PROJECT TITLE

STUDY OF EFFECT OF
COLUMN ORIENTATION IN
MULTISTORY BUILDING
 Student Detail
1. Panchal Dhurv G. (100780106032)
2. Hadiyol Vishalsinh K. (090780106058)
3. Patel Bhavik V. (110780106019)
4. Chaudhry Prakash G. (110780601038)

BRANCH : CIVIL ENGINEERING

SEMESTER : 8th
GROUP NO. : 09
TEAM ID : 27248
YEAR : 2014-2015
 Guides Details

NAME : Dr. Ami H. Shah

DEPARTMENT : Civil Engineering
INSTITUTE NAME : Smt. S.R.Patel Engineering
college, Dabhi, Unjha

NAME : Prof. Yogesh B. Patel

DEPARTMENT : Civil Engineering
INSTITUTE NAME : Smt. S.R.Patel Engineering
college, Dabhi, Unjha
PRESENTATION OUTLINE
INTRODUCTION
OBJECTIVE
PROCEDURE
PREFERED LITERATURE
LITERATURE REVIEW
ANALYSIS METHOD
CONCLUSION
 INTRODUCTION
Looking to the past records of earthquake, there is
increase in the demand of earthquake resisting building
which can be fulfilled by providing proper column
orientation in the building.

Also due to the major earthquakes in the recent parts the

codal provisions revised and implementing more
weightage on earthquake design of structure.
 INTRODUCTION (cont.)
Generally structures are subjected to two types of loads i.e. Static
and dynamic.
Static loads are constant while dynamic loads are varying with time.
In majority civil structures only static loads are considered while
dynamic loads are not calculated because the calculations are more
complicated. This may cause disaster particularly during
Earthquake due to seismic waves.
Thats why we will Analyze the nature of dynamic loads during
earthquake and will prepare such a design which can resist
earthquake upto certain extent.
 What is Column orientation?
By providing proper column orientation in multi-storied
building we can resist seismic waves of earthquake. The
loads are calculated by staad.pro software after changing
the direction of column orientation at various parts of
building.

The different location of column orientation in R.C.

Building will be modelled in Bentley Staad.pro software
and the result in terms of nodal displacement, shear
force , bending moment will be compared.
 COLUMN ORIENTATION

Orientation done in both

direction at interval of one
column

Orientation in single direction

CAUSES OF EARTHQUAKE
The primary cause of earthquakes is the movement of
masses of earth along fault lines.
A fault line is the surface trace of a fault, the line of
intersection between the fault plane and the Earth's
surface. Since faults do not usually consist of a single,
clean fracture, geologists use the term fault zone when
referring to the zone of complex deformation associated
with the fault plane.
Fault lines can occur anywhere.
 They are normally created from pressure generated by the
movement of continental plates on the mantle of the earth.

These plates were first theorized by a German meteorologist

and astronomer named Alfred Lothar Wegener (1880-1930).
There is constant pressure on continental plates to move. Yet
the friction of land masses being pushed together only allows
movement to occur in fits and starts.
When movement finally comes as a result of all this
continental pushing, we often feel it, and we call it an
earthquake.
Types of Earthquakes
Tectonic earthquake :
The sudden release of strain energy by rupture of the
rock at plate boundary (fault plane) is the primary
cause of seismic activity around the world.

Volcanic earthquake :
Shallow volcanic earthquakes may result from sudden
shifting or movement of magma. Plutonic earthquakes
are caused by deep-seated changes.

Landslides :
Massive landslides associated with the volcanic
activity produced significant ground motion.
 OBJECTIVE
The main objective of this project is to check and
compare the seismic response of multi-storied building
for different directions of column orientation so, that
one can choose the best alternative for construction in
earthquake-prone area.

The different directions of column orientation in R.C.

Building will be modelled in Bentley Staad.pro software
and the result in terms of nodes displacement, Shear
force & bending moment will be compared.
PROCEDURE
Code Provision
Literature
Review Paper Title

Dynamic Method
Load Calculation Static method

Flow Chart
Methodology
detail Suitable Data
PREFERED LITERATURE
IS : 1893 (part1) : 2002, Criteria for Earthquake
Resistant Structure.

