DEUTSCHE NORM Unfired pressure vessels Part 4: Fabrication English version of DIN EN 18445-4 los 23,020.80 Unbefeuerta Druckbehalter - Ts European Standard EN 1445-4: 2002 has the status of a DIN Standard. ‘Acomma is used as the decimal marker. National foreword ‘This standard has been prepared by CEN/TC 54 ‘Unfired pressdre vessels’ (Secretariat: United Kingdom), “The responsible German body involved in its preparation was fe Normenausschuss Chemischer Appara- ee tPracess Engineering Standards Commitee), Technical ‘Committee Unbefeuerte Druckbehailter. The DIN EN 19445 series of standards is based on the EC Preestre Equipment Directive (97/28/EC), which Freee complied with by all EC member countries {fom 29 May 2002. It defines the essential safety Fequirements referred to in Annex | of the directive. Normative Annex NA Document referred to {and not included in Normative references and Bibliography) Shective 97/29/EC of the European Parliament and of the Counct of 29 May 1997 on the approximation of oot oy the Member States concerning pressure equipment, EC Law Gazette, 1997, No. L 265, p. 110 EN comprises 53 pages. (Oro pa oF artare ay reproauced wok the pe parison of Fee a std Novnurg enV, Oar Bon vera Gt, 10772 Bein, Gara, ON a ht oF oe for Garmen Sancarss ONO) Rel, No. DIN EN 18445-4 : 2002-08 Ena price group 20. Sales No, 1120 va02EUROPEAN STANDARD EN 13445-4 NORME EUROPEENNE EUROPAISCHE NORM May 2002 108 23.020.30 English version Unfired pressure vessels Part 4: Fabrication Récipients sous pression non sournis Unbefeuerte Druckbehalter— la flamme ~ Partie 4: Fabrication Teil 4: Herstellung ‘This European Standard was approved by CEN on 2002-05-23. GEN mombers are bound to comply with the CEN/GENELEC Intemal Regulations Chen stipulate tho conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a rational standard without any elteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national Alara ere may be obtained on application to the Management Gentre or to any ‘CEN member. ‘The European Standards existin three official versions (English, French, German). Peslar inany other language made by translation under the responsibilty of @ GEN member into its own language and notified to the Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN membors are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, the Czech Republic. Denmark, Finlang, France, Germany, Groece, Iceland, ireland, Yaly, rrePombourg, Malta, the Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzer- land, and the United Kingdom. CEN European Committee for Standardization ‘Comité Européen de Normalisation Europdisches Komitee fir Normung Management Centre: rue de Stassart 36, B-1050 Brussels © 2002. CEN ~ All rights of explottation in any form and by any means Rt, No. EN 19445-4 : 2002 & feserved worldwide for CEN national members.Page? EN 13445~ 2002 Contents 2 Normative references. 3 Requirements for manufacturing and subcontracting. 3.1 Manufacturing . Transfer of markings. 8 Manufacturing tolerances .. 5.1 Surface geometry of welds 5.2 Middle line alignment 5.3 Surface alignment... 63,1 Surface misalignment between pat 23.2 Joining of parts of different thickness. 5.4 Tolerances for vessels subjected to internal pressu 5.4 External diameter 5.42 Out of roundness 543 Deviation from the longitudinal axis 5.4.4 Irregularities in profile: 545 Local thinning 5.46 Dished ends. 55 Tolerances for vessels subjected 5.6 Structural tolerances. 6.2 Vessels made 6.3 _Lapped joints, joggle joints, 7 Welding.. 72 Welding procedure speci (wes) a 73 Qualification of welding procedure specifications (WPAR) . 74 — Qualification of wolders and welding operators. 75 Filler metals and auxiliary material 76 Joint preparation mn 77 Execution of welded joints. nvm 73 Attachments, supports and stiffeners, ‘and acceptance criteri 8.4 Performance of tests 8.41 Goneral.... 8.4.2 Transverse tensile test. 843 Longitudinal weld tensilePage 3 EN 13446-4 : 2002 8.4.6 Macro examination ... 8.4.7 Micro examination ished circular products mmm Cylinders and cones made by rolling. Other product types.. ‘Tube bends. Forming of Forming procedures. Cold forming... Hot formingrnnn Heat treatment after forming General. Heat treatment of flat products after Heat treatment of tubular products Heat treatment of clad steels after cold forming. Heat treatment after hot forming.. Heat treatment of olad steels after hot for ‘Sampling of formed test coupons... Cold formed products without heat treatment Hot formed or cold formed products with heat treatme! Tests. Retests of formed coupons Visual inspection and cont Marking... Documentatior Post weld heat treatment (PWHT} . PWHT procedure... Mechanical properties after heat treatment Dissimilar ferritic joints ‘Special materials.. 