GOVERNMENT OF NEPAL

MINISTRY OF WATER RESOURCES

DEPARTMENT OF IRRIGATION
CENTRAL REGIONAL IRRIGATION DIRECTORATE
CENTRAL IRRIGATION DEVELOPMENT DIVISION No.1
MAHOTTARI, JALESHWOR

DETAILED FEASIBILITY STUDY REPORT

AURAHI IRRIGATION SUB-PROJECT

SAKHUWA, MAHENDRANAGAR
DHANUSHA

VOLUME-I
 MAIN REPORT & COST ESTIMATES

MARCH, 2007

Prepared By
Central Irrigation Development Division No.1, Mahottari
 GOVERNMENT OF NEPAL
MINISTRY OF WATER RESOURCES
DEPARTMENT OF IRRIGATION
CENTRAL REGIONAL IRRIGATION DIRECTORATE
CENTRAL IRRIGATION DEVELOPMENT DIVISION No.1
MAHOTTARI, JALESHWOR

DETAILED FEASIBILITY STUDY REPORT

AURAHI IRRIGATION SUB-PROJECT

SAKHUWA, MAHENDRANAGAR
DHANUSHA

VOLUME-II
DESIGN & COST ESTIMATE
Prepared By
Central Irrigation Development Division No.1, Mahottari

MARCH, 2007

GOVERNMENT OF NEPAL
MINISTRY OF WATER RESOURCES
DEPARTMENT OF IRRIGATION
CENTRAL REGIONAL IRRIGATION DIRECTORATE
CENTRAL IRRIGATION DEVELOPMENT DIVISION No.1
MAHOTTARI, JALESHWOR
 DETAILED FEASIBILITY STUDY REPORT

KAMALADHARI IRRIGATION SUB-PROJECT

SAPAHI, DHANUSHA

VOLUME-II
DRAWINGS
MARCH, 2007

Prepared By
Central Irrigation Development Division No.1, Mahottari
 MARCH, 2007

Prepared By
Central Irrigation Development Division No.1, Mahottari

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page No.
Appraisal & Approval Form
Summary of Cost
Abstract of Cost
Summary of Quantity and cost
Implementation Plan
MIT Checklist
Synopsis
Salient Features

1. INTRODUCTION 1
1.1 Background 1
1.1.1 Context of the Present Study 1
1.1.2 Historical Background 1
1.2 Objective and Scope of the Subproject 1
1.3 Approach and Methodology 2
1.3.1 System Walk-Through Survey 2
1.3.2 Ranking of Identified Problems 2
1.4 Sub Project Area 3
1.4.1 Location, Accessibility and Command Area 4
1.4.2 Climate, Topography and Soil 4
1.4.3 Socio-Economic Background 4
2. TECHNICAL ASSESSMENT AND DESIGN 8
2.1 Water Resource Assessment 8
2.1.1 Water Source 8
2.1.2 Maximum Flood Discharge 8
2.1.3 Present Water Utilization 8
2.2 Crop Water Requirements 9
2.2.1 Air Temperature, Rainfall, ETo, Eo and Humidity 9
2.2.2 Crop Coefficients and Irrigation Efficiency 9
2.2.3 Diversion Requirement Computations 9
2.2.4 Sub Basin Water Balance-Existing Scenario 10
 2.2.5 Water Balance with the Subproject 11
2.2.6 Conclusions 11
2.3 Engineering System Design 11
2.3.1 Headworks/Intake 11
2.3.2 Canal Network 11
2.3.3 Structures 12
2.3.4 Drainage Consideration 12
2.3.5 System Operation Plan 12
3. AGRICULTURE 13
3.1 Operational Landholding and Tenancy Status 13
3.2 Land Use 13
3.3 Cropping Area, Cropping Intensity, Crop Yield and Production 14
3.3.1 Cropping Area and Cropping Intensity 14
3.3.2 Crop Yield and Production 14
3.3.3 Present Cropping Patterns and Cropping Calendar 14
3.4 Farm Inputs 15
3.4.1 Seed and Fertilizer Use 15
3.4.2 Farm Labor Use 15
3.4.3 Prices of Farm Product and Farm Seeds 16
3.4.4 Farm Inputs 16
3.4.5 Labor Wages 17
3.5 Present Crop Budget and Production Value 17
3.5.1 Crop Budget 17
 3.5.2 Present Production Value 17
3.6 Agriculture Development in the Subproject Area 17
3.6.1 Change in Land Use 17
3.6.2 Proposed Cropping Area and Cropping Intensity 18
3.6.3 Proposed Cropping Patterns 18
3.6.4 Crop Yields and Production 18
3.6.5 Proposed Farm Inputs and Labor 19
3.6.6 Future Crop Budget 20
3.6.7 Future Agriculture Production Value 20
3.6.8 Input Use and Anticipated Crop Yields 20

