............................................................................

.......................................................................................................... 4

.................................................................................................................5

() ........................................................................6

...................................................................................... 7

.........................................................................................................................9
 : (Charge)

()

: e!
e! , e! ,

SI
" "(C )

CGS
" "(esu)

:
Q
I" = t
Q
" =I t
[" M 0 L 0T 1 A 1] [A 1T 1]

e! ,

(Earthing):


,
"
1. " Au, Ag, Fe, etc e

2.
"
3.
"
4. " ,

,
1. 2. 3. 4.

lqpkyd dqpkyd

():
.

" q1 q2 q3 + q4

- " 0
-
 :
- ,
.
,

:
!e
q" = ne; n = e
" = 1,2, 3,4 . . e" = 1.6 1019C

1.

" q1q2 (1)

F
2.
1
"
F (2)
r2
3.

. 1 2
q1q2
"
F
r2
kq q Fr 2
" F = 12 2 " = 2 = 9 109N m 2 /C 2
k
r q

[M L T ](L )
1 1 2 2
N m2
k" "
(A 1T 1)
C2 2

"[M 1L 3T 4 A 2]
 !(0)
1
k
" = ; " 0 = 8.85 1012C2 /N 2 m 2
40

1 q1q2
" =
F
40 r 2

1 q1q2
" med =
F
4 r 2

1 qq
"F = 1 2 2 ^r
4 0 r
1 qq
"F = 21 2 ^rr
40 r r

1 qq
"F = 1 3 2
r
40 r

1
" F =
r2

()

C2 A 2T 2 1 3 4 2
" " = [M L T A ]
N m2 M 1L 1T 2 L 2
" 0 = 8.85 1012C 2 /N m 2

ek/;edhfo|qr'khyrk
! r =
fuokZrdhfo|qr'khyrk

" r = = r 0
0


: "r "(K )
" r K
"
- =1
- = 1.0003
- = 80 ()
- = 0 ()

. ?

- "1015
-

-
-

-
-
-
. q
" 1, q2 r"

(1)

1 q1q2
! fuokZr ! =
F (1)
40 r 2
(2)
1 q1q2
! ek/;e ! =
F (2)
4 r 2

2" 1 ,
1 q1q2
Fek/;e 0
{ = 0r}
4 r 2
! = 1 q1q2
=
FfuokZr
40 r 2

Fek/;e 0 1
! = =
FfuokZr 0 r r
1
F
! ek/;e = F
r fuokZr

1
"
r

FfuokZr F
F
! /kkrq = = fuokZr
r
! /kkrq = 0
F

-
,

- - (" E )
-

- q" " F

F
"E =
q
N M 1L 1T 2
" " [M1L 1T 3 A 1]
"
C AT
1 1

" " E " F = q E
: q