AMMONIA & UREA

Describe the process of ammonia

production (Haber Process)
Describe the uses of ammonia
Describe the process of urea production
Describe the uses of urea
AMMONIA
Effect of Pressure and Temperature
Effect of Pressure and Temperature
 Uses of Ammonia
The major use of ammonia and its compounds is as
fertilizers (aqueous solution of ammonia, ammonium
sulfate, ammonium phosphate, ammonium nitrate, urea)

Production of nitric acid

Manufacture of nylon and other polyamides

Refrigerant in household, commercial and industrial

refrigeration systems

Manufacture of dyes Manufacture of explosives Cleaning

solutions
 Uses of Ammonia
1. Production of ammonium nitrate fertilizer

HNO3 +NH3NH4NO3
2. Production of nitric acid where the first reaction
involves the oxidation of ammonia to nitric oxide

4NH3 + 5O2 4NO + 6H2O

3. Production of ammonium sulphate fertilizer

2NH3(g) + H2SO4(aq) (NH4)2SO4(aq)

Downstream Fertilizer Products from
Ammonia
Urea
 Production of Urea
Urea (NH2CONH2) is of great importance to the agriculture
industry as a nitrogen-rich fertilizer.

Urea is produced from ammonia and carbon dioxide in two

equilibrium reactions:
This reaction is undesirable, not only because it lowers the yield
of urea, but because biuret burns the leaves of plants. This means
that urea which contains high levels of biuret is unsuitable for use
as a fertilizer.
Process Diagram for Production of Urea
 Uses of Urea
Fertilizers
Resins and Plastics
Consumer Products
Livestock Feed