study and survey on mutual funds is a small eye hole to see the picture of mutual funds industry in
India. This provides almost clear view to the readers.

Mutual funds industry is enlarging its size in India. JVs, foreign JVs and acquisitions are in trend. AUM has
gone to $8 trillion, number of investors is rising, and number of AMCs is going up. These changes are likely
to happen. Indian monetary policy is supporting new business. Private sector is aggressively participating in
mutual funds business. Numbers of schemes are much more than earlier.

With such shining sides, double digit inflation rate, bearish stock market, RBIs high bank rates, squeezing
liquidity and other dark sides putting pressure on consumers saving. This situation pushes investors back
from investment. They wait and hold cash rather than investing. This study found that investors are willing
to invest with high rate of return. They know high return always adhere to high risk but market still is not in
correction mode. It will take time.

Indian market potential is high, investors are willing to pour money in mutual funds, despite some
temporary restraints, other economic factors are in favorable mode. Thus we need proper management of
advisory services, more schemes, financial advisors and institutions to cater untouched markets.

Industry need to revise its business strategy. Investors perception is not prioritized yet. Instead of
completing targets, advisors working under institutions should consider the requirement of investors. We
need to change pattern of selling mutual funds schemes.

I hope this study will help readers to identify industrys unidentified areas where they need to work out.

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 Questionnaires

[I] For staff of HDFC Bank Ltd.

1. How long have you been selling mutual funds?

2. By what way did you used to communicate to your clients?

3. Do you still follow the same modes?

4. Industry is changing, consumer`s perception is changing, Indian economy is also dynamic,

growing, how do you justify your job with such a changing scenario?

5. How do you describe technological innovation in mutual funds , by what extent seen and
foreseen changes are caused by it?

6. If I keep all recommendations aside and simply ask you, what factors do you consider before
suggesting any scheme to a prospective client?

7. Demand and supply mechanism moreover is applicable to buying and selling, what is the present
seen of this mechanism for mutual funds in India?

8. Data says that in US number of mutual funds schemes are more than that of number of listed
companies at stock exchange whereas in India not more than 1000 schemes. How do you react on
this situation?

9. One side double digit inflation rate, RBIs norms for curbing liquidity from market, high price of
fuel, are putting pressure on consumer s savings, on the other side SEBI and RBI are relaxing norms
for AMCs business. How these two repelling poles can stand simultaneously?

10. Number of distribution channels is increasing just to cater untouched market. What do you
think?

11. Finally, where do you see this industry in coming 10years horizon?

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[II] For clients of HDFC Bank Ltd.

1. Which of the following age bands do you fall in to?

Less than 21

21 to 25

25 to 35

35 to 60

Above 60

2. What is your primary source of income?

Your pension

Your salary

Income from your business

Rental income from investment properties

3. What is your return expectation on your investment?

Up to 8%

Between 8% to 18%

Above 18%

4. How would you describe/rate your level of knowledge of financial products?

Low level of knowledge

Medium level of knowledge

High level of knowledge

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 5. What level of risk are you willing to accept on your investment?

I want to protect my capital

I am comfortable with a small degree of risk

I am comfortable accepting the fact that investment could decline

I am willing to tolerate putting my principal at risk by investing in volatile investments

6. What percent of your disposable income do you keep aside for different investment options?

0% to 5%

5% to 10%

10% to 15%

15% to 20%

20% to 30%

Above 30%

7. What percent of above mentioned percentage part do you invest in mutual funds?

0% to 5%

5% to 10%

10% to 20%

20% to 30%

30% to 50%

Above 50%

8. Which of the following source of mutual funds information do you like to opt for?

Professional advisory

Company advisory

Mutual fund prospects

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 Newspaper, magazine, television

Mutual fund rating service

9. How long are you planning to stay invested?

Long term > 12 months

Medium term 6 12 months

Short term < 6 months

10. How likely are you stay invested during volatile times?

Unlikely you will stay invested

Likely you will stay invested

Highly likely to remain invested

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Glossary:-

Back-end Load - Charge imposed by a mutual fund when an investor redeems shares. Redemption
fees and contingent deferred sales charges are examples.

Contingent Deferred Sales Charges - Back-end load imposed on an investor who redeems shares. It is
usually expressed as a percentage of the original purchase price or of the value of shares redeemed.
In most cases, the longer the investor holds his shares, the smaller the deferred sales charge.

Distribution - Payments made to shareholders by the mutual fund. Interest and stock dividends
earned by the funds portfolio are passed to shareholders as dividends, while capital gains are
passed as capital gains distributions.

Dividend Reinvestment Fee - Fee charged when an investor uses dividends paid by a mutual fund to
purchase additional shares of the mutual fund.

Exchange Fee - Fee charged when an investor switches from one mutual fund to another in the same
family of funds.

Front-end Load - Sales charge applied at the time the investor purchases shares.

Investment Companies - The companies that pool investor monies to purchase securities. The
Investment Company Act of 1940 created three types of investment companies: face-amount
certificate companies, unit investment trusts and management companies.

Management Companies - There are two types: open-end and closed-end. Open-end funds, which
sell and buy shares back on demand, are called mutual funds. Closed-end funds have a fixed number
of shares. After the initial public offering, shares in closed-end funds trade only on exchanges. The
price is determined by the market and does not necessarily reflect the net asset value of the shares.

Management Fee - A fee paid by the mutual fund to its investment adviser and charged against fund
assets, generally 1% or less per year.

Net Asset Value - In effect, the share price of a fund computed daily by adding the value of the funds
securities and other assets, subtracting liabilities, and dividing by the number of shares outstanding.
For a mutual fund with a front-end load, net asset value is identical to the "asked price" or "offering
price."

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 Prospectus - A disclosure document which should provide the investor with full and complete
disclosure of all material information needed by the investor to make a decision whether or not to
invest. The prospectus generally incorporates the SAI by "reference." (See SAI definition.)

Redemption Fee - A fee charged to an investor who redeems shares. It is generally expressed as a
percentage of the value of shares redeemed.

Rule 12b-1 Fee - An asset-based sales load, permitted by SEC Rule 12b-1, representing annual
charges of up to 1-1/4% for specific sales or promotional activities of the mutual fund. Over time,
the amount paid in Rule 12b-1 fees can surpass the amount paid in sales fees charged by load funds.

SAI - A disclosure document called a Statement of Additional Information. The SAI is not required to
be furnished by mutual funds to investors unless investors specifically request it. Investors are
responsible for information in the SAI, even if they dont request it.

Total Return - A computation of mutual fund performance which measures changes in total value
over a specified time period. Included in the computation are distributions paid to investors, capital
gains distributions and unrealized capital gains and losses. Since all fund activity which has an effect
on net asset value is represented, this measure provides a picture of performance which is more
complete than yield.

Yield - A measure of mutual fund performance, which is figured by dividing the income generated
(dividends, capital gains distribution, etc.) per share for a specific time period by the funds current
price per share. For example if, during a year, a single share of a fund had paid income totaling $1
and its share price was $10, the annual yield for that year would be figured by dividing 1 by 10,
which equals one tenth, or a yield of 10%.

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 References:-

www.hdfc.com

www.moneycontrolindia.com

http://www.nse-india.com

http://www.amfiindia.com

http://www.mutualfundsindia.com

http://www.sebi.gov.in

www.businessmapsofindia.com

www.ceicdata.com

www.economictimes.com

www.valueresearchonline.com

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