2 ‘Annex A (informative) Structural tolerances. ‘Annex B (informative) Example of a sub-contractors form .. Finishing operations. .n Standard addressing essential requirements or other ‘Annex ZA (informative) Clauses of this Europeal sae SS provisions of EU Directives.. Bibliography ..Page 4 EN 18445-4 : 2002 Foreword “This document (EN 19446-4:2002) has been prepared by Techrical Committee CENTC 54 "Unfired prossire vessels’, the secretariat of which Is held by BSI. “This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by puslesiee, ‘of an identical text or Dy endorsement, at the latest by November 2002, and conficting national standares shall be withdrawn at the latest by November 2002, “This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Tr Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EU Directve(s). For olationship wih EU Direcve(s), see informative annex ZA, which is an integral part of his, document. In this standard the Annexes A and B are informative. “This European Standard consists ofthe following Parts: Part 1: General. Part 2: Materials. Part: Design. Part 4: Fabrication. Part : Inspection and testing. art 6: Requirements for the design and fabrication of pressure vessels and pressure ‘parts constructed from ‘spheroidal graphite cast iron. CR 13445-7, Untired pressure vessels - Part 7; Guidance on the use of conformity assessment procedures ‘According to the CEN/CENELEC intemal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following aereticw are bound to implement this European Standars: Austria, Belg ‘Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, countries ofe Pony, Greece, Iceland, Wreland, Haly, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, ‘Norway, Portugal, Spain, ‘Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom.Page 5 EN 19445-4 : 2002 1 Scope This document species requirements for the manufacture of unfired pressure vessels and thelr part made of res including their connections to non-pressure paris. it specifies requirements, for material traceability, seefacturing tolorances, welding requirements, production tests, forming requirements, heat ‘treatment, repairs and finishing operations. “This document does not give provisions for manufacturing requirements for vessels designed using Design by ‘Analysis ~ Direct Route (DBA) of Annex B of EN 19445-3:2002, 2 Normative references ‘Tis European Standard incorporates by dated or undated reference, provisions [rom other publications. These i itive references are cited at the appropriate places in the text and the publications a/& listed hereatter. For aor orca, subsequent amendments to oF revisions of any of these publicalions apply this European sae re only when incorporated in it by ammenciment or revision. For undated references the fatest edition of the publication referred to applies (inctuding amendments), EN 287-1:1982, Approval testing of welders — Fusion welding — Part 1: Steels. EN 288-2:1992, Specification and approval of welding procedures for metalic materials — Part2: Welding procedure specication for arc welding. EN 288-9:1992, Specification and approval of weiding procedures for metalic materials — Part 3: Weiding ‘procedure tests for the arc weiding of steels. EN 288-6:1904, Specification and approval of welding procedures for metallic materials — Part 6: Approval related to previous experience. EN 280-7:1995, Specification and approval of welding procedures for metallic materials — Part 7: Approval by @ ‘standard welding procedure for arc welding. EN 268-8:1898, Specification and approval of welding procedures for metalic materials — Part 8: Approval by a pre-production welding test. EN 729-2:1004, Qualty requirements for wolcing — Fusion welding of metalic materials — Part 2: Comprehensive quality requirements. EN 729-2:1904, Qualty requirements for welding — Fusion welding of metalic materials — Part 3: Standard quality requirements. EN 875:1995, Destructive tests on welds in metalic materials — Impact tests — Test specimen location, notch ‘orientation and examination. EN 276:1896, Destructive tests on welds in metalic materials — Longitudinal tensile test on weld metal in fusion welded joints. EN 695:1005, Destructive tests on wolds in metalic materials — Transverse tensile fest EN 010:1996, Destructive tests on welds in metallic materials — Bend tests.Page 6 EN 13445-4 : 2002 EN 1049:1996-1, Destructive fests on welds in metalic materials — Hardness testing — Part 1: Hardness fest on are welded joints. EN 13241096, Destructive tests on weids in metalic materials — Macroscopie and microscopic examination of is. EN 1418:1997, Welding personne! — Approval testing of welding operators for fusion welding and resisiance weld ‘setters for fuly mechanized and automatic welaiing of metallic materials. EN 10028-2:2002, Fat products made of steels for pressure purposes — Part 2: Nomalloy and alloy steels with specified elevated temperature properties. iv 10078-8:2002, Flat products made of steels for pressure purposes — Part 3: Weldable fine grain steels, normalized. EN 10028-4:2002, Fat products made of steels for pressure purposes — Part 4: Nickel alloy steels with specified Jow temperature properties. EN 10216-1:2002, Seamless stee! tubes for pressure purposes — Technical delivery condivons — Part 1: Non alloy stoe! tubes With specified room temperature properties. EN 10016-22002, Seamiess ste! tubes for pressure purposes — Tedhnical delivery conalions — Part 2: Non laloy