Biology 5A

Introduction to Cell & Molecular Biology

Lecture 6

Biological Macromolecules (III)

10/11/17
 Levels of Protein structure
1 primary
2 - secondary all proteins
3 tertiary
4 quaternary multiple
polypeptides

Primary Secondary Tertiary Quaternary

Structure Structure Structure Structure

pleated sheet
+H N
3
Amino end
Examples of
amino acid
subunits

helix
primary structure: amino acid sequence
1

5
H3N
+

Amino end

10

15 Amino acid
subunits

20

25
 secondary structure

pleated sheet

Examples of
amino acid
subunits

helix
 tertiary structure
CH2 CH Hydrophobic
CH3 CH3 interactions
OH Hydrogen and van der
CH3 CH3
bond Waals
H2N O CH
C
interactions
CH2
CH2
C
CH2 O O- ionic
Disulfide S NH3+ bond
bridge S CH2
CH2 CH2
CH2
polypeptide CH2
backbone
quaternary structure

hemoglobin 22
 nucleic acids
information storage
gene expression

DNA

RNA

protein
gene expression in eukaryotes
 The nucleic acid building block
(the nucleotide) is made of 3 parts
You should know these
parts and how they are
assembled.

NITROGENOUS
PHOSPHATE BASE
(1, 2 or 3) (purines, pyrimidines)

RIBOSE
(or deoxyribose)
 The nucleic acid building block
(the nucleotide) is made of 3 parts

join with dehydration reactions

 The nucleic acid building block
(the nucleotide) is made of 3 parts
nucleoside

(adenosine)
 The nucleic acid building block
(the nucleotide) is made of 3 parts
nucleotide

adenosine monophosphate (AMP)

 Numbering of atoms

7 6
5 1
8
5 9 2
4
4 1 3
phosphate
(, ) 3 2
 nucleotide:
nucleic acid building block

phosphodiester
bond
polynucleotide strands can pair together
 pairing is antiparallel

5-ACGGTCTTCCAG-3
3-TGCCAGAAGGTC-5

We could also write the bottom strand as:

5-CTGGAAGACCGT-3
 Summary:
Biological Macromolecules

structure functional groups, carbon

skeleton, polymers (all but lipids)
function as an emergent property of
structure; purpose in cells
formation of larger molecules from small
ones; breakdown of larger to smaller
we will return to proteins and nucleic acids
Make your own summary table
Monomer or Name of bond
Examples of this macromolecule
Macromolecule molecular joining monomers
and what they are used for
components together

Carbohydrates

Lipids

Proteins

Nucleic acids