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Physics

Salient Features

Exhaustive coverage of MCQs subtopic wise.

3831 MCQs including questions from various competitive exams.
Includes solved MCQs from MHT CET 2016, NEET P-I and P-II 2016,
JEE (Main) 2015 & 16, AIPMT 2015 & Re-Test.
Various competitive exam questions updated till latest year.
Concise theory for every topic.
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P.O.No.31334

10062_10970_JUP
 PREFACE
Targets NEET Physics Vol-I is compiled according to the notified syllabus for NEET-UG & JEE (Main), which in
turn has been framed after reviewing various state syllabi as well as the ones prepared by CBSE, NCERT and
COBSE.
The book comprises of a comprehensive coverage of Theoretical Concepts & Multiple Choice Questions. The flow
of content & MCQs is planned keeping in mind the weightage given to a topic as per the NEET-UG & JEE (Main)
exam.
MCQs in each chapter are a mix of questions based on theory, numerical and graphical. The level of difficulty of
these questions is at par with that of various competitive examinations like CBSE, AIIMS, CPMT, JEE, AIEEE,
TS EAMCET (Med. and Engg.), BCECE, Assam CEE, AP EAMCET (Med. and Engg.) & the likes. Also to keep
students updated, questions from most recent examinations such as AIPMT/NEET, MHT CET, K CET, GUJ CET,
WB JEEM, JEE (Main), of years 2015 and 2016 are exclusively covered.
Unique points are represented in the form of Notes at the end of theory section, Formulae are
collectively placed after notes for quick revision and Shortcuts are included to save time of students while
dealing with rigorous questions.
An additional feature of Knowledge Bank is introduced to give students glimpse of various interesting concepts
related to the subtopic.
Googly Questions are specifically prepared to develop thinking skills required to answer any tricky or higher
order question in students. These will give students an edge required to score in highly competitive exams.
Topic Test has been provided at the end of each chapter to assess the level of preparation of the student on a
competitive level.
We are confident that this book will cater to needs of students of all categories and effectively assist them to achieve
their goal. We welcome readers comments and suggestions which will enable us to refine and enrich this book further.
All the best to all Aspirants!
Yours faithfully
Authors

No. Topic Name Page No.

1 Physical world and measurement 1
2 Motion in One Dimension 44
3 Motion in Two Dimensions 82
4 Laws of motion 159
5 Work, Energy and Power 211
6 System of particles and Rotational motion 263
7 Gravitation 330
8 Mechanical properties of solids: Elasticity 391
9 Mechanical properties of fluids: Viscosity 428
10 Mechanical properties of fluids: Surface Tension 465
11 Thermal properties of Matter: Heat 495
12 Thermodynamics 551
13 Kinetic theory of gases 588
14 Oscillations 616
15 Wave Mechanics 670

Note: ** marked section is not for JEE (Main)

01
Chapter01:PhysicalWorldandMeasurement

Physical World and Measurement

1.1 Physics 1.9 Length, mass and time measurement

1.2 Scope and excitement of Physics 1.10 Accuracy, precision and least count of

measuring instruments
1.3 Physics related to society and technology
1.11 Errors in measurement
1.4 Fundamental forces in nature
**1.12 Significant figures
1.5 Nature of physical laws
1.13 Dimensions of physical quantities
1.6 Need for measurement
1.14 Dimensional analysis and its applications
1.7 Unit of measurement and system of units

1.8 Fundamental and derived units

1.1 Physics 1.3 Physics related to society and technology
Physics related to society:
i. Physics is the branch of science which deals
Most of the developments in Physics have a
with the study of nature and natural
direct impact on the society.
phenomena.
Example:
ii. The word Physics is derived from the greek i. The development of telephone, telegraph,
word fusis meaning nature. telex have enabled us to transmit
iii. Fusis was first introduced by the ancient important messages instantly.
scientist Aristotle. ii. The development of radio, television,
iv. Physics is the basis of all sciences. satellites have increased the means of
communication.
1.2 Scope and excitement of Physics iii. Advances in electronics, computers, lasers
have greatly enriched the society.
i. There are two domains in the scope of
iv. Rapid means of transport have increased
Physics; macroscopic and microscopic.
the pace of transportation through air,
ii. The macroscopic domain deals mainly with
water and land.
the branch of classical mechanics which
Physics related to technology:
includes subjects like mechanics,
i. Technology is the application of the
electrodynamics,optics, thermodynamics etc.
principles of physics for practical
iii. The microscopic domain includes atomic, purposes.
molecular and nuclear phenomena which deal ii. Technology and physical principles are
with the constitution and structure of matter at inter-related quantities.
the minute scales of atoms and other iii. Technology gives rise to new principles in
elementary particles. physics and vice-versa.
iv. The study of physics is exciting in many ways. iv. Following table shows the link between
Example: technology and basic principles of
a. Live transmission of events thousands physics.
of kilometers away on the television. No. Technology Basic Principles
b. S.T.D, I.S.D, Fax, Cellular phone etc. i. Rocket Newtons laws of motion.
c. The speed and memory of the fifth propulsion
generation of computers. ii. Aeroplane Bernoullis principle in
d. Use of robots for many purposes. fluid dynamics.
e. Technological advances in health iii. Steam engine Laws of Thermodynamics.
science. iv. Sonar Reflection of ultrasonic
f. Lasers and their ever-increasing waves.
applications. v. Electric Faradays laws of
g. Exploring the new sources of energy. generator electromagnetic induction.
1
PhysicsVolI(Med.andEngg.)
vi. Hydroelectric Conversion of gravitational Werner Heisenberg Quantum Mechanics;
power potential energy into Uncertainty principle
electrical energy. Paul Dirac Relativistic theory of
vii. Radio and Generation, propagation electron; Quantum statistics
Television and detection of Edwin Hubble Expanding Universe
electromagnetic waves. Ernest Orlando Cyclotron
viii. Electron Wave nature of electrons. Lawrence
microscope Hideki Yukawa Theory of nuclear forces
ix. Optical fibres Total internal reflection of Homi Jehangir Cascade process of cosmic
light. Bhabha radiation
x. Lasers Light amplification by Lev Davidovich Theory of condensed
stimulated emission of Landau matter; Liquid helium
radiation. S. Chandrasekhar Chandrashekhar limit,
xi. Computers Digital logic structure and evolution of
stars
v. Following table shows the contribution of
physicists from different countries John Bardeen Transistors; Theory of super
conductivity
Name Major contribution / C.H. Townes Maser; Laser
discovery Abdus Salam Unification of weak and
Archimedes Principle of buoyancy; electromagnetic interactions
Principle of the lever
Galileo Galilei Law of inertia 1.4 Fundamental force in nature
Isaac Newton Universal law of
The four fundamental forces in nature are:
gravitation; Laws of motion;
i. Gravitational Force : it is the force of mutual
Reflecting Telescope
attraction between any two objects by virtue of
Christiaan Huygens Wave theory of light their masses.
Michael Faraday Laws of electromagnetic ii. Electromagnetic force: it is the force which
induction exists between the charged particles.
James Clerk Electromagnetic theory; iii. Strong nuclear force : it is the force which
Maxwell Light-an electromagnetic binds protons and neutrons in a nucleus
wave iv. Weak nuclear force: it appears only in
Heinrich Rudolf Generation of certain nuclear processes such as -decay of a
Hertz electromagnetic waves nucleus.
J.C. Bose Ultra short radio waves v. The different forces occurring in nature
W.K. Roentgen X-rays (eg:- tension, friction, buoyancy) actually arise
Marie Sklodowska Discovery of radium and from the above mentioned fundamental forces.
Curie polonium; Studies on
natural radioactivity 1.5 Nature of physical laws
Albert Einstein Explanation of photoelectric
Conservation laws are important tools for analysis of
effect; Theory of relativity
various laws in nature.
Victor Francis Hess Cosmic Radiation Example:
R.A. Millikan Measurement of electronic i. Law of conservation of energy:
charge According to law of conservation of energy,
J.J. Thomson Electron sum of all kinds of energy in this universe
Ernest Rutherford Nuclear Model of atom remains constant.
Niels Bohr Quantum model of ii. Law of conservation of linear momentum:
hydrogen atom In the absence of an external force, the linear
James Chadwick Neutron momentum of a system remains unchanged.
C.V. Raman Inelastic scattering of light iii. Law of conservation of angular momentum:
by molecules If the total external torque acting on a system
Louis Victor de Wave nature of matter is zero, then the angular momentum of the
Borglie system remains constant.
M.N. Saha Thermal ionisation iv. Law of conservation of charge:
S.N. Bose Quantum statistics Charges can neither be created nor be
Wolfgang Pauli Exclusion principle destroyed but can be transferred from one
Enrico Fermi Controlled nuclear fission body to another.