and alloy ste tubes with specified elevated temperature properties EN 10216-9:2002, Seamless steel tubes for pressure purposes — Technical delivery conditions — Part 9: Alloy fine grain stae! tubes. EN 10216-4:2002, Seamless stee! tubes for pressure purposes — Technical delivery conditions —- Part 4: Non- alloy and alloy steel tubes with specified low temperature properties. EN 10217-1:2000, Welded stee! tubes for pressure purposes — Technical delivery condvons — Part 1: Non-alloy steel tubes with specified room temperature properties. EN 10217-2:2000, Welded stool tubes for pressure purposes — Technical delivery condition? — Part 2: Electric «N ddod nom aloy and ally steel tubes with specified elevated temperalure properties. EN 10017-82002, Welded stee! tubes for pressure purposes — Tecinical deivery condiions Part 3: Alloy fine Grain toe! tubes EN 10217-4:2002, Welded steel tubes for pressure purboe "Technical delivery conditions — Fre te welded noraloy and alloy ste! tubes with specified low temperature properties. EN 10217-5:2002, Welded steel tubes for pressure purposes — Technical deter ‘conditions — Part 5: Guomorged are welded nor-lloy and aloy ste! tubes with speciied elevated temperature properties. EN 10217-6:2002, Welded steel tubes for pressure purposes —- Technical delivery ‘conditions — Part 6: Submerged are welded non-llay and ally sto! tubes with specified low temperature properties. EN 10222-2:2002, Stee! forgings for pressure purposes — Part 2: Ferric and martensitic steels with specified elevated temperature properties.Page? EN 1945-4: 2002 EN 10222-82002, Seo! forgings for pressure purposes — Part 3: Nickel steels with specified low temperatures properties. EN serene ee forgings for pressure purposes — Part4: Weldable fine grain steels with high proof strength. EN 13446-1:2002, Unfired pressure vessels — Part 1: General. [EN 19445-2:2002, Unfired pressure vessels — Part 2: Materials. EN 19445-3: 2002 Unfired pressure vessels — Part 3: Design. EN 1945-5: 2002, Unfred pressure vessels — Part 6: Inspection and testing. 3. Requirements for manufacturing and subcontracting 3.4 Manufacturing ‘The general responsibilities of the pressure vessel manufacturer are stated in EN 19445-1:2002. Additionally to those requirements, the manufacturer shall ensure that 2} the organisation forthe contol of manufacturing operations which includes special processes such as welding, forming and heat treatment shall be clearly defined by the manufacturer; ) the manufacturing procedures such as welding, forming and heat treatment are adequate for the purpose and Tho pressure vessel meets the requirements of this standard. Where specie requirements are associated with materials these shell be taken into account, ¢.g. EAMS; ©) the manufacturing equipment Is adequate for fabrication: @) the staff Is adequate for the assigned tasks; NOTE As far as welding co-ordination fs concemod, the qualifications, asks and responses °8n be defined by tho manufacturer in accordance with EN 719 [1] in the job assignment, {the quality requirements for welding defined in EN 729-3:1994 are met a5 & minimum. 3.2 Subcontracting “The manufacturer may subcontract wor, but shall ensure thatthe subcontractor caié O41 the work in accordance Th tr requirements of his European Standard. The manufacturer fs responsible forthe ‘adequate definition of the subcontracted task and the need for any associated records. On all occasions that the subcontractor work includes a) welding; 'b) forming including associated heat treatment; ) post weld heat treatment, 1d) non-destructive testing of welds (see EN 19446-5:2002).Page 8 EN 1945-4 : 2002 “The manufacturer shall obtain a subcontractor form (see Annex B). Where welding operations are subcontracted, the manufacturer shall also either obtain copies of the welding procedure and welding operator qualification records or take other action to ensure that they comply with this standard. In cischarging his responsibilty to ensure that the subcontractor caries out the wort in accordance with this catch the manufacturer shal enaure that survellance ofthe subcontracted work Is performed. Where a manutacturer is producing equipment that requires the intervention of & responsible authority, the wiperacturer should inform the responsible authority of his intention to subcontract so that the responsible duuthorty has the opportunity to teke partin he subcontractor surveillance. NOTE1 See also prEN 764-3:1998, 2.11 [2] and OR 1345-7. NOTE2 When the manufacturer Is producing equipment based on quay eeeuranco, tne contals manufacturer applies Nar subcontractors should be described in his approved quality system. 4 Materials 4.1 General Materials for pressure vessels and the grouping of materials for pressure vessels shall be in accordance with EN 13445-2:2002. “The grouping applies regardless of product form, Le. plate forging, piping 4.2 Material traceability 424 General ‘The vessel manufacturer shall have and mainain an identification system for materials ose in fabrication, so that Tre ves ae stress duo to pressure and those welded thereto nthe completed work can bbe traced to its rigin. This includes the use of welding consumables. 