IS : 4326: 1993-IS code of practice

for Earthquake resistant design and construction of
building.

Name: International Journal of Engineering Research

and Applications (IJERA) ISSN:2248-9622 Vol.2,
Issue3, May-Jun2012, pp.1786-1793
 LITERATURE REVIEW
Research Paper 1
Title: Effect of Change in Shear Wall Location on Storied
Drift of Multi-storied Building Subjected to Lateral Loads.

Journal/Conference Name:International Journal of

Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) ISSN:2248-
9622 Vol.2, Issue3, May-Jun2012, pp.1786-1793

Author:AshishS.Agrawal,S.D.Charkha
LITERATURE REVIEW
ABSTRACT
In this paper, study of 25 storey building in zone V is
presented with some preliminary investigation which is
analysed by changing various position of shear wall with
different shapes for determining parameters like storey
drift, axial load and displacement.
WORK DONE BY AUTHOR
Case no.1 without shear wall

Caseno.2 When Shear wall (Liftcore) is placed at centre

of building.

Caseno.3 When Shear wall (liftcore) placed at centre

and four shear wall placed at outer edge symmetrically
parallel toY direction.
 Caseno.4 When Shear wall (Lift core) is located 7.5m
from the centroid in X-direction.

Caseno.5When Shearwall (Liftcore) is located 7.5m

from the centroid in X-direction and four Shear wall
placed at outer edge symmetrically parallel to Y
direction.
CONCLUSION
From preliminary investigation reveals that the
significant effects on deflection in orthogonal direction
by The shifting the shear wall location.

Placing Shear wall away from centre of gravity resulted

in increase in most of the members forces. It may be
observed that displacement of the building floor at
storey 25 has been reduced due to presence of shear wall
placed at centre.
 When the lift core placed eccentric position it develops
displacement in both the direction with application of
seismic force in Y direction.

Drift is increased as height of building increased and

reduced for top floor. The column which placed at the
edge of the building is heavily axially loaded due to
seismic forces. Location of shear wall effects on static
and dynamic axial load on the column.
Research Paper 2
Title : Seismic analysis of RCC building with and
without shear wall.

Journal/Conference Name : International Journal of

Modern Engineering Research (IJMER)

Author : P.P. Chandurkar, Dr.P.S.Pajgade

ABSTRACT
Structural walls provide an efficient bracing system
and offer great potential for lateral load resistance.
The properties of these seismic shear walls dominate
the response of the buildings, and therefore, it is
important to evaluate the seismic response of the
walls appropriately..
ABSTRACT (cont.)
In this present study, main focus is to determine the
solution for shear wall location in multi-storey building.
Effectiveness of shear wall has been studied with the
help of four different models. Model one is bare frame
structural system and other three models are dual type
structural system. An earthquake load is applied to a
building of ten stories located in zone II, zone III, zone
IV and zone V
Work done by author
For this study, a 10-storied building with a3-meters
height for each storey, regular in plan is modeled. These
buildings were designed in compliance to the Indian
Code of Practice for Seismic Resistant Design of
Buildings. The buildings are assumed to be fixed at the
base and the floors acts as rigid diaphragms. The
sections of structural elements are square and
rectangular and their dimensions are changed for
different building.
CONCLUSION
It is observed that in 10 storied building, constructing
building with shear wall in short span at corner is
economical as compared with other models.

From this it can be concluded that large dimension of

shear wall is not effective in 10 storied or below 10
storied buildings. It is observed that the shear wall is
economical and effective in high rise building.
1.Changing the position of shear wall will affect the
attraction of forces, so that wall must be in proper
position.

2.If the dimensions of shear wall are large then major

amount of horizontal forces are taken by shear wall.

3.Providing shear walls at adequate locations substantially

reduces the displacements due to earthquake.
 ANALYSIS METHODS
As per the Indian Standard code for Earthquake
IS:1893-2002, seismic analysis can be performed by
three methods.