22

1.6 Need for measurement
Physical quantities:
i. A quantity which can be measured and
with the help of which, various physical
happenings can be explained and
expressed in the form of laws, is called a
physical quantity.
Example: length, mass, time, force etc.
ii. There are two types of physical quantities.
a. Fundamental quantities:
The physical quantities which do
not depend on any other physical
quantities for their measurements
are called fundamental quantities.
Example: mass, length, time etc.
b. Derived quantities:
Physical quantities other than
fundamental quantities which
depend on one or more fundamental
quantities for their measurements
are called derived quantities.
Example: speed, acceleration, force
etc.
Measurement:
i. Measurement is necessary for a precise
description of any natural phenomena.
ii. All experiments require some
measurement of readings, observations,
conclusions and records.
iii. For the experimental verification of
various theories, each physical quantity
should be known precisely. Hence proper
measurement of physical quantities with
proper instruments are necessary.
iv. For example:
If a person is waiting at a place for a long
time, then, in this case the exact time for
which he has waited cannot be predicted
as the time here is not defined precisely. A
numerical value for time measured on a
watch is necessary.
1.7 Unit of measurement and system of units
Unit of measurement:
i. A physical quantity is represented
completely by its magnitude and unit. For
example, 10 metre means a length which
is ten times the unit of length. Here 10
represents the numerical value of the
given quantity and metre represents the
unit of quantity under consideration.
ii. In expressing a physical quantity, we first
choose a unit and then find how many
times that unit is contained in the given
physical quantity.
Chapter01:PhysicalWorldandMeasurement
Physical quantity(Q) = Magnitude Unit
=nu
where, n represents the numerical value
and u represents the unit.
iii. While expressing definite amount of
physical quantity, as the unit (u) changes,
the magnitude (n) will also change but
product nu will remain the same.
n u = constant,
1
n or n1u1 = n2u2
u
where, n1 = numerical value of a physical
quantity in unit u1 and
n2 = numerical value of a physical
quantity in unit u2.
iv. Thus, magnitude of a physical quantity
and units are inversely proportional to
each other. Larger the unit, smaller will be
the magnitude.
System of units:
i. A complete set of units, both fundamental
and derived for all kinds of physical
quantities is called system of units.
ii. The common systems of units are given
below:
a. CGS system: This system is also
called Gaussian system of units. In
this system, length, mass and time
are chosen as the fundamental
quantities and corresponding
fundamental units are centimetre
(cm), gram (g) and second (s)
respectively.
b. MKS system: This system is also
called Giorgi system. In this
system, length, mass and time are
taken as fundamental quantities.
Their corresponding fundamental
units are metre (m), kilogram (kg)
and second (s).
c. FPS system: In this system, foot,
pound and second are used
respectively for measurements of
length, mass and time. This is
British engineering system of unit.
d. S.I. system: It is known as
International system of units and is
extended system of units applied to
whole physics.
There are seven fundamental quantities in
this system.
SI Unit:
i. Internationally accepted units are called SI
units.
ii. It corresponds to M.K.S system of unit.
3
PhysicsVolI(Med.andEngg.)
iii. SI units of various fundamental quantities vii. Candela: One candela is the unit of
are given below. luminous intensity in a given direction of a
source that emits monochromatic
Sr .
Quantity Unit Symbol radiation of frequency 540 1012 hertz
No.
and has a radiant intensity of
i. Length metre m
1
ii. Mass kilogram kg watt per steradian in that direction.
683
iii. Time second s
viii. Radian (rad): 1 radian is an angle that
iv. Electric Current ampere A
subtends an arc equal to length of radius
v. Temperature kelvin K of circle, at the centre of the circle.
vi. Amount of substance mole mol ix. Steradian (sr): One steradian is the solid
vii. Luminous Intensity candela cd angle subtended at the centre of a sphere
Besides the above seven fundamental units, two by an area equal to square of radius of the
supplementary units are also defined. sphere.
Radian (rad) for plane angle and Steradian (sr) Derived units:
for solid angle.
i. Unit which is obtained by multiplying or
1.8 Fundamental and derived units dividing two or more fundamental units is
called derived unit.
Fundamental units: ii. Following steps are involved in finding
i. Units which can neither be derived nor be derived unit of a physical quantity.
resolved into other units are called
Step 1: Write the formula of the derived
fundamental units. All fundamental units
quantity.
are different from one another.
Step 2: Convert the formula into
ii. In mechanics, unit of mass in (kg), unit of
fundamental physical quantities.
length in (cm) and unit of time in (s) are
Step 3: Write the corresponding units in
fundamental units.
proper system.
Definitions of some fundamental units in SI Step 4: Make proper algebraic
system: combination to get the result.
i. Metre: One metre is defined as the distance For example, to find unit of force:
travelled by light in vacuum during a time Step 1: F = ma
1 v m s
interval of seconds. Step 2: F = m =
299792458 t t t
ii. Kilogram: One kilogram is defined as the kilogram meter
mass of a cylinder made of platinum- Step 3: F
second second
iridium placed at the International Bureau Step 4: The unit of force = kg-m/s2
of Weights and Measures in Sevres
(France). Practical units:
iii. Second: One second is defined as the time i. A large number of units are used in
required for 9,192,631,770 periods of the general life for measurement of different
light wave emitted by cesium133 atoms quantities in comfortable manner. They
making a particular atomic transition. are neither fundamental units nor derived
iv. Ampere: One ampere is that constant units. Such units are called practical units.
current, if maintained in two straight Example:
parallel conductors of infinite length of a. 1 fermi = 1 fm = 1015 m
negligible circular cross-section and b. 1 X-ray unit = 1XU = 1013m
placed 1 metre apart in vacuum, produce c. 1 angstrom = 1 = 1010m = 108 cm
between these conductors, a force equal to d. Sedrial day : It is the time taken by
2 107 newton per metre of length. earth to complete one rotation about
1 its axis with respect to a distant star.
v. Kelvin: One kelvin is the fraction
273.16 1 Solar year = 366.25 Sedrial day
of the thermodynamic temperature of = 365.25 average solar day.
triple point of water. Thus 1 Sedrial day is less than
vi. Mole: One mole is the amount of 1 solar day.
substance of a system, which contains as e. Shake: It is an obsolete and
many elementary entities as there are practical unit of time.
atoms in 0.012 kilogram of carbon-12. 1 Shake = 10 8 sec
44
 Chapter01:PhysicalWorldandMeasurement
ii. Some practical units are listed below: Measurement of long distances:
i. Parallax method is used to measure large
Sr. Practical Practical units Practical distances such as distance between two
No. units of of mass units of planets, stars etc.
length time
ii. In this method, diameter of earth is taken
1. 1 light year 1 quintal 1 year as basis (distance between two positions).
2
= 9.461015m = 10 kg 1 iii. If b = basis and = S
= 365
4 parallax angle, then
solar days distance between earth
2. 1 Astrono- 1 metric tonne 1 lunar and nearby star in D D
mical unit = 103 kg month b
given by, D = .
or 1 AU = 27.3
= 1.5 1011 m solar days
b
3. 1 parsec 1 atomic mass 1 solar
= 3.26 light unit (amu) day Knowledge Bank
year = 1.66 1027kg = 86400 s
The human vision uses parallax method to
4. 1 seamile 1 pound Tropical estimate distance from objects. Here baseline is
= 6020 ft = 0.4537 kg year: It is shortest distance between two eyes. Parallax
that year angle is measured by brain and gives you a guess
in which for the distance of that object.
solar
eclipse Method of measuring very small distances
occurs. (size of molecules):
5. 1 micron 1 Leap i. Dissolve 1 cm3 of oleic acid in alcohol to
= 1 m Chandrashekhar Year: It is make a solution of 20 cm3. Then take
= 106 m limit that year 1 cm3 of this solution and dilute it to
= 1.4 times the in which 20 cm3 using alcohol such that the
mass of sun the month concentration of the solution is equal to
30
= 2.8 10 kg of 1
February cm3 of oleic acid/cm3 of
20 20
is of 29
days. solution.
ii. Suppose n drops of this acid are present in
the water. Then determine the
Knowledge Bank
approximate volume of each drop
The energy of various amounts of the explosive (V cm3).
TNT is often used as a unit of explosion energy iii. Volume of n drops of solution = nV cm3
and sometimes of violent explosive volcanic Amount of oleic acid in this solution
eruptions. 1 3
= nV cm
The Hiroshima bomb yield was 15 Kiloton of 20 20
TNT. iv. This solution of acid spreads very fast on
the surface of water and forms a very thin
1.9 Length, mass and time measurement layer of thickness t. If this spreads over an
area of A cm2, then thickness of film is
Measurement of length: given by
i. There are two methods of measuring the volume of film nV
length: direct method and indirect method. t= = cm
area (20 20)A
ii. In direct method, a metre scale or vernier
callipers is used for measuring short Measurement of mass:
distances. Vernier callipers have a higher i. Mass is the particle content of an object. It
accuracy of 104 m while that of a meter does not depend on the temperature,
scale is 103 m. pressure or location of the object in space.
iii. To measure long distances such as ii. The prototype of mass (platinum- iridium
distance between two planets, diameter of bar of 1 kilogram) is available at
sun, distances of stars from earth, indirect National Physical Laboratory (NPL), New
method is used. Delhi.
5
PhysicsVolI(Med.andEngg.)
iii.
While dealing with atoms and molecules,
kilogram is an inconvenient unit. There is
an important standard unit of mass, called
atomic mass unit (amu), which has been
established for expressing mass of atoms.
iv. 1 amu = 1 u = (1/12) of the mass of an
atom of C12 = 1.66 1027 kg.
v. Mass of commonly available objects can
be determined by a common balance like
the one used in grocery shop. Large
masses in the universe like planets, stars
etc., based on Newtons law of gravitation
can be measured by using gravitational
method.
vi. For measurement of small masses of
atomic and sub atomic particles, we use
mass spectrograph in which radius of the
trajectory is proportional to the mass of
charged particle moving in uniform
electric and magnetic field.
Measurement of time:
i. To measure any time interval, a clock is
needed. Now-a-days atomic standard of
time is used for the measurement of time.
ii. In atomic standard of time, periodic
vibrations of cesium atom is used.
iii. One second is the time required for 9, 192,
631, 770 vibrations of cesium atomic
clock. This corresponds to transition
between two hyperfine energy states of
cesium 133 atom.
iv. The cesium atomic clocks are very accurate.
v. The national standard of time interval
second as well as the frequency is
maintained through four cesium atomic
clocks.
1.10 Accuracy, precision and least count of
measuring instruments
Accuracy of measuring instruments:
i. Accuracy of measuring instruments is the
closeness of the measurement to the true
or known value.
ii. Accuracy of the measurement depends
upon the accuracy of the instrument used
for measurement.
iii. Defect in measurement of physical
quantities can lead to errors and mistakes.
iv. Lesser the errors, more is the accuracy in
the measurement of a physical quantity.
v. For example, when we measure volume of
a bar, the length is measured with a metre
scale whose least count is 1 mm. The
breadth is measured with a vernier calliper
whose least count is 0.1 mm. Thickness of
the bar can be measured with a
micrometer screw gauge whose least
count is 0.01 mm.
66
vi. Thus smaller the magnitude of a quantity,
greater is the need for measuring it
accurately.
Precision of measuring instruments:
i. Precision describes the limitation of
measuring instruments.
ii. An instrument is said to have a high
degree of precision if the measured value
remains unchanged, how-so-ever large
number of times it may have been
repeated.
iii. It gives an idea to what resolution or limit
the quantity is measured by a measuring
instrument.
iv. In fact, precision is determined by the
least count of the measuring instrument.
v. Least count of a measuring instrument is
defined as the smallest measurement that
can be made accurately with the help of
that instrument. Smaller the least count,
greater is the precision.
vi. For example, least count of a vernier
callipers is often 0.01cm and least count
of a screw gauge or spherometer is often
0.001cm.
vii. Therefore, measurement of small length
using a screw gauge or a spherometer will
be more precise than the same
measurement using a vernier callipers.
viii. Similarly, screw gauge or spherometer
with least count 0.0005 cm will be more
precise than the one with least count
0.001cm.
Rounding-off in the measurement:
i. If the digit to be dropped is less than 5,
then the preceding digit is left unchanged.
Example: x = 7.82 is rounded off to 7.8,
x = 3.94 is rounded off to 3.9.
ii. If the digit to be dropped is more than 5,
then the preceding digit is raised by one.
Example: x = 6.87 is rounded off to 6.9.
iii. If the digit to be dropped is 5 followed by
digits other than zero, then the preceding
digit is raised by one.
Example: x = 16.351 is rounded off to
16.4.
iv. If digit to be dropped is 5 or 5 followed by
zeroes then the preceding digit is left
unchanged, if it is even.
Example: x = 3.250 becomes 3.2 on
rounding off.
v. If digit to be dropped is 5 or 5 followed by
zeroes, then the preceding digit is raised
by one, if it is odd.
Example: x = 3.750 is rounded off to 3.8.
 Chapter01:PhysicalWorldandMeasurement