4.22, Identification system 42.2.1 The vessel manufacturer's identication system shall assure that ll materials to be used in the vessel have been subjected to and satisfactorily passed the following: 4) examination of materia! before fabrication for the purpose of detecting 2S tar as possible, imperfections which ‘would affect the safety of the work; check of material fo determine that it has the required thickness; ¢) check ofthe materia to assure that the materials are permited by Wi European Standard, fully traceable to {he correct material certfication and as spectied inthe design documentation: 4) check ofthe welding consumables to assure the correct markings and that correct conditions are maintained to prevent deterioration.Page® EN 1945-4 : 2002 42.2.2 Material traceablity to the otiginal identification markings shall be by one or more of the following methods: 2) accurate transfer ofthe original identification markings to a location where the markings will be visible on the completed vessel; +) identfication by a coded marking traceable tothe orginal required marking: ©) recording the identification markings using material iste or as built sketches ‘which assure identification of each piece of material during fabrication and subsequent identficaion inthe completed vessel, 4) the batch numbers of welding consumables shall be recorded. 42.3. Visibility Materials which cannot be stamped or which will not be visible aftr the vessels ‘completed or for small muttiple Nis or non pressure paris the manufacturer may operate a documented system ‘which ensures material trace- ability for all materias in the completed vessel. 4.2.4 Review of material certification and material identification ‘At materiel cortfiation shall be reviewed upon receipt The review shall cover the completences and adequacy of ‘the reports against the following: 4) mechanical and chemical properties required to be reported by the material spectticati by assuring that the reported results meet the requirements of the specification; ¢) all markings required by the material specification are satisted and that there is traceability between the actual markings and those recorded on the material certification. ‘Al materials certfication shall be made readily availabe throughout manufacture, 4.2.6 Transfer of markings In case the original identification markings are unavoidably cutout or the mater is divided into two or more pieces Tc aee kings shal be accurately transferred by the manufacturer's nominated personnel prior to cutting. ‘The actual material marking shall be by methods which are not harmful to the material in subsequent uuse/operation. ‘The transter of markings shal teke place before paritioning of the product and alter veriication of the marks present with the corresponding certification.Page 10 EN 19445-4 : 2002 5 Manufacturing tolerances 5.1 Surface geometry of welds ‘The surface geometry of welded butt and filet joints shall mest the requirements of EN 419445-5:2002 unless the drawing specifies more stringent requirements, 5.2 Middle line alignment “The misalignment tolerances of middle lines shal be as specified in Tables 5.2-1, 6.22 5.2.3 and Figure 52-1. ) Middie tine alignment at equal thickness &= 6b) Middle fine alignment c at different thickness e $ & Figure 5.2-1 - Middle line alignment dy For longitudinal welds in cylinders, cones and rectangular/pismatis, Sucks the middie tines of adjacent Components (whether of equal or diferent thickness) shal be aligned within te tolerances specified in Table 5.21. Table 5.2-1 — Offset of middle lines for longitudinal welds In cylinders, cones ‘and rectangular/prismatic structures Dimensions in mitimetres “Thinner part thickness e: Maximum misalignment diPage 11 EN 19445-4 : 2002 For longtudinal welds in dished ends and wolds in spherical components the middie lines of adjacent parts {whether of equal or different thickness) shall be aligned within the tolerances specified in Table §.2-2. ‘Table 5.2:2 — Offset of middle lines for tongitudinal welds in dished in spherical components of adjacent parts ‘Dimensions in milimetres For circumferential welds the middle fines of acjacont parte (whether of equal oF iferent thickness) shall be aligned within the tolerances specified in Table 5.2-3. ‘Table 5.2-3 — Offeet of middle lines of circumferential ‘welds of adjacent parts Dimensions in milimetres: ‘Thinner part thickness ¢: as 90 ‘Maximum misalignment 5.3 Surface alignment 5.3.1 Surface misalignment between parts here there is misalignment atthe surface between parts ofthe eame nominal Wickes the transition across the Fn ae ee emootn and gradual with a slope of 1 in 4 over the width of the ‘weld. If this taper cannot be ‘accommodated within the weld width itis permissible to either: 4) ind the higher plate surface, where this will not reduce the joint thickness at any point below the nominal ‘Specified plate thickness minus the plate thickness tolerance; ) buildup the lower plate surface with added weld metalPage 12 EN 19445-4 : 2002 5.3.2 Joining of parts of different thickness ‘Winere diferent thickness are being joined a taper shall be produced in accordance with EN 419445-3:2002 by either, 4) taper the thicker pate in accordance withthe design drawing and then appying the requirements above for the same nominal thickness parts; OF b) obtain the requited slope across the width of the welds, or By 3 ‘combination of weld build up on the lower conn th added wel metal and therettor obtain the required slope across the weld width. 