4. SOCIO ECONOMIC PROFILE 21

4.1 Demographic Characteristics 21
4.1.1 Population 21
4.1.2 Distribution of Households by Sex 21
4.1.3 Distribution of Households Heads by Age Group 21
4.1.4 Distribution of Sample Population, Literacy and Education 21
4.2 Social Organization and WUA 21
4.3 Economy and Occupation 22
4.3.1 Occupations of the Sample Households 22
4.3.2 Economically Active Population 22
5. INSTITUTIONAL ASPECT 23
5.1 Overview of the System 23
 5.2 Current Status of WUA 23
5.2.1 Membership Criteria and Water Allocation 23
5.2.2 Conflicts Management 23
5.2.3 Resource Mobilization for System O&M 24
5.3 Institutional Linkages to Support Services 24
5.4 Level of Cooperation and Willingness to Contribute in System
Improvement 24
5.5 External Support 24
5.6 Potential Extension 25
5.7 Proposed Organizational/ Institutional Arrangements 25
5.8 System Maintenance Plan 25
6. INITIAL ENVIRONMENTAL EXAMINATION 27
6.1 Environmental effects due to site selection 27
6.2 Problems from oversight in planning and design 28
6.3 Problems During Construction Stage 29
6.4 Problems Stemming from Deficiencies in Operation 30
6.5 Realization of Enhancement Potentials 30
7. RESETTLEMENT PLAN 32
8. SUBPROJECT COST AND ECONOMIC ANALYSIS 33
8.1 Analysis of Rates 33
8.2 Quantity and Cost Estimate 33
8.3 Analysis of Project Costs and Benefits 33

8.3.1 Expected Agriculture Benefits 33

 8.3.2 Socio Economic Benefit 34

8.3.3 Economic Analysis 34

9. IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULE AND CONTRACT MANAGEMENT 36
9.1 Basic Consideration 36
9.2 Implementation Schedule 36
10. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS 37
10.1 Conclusions 37
10.2 Recommendations 44

ANNEXES

A - Sub-Project Prioritization Chart

B - Socio- Economic Questionnaires
C - Water Resources Assessment
D - Crop Water Requirements and Water Balance
E - Agriculture Data
F - Environmental Data
G - Engineering Design
H - Unit Rate Analysis
I - Quantity and Cost Estimates
J - Economic Data and Analysis
K - External Forms (Farmers Request Form etc)
L - Conceptual Drawings, Maps, Photos etc.
LIST OF TABLES

Table No. Description Page No

1.1 Percentage distributions of Households by Land Tenure 5

2.1 Temperature of the nearest station 9
2.2 Monthly Rainfall in mm 9
2.3 Monthly ET0 and E0 in mm/day 9
2.4 80% reliable river flow 10
3.1 Number and Percentage distribution of Households by Farm Size 13
3.2 Present cropping Area, Pattern, Yield/Production and cropping calendar 15
3.3 Distribution of Labor days Requirement in Different Crops 16
3.4 Present inputs used in various crops 16
3.5 Proposed cropping Area, Cropping Intensity, Pattern, Yield/Production 19
3.6 Crop yield in t/ha without and with project 19
3.7 Proposed inputs used in various crops 19
4.1 Dominant ethnic groups 21
 LIST OF FIGURES

Figure No. Description Page No

1. Main Canal Schematic Diagram i
2. Dudhmati Branch Canal Schematic Diagram ii
3. E1 Branch Canal Schematic Diagram iii
4. E2 Branch Canal Schematic Diagram iv