1.11 Errors in measurement iii. If the error in the measurement of a is a

and the error in the measurement of b is
The difference in the true value and measured value b then, percentage error in
of a quantity is called error in measurement. a b
Following errors are observed in measurement. ab= 100%
ab
i. Absolute error:
It is the magnitude of the difference between iv. If the error in measurement of a is a
the mean (true) value and the measured value and the error in measurement of b is b
of the quantity. then, percentage error in ab
If a1, a2, a3, .. an are n values of a physical a b
= 100
a1 +a 2 +......+a n a b
quantity then mean value a m =
n v. If the error in measurement of a is a
and absolute errors in the measured values of and the error in measurement of b is b
the quantity are a
then percentage error in
a1 = a m a1 b
a 2 = a m a 2 a b
. = 100
a b
a n = a m a n
vi. If the error in measurement of a is a,
The absolute errors may be positive or negative. then the percentage error in
ii. Mean absolute error:
a
It is the arithmetic mean of the magnitudes of an = n 100%
absolute errors in all the measurements of the a
quantity. It is given by 1.12 Significant figures
| a1 | | a 2 | ..... | a n |
a
n Significant figures in the measured value of a
Hence the final result of measurement may be physical quantity is the sum of reliable digits and the
written as, a a m a first uncertain digit. Larger the number of significant
This implies that any measurement of the figures obtained in a measurement, greater is the
accuracy of the measurement. The reverse is also
quantity is likely to lie between a m a and
true.
a m
a . The following rules are observed in counting the
number of significant figures in a given measured
iii. Relative error or fractional error: quantity.
The relative error or fractional error of i. All non-zero digits are significant.
measurement is the ratio of mean absolute Example:
error to the mean value of the quantity 42.3 has three significant figures.
measured. 24.123 has five significant figures.
Relative error or Fractional error ii. A zero becomes significant figure if it appears
Mean absolute error a between two non-zero digits.
= =
Mean value am Example:
iv. Percentage error: 5.03 has three significant figures.
When the relative or fractional error is 4.004 has four significant figures.
expressed in percentage, we call it as iii. Leading zeros or the zeros placed on the
percentage error. left hand side of the number are not significant.
Example:
a
Percentage error = 100% 0.543 has three significant figures.
am 0.006 has one significant figure.
Percentage error in different cases: iv. Trailing zeros or the zeros on the right hand
side of the number are significant.
i. If the error in measurement of a is a,
Example:
a
then the percentage error is 100% 4.330 has four significant figures.
a 343.000 has six significant figures.
ii. If the error in the measurement of a is a v. In exponential notation, the numerical portion
and the error in the measurement of b is gives the number of significant figures.
b then, percentage error in Example:
a b 1.32 102 has three significant figures.
a+b= 100%
ab 1.32 104 has three significant figures.
7
PhysicsVolI(Med.andEngg.)
ii. To find conversion factor between units of
1.13 Dimensions of physical quantities
same physical quantity into different
i. The dimensions of a physical quantity are the system of units:
powers to which the fundamental unit must be For example:
raised to represent the unit of a given physical To convert 1 N into dyne
quantity. n1 = 1 N
ii. The dimensional formula of a physical 1
1kg 1m 1s
1 2

quantity is an expression that shows how and n2 = 1

which of the fundamental quantities enter into 1g 1cm 1s
the unit of that quantity. = 1 103 102 1
iii. In mechanics, the dimensional formula is n2 = 105
written in terms of the dimensions of mass, 1 N = 105 dyne
length and time [M, L and T]. iii. To derive the relation between physical
iv. In heat and thermodynamics, in addition to M, quantities:
L and T, the dimension of temperature in a. Time period (T) of a simple
kelvin [K] is to be mentioned. pendulum depends upon length (l)
v. In electricity and magnetism, in addition to M, and acceleration due to gravity (g)
L and T, the dimension of current or charge as follows:
per unit time [I] or [A] is to be mentioned. T la gb
i.e. T = k la gb .(1)
1.14 Dimensional analysis and its applications
where k = proportionality constant
Dimensional analysis which is dimensionless.
i The analysis of the phenomenon carried b. The dimensions of T = [L0 M0T1]
out by using the method of dimensions is The dimensions of l = [L1 M0T0]
called dimensional analysis. The dimensions of g = [L1 M0T2]
ii. In dimensional analysis, dimensions of Taking dimensions on both sides of
any physical quantity can be expressed in equation (1), we get
the form of dimensional equation. [L0M0T1] = [L1M0T0]a[L1M0T2]b
iii. It is based on the principle of homogeneity [L0 M0T1] = [La + b M0T2b]
i.e., dimensions of all the terms on either c. Equating corresponding powers of
side of a physical equation are same. L, M and T on both sides, we get
Example: a+b=0 .(2)
Force = mass acceleration, and 2b = 1
Dimensionally, 1
b=
[MLT2] = [M] [LT2]. 2
iv. There are many uses of dimensional Substituting b in equation (2), we get
analysis. 1
a=
Applications of dimensional analysis: 2
i. To check the correctness of physical d. Substituting values of a and b in
equation: equation (1), we have
1 1
A physical equation is correct only if the T = k l 2g 2

dimensions of all the terms on both sides of 1

that equation are the same. l2
T=k
For example, consider the equation of 1
g2
motion,
1
v = u + at .(1) l 2 l
Writing the dimensional equation of every = k = k
g
g
term, we get,
e. Experimentally it is found that
v = [L1 M0T 1], u = [L1 M0T 1]
1 0 2 k = 2
a = [L M T ], t = [L0 M0T1]
l
at = [L1 M0T 2] [L0 M0T1] = [L1M0T 1] T = 2
g
As dimensions of both sides of equation
(1) are same, physical equation is This is the required expression for
dimensionally correct. time period of simple pendulum.

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 Chapter01:PhysicalWorldandMeasurement
Limitations of dimensional analysis: iv. The equations containing trigonometrical
i. While deriving a formula, the functions (sin, cos, etc), logarithmic
proportionality constant cannot be found. functions (logx, logx3, etc) and
ii. The formula for a physical quantity 2

depending on more than three other exponential functions (ex, e x , etc) can
physical quantities cannot be derived. It neither be derived nor be checked because
can only be checked. they are independent of L, M and T.
iii. The equations of the type
v = u + at cannot be derived. They can
only be checked.
Dimensions, units, formulae of some quantities:
Quantity Formula Unit Dimension
Distance [M0L1T1]
Speed ms1
Time
Changein velocity [M0L1T2]
Acceleration ms2
Time
Force Mass Acceleration N (newton) [M1L1T2]
Force [M1L1T2]
Pressure Nm2
Area
Mass [M1L3T0]
Density kg m3
Volume
Work Force distance joule [M1L1T2] [L1] = [M1L2T2]
Energy Force distance joule [M1L1T2] [L1] = [M1L2T2]
Work [M1L2T3]
Power watt
Time
Momentum Mass Velocity kg ms1 [M1L1T1]
Impulse Force Time Ns [M1L1T1]
Torque

rF

N-m [M1L1T2] [L] = [M1L2T2]
Temperature (T) -- kelvin [M0L0T0K1]
Heat (Q) Energy joule [M1L2T2]
Q [M0L2T2K1]
Specific heat (c) joule/kg-K
m
Thermal capacity -- joule/K [M1L2T2 K 1]
heat (Q) [M0L2T2]
Latent heat (L) joule/kg
mass (m)
PV [M1L2T2 K 1]
Gas constant (R) joule/mol-K
T
R [M1L2T2 K 1]
Boltzmann constant , N = Avogadro
N joule/K
(k)
number
F 1 [M1L1T1 ]
Coefficient of = . newton second
A dv
viscosity () m2
dx
From [M1L1T3 K 1]
Q T
Coefficient of thermal KA
t x joule/m-s-K
conductivity (K)
Q x 1
K
t T A
E watt/m2-K4 [M1L0T3 K 4]
Stefans constant () =
T4
Wiens constant (b) b = Nm T metre-K [M0L1T0 K 1]