1.StaticMethod

A. Equivalent Static Coefficient Method

2.Dynamic Methods

A. Timehistory Method

B. Response Spectrum Method

 FLOW CHART
Defining of building data like number of storey, height of
storey, column orientation, Dimensions of structural member etc

Define Material Properties

Defining of Support conditions

Define load cases and combinations

Assigning of load

Continued
Selection of method and analysis

Run Analysis

Result Analysis

Conclusion
 Data of Building
Number of Bay in X-direction 6
Number of Bay in Y-direction 4
Bay Width (m) 4
Storey Height (m) 3
Thickness of Slab (m) 0.15
Size of Beam: Width (m) 0.23
Size of Beam: Breadth (m) 0.3
Size of Column: Width (m) 0.23
Size of Column: Breadth (m) 0.6
Live Load (kN/m^2) 4
Internal Wall Thickness (m) 0.115
External Wall Thickness (m) 0.23
Terrace Water Proofing (kN/m^2) 1.5
Floor Finish (kN/m^2) 0.8
Density of Concrete (kN/m^3) 25
Density of Masonry (kN/m^3) 20
Total Height of Building (m) 21
Number of Floors 7
Zone 3
Zone Factor 0.16
Importance Factor 1
Response Reduction Factor 5
Time Period (Seconds) 0.5
Type os Soil Medium
Numbers of Columns in X-direction 7
Numbers of Columns in Y-direction 5
Numbers of Beams in X-direction 6
Numbers of Beams in Y-direction 4
Number of Parapet Wall in X-direction 2
Number of Parapet Wall in Y-direction 2
Number of External Wall in X-
direction 2
Number of External Wall in Y-
direction 2
Number of Internal Wall in X-direction 3
Number of Internal Wall in Y-direction 5
Weight of Typical Slab 1747.2
Weight of Roof 2323.2
Weight of Longitudinal Beams 175.95
Weight of Transverse Beams 182.091
Weight of Parapet Wall per meter
length 184
Weight of External Wall per meter
height 326.416
Weight of Inernal Wall per metre
height 314.18
Weight of Columns per meter height 120.75
Total Live Load on Each Floor 768
Lumped Mass of Roof (Terrace) 3911.1706
Lumped Mass of Typical Force 4965.1002
Total Seismic Weight of
Building 33701.7718
Fundamental Natural Period 0.385794634

Average Response
Acceleration Coefficient 2.592052638

Horizontal Seismic
Coefficient 0.041472842
Design Base Shear 1397.708264
 Brief information about staad.pro
STAAD.Pro V8i is the most popular structural
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For static or dynamic analysis of bridges, containment

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pipe racks, steel, concrete, aluminium or timber
buildings, transmission towers, stadiums or any other
simple or complex structure, STAAD.Pro v8i has been
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for their specific analysis needs.
 Design steps of staad.pro
Step :1 Select File > New Project

Step: 2 Select space option for modelling of the building.

Step :3 Select open structure wizard.

Step :4 In structure wizard select bay frame and enter

appropriate data, i.e. length width height

Step : 5 Merge the designed model in STAAD.Pro

Step : 6 Enter the Properties of column like width and breadth

Step : 7 Enter the Properties of Beams like width and Depth

 Design steps (cont.)
Step : 8 Apply Supports to the Base nodes

Step : 9 Define Loads and load cases details

Step :10 Analyze the Structure in Run Analysis section

Step : 11 Select the columns to change their orientation along their

axis.

Step : 12 Select Commands then geometric contents then beta

angle.

Step : 13 The orientation of columns select the column and rotate

them at beta Angle in degree = 90.

