PAPER CLIP

INDIVIDUAL ASSIGNMENT
PLT223 MACHINE DESIGN
10/24/2017

MOHD HAFIZUL EZUAN BIN HASSIM

161362376
TECHNOLOGY ROBOTIC AND AUTOMATION
What is Paper Clip?
A paper clip is an instrument used to hold sheets of paper together,
usually made of steel wire bent to a looped shape. Most paper clips are
variations of the Gem type introduced in the 1890s or earlier,
characterized by the almost two full loops made by the wire. Common to
paper clips proper is their utilization of torsion and elasticity in the wire,
and friction between wire and paper. When a moderate number of
sheets are inserted between the two "tongues" of the clip, the tongues
will be forced apart and cause torsion in the bend of the wire to grip the
sheets together.
HISTORY
When were paper clips introduced?
According to the Early Office Museum, the first patent for a bent wire paper clip was
awarded in the United States to Samuel B. Fay, in 1867. This clip was originally
intended primarily for attaching tickets to fabric, although the patent recognized that
it could be used to attach papers together. Fay received U.S. patent 64,088 on April
23, 1867. Although functional and practical, Fay's design along with the 50 other
designs patented prior to 1899 are not considered reminiscent of the modern
paperclip design known today. Another notable paper clip design was also patented
in the United States by Erlman J. Wright in 1877. This clip was advertised at that
time for use in fastening newspapers.

The most common type of wire paper clip still in use, the Gem paper clip, was never
patented, but it was most likely in production in Britain in the early 1870s by "The
Gem Manufacturing Company", according to the American expert on technological
innovations, Professor Henry J. Petroski. He refers to an 1883 article about "Gem
Paper-Fasteners", praising them for being "better than ordinary pins" for "binding
together papers on the same subject, a bundle of letters, or pages of a
manuscript". Since the 1883 article had no illustration of this early "Gem", it may
have been different from modern paper clips of that name. The earliest
documentation of its existence is an 1894 advertisement for "Gem Paper Clips".In
1904 Cushman & Denison registered a trade mark for the "Gem" name in connection
with paper clips. The announcement stated that it had been used since March 1,
1892, which may have been the time of its introduction in the United States.Paper
clips are still sometimes called "Gem clips", and in Swedish the word for any paper
clip is "gem".
Definite proof that the modern type of paper clip was well known in 1899 at the
latest, is the patent granted to William Middlebrook of Waterbury, Connecticut on
April 27 of that year for a "Machine for making wire paper clips." The drawing clearly
shows that the product is a perfect clip of the Gem type. The fact that Middlebrook
did not mention it by name, suggests that it was already well known at the time.
Since then countless variations on the same theme have been patented. Some have
pointed instead of rounded ends, some have the end of one loop bent slightly to
make it easier to insert sheets of paper, and some have wires with undulations or
barbs to get a better grip. In addition, purely aesthetic variants have been patented,
clips with triangular or round shapes. But the original Gem type has for more than a
hundred years proved to be the most practical, and consequently by far the most
popular. Its qualitiesease of use, gripping without tearing, and storing without
tanglinghave been difficult to improve upon.
Functional

hem holder
cigar filter unstopper
spray bottle unclogger
eye glass repair
hair barrette
zipper tab
clean fingernails
Xmas ornament holder
unclog Elmer's glue bottle
calendar holder
belt holder
emergency cotter pin
emergency diaper pin (boy! do I date myself there!)
unclog baby bottle nipples (man! I was sure careful to put
all the modifiers in there)
strawberry huller
cherry pit remover
hymn marker (for organists)
a substitute for the thingy that holds the scotch tape in a
tape dispenser
substitute for a twist-tie to close a plastic bag
poke snoozing parishioners
clean the little roller thingies in your mouse
a pastor's helper to assist in making sure he turns the right
number of pages in the altar book while conducting the
Communion liturgy
substitute toothpick and/or hard floss
clean the shaft on your mechanical pencil
toenail cleaner
emergency Tie Tack (large ones only)
inexpensive ear (or body?)-piercing tool
inexpensive ear (or nose?)ring
when combined with a rubber band, can be used to earn a
three-day vacation" from eighth grade
sparkly and useful alternative to throwing rice at weddings
SAFE

Based on the inventor of paper clip, the safe factor must be known.

The criteria is :

Design :

The design must not be sharp like a knife because it will hurt other and dangerous. It
more like a round and long shape. Furthermore, it is easy to move paper clip and
change it.