ACRONYMS

A Catchment Area, Km
ADBN Agricultural Development Bank, Nepal
AIC Agriculture Input Corporation
ASC Agricultural Service Centre
B/C Benefit / Cost
CD Dicken's Coefficient
CCA Culturable Command Area
CIDD Central Irrigation Development Division
DADO District Agricultural Development Office
DIO District Irrigation Office
DOI Department of Irrigation
D/S Downstream
E0 Evapotranspiration
EIA Environment Impact Assessment
EIRR Economic Internal Rate of Return
ET0 Evaporation
FYM Field Yield Manure
GCA Gross Command Area
HYV High Yield Variety
H/W Headworks
IEE Initial Environmental Examination
INGO International Non-Governmental Organization
JT Junior Technician
JTA Junior Technical Assistant
K Potassium
MIP Medium Irrigation Project
N Nitrogen
n Rugosity Coefficient
NGO Non-Governmental Organization
NZIDP Narayani Zone Irrigation Development Project
NPV Net Present Value
O&M Operation and Maintenance
P Phosphorus
PDSP Planning and Design Strengthening Project
U/S Upstream
VDC Village Development Committee
 WECS Water Energy Commission Secretariat
WUA Water Users' Association
WUG Water Users' Group

Ranking Sub-projects for Implementation

Dhanusha District

Table A -1
(i) (ii) (iii) (iv) (v) (vi) (Vii)
S. Reliable Farmers Enthusiasm Total
Description Land WUA Environmental
N. Water towards the Project Cost EIRR Cost per ha. Marks
Availability Status Status
Availability Contribution
Excellent Excellent
1. Ranking Good (8) Excellent (10) Good (7) Fair (5) Excellent (10)
(10) (10)

2. Weightage 20 20 15 10 15 10 10 100.00
3. Marks 16 20 10.5 5 15 10 10 86.5
 SYNOPSIS

The Aurahi Irrigation Sub-Project is located in the north-western part of Dhanusha district of
Janakpur zone in the Central Development Region. The project area lies in the terai region of the
country. The average ground elevation is 110 m above mean sea level having average slope of
1:275.

The project area is located below 1000 m and has a tropical climate. The mean monthly
temperature varies from 17.4C to 31.1C. Annual evapotranspiration ranges from 2.34mm to
7.8mm. The mean annual rainfall in Janakpur, situated closed to the project area is 1265 mm.

The main source of water is Aurahi Khola River. The Aurahi Khola basin falls under the plain area
of terai. The river originates from Churia range. The catchment area up to headworks site is about
68 km2 measured on 1:25000 topographical map. Subbasin approach has been adopted to assess
the available water to be diverted for the sub-project. The area falls in the hydrological region no.7.
Mean monthly flow and 80% reliable flows were extrapolated using Regional Non-dimensional
hydrographs and NZIDP regression analysis for the region, based on a measured flow.

The flood study is done based upon daily rainfall data at Hardinath station, which is close to the
catchments of the rivers. The rainstorm and flood with an occurrence probability of 1 in 50 years is
adopted for the design of the major facilities. A peak discharge of 250m 3/sec is adopted for the
headworks site.

The geological investigation of the command area and along the main canal has been done. The test
result shows the alluvial material on the command area. The soil was found to be silty clay, clayey
silt and fine silty sand.

The lands of the command area are good for growing paddy and diversified crops. Most farmers in
the irrigated lands cultivate at least two crops in a year. The staple crop of the area is paddy
followed by wheat. Winter vegetables are also grown in the project area. In future project condition,
such crops remain unchanged because of climatic condition, soil condition, available water, socio-
economic condition in the project area. In order to achieve the prospective goals, an agricultural
development strategy is set to increase agricultural production by raising the unit yields and
expanding the irrigated lands.

The crops proposed to be grown in the area are early paddy, main paddy, wheat, pulse, oilseed,
potato, sugarcane, winter vegetable etc. Their irrigation requirements are separately estimated
based on the proposed cropping pattern. The irrigation water requirement consists of crop
consumptive use, ancillary water demands for respective crops and irrigation losses. The diversion
water requirement has been estimated by dividing net irrigation water requirement by overall
efficiency. Based on the diversion requirement, the design discharge of irrigation facilities, such as
canals and related structures have been determined. The peak requirement for the system has been
decided to be 1.6lit/sec/ha, taking some allowance for future crop variation.