5.4 Tolerances for vessels subjected to internal pressure 5.4.1 External diameter For eylindrical and spherical pressure vessels the mean extemal diameter derived from the cireumference shall not deviate by more than 1,5 % from the specified external diameter. For rectangular vessels andlor prismatic structures each external dimension shall not deviate by more than 1,5 % from the specified external dimension. 5.4.2 Out of roundness ‘Out of roundness (0) shall be. calculated in eecordance with the following equation (5.4-1): 2+ Dy = Dae Ol%l= a a = 2.100 (64-1) It shall not exceed the following values: a) 1,8 % for the ratio of efD <0.01; 'b) 1,0 % for the ratio of e/D = 0,01. NOTE The determination ofthe out of rundnoss nead not consider the elastic deformation sve fo the deadwoight of the pressure vessel regulates in vossel profile (2.9. dats, bucking, fats on nozzle positions) hat bbe also within the tolerances in a) rep) A greater out of roundnass may be acceptable provided they have Been Proven, ‘admissible by calculation or strain gauge measurements. 5.4.3 Deviation from the longitudinal axis _The deviation frm the longitudinal axis over the length ofthe cynical portion of the Pressure vassel shall not exceed 0,5 % of the length of the shel.Page 13 EN 19445-4 : 2002 8.4.4 Irregularities in profile ) Local irregularities in vessel profile inegulaties in profile (e.g. dents, buckling, flats on nozzle positons) shall Be smooth and the depth shall be ‘checked by a 20° gauge and shall not exceed the following values: 4) 2% of the gauge length; or 2) 2.8% of the gauge length provided thatthe length ofthe reguarites Coes not exceed one quarter of the een with amaximum of 1m) ofthe shel pat between two circumferential jolts Greater irragularies requir proot by calculation or strain gauge measurement that the stresses are permissible. 'b) Peaking on longitudinal butt welds When iregulay in the profie occurs at the welded Joint end is associated wi flats" adjacent to the weld, the irogulartyn profilo or (peeking) shall nat exceed the values given in Tables 6 At and 5.42. Measurement for peaking shall be made by means of a 20" profile gauge (or template), see Figure 5.4-1, or other types of gauge such as a bridge gauges or needle gauges. For outwards peaking two readings shall be taken, Py and ?2 on each side ofthe joint, at any particular location, the maximum peaking is determent using equation (5.4-2) P =0,25-(P: + Pa) (8.42) ‘The inwards peaking P shall be measured. -The inside radius of the gauge shall be equal to the nominal ouside radius of he vessel.Page 14 EN 13445-4 : 2002 ( ement 2) sufficient cut-out to adequately keep clear off the weld reinforcs by For outwards peaking two readings P; and? shall be taken ¢) For inwards peaking ? shall be measured Figure 5.4-1 — Gauge details, measurement of peaking ms to determine the location Measurements shall be taken at approximately 250 mm intervas on longtucing| se aaa eeneainum peaking value. The maximum peaking value for dynamic and cycle toads shall be in accordance With Table 5.41 and for static loads in accordance with Table 5.4-2.Page 15 EN 19445-4 : 2002 “Tobie 64-1 — Maximum permitted peaking Pn longitudinal welds for ‘dynamic and cyclic loads Dimensions in milimetres ‘Maximum permitted peaking P 15 B 800 mm = 07% (Clad materials: D, > 800 mm 21% o |all <1% ‘the greater of nu lal + 0,015 - De r+ 10mm e 510 mm = 0.3mm W minimum wall thickness énin for the TOmm = 290mm, =0.5 mm dished end Is specified no negative ‘30mm < ¢, 560mm =08 mm tolerance (4) in thickness is permissible. @,> 50 mm = 1.0mm tn case of dished ends where the outer os side angle is influenced by an upsetting a to ‘due to the forming process the deviation % se of the straight flange from the cylindrical Shape shall be measured only on the inside of the dished end. "ial cnerwise speciid in the drawing the length ofthe straight lange fy hal bee as followin: “The length of the straight flange need not more than: Wall thickness ¢, | max. length of as OF énin straight fange mall or an ~ es 1 peel 50 3% Cr), 1 TT, 1LT, 1 Ma, HT | : a0 yen impact eet requirements in accordance with EN 19445-2202, Annex 8 SPP Won pte et emperatute >= 90 Cimpact tote IW and ae cecures or ¢ = TE =r imoad st termeralure uy «90 Cimpact ets IW and IH are required fore > 8. Je For LT se 8.4.9 for thickness limitation. ‘The symbols for Table 8.3-1 are given in Table 8.3-2Page 25 EN 1945-4 : 2002 Table 8.3-2 — Test specimens Face bend test to EN 910:1996 Root bend test to EN 910:1996 ‘Transverse tensile test to EN 895:1995 Longitudinal weld tensile test to EN 876:1995 Impact test; weld deposit to EN 875:1995 Impact test, HAZ to EN 875:1995 Macro examination to EN 1921:1996 Micro examination to EN 1921:1996 Hardness test to EN 1049:1995-1 8.4 Performance of tests and acceptance criteria 8.4.1 General “The incividual test pleces shall be manufactured, tested and shall meet the acceptance criteria defined. 