Temperature :

The temperature must not be too hot or too cold. Too hot will be dangerous and too
cold also not suggest. The best temperature is 30 degree celcious. Paper clip can
withstand the temperature risk.

Material :

Material must not made with iron because it will be too heavy and cause danger with
risk. It can be made of plastic material or aluminium. It is more light because it will
help it to lift.
Reliable

Fun Fact: There have been more than 60 different types of paper clips manufactured
over the years.

Why There Are So Many Types of Paper Clips

Because so many paper clip designs were initially protected by patents,

manufacturers had to keep coming up with new designs. Additionally, there is not a
single paper clip design that is ideal for all purposes.

There have been 65 different types of paper clips identified by the Early Office
Museum and listed on their website. From the first patent in 1867, to the Vee-Clip
first marketed in 1966, to an unidentified Serbian clip from 2008, the clips vary vastly
in design, shape and size.

According to the Early Office Museum website, the characteristics of paper clips that
suppliers used to market different styles over the years included:

1. Does not catch, mutilate, or tear papers

2. Does not get tangled with other clips in the box
3. Holds a thick set of papers
4. Grips firmly, holds papers securely
5. Is flat or thin and takes less space in files
6. Is easily inserted
7. Is light weight and requires less postage
8. Is non-deforming
9. Is cheap (e.g., because it uses less wire)
Competitive

Hundreds of paper clips are created per minute in paper clip-making machines.
The galvanized wire runs by small wheels that catch and cut it in the correct places
to form the familiar paper clips. Australia is the world's largest iron exporter, and
most paper clips are made in North America, specifically by the office product
manufacturer Staples in Boston, Mass.

Paperclip Design Limited is an industrial design studio that seeks solutions to

everyday problems with a focus on aviation & seating-related issues. Paperclip
Design is the brainchild of designer James Lee and was incorporated in Hong Kong
in 2012.

Usable

Hold the clip by the longer, outer loop

With the thumb and forefinger of the other hand, grasp the smaller, inner loop.
Pull the smaller, inner loop out and down 90 so that a right angle is formed as
shown.
 Continue to hold the clip by the longer, outer loop.
With the thumb and forefinger of the other hand, grasp the smaller, inner loop.
Push the smaller, inner loop up and in 90 so that the smaller loop is returned to
the original upright position in line with the larger, outer loop as shown
Manufacturable

The manufacturing process for paper clips is fairly simple, using a specialized wire
forming machine. Moreover, the process has not changed much since the 1930s.

1. The process begins with a huge spool of galvanized steel wire. A worker
feeds the end of the wire into the paper clip machine. A finished paper clip
has three bends. The machine forms the wire into these three bends by
cutting it and passing it by three small wheels. The wheels are slightly
roughened, and catch the length of wire as it passes.
2. The first wheel turns the wire 180 degrees, making the first bend, the second
makes the next bend, and the third wheel makes the final turn. The entire
process is so quick, the machine can churn out hundreds of clips a minute.
3. The finished paper clips fall into open boxes. The boxes are shut and sealed.
Depending on the size of the factory, many paper clip machines may be
operating at once. Automated controls allow one worker to monitor dozens of
machines.

The simple threading of a paper clip machine.

Marketable

What is Mojo?

Everybody talks about big data with many uses starting with predictive analytics of
this big data. What you never hear is how do we create usable big data and that is
PaperClip Mojo, where big data begins.

PaperClip Mojo is a new Platform as a Service born in the Cloud to engage Crowd
Sourcing for Big Data processing. The ability to transcribe, translate and
interpretation of Big Data faster and more accurate than ever before is a killer app.
Cloud computing turns what took hours and days into seconds and minutes. Crowd
Sourcing reaches a global workforce for accuracy and new capabilities never
experienced before.

The promise to transform handwriting from paper to usable data by technology has
never been achieved and never will. Large companies today hire off shore
organizations leveraging their inexpensive labor pool providing 24 hour turnarounds.

New opportunities focus on multi-media interpretation into data allowing information

never seen before used as a competitive advantage. Imagine now Realtors can send
pictures to a Crowd Source group to capture room color, type of floor, how many
windows, kitchen sink style and more. Working this data with predictive analytics can
now show which homes may sell quicker and for more money.
Reference

Internet :

https://www.paperclip.com/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paper_clip

http://www.xrysostom.com/paperclip.html

Lecturer :

Machine design lecturer notes