9
PhysicsVolI(Med.andEngg.)
Energy(E) joule-s [M1L2T1]
Plancks constant (h)
Frequency(F)
Coefficient of linear kelvin1 [M0L0T0 K 1]
--
Expansion ()
Mechanical equivalent joule/calorie [M0L0T0]
--
of Heat(J)
Electricity
Electric charge (q) Current Time coulomb [M0L0T1A1]
Electric current (I) -- ampere [M0L0T0A1]
Ch arg e
Capacitance (C) coulomb/ volt or farad [M1L2T4A2]
P.D.
Electric potential (V) Work
joule/ coulomb [M1L2T3A1]
Charge
Permittivity of free q q coulomb 2 [M1L3T4A2]
0 1 22
space (0) 4Fr newton metre 2
Dielectric constant (K) Unitless [M0L0T0]
r =
0
Resistance (R) P.D. volt/ampere or ohm [M1L2T3 A2]
Current
Resistivity or Specific Ra ohm-metre [M1L3T3 A2]
resistance () l
(w / q)dt volt second [M1L2T2 A2]
Coefficient of Self- L= or henry or
dI ampere
induction (L)
ohm-second
Coefficient of mutual ed t henry [M1L2T2A2]
inductance (M) dI
wdt
Magnetic flux () d= volt-second or weber [M1L2T2 A1]
q
newton
or
ampere metre
Magnetic induction F joule
B= or [M1L0T2 A1]
(B) q ampere metre2
volt second
or tesla
metre2
Idl
Magnetic intensity (H) H= ampere/ metre [M0L1T0 A1]
r2
Magnetic dipole
M = IA ampere-metre2 [M0L2T0A1]
moment (M)
newton joule
or
ampere 2
ampere 2 metre
Permeability of free 4 Fr 2 volt second
0 = or [M1L1T2 A2]
space (0) I(dl) ampere metre
ohm second henry
or or
metre metre
Surface charge charge coulomb metre2 [M0L2T1A1]
=
density() area
Electric dipole q(2a) coulomb metre [M0L1T1A1]
moment (p)
1 ohm1 [M1L2T3A2]
Conductance
R

10
10
 Chapter01:PhysicalWorldandMeasurement

1 ohm1metre1 [M1L3T3A2]
Conductivity ()

Current density (J) Current per unit area ampere/m2 [M0L2T0A1]
Intensity of electric Force volt/metre, newton/coulomb [M1L1T3A1]
field (E) Charge
22 mk 2e4 1 m1 [M0L1T0]
Rydberg constant (R) ;k=
ch 3 4 0

Quantities having same dimensions:

Dimension Quantity
[M0L0T1] Frequency, angular frequency, angular velocity, velocity gradient and decay constant
[M1L2T2] Work, internal energy, potential energy, kinetic energy, torque, moment of force
[M1L1T2] Pressure, stress, Youngs modulus, bulk modulus, modulus of rigidity, energy density
[M1L1T1] Momentum, impulse
[M0L1T2] Acceleration due to gravity, gravitational field intensity
[M1L1T2] Thrust, force, weight, energy gradient
[M1L2T1] Angular momentum and Plancks constant
[M1L0T2] Surface tension, Surface energy (energy per unit area), spring constant
Strain, refractive index, relative density, angle, solid angle, distance gradient, relative
[M0L0T0]
permittivity (dielectric constant), relative permeability etc.
[M0L2T2] Latent heat and gravitational potential
[ML2T21] Thermal capacity, gas constant, Boltzmann constant and entropy
l / g , m / k , R / g , where l = length
[M0L0T1] g = acceleration due to gravity, m = mass, k = spring constant,
R = Radius of earth
[M0L0T1] L/R, LC , RC where L = inductance, R = resistance, C = capacitance
2
V q2
I2Rt, t, VIt, qV, LI2, , CV2
R C
[ML2T2]
where I = current, t = time, q = charge, L = inductance, C = capacitance,
R = resistance

Notes 7. Dimensional method does not give a complete

1. There are different systems of units. Out of them,
SI system is internationally accepted and the
most modern system.
2. Equations having logarithmic, trigonometric,
exponential functions cannot be derived by
dimensional formula.
3. Parallax method is usually used to determine
long distances like distance of moon from the
earth.
4. LASER beam is used to determine the distance of
moon by reflection method.
5. SONAR uses ultrasonic sound to determine
distance of submarine objects by reflection
method.
6. RADAR uses radiowaves to determine distance
and speed of flying objects by reflection
method.
information in cases where a physical quantity
depends on more than three quantities,
because by equating the powers of M, L and T,
we can obtain only three equations for the
exponents.
8. Calculation pertaining to error determines its
maximum value and practically it helps in
determining limits of measurement.
9. Physical relations involving addition or
subtraction sign cannot be derived by the
method of dimensional analysis.
10. If units or dimensions of two physical
quantities are same, these need not represent
the same physical characteristics. For
example, torque and work have the same units
and dimensions but their physical
characteristics are different.
11. Smaller the least count, higher is the accuracy of
measurement.
11
PhysicsVolI(Med.andEngg.)
12. Significant figures do not change if we measure ii. If force and acceleration are taken as
a physical quantity in different units. fundamental quantities, then mass will be
defined as force/acceleration and will be
13. A physical quantity that does not have any unit termed as a derived quantity.
must be dimensionless.
2. Practical units may or may not belong to a
14. The pure numbers are dimensionless. system but can be expressed in any system of
Formulae units.
Example: 1 mile = 1.6 km = 1.6 103 m.
1. Measure of physical quantity: M = nu 3. Dimensional formula of critical quantities involved
2. Relation between numerical value and size of in a physical equation can be determined.
unit: n1u1 = n2u2 For example,
a
3. Conversion factor of a unit in two system of In the equation, P (V b) = RT
V2
units: Dimensions of P and a / V2 are same, similarly V
a b c
M L T and b have same dimensions.
n2 = n1 1 1 1
M 2 L 2 T2 PV 2 2 2
Dimensions of a/b = = [PV] = [ML T ]
V
4. Average value or mean value:
4. i. Spherometer and micrometer screwgauge
a1 a 2 a 3 .. a n 1 n
am =
n
=
n
ai work on the same principle. Hence, we
i 1 determine the pitch and the least count by
the same method. Pitch of a screw is the
5. If x = x1 x2 then maximum error:
distance travelled by the screw in its one
x = x1 x2 complete rotation and least count is the
6. If x = x1m xn2 then error in measurement: ratio of pitch to the number of circular
scale divisions.
x mx1 n x 2 ii. Spectrometer has its circular scale divided
= +
x x1 x2 into 360 equal parts. Each degree is
further divided into two equal parts.
7. Absolute error: Hence, the smallest division on the
| a | = | Average value Measured value | circular scale is 0.5 or 30 minutes. The
= | am an | vernier scale has 30 equal divisions which
coincide with 29 equal divisions of the
8. Mean absolute error:
main scale. Here, the vernier constant of
a a1 a 2 ... a n 1 n
the spectrometer is 1.
am
=
n
=
n
a i
i 1
5. In the problems on significant figures, if a
quantity is squared, then the number of
a
9. Relative (fractional) error = significant digits is not squared.
am
6. Percentage errors in measuring a physical
quantity can be calculated as follows:
a
10. Percentage error = 100% a 2 b3
am For X = , percentage errors in measurement
cd 5
of a, b, c and d are 2%, 3%, 4% and 1%
Shortcuts
respectively. Then percentage error in
1. In mechanics, Length, Mass and Time are a b 1 c d
X = 2 3 5 100%
arbitrarily chosen as fundamental quantities. a b 2 c d
In fact, any three quantities in mechanics can = 2 2 + 3 3 + 0.5 4 + 5 1 = 20%
be termed as fundamental as all other It can also be identified that maximum error is
quantities in mechanics can be expressed in contributed by b and minimum by c.
terms of these.
Example: 7. If distance between two sources is very large
(i.e. two planets), then parallax method is used to
i. If speed and time are taken as fundamental
measure separation between them
quantities, length will become a derived
basis b
quantity because then length will be s= =
expressed as speed time. parallactic angle

12
12
 Chapter01:PhysicalWorldandMeasurement
8. In the formula,
[Mx Ly Tz]; if x = y = z = 0, then the quantity is a Multiple Choice Questions
dimensionless quantity
Examples of dimensionless quantities: Strain, 1.1 Physics
specific gravity, relative density, angle, solid
angle, poissons ratio, relative permittivity, 1. The branch of science dealing with the nature
Reynolds number, all the trigonometric ratios, and natural phenomena is called
refractive index, dielectric constant, magnetic (A) Logic (B) Physics
susceptibility etc. (C) Chemistry (D) Biotechnology
A dimensionless quantity has the same numeric 2. The theory of solar system, in which the sun
value in all the system of units. occupies the central position, is known as
To express large or small magnitudes (A) Einsteins theory of solar system.
following prefixes are used: (B) Copernicus theory of solar system.
(C) Newtons theory of solar system.
Power of 10 Prefix Symbol (D) Maxwells theory of solar system.
1018 exa E 3. The theory of motion of material objects at
1015 peta P low speeds is called
1012 tera T (A) Newtonian mechanics.
109 giga G (B) Thermodynamics.
106 mega M (C) Dynamic theory.
103 kilo k (D) Newtons theory of relativity.
102 hecta h 4. High speed moving particles are studied under
10 deca da (A) theory of relativity.
101 deci d (B) theory of straight line motion.
(C) theory of first law of thermodynamics.
102 centi c
(D) theory of second law of
103 milli m thermodynamics.
106 micro
5. Cascade process in cosmic rays is invented by
109 nano n
(A) R. A. Millikan
1012 pico p (B) H. J. Bhaba
1015 femto f (C) E. O. Lawrene
1018 atto a (D) Hertz