842. Transverse tensile test “The testing and the acceptance criteria shall conform to EN 268-3:1902, NOTE Special consideration shouldbe given whare the macharical properties of ne weld ate below the base materials by osign, 9.9% Ni steels welded with austenitic filer metal. 8.4.3 Longitudinal weld tensile test For tost plates on but joints equal to and over 20 mm thickness a longed weld tensile test having a minimum Fo. tae lateal to and over 6 mm shall be performed in acoordance with EN 876:1995 and Fa, Fin and A; shall Satfy epectied requirements of the base material or other rlevant vat ‘specifically taken into account in the design (6-9, austenitic filler metal in 9 % Nickel steel). Where the design temperature is higher than 300 °C then the test shall be done at the design temperature, NOTE Special consideration shoul be given where the mechanical properties othe wel ave Plow the base materials by ooign, e.9-9% Nistee's welded with austarit filer metal. 84.4 Impact test “The testing and the acceptance citeria shall conform to EN 288-3:1992; In ‘addition, if applicable, the impact test Tequirements according to EN 19448-2:2002, Annex B shall apply: 84.5 Bend test “The testing and the acceptance criteria shall conform to EN 288-3:1982.Page 26 EN 19445-4 : 2002 4.6 Macro examination ‘The testing and the acceptance criteria shall conform to EN 288-3:1992. “The macro examination shall show sound build-up of beads and sound penetration. 84.7 Micro examination requirements on welds, material group 8.2: the micro examination shall show adenvete rmlorostructure NOTE Occasional isolated micro fssures with a lngth of 1,5 mm may be acceptable, Bu shoud Pe reported. — requirements on welds, material group 10: the micro examination shall show adequate microstructure ‘The fenite content in the heat affected zone (HAZ) shall be between min, 90% and max, 70%. In the high Temperature HAZ, a distance of about two grain size from the fusion line, & ‘errte content shall be equal or less tempera jhe the welding consumable used are of an austenie-errtic matching WYP the ferrite content in the vat metal shall algo be between 20% and 70%. I! the welding consumables are ‘of non-matching type (2. wesenii) the requirement for ferite content in the weld metal does not apply. NOTE _Tholimit deviations on metalographic measuremants frequent are ofthe order of 5 %- 84.8 Hardness test “The testing and the acceptance criteria shall conform to EN 286-3:1902 8.4.9 Retests Where individual tests do not conform to the requiréments specified in is standard and the reasons shall be Hretgeled. Whore the unatistactory test results due to poor testing technique or fo 8 locally limited imperfection the following retests shell be made: a) tensile test the teat shall be repeated on two tensile test specimens taken from the same test plate, both results shall meet the requirements; 1) bend test: the test shall be repeated on two bend test specimens taken from the same test plate; both results shall meet the requirements; «)_ pac test the test shal be repeated on three Charpy-V-notch specimens fan from the same test plate; 1). the mean value obtained from all six individual specimens shall Be ‘equal to or greater than the specified ‘minimum value; 2) rot more than two of the six individual values shal! be less than the specified minimum value; a) not more than one ofthe six navidual values shal be less than 70% of the specified minimum value. ‘Should any of the retess fll to comply with the requirements then the joints/vessels represented by the test plate spel eenidemed notin compliance with this Part of tis European Standard. NOTE Production factors may result in scatter of mechanical! test results which may ‘eccasionaly fall below the agreedPage 27 EN 19445-42002 8.4.10 Test report ‘A test report shall be prepared indicating compliance of the test results and the a5 found values meeting the ied requirements. 9 Forming of pressure parts 9.1 General Manulacturers of formed pressure parts shall maintain records of the forming procedure and the subsequent heat treatment. NOTE Formed pressure pats can be cold or hot formed, Formed pressure Bars comprise dished ends, segments, “Oirors ace oer formed pats, Formad pressure pats ey consist of eave! Pars tahich are welded together and formed subsequent. 