Basic planning and design concepts have been formulated for design of the proposed facilities.
Design of project facilities have been made, in principal, on the basis of " Design manuals for
irrigation Projects in Nepal" prepared under Planning and Design Strengthening Project, 1990.
Irrigation system consists of side intake, drain crossing overflow weir, main irrigation canal and
secondary irrigation canal with V.R.B., division boxes, fall structures etc. The shape of canal will
be trapezoidal on earthen portion and rectangular on lined section. Fall structure will be provided
on the abrupt change in elevation for safe flow of water.

The total cost of the project is NRs. 9861000.00 and cost per hectare is NRs. 40,087.00 The project
cost comprises direct construction cost and contingencies. Some basic conditions and assumptions
are made for the estimate of the project cost.

i) The unit prices for the cost estimate are based on the F.Y. 063-064 current prices.
ii) Construction works will be executed by contractors and WUA.
iii) The construction cost comprises local currency.
iv) The contingency is estimated at 5% of the direct construction cost.

The evaluation of the Aurahi Irrigation project has been made through assessment of the project
feasibility from economic, financial, socio-economic, and environmental aspects. The economic
feasibility has been assessed by the Economic Internal Rate of Return (EIRR) and is equal to 36.62.

The project is economically feasible, environmentally sound, serve low income group of farmers
and farmers are enthusiastic to contribute labor and cash during construction, operate and maintain
the system after completion, so the project is strongly recommended for implementation.
 SALIENT FEATURES

1. Name of Sub-project : Aurahi Irrigation Sub-project

2. Sub-project Classification : Major Rehabilitation
3. Village Development Committee : Sakhuwa, Mahendranagar, 1,8,9
4. District : Dhanusha
5. District Headquarter : Janakpur
6. Zone : Janakpur
7. Development Region : Central
8. Name of Source : Aurahi Khola
9. Type : Perennial
10. River Discharge : 131 lps (Measured on June, 2006)
11. Catchment Area : 68.5 km2
12. Net Command Area : 240 ha
13. Total Canal Length : 9.0 km (Including all Branch and Tertiary)
(a) Main Canal Length : 4.8 km
(b) Idle Canal Length : 0.25 km
14. Canal Type : Mostly earthen/Trapezoidal
15. Canal Side Slope : 1.5 : 1 (H:V)
16. Bed slope : 1:1000 to 1:400
17. Canal Discharge : 0.4 m3/s
18. System Components
a) Diversion Structures : Concrete Weir with Undersluice
b) Main Canal : 4.8 km (4.7 km earthen, 0.1 km PCC lined)
c) Branch Canal : 4.2 km, all earthen trapezoidal
d) Fall Structures : 14 Nos (3-1.5m, 6-1.0m, 5-0.5m)
e) VRB : 10 Nos
f) Guide bunds : 1.0 km
19. Total Cost Estimate : NRs. 10,61,64,089.17
20. Cost per hectare : NRs. 53082.04
21. EIRR : 18.59%`
22. B/C Ratio at 10% D.R. : 1.93
23. B/C Ratio at 12% D.R : 1.63
24. Date of start : F/Y 2063/064
25. Date of completion : F/Y 2064/065
 ANNEXES

A- Sub-Project Prioritization Chart

B- Socio- Economic Questionnaires
C- Water Resources Assessment
D- Crop Water Requirements and Water Balance
E- Agriculture Data
F- Environmental Data
G- Engineering Design
H- Unit Rate Analysis
I - Quantity and Cost Estimates
J - Economic Data and Analysis
K- External Forms (Farmers Request Form etc)
L- Conceptual Drawings, Maps, Photos etc
 ANNEX-A

SUB-PROJECT PRIORITIZATION
CHART
 ANNEX-B

SOCIO-ECONOMIC QUESTIONNAIRE
 ANNEX-C

WATER RESOURCES ASSESSMENT

 ANNEX-D

CROP WATER REQUIREMENT &

WATER BALANCE
 ANNEX-E

AGRICULTURE DATA
 ANNEX-F

ENVIRONMENTAL DATA
 ANNEX-G

ENGINEERING DESIGN
 ANNEX-H

UNIT RATE ANALYSIS

 ANNEX-I

QUANTITY & COST ESTIMATES

 ANNEX-J

ECONOMIC DATA & ANALYSIS

 ANNEX-K

EXTERNAL FORMS (FARMERS'

REQUEST FORM ETC.)
 ANNEX-L

CONCEPTUAL DRAWINGS, MAP,

PHOTOS ETC.
PACKAGE DETAILS