A few quick conversions: 1.2 Scope and excitement of Physics

i. Pressure:
6. In the scope of physics, there
1 N/m2 = 10 dyne/ cm2 or
(A) is one domain
1 dyne/cm2 = 0.1 N/m2.
(B) are two domains
ii. Density: (C) are three domains
1 kg/m3 = 103 g/cm3 or (D) are four domains
1 g/cm3 = 103 kg/m3.
7. The atomic, molecular and nuclear phenomena
iii. Coefficient of viscosity:
are the parts of ______ domain.
SI units is decapoise (Ns/m2) and
(A) macroscopic
CGS unit is poise.
(B) microscopic
1 poise = 101 decapoise or (C) megascopic
1 decapoise = 10 poise. (D) electroscopic
iv. Magnetic induction:
S I unit is tesla (Wb/m2) and CGS unit is 1.3 Physics related to society and technology
gauss.
8. The application of principles of physics for
1 gauss = 104 tesla or practical purpose is called
1 tesla = 104 gauss. (A) law of conservation of linear
v. Magnetic flux: momentum
SI unit is weber and CGS unit is maxwell. (B) law of conservation of charge
1 Wb = 108 maxwell or (C) technology
1 maxwell = 108 Wb. (D) guessing of phenomenon
13
PhysicsVolI(Med.andEngg.)
9. Bernoullis principle of fluid mechanics is (C) Assertion is True, Reason is False.
used in (D) Assertion is False, Reason is False.
(A) Aeroplane (B) Lasers
(C) Rocket propulsion (D) Sonar 1.5 Nature of physical laws
10. Electron microscope is based on the principle 16. All the events that we observe in nature can be
of explained and understood in terms of
(A) optical fibre (A) few physical laws
(B) wave nature of electron (B) experimental logic
(C) digital logic
(C) chemical changes
(D) Newtons second law
(D) hypothetical thinking
11. Reflection of ultrasonic waves is used in the
technology of 17. Laws of conservation of linear momentum
(A) Lasers (B) Optical fibre states that linear momentum of a system
(C) Sonar (D) aeroplane (A) remains unchanged provided there is
12. Conversion of gravitational potential energy external force acting on it.
into electrical energy is used in (B) changes without application of any
(A) steam engine external force on it.
(B) electric generator (C) changes depending upon application of
(C) nuclear power zero unbalanced force.
(D) hydroelectric power (D) remains unchanged provided
unbalanced force is absent.
13. Match the following
A B 18. Charges are neither created nor destroyed but
a. Michael e. Quantum model of can be transferred from one body to another, is
Faraday Hydrogen atom law of conservation of
b. Niel Bohr f. Laws of (A) charge
electromagnetic (B) forces
induction (C) electromagnetic induction
c. J.J. Thomson g. Discovery of Neutron (D) angular momentum
d. Chadwick h. Discovery of Electron
1.6 Need for measurement
[TS EAMCET (Med.) 2015]
(a) (b) (c) (d) 19. A quantity which can be measured and by
(A) h g e f which various physical happenings can be
(B) c f h g explained and expressed in the form of laws is
(C) f e h g called
(D) g e h f (A) physical laws
1.4 Fundamental force in nature (B) chemical quantity
(C) physical observation
14. If FG, FE and FN represent gravitational force, (D) physical quantity
electromagnetic force, strong nuclear force
then which of the following is CORRECT 20. Measurement is necessary for
option: (A) a precise description of any natural
(A) FE > FN > FG (B) FN > FE > FG phenomena.
(C) FN > FG > FE (D) FG > FE > FN (B) its physical state only.
15. Assertion : Strong Nuclear force is stronger (C) approximate description of any natural
than electromagnetic force. phenomena.
Reason : Strong nuclear force overcomes the (D) approximate description of physical
electrostatic repulsion between protons and quantity.
binds them together maintaining nuclear
stability. 21. For experimental verification of various
(A) Assertion is True, Reason is True; theories, each physical quantity should be
Reason is a correct explanation for known
Assertion (A) approximately
(B) Assertion is true, Reason is True; (B) with proper external appearance only
Reason is not a correct explanation for (C) with proper temperature only
Assertion (D) precisely

14
14
 Chapter01:PhysicalWorldandMeasurement

1.7 Unit of measurement and system of units 1.8 Fundamental and derived units
22. A physical quantity is represented completely 32. Which of the following system of units is
by NOT based on units of mass, length and time
(A) its magnitude only alone? [Kerala PMT 2004]
(B) its unit only (A) SI (B) MKS
(C) its magnitude as well as unit (C) FPS (D) CGS
(D) neither magnitude nor unit but its
direction. 33. The physical quantities which do not depend
on any other physical quantity for their
23. The reference standard used for the measurements are called
measurement of a physical quantity is called (A) fundamental quantities
(A) standard quantity (B) dimension (B) derived quantities
(C) constant (D) unit (C) fundamental or derived quantities
24. A physical quantity (Q) can be expressed in (D) neither fundamental nor derived
terms of its magnitude (n) and unit (u) as quantities
n 34. Which of the following is NOT a derived
(A) Q=nu (B) Q=
u quantity?
2n 2u (A) area
(C) Q= (D) Q=
u n (B) time
(C) speed
25. SI system contains _______ fundamental (D) intensity of electric field
quantities.
(A) 3 (B) 4 35. N s is the unit of
(C) 6 (D) 7 [MP PMT 1984; CPMT 1984, 85]
(A) Velocity
26. The length in C.G.S. system is measured in the
(B) Angular momentum
unit of
(C) Momentum
(A) millimetre (B) centimetre
(D) Energy
(C) metre (D) decametre
36. The unit of angular acceleration in the SI
27. Gaussian system of units is also called as
system is [SCRA 1980; EAMCET 1981]
(A) SI system (B) MKS system
(C) FPS system (D) CGS system (A) N kg1 (B) m s2
2
(C) rad s (D) rad s3
28. Which of the following is NOT a
characteristic of a good unit? 37. Out of the following units, which is NOT a
(A) It is invariable fundamental unit?
(B) It is reproducible (A) newton (B) second
(C) It is perishable (C) pound (D) kilogram
(D) It is easily available 38. Which of the following is NOT a derived unit?
29. In which of the following systems can (A) joule (B) erg
scientific data be exchanged between different (C) dyne (D) mole
parts of the world? 39. Temperature can be expressed as a derived
(A) M.K.S. (B) C.G.S. quantity in terms of
(C) F.P.S. (D) S.I. [MP PET 1993; UPSEAT 2001]
30. F.P.S. means (A) Length and mass
(A) foot - paise - second (B) Mass and time
(B) force - pound - scale (C) Length, mass and time
(C) force - paise - scale (D) Neither length, mass and time.
(D) foot - pound second
40. The unit of permittivity of free space 0 is
31. A set of fundamental and derived units is [MP PET 1993; MP PMT 2003;
known as CBSE PMT 2004]
(A) supplementary units. (A) coulomb/(newton metre)
(B) system of units. (B) newton metre2/coulomb2
(C) complementary units. (C) coulomb2/(newton metre)2
(D) metric units. (D) coulomb2/(newton metre2)
15
PhysicsVolI(Med.andEngg.)
41. The unit for nuclear dose given to a patient is 52. Hertz is the unit for
(A) fermi (B) rutherford [MNR 1983; SCRA 1983; R PMT 1999]
(C) curie (D) rontgen (A) Frequency
(B) Force
42. volt/metre is the unit of
(C) Electric charge
[C PMT 1984; AFMC 1991]
(A) Potential (D) Magnetic flux
(B) Work 53. In SI, henry is the unit of
(C) Force [MP PET 1984; CBSE PMT 1993;
(D) Electric intensity DPMT 1984]
Newton (A) Self inductance
43. is the unit of (B) Mutual inductance
metre 2
[C PMT 1985; ISM Dhanbad 1994; (C) Both (A) and (B)
AFMC 1995] (D) resistance
(A) Energy (B) Momentum 54. 'Torr' is the unit of [R PMT 1999, 2000]
(C) Force (D) Pressure (A) Pressure (B) Volume
44. The unit of reduction factor of tangent (C) Density (D) Flux
galvanometer is [C PMT 1987; AFMC 2004] 55. dyne/cm2 is NOT a unit of [R PET 2000]
(A) ampere (B) gauss (A) Pressure
(C) radian (D) tesla (B) Stress
45. The unit of self inductance of a coil is (C) Strain
[MP PMT 1983, 92; SCRA 1986; (D) Young's modulus
C PMT 1984, 85, 87; CBSE PMT 1993]
56. Which of the following is different in respect
(A) farad (B) henry
of units? [Orissa JEE 2002]
(C) weber (D) tesla
(A) Phase difference
46. Henry/ohm can be expressed in (B) Mechanical equivalent
[C PMT 1987] (C) Loudness of sound
(A) second (B) coulomb (D) Poissons ratio
(C) mho (D) metre
57. Faraday is the unit of [AFMC 2003]
47. Which of the following represents a volt? (A) Charge (B) EMF
[C PMT 1990; AFMC 1991] (C) Mass (D) Energy
(A) joule/second (B) watt/ampere
(C) watt/coulomb (D) coulomb/joule 58. The SI unit of universal gas constant (R) is
[CPMT 1984, 87; MP PMT 1987, 94;
48. Kilowatt-hour is a unit of AFMC 1996; UPSEAT 1999]
[NCERT 1975; AFMC 1991] 1
(A) watt K mol
(A) Electrical charge (B) Energy (B) newton K1 mol1
(C) Power (D) Force (C) joule K1 mol1
49. In which of the following system of units, (D) erg K1 mol1
weber is the unit of magnetic flux?
59. Which does NOT have the same unit as
[SCRA 1991; CBSE PMT 1993;
others? [Orissa PMT 2004]
D PMT 2005]
(A) watt s (B) kilowatt hour
(A) CGS (B) MKS
(C) eV (D) J s
(C) SI (D) FPS
50. If the unit of length and force be increased 60. The physical quantity having the same unit in
four times, then the unit of energy is all the systems of units is
[Kerala PMT 2005] (A) length (B) time
(A) Increased 4 times (C) mass (D) foot
(B) Increased 8 times 61. The physical quantity denoted by
(C) Increased 16 times mass pressure
(D) Decreased 16 times is
density
51. The binding energy of a nucleon in a nucleus (A) force
is of the order of a few [SCRA 1979] (B) momentum
(A) eV (B) ergs (C) angular momentum
(C) MeV (D) volts (D) work
16
16
 Chapter01:PhysicalWorldandMeasurement
62. Which of the following is a supplementary 73. The unit of power is [C PMT 1985]
unit? (A) joule
(A) steradian (B) candela (B) joule per second only
(C) kelvin (D) pascal (C) both joule per second or watt
(D) watt only
63. The unit of electric field is newton/coulomb.
Its other equivalent term is potential gradient. 74. A suitable unit for gravitational constant is
What will be its unit? [MNR 1988]
(A) Vm (B) Vm2 (A) kg m s1 (B) N m1 s
(C) Vm 2
(D) Vm1 (C) Nm2 kg2 (D) kg m s2
64. weber/m2 is equivalent to [AFMC 1997] 75. SI unit of pressure is
(A) volt (B) henry [NCERT 1976; AFMC 1991;
(C) tesla (D) all of these USSR MEE 1991]
(A) pascal
65. Which of the following physical quantities and (B) dyne/cm2
units do not match? [R PET 91] (C) cm of Hg
(A) Magnetic field-weber (D) atmosphere
(B) Inductance-henry
(C) Capacitance-farad 76. Which of the following is NOT a unit of
(D) Electric flux-volt metre energy? [AIIMS 1985]
kg m
66. The unit of energy is same as the unit of (A) Ws (B)
s
(A) power (B) momentum (C) Nm (D) joule
(C) work (D) force
77. joule second is the unit of
67. Which of the following quantities can be [CPMT 1990; CBSE PMT 1993;
written as kg m2 A 2 s3 in S.I. units ? BVP 2003]
(A) resistance (B) inductance (A) Work
(C) capacitance (D) magnetic flux (B) Momentum
(C) Pressure
68. The unit of impulse is same as that of
(D) Angular momentum
(A) moment of force
(B) linear momentum 78. Unit of power is [C PMT 1971; DCE 1999]
(C) rate of change of linear momentum (A) kilowatt (B) kilowatt-hour
(D) force (C) dyne (D) joule
69. Which one of the following is NOT a unit of 79. Density of wood is 0.5 g/cc in the CGS system
length? of units. The corresponding value in MKS
(A) angstrom (B) light year system is
(C) fermi (D) radian [NCERT 1973; C PMT 1983;
70. The SI unit of magnetic permeability is JIPMER 1993]
(A) A m1 (B) A m (A) 500 (B) 5
(C) H m1 (D) Am2 (C) 0.5 (D) 5000