9.2 Ratio of deformation 9.2.1 Dished cireutar products “The folowing equation (2.2-1) shal be used for the calculaton of deformation F for all dished circular products (@.9. Tinta! or forepherical heads, spherical caps) and shall be used for al yPes ‘of forming processes (see als Figure 9.2-1): Drow F=100In {%1 (02) D, ~2€ ‘where ‘a _ Isthe thickness of the initial or intermediate product: go {a the diameter ofthe blank or diameter of intermediate Product D, Is the external diameter of the finished product; In is the natural logarithm.Page 28 EN 19445-4 : 2002 b) Intermediate product * 0) Final product a In case of diferent forming stops without intermediate oat tresimont, (soa 9.42), te deformation is. the total 1 cae ration of the indadual forming stops. In case of intermediate hest weakment ‘the daformation is that deformation achieved after the last previous heat treatment. Figure 9.2-1 — Forming of dished circular products 9.2.2 Cylinders and cones made by rolling “The fotowing equation (9.2-2) shall be used for the calculation of deformation F for eylinders and cones made by rolling (see also Figure 9.2-2). (92-2) ‘where ‘ets the thickness of the initial or intermediate product; Ray's the mean radius ofthe intermediate product (in case of a unformed initial product is R. ‘aq. is te mean radius of the finished product (for cones, the mean radius of the smaller diameter shall be used).Page 29 EN 19445-4 : 2002 b) Intermediate product * ©) Finished product a in case of diferent forring stops without ilermediate heat vestrent (see 944.2), We Ite ‘of deformation is the tn case ot tGne tao of detonation of Uo individual foming spe, Incase of Ftermediete neat treatment, the dofor- Tretion is that deformation achieved after tho last pravious heat treatment. Figure 9.2-2 — Forming of cylinders and cones 9.2.3 Other product types: The following equation (9.2-3) shall be used for t products (see also Figure 9.2-3): the calculation of deformation (F) of all other types of for med 200 [FE FF P= P24 FR + Fe Pl 9.2-2) a P+ Fi Fe bel ‘ where 4 L F,=in+,F,=In> A infos ny In is the natural logarithm; fy _ is the diameter of a cicle marked on the plate pri fo to forming in the area which shall be deformed with a fraximum deformation. After forming, the circle of diameter lo is transt axis J, and a small axis fa. formed into an ollipsis with a largePage 30 EN 13445-4 : 2002 | 4 | a) Marked circle J) on the b) Measured axies /; and /, on the initial product formed product Figure 9.29 — Forming of products others than eylinders, cones and dished circular products 9.24 Tubebends “The following equation (9.2-4) shall be used for the calculation of deformation F of tube bends (see also Figure 9.2-4): De F =100 55 br (92-4) whore R isthe radius of curvature for tube D, isthe external diameter of the tube Figure 9.2-4 — Tube bendingPage 31 EN 13445-4 : 2002 9.2.5 Forming of segments ‘The folowing equation (9.25) shall be used for the caleuation of deformation F of segments e.g. of mul-sectional torispherical heads or spheres (see also Figure 9.2-5): 1002 Fo SE bd (925) where ‘eis the thickness of the initial product; TR Ia the smallest mean rads of the segment (mean racius of spherical segment, moan, knuckle radius of knuckle segment of a torispherical head). Figure 9.2-5 — Forming of segments 9.3 Forming procedures 9.3.1 Cold forming Cold fonring of meteral group 1.1, 1.2, 13, 2.1, 3.1 4, 5, 6 and 9 shal be carfied out at temperatures at feast $c pelow the maximum permissible temperature for stress relieving, see Table 10.1-1. NOTE vette problems may however be encountered at intermediate temperatures in the range 200 °C to 950 °C due to dynamic sttain ageing inthis temperature range. old forming of material group 8.1, 8.2 and 10 shall be caried out at temperatures below 300 °C. For other types of materials the cold forming temperatures shall be taken {rom appropriate European Standards, dala sheets or other specifications.Page 32 EN 13445-4 : 2002 93.2 Hot forming 9321 General Hot forming of material group 1.1, 12. 1., 8.1, 4, & 6 and & shall be carried out at temperatures above the HeLamum permissible temperature for stress relieving, usualy in the temperature range of normalising, in ‘accordance with the material specifications. Hot forming of thermo-mecharically treated steel grades is not permitted. Hot forming of material group 8.1, 82 and 10 shal be carried out ata temperature of 800°C or above usually in the temperature range according to Table 9.3-1 For other types of materials the hot forming temperatures ‘shall be in accordance with appropriate European Standards, data sheets or other specifications. “The forming procedute shall define the rate of heating, the holding temperature and the holding time given to the formed part. NOTE 1 Hot forming is a process which is perfoomad at temperatures above th stress let temperature and will usuelly bo ‘earied out inthe austenite region. In view of danger of excessive grain growth, the product shal be austenitsed above ‘Ac, but not higher than 1050°C. NOTE2 Alter reaching the temperature inthe product shouldbe kept a tempershe not Jonger than 10 min. For the same reason, the heating rate should be defined. Ate the hot forming the product shall be cooled in sil ai, unless otherwise specified in Table 9.-1 ‘As every heat treatment above the normalising temperature leads toa grein ‘growth which adversely affects the frasact valves, the hot forming for normalised stels shall be vided info two groups 29 per 9.3.22 and 9.3.2.3. 