CEBU INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

UNIVERSITY

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND ARCHITECTURE

MECHANICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

ME 513 P2
INDUSTRIAL PROCESSESS
3:00 4:00 TTH

PAINTS

Submitted by:
DE JESUS, JOHANNES AGUSTUS
KINTANAR, KYLE THEO
MALACASTE, REY ANTHONY
PRADO, REALINO G.

Submitted to:
ENGR. RODULFO R. NAVARRO JR.
Instructor
I. INTRODUCTION

Colors are an integral part of life. They are an indication of emotion and
feelings, statement of status, expression of ideology, symbol of religion and
beliefs, vehicle of discipline and unfortunately, basis of racial discrimination.
Colors cut across geographical boundaries, languages and cultures; speaking
a common language and yet having contrary connotations for different people.
Man inspired by nature and spurred by his own imagination, has learnt to
express himself using colors as paints.

Paint can be defined as fluid material, which when spread over a surface in
the form of a thin layer, will form a solid, adherent and cohesive opaque film.
Some paints are also available in powder form. They are either converted to
fluid form by addition of suitable thinner prior to application or applied directly.

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pigment

II. HISTORY

Humans have felt the need to leave their mark on the world in the form of
painted images since prehistory. If we look at how art evolved over the years
we can know a number of things about the people that created them and the
societies they lived in. At some point early man figured out that by mixing color
giving particles known as pigments into a medium like water or saliva- paint
was invented.
 Source: Colors: The Story of Dyes and Pigments by Bernard Guineau et al

The origin of paints can be traced back to the pre-historic period (4000 BC).
The cave dwellers of those times expressed their abilities by drawing with
colored mud on the walls. The pre-historic paints made by mixing colored mud
with water and animal fat (used as binder), were applied with fingers or sticks.

The prehistoric palettes of paints were all made from pigments obtained
from the earth. The earliest pigments were earth pigments (ochre and umber),
charcoal (carbon black and bone black), and white (calcium).

Source: Colors: The Story of Dyes and Pigments by Bernard Guineau et al

In 3000 BC, the period of history when man began to record their own
history starts with antiquity. Man had begun growing crops, domesticating
animals and living in permanent settlements. The majority of art produced
during this time was also on walls for decorative purposes. Except the walls
they painted on were on architectural wonders such as the pyramids, palaces,
and temples. The basic Egyptian palette added blue and green to prehistoric
palette. They made green pigment from a mineral of copper known as
malachite. The blue hue known as ultramarine was being produced as far back
as antiquity. This pigment was extremely expensive because it was only
produced from the lapis lazuli mines in Afghanistan.

The renaissance was a period when art flourished. This in turn increased
the demand for paint and pigment. A great number of techniques were a
product of the renaissance. Instead of using egg as a base for pigment, artists
began to use linseed or walnut oil which dried more slowly. Since paint took
longer to dry, artists now had the luxury to experiment with depth and
perspective, but more importantly they began to mix different paints to make
new shades and hues.

Source: Colors: The Story of Dyes and Pigments by Bernard Guineau et al

Up until the modern age paint was made mostly by the artists themselves.
Watercolor became popular when art became a hobby of the wealthy. In 1776
William Reeves began a company that produced cakes of watercolor. In his
process he realized that the cakes of color he produced could be kept from
cracking by adding small amounts of honey into the formula. By the early 1700's
producing paint became a profession.

The 20th century revolutionized the concept of paint application. The ever-
increasing demand for paints necessitated the introduction of new synthetic
pigments, binders and application techniques. Industrialization changed the
world of color completely with the paint-tube. Paint companies figured out a
way of suspending pigments in linseed oil, and also keeping the paint from
drying too quickly. Artists now had a convenient and portable set of premixed
color.

The advances in chemistry during this time led to many inventions within
the paint and dye industries. A variety of colors such as cobalt blue, veridian,
cadmium yellow, cerulean blue, cobalt violet, and emerald green were all
invented within 50 years of each other. The increased demand for dyes in the
early 1800's had nothing to do with dye. The industry scale production of
textiles demanded new and interesting dyes, and two old dyes were
 synthesized to make a new one. In fact paint took a back seat to the industry
of dyes.

The evolution of color as we know it today comes from man's need to

capture the vibrant world around him. Till today advances in science and
technology aid the development of paints and pigments that can be applied
better, and last a lifetime for generations to appreciate.

III. DEFINITION OF TERMS

IV. RAW MATERIALS
V. INDUSTRIAL PROCESSES
VI. MACHINE/EQUIPMENT
VII. PRODUCTS
VIII. CONLUSION
IX. REFERENCES