71. Which of the following is NOT equal to watt? 80. The SI unit of momentum is
[SCRA 1986, 89; C PMT 1987]
[CPMT 1990; SCRA 1991]
kg kg m
(A) joule/second (A) (B)
(B) ampere volt m s
(C) (ampere)2 ohm kg m 2
(C) (D) kg newton
(D) ampere/volt s

72. Which of the following is NOT represented in 81. The unit of specific resistance is
correct unit? [NCERT 1984; MNR 1995] [CPMT 1975; MP PET 1984; SCRA 1989]
Stress (A) ohm/cm2 (B) ohm/cm
(A) = N/m2 (C) ohm cm (D) (ohm cm)1
Strain
(B) Surface tension = N/m 82. Parsec is a unit of
kg m [SCRA 1986; BVP 2003; AIIMS 2005]
(C) Energy =
s (A) Distance (B) Velocity
(D) Pressure = N/m2 (C) Time (D) Angle
17
PhysicsVolI(Med.andEngg.)
83. Unit of moment of inertia in MKS system is 92. To measure the distance of a planet from the
[MP PMT 1984] earth, ______ method is used.
kg (A) echo (B) direct
(A) kg cm2 (B)
cm2 (C) parallax (D) paradox
(C) kg m2 (D) joule m 93. Which of the following represents a unified
84. curie is a unit of atomic mass unit (1u)?
[CBSE PMT 1992; CPMT 1992] (A) 8.333 101 of the mass of an atom of
12
(A) Energy of -rays C in kg.
(B) Half life (B) 0.8333 101 of the mass of an atom of
12
(C) Radioactivity C in g.
(D) Intensity of -rays (C) 8.333 101 of the mass of an atom of
12
C in g.
85. Youngs modulus of a material has the same (D) 0.8333 101 of the mass of an atom of
units as [MP PMT 1994] 12
C in kg.
(A) Pressure (B) Strain
(C) Compressibility (D) Force 1.10 Accuracy, precision and least count of
measuring instruments
1.9 Length, mass and time measurement
94. Accuracy of measuring instruments is the
86. Light year is a unit for the measurement of closeness of the measurement to the
(A) distance (A) approximately double value
(B) time (B) true value
(C) temperature (C) pitch of the instrument
(D) luminous intensity (D) least count of the instrument
87. An atomic clock makes use of 95. Greater accuracy is required for
(A) cesium 133 atom (A) greater physical quantity
(B) cesium 132 atom (B) large size physical quantity
(C) cesium 123 atom (C) smaller physical quantity
(D) cesium 131 atom (D) large distances only