Step : 14 Select Run Analysis in Analyze section select Run

Analysis.
Modeled in Staad.pro structure
wizard
 Difference of nodal displacement while
earthquake occurring in X,Z directions
FLOOR NODE X ORIENTED X,Z ORIENTED
COLUMN COLUMN
8 2.997 0.058
9 3.011 0.091
FIRST 10 3.025 0.005
FLOOR
SLAB 11 3.031 0.112
12 3.025 0.005
13 3.011 0.091
14 2.997 0.058
15 6.603 0.095
16 6.654 0.291
SECOND 17 6.697
FLOOR 0.235
SLAB 18 6.714 0.355
19 6.697 0.235
20 6.654 0.291
21 6.603 0.095
 Difference of nodal displacement while
earthquake is occurring in X,Z directions
FLOOR NODE X ORIENTED X,Z ORIENTED
COLUMN COLUMN
22 9.711 0.371
23 9.807 0.566
THIRD 24 9.885 0.57
FLOOR
SLAB 25 9.914 0.681
26 9.885 0.57
27 9.807 0.566
28 9.711 0.371
29 12.357 0.663
30 12.509 0.875
FOURTH 31 12.630
FLOOR 0.97
SLAB 32 12.671 1.039
33 12.630 0.97
34 12.509 0.875
35 12.357 0.663
 Difference of nodal displacement while
earthquake is occurring in X,Z directions
FLOOR NODE X ORIENTED X,Z ORIENTED
COLUMN COLUMN
36 14.434 0.919
FIFTH 37 14.663 1.184
FLOOR 38 14.829 1.316
SLAB
39 14.886 1.396
40 14.829 1.356
41 14.663 1.184
42 14.434 0.919
43 15.661 1.151
SIXTH 44 15.984 1.463
FLOOR 45 16.195
SLAB 1.637
46 16.263 1.721
47 16.195 1.637
48 15.984 1.463
49 15.661 1.151
 Difference of nodal displacement while
earthquake is occurring in X,Z directions

FLOOR NODE X ORIENTED X,Z ORIENTED

COLUMN COLUMN
50 15.826 1.438
51 16.241 1.682
SEVENTH
52 16.491 1.992
FLOOR
SLAB 53 16.537 1.966
54 16.491 1.992
55 16.241 1.682
56 15.826 1.438
 Nodes vs Deflection graph
Here graph is about Difference of nodal displacement while
earthquake is occurring in X and in Z direction.

18

16

14

12

10

6
X & Z oriented column
X oriented column
4

0
8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 46 48 50 52 54 56

Nodes Vs Difference of Nodal Displacement in (mm)

Clip of model deflection during
different forces applied
 Shear force vs column graph
during Earthquake in X & Z direction
respectively
Here graph is about Difference of nodal displacement while
earthquake is occurring in X and in Z direction.
14

12

10 oriented
non oriented

0
407 409 411 413 415 417 419 421 423 425 427 429 431 433 435 437 439 441 443 445 447 449 451 453 455

shear force vs column numbers graph

 Practical done on shake table
MODEL WITH SINGLE DIRECTION ORIENTATION

RESONANCE FREQUENCY 2.6

AMPLITUDE 12mm

RESONANCE FREQUENCY 1.6

AMPLITUDE 12mm

We did practical on two G+3 models made by us from M.S. plates of

300mmX150mm and provided orientation of column with the help of welding
the 3mm thick and 254mm breadth MS stripes to model. This model is on scale
of 10cm = 1m
MODEL WITH BOTH ORIENTATION

RESONANCE FREQUENCY 2.1

AMPLITUDE 12mm

RESONANCE FREQUENCY 2.1

AMPLITUDE 12mm
Photograph of the proper orientation provided model on shake table
PHOTOGRAPH OF ONLY SINGLE DIRECTION COLUMN ORIENTED
M.S. MODEL
CONCLUSION
From this analysis done in staad.pro we conclude
that if the orientation of column is done in only
one direction (i.e. x direction); the difference of
deflection of nodes when earthquake occurs in X
& Z Direction respectively is 10 to 15 mm and
these results are major, and if the orientation of
column is done in both directions (i.e. x & z
direction) the difference of deflection of nodes the
difference of deflection of nodes when earthquake
occurs in X & Z Direction respectively, reduces to
0.5 to 3 mm and these deflection can be ignored
as it is very minor deflection.
 From this analysis done in staad.pro we conclude that
if the orientation of column is done in only one
direction (i.e. X direction); the shear force on the
middle column is higher and if the orientation of
column is done in both directions (i.e. x & z direction)
the shear force on the middle column reduces to half
as compare to done in single direction.
Hence if the orientation is done in only one direction,
the building cannot resist major amount of forces or
load, therefore increasing the chances of building
getting collapse and vice a versa.
we did practical on a Mild steel model on shake table
and found that the both direction oriented column are
more advisable then single direction orientation.
REFRENCE
Indian Standard Code IS-456 for Concrete Design.

Indian Standard Code for Earthquake analysis

IS-1893-2002.

Indian Standard Code SP-16.

THANK YOU