0.3.2.2 Normalised steels with specified impact values at temperatures above and Including - 20°C For normalised steels which are hot formed only in a single operation the maximum temperature of the product shall not be above 980 °C. For not forming operations in more than a single operation the maximum temperalir> ‘of the product shell not be corer 350 °C, Before the last operation the product shall be cooled down peloW. '800 °C. For the last operation Te aximum temperature of the product shell be below 980 °C for sipels ‘with a minimum yield strength < 360 Nimm?, or 940 °C for steels with a minimum yield strength > 360 N/mm. ‘Assubsequent heat treatment may be waived, ifthe forming process ofthe fast operation has been completed at @ fmporature above 750 °C or above 700 °C where the degree of deformation ‘does not exceed 5 %. tf the conditions of 9.8.2.2, especially regarding the maximum and minim temperatures in the last operation can cre othieved, normalising as specified by the steel manufacturer shal be carried out after the forming process. NOTE For steels which have to be terpored aftor ommalising, the presobed tempering treatment may be performed ‘hen the hot forming has been cartied cut according 10 9.8.2.2.Page 33 EN 19445-4 : 2002 19323 Normalised steels with specified impact values at temperatures below ~20 °c For normalised ststs which are hot formed only in single operation the maximum temnperasurs of the product shall not Be above 940°C when the steels with a minimum yield strength € 360 Nimm®, or 925 °C for steels with rrinimum yield strength > 960 N/mm“ Far hot forming operations in more than a single operation the maximum temperate of the product shall not be carro Q00 °C, Between the diferent operations the product shal be cooled down belo ‘500 °C. For the last tperation the maximum temperature ofthe product shall be below 240°C for sels ‘with a minimum yield strength 2360 Nimm?, of 925 °C for steels with a minimum yield strength > 960 Nimm?. ‘A subsequent heat treatment may be waived, it the forming process of the last operation has been completed at a femperature above 750 °C where the degree of deformation does not exceed 2 %- Ifthe conditions of 9.3.2.3, especialy regarding the maximum and minimum temperatres the last operation can tn or nocal normalising as speoied by the steel manufacturer shall be carried out after ‘the hot forming process. NOTE. Forstecls which have tobe tempored after the normalising, the preserbed erpornd Ireatment may be performed ‘when the hot forming has been camied out according to 9.3.2.8. 9.3.2.4 Quenched and tempered steels For quenched and tempered steels, itis absolutely necessary to perform atta! Te quenching plus tempering Speration after hot forming. For the het forming process itself, the conditions specified in 9.3.2.1 and 9.3.2.2 shall apply. 9.3.2.5 Austenitic and austenitic-erritic steels Austenitic and austertc-eriic steels, matorial groups 8.1, 8:2 and 10, shall be ot formed in accordance with Table 9.3-1. ‘Table 9.3-1 — Forming conditions of material groups 6.1, 82 and 10 [Cooling Conditions” ——— stil air for es 25 mm Product type Maximum temperature | Minimum temperature Low carton * Stabilised 1150°C 50°C water for e> 25 mm Not stabilised stil air for e< 6 mm water for e> 6 mm pe *Gontent of C < 0,08 %. +» Cooling conditions defined in the material specifications shal be govern.Page 34 EN 13445-4 : 2002 9.3.2.6 Clad steels “The temperature and procedure for hot forming of clad steels shal be based on tha material of the backing steel, Tewever consideration shall be given on the effect of this treatment onthe clad ‘material, particularly its corrosion dete Where this treatment will adversely effect the properties of the clad matorl, consideration shall be {given to ether using a diferent matedal for cladding or adding the oedcing ‘after the forming and heat treatment OG. weld overiay) orthe adequacy ofan alternative heat featment shell Be ‘demonstrated by tests to comply with the requirements of the material specification or the design. 9.4 Heat treatment after forming 94.1 General Heat treatments after cold or hot forming, shal be carried out in accordance with tne appropriate standards or data ae atither epectications and shall Include normalising, nrmatising plus tempering, ‘quenching plus tempering, annealing, solution annealing. NOTE1 These treatments are recagriced as removing the effets ofthe forming Processes: NOTED The parameter given by the base meteials manufacror In the Inspecton documonts should be taken as, an NOTE oc eecrmendalion for heat Weatmens. Oher parameters may be applied #e ‘procedure ie defined and the product incicaton or plocereprocening the product is teste afte forming and hoat teetment 12 comply with the requirements of the material specifications or the design. 94.2 Heat treatment of flat products after cold forming Postforming heat treatments of flat products after cold forming of fat products shell be carried out in accordance with 9.4.1 and Table 9.4-1, “Table 64-1 gives the rules forthe necessary heat treatment as a function of the deformation under the assumption that tho platos fli the requirements of EN 18445-2:2002, Annex B