88. The farthest objects in our Universe 96. The precision is alternately determined by
discovered by modern astronomers are so (A) least count of measuring instrument.
distant that light emitted by them takes billions (B) number of observations.
of years to reach the Earth. These objects (C) maximum reading that can be taken
(known as quasars) have man-puzzling with the instrument
features which have not yet been satisfactorily (D) any arbitrary observation.
explained. What is the distance in km of a 97. Select the most precise instrument
quasar from which light takes 3.0 billion years (A) a metre scale
to reach us? (B) a vernier callipers
(A) 2.81025 km (B) 2.81024 km (C) a micrometer screw gauge with
26
(C) 2.810 km (D) 2.831022 km 0.001 cm least count.
(D) a micrometer screw gauge with
89. One second is equal to [MNR 1986]
0.0005 cm least count.
(A) 1650763.73 time periods of Kr clock
(B) 652189.63 time periods of Kr clock 98. The main scale of a vernier callipers marked
(C) 1650763.73 time periods of Cs clock upto 10 cm is equally divided into 200 equal
(D) 9192631770 time periods of Cs clock parts. Its vernier scale of 20 divisions
coincides with 8 mm on the main scale. The
90. Length cannot be measured in least count of the instrument is
[AIIMS 2002] (A) 0.02 cm (B) 0.002 cm
(A) fermi (B) debye (C) 0.01 cm (D) 0.001 cm
(C) micron (D) light year
99. A spherometer has 100 equal divisions marked
91. The angular diameter of the sun is 1921. If along the peripheri of its disc and five full
the distance of the sun from the earth is rotations of the disc advances on the main
1.5 1011 m, then the linear diameter of the scale by 0.175 cm. The least count of the
sun is system is
(A) 2.6 109 m (B) 0.7 109 m (A) 3.5 104 cm (B) 35 103 cm
9
(C) 5.2 10 m (D) 1.39 109 m (C) 3.5 102 cm (D) 35 104 cm
18
18
 Chapter01:PhysicalWorldandMeasurement
100. In an experiment, the angles are required to be 107. The magnitude of the difference between
measured using an instrument. 29 divisions of mean value and each individual value is called
the main scale coincide with 30 divisions of (A) absolute error
the vernier scale. If the smallest division of the (B) error in reading
main scale is half a degree (= 0.5), then the (C) most probable value
least count of the instrument is [AIEEE 2009] (D) true error
(A) half minute (B) one degree 108. Instrumental error can be caused due to
(C) half degree (D) one minute (A) faulty construction of instrument.
101. In a vernier callipers, one main scale division (B) wrong setting of instrument.
is x cm and n divisions of the vernier scale (C) lack of concentration of observer.
coincide with (n 1) divisions of the main (D) wrong procedure of handling the
scale. Then the least count (in cm) of the instrument.
callipers is 109. While performing an experiment, minute
n 1 n change in experimental conditions like
(A) x (B) x
n n 1 temperature, pressure or fluctuation in voltage
x x is called
(C) (D) (A) instrumental error
n n 1
(B) systematic error
102. A certain pendulum clock with a 12 h dial (C) personal error
happens to gain 1.0 min/day. After setting the (D) random error
clock to the correct time, how long must one 110. In an experiment, refractive index of glass was
wait until it again indicates the correct time? observed to be 1.45, 1.56, 1.54, 1.44, 1.54 and
(A) 720 min (B) 720 days 1.53. The mean absolute error in the
(C) 60 days (D) 12 min experiment is
103. The diameter of the paper pin is measured (A) 0.04 (B) 0.02
accurately by using (C) 0.03 (D) 0.01
(A) Vernier callipers 111. A body travels a distance of (13.8 0.2) m in
(B) Micrometer screw gauge a time (4.0 0.3) s. The velocity of the body
(C) Metre scale within error limits is
(D) A measuring tape (A) (3.45 8.9) ms1
104. The diameter of a cylinder is measured using a (B) (3.45 0.3) ms1
Vernier callipers with no zero error. It is found (C) (3.45 0.4) ms1
that the zero of the Vernier scale lies between (D) (3.45 9.8) ms1
5.10 cm and 5.15 cm of the main scale. The
Vernier scale has 50 divisions equivalent to 112. The radius of a sphere is (5.3 0.1) cm. The
2.45 cm. The 24th division of the Vernier percentage error in its volume is
scale exactly coincides with one of the main 0.1 0.1
(A) 100 (B) 3 100
scale divisions. The diameter of the cylinder is 5.3 5.3
[JEE (Advanced) 2013] 0.1100 0.1
(C) (D) 3+ 100
(A) 5.112 cm (B) 5.124 cm 3.53 5.3
(C) 5.136 cm (D) 5.148 cm 113. The relative density of material of a body
is found by weighing it first in air and then
1.11 Errors in measurement
in water. If the weight in air is
105. Errors and mistakes are due to (5.00 0.05) newton and weight in water is
(A) defect in measurement of physical (4.00 0.05) newton, then the relative density
quantities. along with the maximum permissible
(B) instrumental fault percentage error is
(C) selection of instrument (A) 5.0 11% (B) 5.0 1%
(D) measurement at different instant (C) 5.0 6% (D) 1.25 5%
106. The difference between the true value and 114. The period of oscillation of a simple pendulum
measured value is called in the experiment is recorded as 2.63 s, 2.56 s,
(A) mistake 2.42 s, 2.71 s and 2.80 s respectively. The
(B) error average absolute error is
(C) significant figures (A) 0.1 s (B) 0.11 s
(D) fault (C) 0.01 s (D) 1.0 s
19
PhysicsVolI(Med.andEngg.)
115. The length of a cylinder is measured with a 122. Assertion: The error in the measurement of
metre rod having least count 0.1 cm. Its radius of the sphere is 0.3%. The permissible
diameter is measured with vernier callipers error in its surface area is 0.6%.
having least count 0.01 cm. Given that length Reason: The permissible error is calculated by
is 5.0 cm and radius is 2.0 cm, the percentage A r
the formula 4 .
error in the calculated value of the volume will A r
be [AIIMS 2008]
(A) 1% (B) 2% (A) Assertion is True, Reason is True;
(C) 3% (D) 4% Reason is a correct explanation for
116. You measure two quantities as A = 1.0 m Assertion.
0.2 m, B = 2.0 m 0.2 m. We should report (B) Assertion is True, Reason is True;
Reason is not a correct explanation for
correct value for AB as
Assertion.
[NCERT Exemplar] (C) Assertion is True, Reason is False.
(A) 1.4 m 0.4 m (D) Assertion is False, Reason is False.
(B) 1.41 m 0.15 m
(C) 1.4 m 0.3 m 123. Error due to non-removal of parallax between
(D) 1.4 m 0.2 m pointer and its image in case of magnetic
compass needle causes
117. If there is a positive error of 50% in the (A) instrumental error.
measurement of velocity of a body, then the (B) systematic error.
error in the measurement of kinetic energy is (C) personal error.
(A) 25% (B) 50% (D) random error.
(C) 100% (D) 125%
124. Choose the WRONG statement for zero error
1
A3B 2 and zero correction.
118. A physical quantity P is given by P = 3
. (A) If the zero of the vernier scale does not
4
C D 2 coincide with the zero of the main scale,
The quantity which brings in the maximum then the instrument is said to be having
percentage error in P is a zero error.
(A) A (B) B (B) Zero correction has a magnitude equal
(C) C (D) D to zero error but sign opposite to that of
the zero error.
119. If the length of rod A is 3.25 0.01 cm and (C) Zero error is positive when the zero of
that of B is 4.19 0.01 cm, then the rod B is vernier scale lies to the left of the zero
longer than rod A by [J & K CET 2005] of the main scale.
(A) 0.94 0.00 cm (D) Zero error is negative when the zero of
(B) 0.94 0.01 cm vernier scale lies to the left of the zero
(C) 0.94 0.02 cm of the main scale.
(D) 0.94 0.005 cm 125. Estimate the mean absolute error from the
120. A physical quantity A is related to four following data:
a 2 b3 20.17, 21.23, 20.79, 22.07, 21.78
observable a, b, c and d as follows, A = , (A) 0.85 (B) 0.58
c d
(C) 0.03 (D) 0.01
the percentage errors of measurement in a, b, c
and d are 1%, 3%, 2% and 2% respectively. 126. The least count of a screw gauge is 0.005 cm.
What is the percentage error in the quantity A? The diameter of a wire is 0.020 cm as
[Kerala PET 2005] measured by it. The percentage error in
(A) 5% (B) 7% measurement is
(C) 12% (D) 14% (A) 25 % (B) 20 %
(C) 15% (D) 5 %
121. Accidental error can be minimised by
(A) taking only one reading. 127. Two resistances R1 = 50 2 ohm and
(B) taking small quantity. R2 = 60 3 ohm are connected in series. The
(C) selecting instrument with greater least equivalent resistance of the series combination
count. is
(D) selecting instrument with small least (A) (110 2) ohm (B) (110 1) ohm
count. (C) (110 5) ohm (D) (110 6) ohm
20
20
 Chapter01:PhysicalWorldandMeasurement
128. The density of a cube is determined by 134. A wire has a mass (0.3 0.003) g, radius
measuring its mass and length of its one side. (0.5 + 0.005) mm and length (6 0.06) cm.
If maximum error in measurement of mass is The maximum percentage error in the
4% and edge is measured with an error of 3%, measurement of its density is [IIT JEE 2004]
then the percentage error in the measurement (A) 1 (B) 2
of density will be (C) 3 (D) 4
[AIPV 2003; CBSE PMT 96]
(A) 13% (B) 9% 135. In an experiment, four quantities a, b, c and d
(C) 7% (D) 1% are measured with percentage errors 1%, 2%,
3% and 4% respectively. Quantity P is
129. The percentage error in measurement of length calculated as follows:
and time period is 2 % and 1 % respectively. a 3b 2
The percentage error in measurement of g is P= % error in P is [NEET UG 2013]
cd
(A) 2 % (B) 3 % (A) 14% (B) 10%
(C) 6 % (D) 4 % (C) 7% (D) 4%
130. The period of oscillation of a simple pendulum 136. A physical quantity Q is found to depend on
L observables x, y and z, obeying relation
is T = 2 . Measured value of L is
g x 3y2
Q = . The percentage error in the
20.0 cm known to 1 mm accuracy and time for z
100 oscillations of the pendulum is found to measurements of x, y and z are 1%, 2% and
be 90 s using a wrist watch of 1 s resolution. 4% respectively. What is percentage error in
The accuracy in the determination of g is the quantity Q? [K CET 2014]
[JEE (Main) 2015] (A) 4 % (B) 3 %
(A) 2 % (B) 3% (C) 11 % (D) 1 %
(C) 1% (D) 5%
1.12 Significant figures
131. A resistor of 2 k with tolerance 10% is
connected in parallel with a resistor of 4 k 137. If the digit to be dropped is more than 5, then
with tolerance 10%. The tolerance of the the preceding digit is _____
parallel combination is approximately (A) raised by 1
(A) 10% (B) 20% (B) unchanged
(C) 30% (D) 40% (C) lowered by 1
(D) an average of 5 and that digit
x
132. The fractional error , if x = an is 138. Figure 4.850, rounded off to two digits,
x
n becomes
a (A) 3.5 (B) 4.8
(A)
a (C) 4.9 (D) 5.1
a 139. In the measurement of length, the length of the
(B) n
a string is 3.750 cm. Its value when rounded off
a to two digit number is
(C) n log e
a (A) 3.75 (B) 3.8
a (C) 3.7 (D) 3.6
(D) n log
a 140. The radius of the earth is 6400 km, the order
133. If x = (a b), the maximum percentage error of magnitude is
in the measurement of x will be (A) 107 m (B) 104 m
3
[BCECE 2015] (C) 10 m (D) 102 m
a b 141. The order of magnitude of 4.9 and 51 are
(A) a b a b 100 (A) same (B) double

a b (C) differ by 1 (D) four
(B) a b a b 100 142. A bee of mass 0.000087 kg sits on a flower of

a b mass 0.0123 kg. What is the total mass
(C) a b 100 supported by the stem of the flower upto

approximate significant figures?
a b (A) 0.012387 kg (B) 0.01239 kg
(D) a b 100
(C) 0.0124 kg (D) 0.012 kg

21
PhysicsVolI(Med.andEngg.)
143. A man runs 100.5 m in 10.3 s. His average 1.13 Dimensions of physical quantities
speed upto approximate significant figures is
(A) 9.76 ms1 155. A pair of physical quantities having the same
(B) 9.708 ms1 dimensional formula is [EAMCET 1991]
(C) 9.7087 ms1 (A) angular momentum and torque.
(D) 9.70874 ms1 (B) torque and energy.
(C) entropy and power.
144. What is the number of significant figures in (D) power and angular momentum.
0.310103 ?
(A) 2 (B) 3 156. Which of the following quantity is NOT
(C) 4 (D) 6 dimensionless?
145. If L = 2.331 cm, B = 2.1 cm, then L + B = (A) Reynolds number
[DCE 2003] (B) Strain
(A) 4.431 cm (B) 4.43 cm (C) Angle
(C) 4.4 cm (D) 4 cm (D) Radius of gyration

146. The number of significant figures in all the 157. Dimensional formula for electrical field is
given numbers 25.12, 2009, 4.156 and _______. [GUJ CET 2014]
1 2 3 2
1.217 104 is [Pb PET 2003] (A) [M L T A ]
(A) 1 (B) 2 (B) [M1L2T3A1]
(C) 3 (D) 4 (C) [M1L1T3A1]
(D) [M0L0T0A0]
147. The number of significant figures in 0.0500 is
(A) 4 (B) 3 158. Assertion: There is no physical quantity
(C) 2 (D) 1 which has a unit but is dimensionless.
148. The value of (9.15 + 3.8) with due regards to Reason: A physical quantity having
significant figure is dimensions cannot be unitless.
(A) 13.000 (B) 13.00 (A) Assertion is True, Reason is True;
(C) 13.0 (D) 13 Reason is a correct explanation for
Assertion.
149. 4.338 + 4.835 3.88 3.0 is equal to (B) Assertion is True, Reason is True;
(A) 10.6 (B) 10.59 Reason is not a correct explanation for
(C) 10.81 (D) 10.23 Assertion.
150. 5.480 102 has ______ significant figures. (C) Assertion is True, Reason is False.
(A) 6 (B) 4 (D) Assertion is False, Reason is True.
(C) 2 (D) 1 159. The dimensions of angular momentum/
151. Three measurements are made as 18.425 cm, magnetic moment are
7.21 cm and 5.0 cm. The addition should be (A) [M3LT2A2] (B) [MA1T1]
written as (C) [ML2A2T] (D) [M2L3AT2]
(A) 30.635 cm
160. Force F is given by the equation
(B) 30.64 cm
X
(C) 30.63 cm F= . Then dimensions of X are
(D) 30.6 cm Linear density
[EAMCET 2015]
152. In the reading 2.614 cm of measurement, only (A) 2 0 2
MLT (B) M0L0T1
uncertain figure is
(C) L2T2 (D) M0L2T2
(A) 1 (B) 2
(C) 4 (D) 6 161. If C and R represent capacitance and
1 resistance respectively, then the dimensions of
153. The decimal equivalent of upto three RC are [C PMT 1981, Pb PMT 1999]
25
significant figures is (A) [M0L0T2] (B) [M0L0T1]
(A) 0.040 (B) 0.04000 (C) [ML1] (D) [M1L0T1]
(C) 0.0040 (D) 4.0 102 162. Dimensional formula for latent heat is
154. Which of the following numerical values has [C PMT 1978, 86; MNR 1987;
three significant figures? IIT 1983, 89; R PET 2002]
(A) 3.033 (B) 0.030 (A) [M0L2T2] (B) [MLT2]
2 2
(C) 30.30 (D) 0.300 (C) [ML T ] (D) [ML2T1]
22
22
 Chapter01:PhysicalWorldandMeasurement
163. Dimensional formula for volume elasticity is 1
171. The dimensions of are that of
[MNR 1986; C PMT 1991; 0 0
MP PMT 1991, 2002]
[SCRA 1986]
(A) [M1L2T2] (B) [M1L3T2] (A) Velocity (B) Time
1 2 2
(C) [M L T ] (D) [M1L1T2] (C) Capacitance (D) Distance
164. The dimensional formula for Planck's constant 172. Dimensional formula of magnetic flux is
(h) is [Kerala PMT 2002] [IIT 1982; DCE 1993; CBSE PMT 1989, 99;
(A) [ML2T3] (B) [ML2T2] D PMT 2001; Kerala PMT 2005]
2 1
(C) [ML T ] (D) [ML2T2] (A) [ML2T2A1] (B) [ML0T2A2]
0 2 2 3
165. The dimensions of Stefans constant are (C) [M L T A ] (D) [ML2T2A3]
[MH-CET 2015] 173. Inductance L can be dimensionally
(A) [M0L1T3K4] represented as [J & K CET 2005]
(B) [M1L1T3K3] (A) [ML2T2A2]
(C) [M1L2T3K4] (B) [ML2T4A3]
(D) [M1L0T3K4] (C) [ML2T2A2]
166. Out of the following, the only pair that does (D) [ML2T4A3]
NOT have identical dimensions is 174. Dimensions of kinetic energy are
[BHU 1997; MP PET/PMT 1998] [Bihar PET 1983; AFMC 1991;
(A) Angular momentum and Planck's D PET 1993]
constant. (A) [ML2T2] (B) [M2LT1]
(B) Moment of inertia and moment of a (C) [ML2T1] (D) [ML3T1]
force.
(C) Work and torque. 175. Dimensions of coefficient of viscosity are
(D) Impulse and momentum. [AIIMS 1993; D PMT 2004]
(A) [ML2T2] (B) [ML2T1]
167. Which of the following has dimensions 1 1
(C) [ML T ] (D) [MLT]
different from the remaining three?
[AIIMS 1987; CBSE PMT 1993] 176. If C and L denote capacitance and inductance
(A) Energy per unit volume respectively, then the dimensions of LC are
(B) Force per unit area (A) [M0L0T0] (B) [M0L0T2]
2 0 2
(C) Product of voltage and charge per unit (C) [M L T ] (D) [MLT2]
volume 177. The dimensions of surface tension are
(D) Angular momentum per unit mass [MP PMT 1994, 99; UPSEAT 1999]
168. Assertion: Linear mass density has the (A) [ML1T2] (B) [MLT2]
1 1
dimensions of [M1 L1 T0]. (C) [ML T ] (D) [MT2]
Reason: This is so because density is mass per 178. Which of the following sets of physical
unit volume. quantities have same dimensions?
(A) Assertion is True, Reason is True; [MP PET 1997]
Reason is a correct explanation for (A) Work, energy, force.
Assertion. (B) Velocity, momentum, impulse.
(B) Assertion is True, Reason is True; (C) Potential energy, kinetic energy,
Reason is not a correct explanation for momentum.
Assertion. (D) Pressure, stress, coefficient of elasticity.
(C) Assertion is True, Reason is False.
(D) Assertion is False, Reason is False. 179. The ratio of the dimensions of Planck constant
and that of moment of inertia has the
169. The dimensions of CV2 matches with the dimensions of [K CET 2015]
dimensions of [DCE 1993] (A) angular momentum
(A) L2I (B) L2I2 (B) time
1 (C) velocity
(C) LI2 (D)
LI (D) frequency
170. In the expression for Boyles law, the product 180. Dimensions of CR are those of
PV has dimensions of [MH-CET 2015] [EAMCET (Engg.) 1995; AIIMS 1999]
(A) Force (B) Impulse (A) Frequency (B) Energy
(C) Energy (D) Momentum (C) Time period (D) Current

23
PhysicsVolI(Med.andEngg.)
181. [ML1T2] represents the dimensions of 191. If the dimensional formula is [L2M1T2] then
[EAMCET (Med.) 1995; Pb PMT 2001] the physical quantity will be
(A) Strain. (B) Solid angle. (A) torque
(C) acceleration. (D) Pressure. (B) impulse
(C) force
182. The physical quantity which has the
(D) force per unit area
dimensional formula [M1T3] is
[CET 1998] 192. What is dimensional formula of thermal
(A) Surface tension conductivity? [UP SEE 2006]
1 1
(B) Solar constant (A) [MLT ] (B) [MLT31]
(C) Density 2
(C) [M LT ]3 2
(D) [ML2T2]
(D) Compressibility
193. The dimensions of impulse are
183. The dimensions of solar constant are [C PMT 1986; AFMC 1997;
[BCECE 2015] EAMT 1998; UPCPMT 1999]
(A) [MLT2] (B) [M0L0T0] (A) [M1L1T3]
(C) [ML0T3] (D) [M0LT3] (B) [M1L1T1]
184. [ML3T1Q2] is dimension of [R PET 2000] (C) [M1L2T]
(A) Resistivity (B) Conductivity (D) [M2LT1]
(C) Resistance (D) None of these
194. Which of the following pairs have same
185. Which of the following represents the dimensions?
dimensions of farad? [AMU (Med.) 2002] [IIT 88; UP PMT 97; R PMT 2001]
1 2 4 2
(A) [M L T A ] (B) [ML2T2A2] (A) Work and angular momentum.
(C) [ML2T2A1] (D) [MT2A1] (B) Light year and wavelength.
(C) Stress and work.
186. The dimensions of pressure are equal to
(D) Energy and modulus of elasticity.
[AIEEE 2002]
(A) Force per unit volume 195. Which of the following pairs do NOT have
(B) Energy per unit volume same dimensions?
(C) Force [BHU 97; MP PMT 98;
(D) Energy UP PMT 2000; Kerala 2001]
187. Which of the following quantities is (A) Angular momentum and h
dimensionless? [MP PET 2002] (B) Moment of inertia and torque
(A) Gravitational constant (C) Work and torque
(B) Planck's constant (D) Impulse and momentum
(C) Power of a convex lens 196. The power of lens is P = 1/f, where f is focal
(D) Angle length of the lens. The dimensions of power of
188. The dimensional formula for Boltzmann's lens are
constant is [Pb PET 2001; MP PET 2002] (A) [LT2 ] (B) [M0L1T0 ]
(A) [ML2T21] (C) [M0L0T0 ] (D) [M0L1T0 ]
(B) [ML2T2] 197. The optical path difference is defined as
(C) [ML0T21] x = 2/. What are the dimensions of optical
(D) [ML2T1 1] path difference?
189. The dimensions of k in the equation (A) [M0L1T0 ] (B) [MLT0 ]
1 2 (C) [ML T ] 0
(D) [ML2T ]
W= kx are [Orissa JEE 2003]
2 198. The dimensional formula for Reynolds
(A) [M1L0T2] (B) [M0L1T1] number is [MH-CET 2014]
(C) [M1L1T2] (D) [M1L0T1] (A) [L0 M0 T0]
190. The dimensions of universal gas constant are (B) [L1 M1 T1]
[Pb PET 2003] (C) [L1 M1 T1]
(A) [ML2T21] (D) [L1 M1 T1]
(B) [M2LT2] 199. The dimensions of specific heat are
(C) [ML3T11] (A) [MLT2K1] (B) [ML2T2K1]
(D) None of these 0 2 2 1
(C) [M L T K ] (D) [M0LT2K1]
24
24
 Chapter01:PhysicalWorldandMeasurement
200. Which of the following units denotes the 1.14 Dimensional analysis and its applications
dimensions [ML2/Q2], where Q denotes the
electric charge? [AIEEE 2006] 206. Checking the correctness of physical equations
(A) henry (B) Hm2 using the method of dimensions is based on
(C) weber (Wb) (D) Wbm2 (A) equality of inertial frame of reference.
(B) the type of system of units.
201. Which of the following physical quantities (C) the method of measurement.
have neither dimensions nor unit? (D) the principle of homogeneity of
(A) Angle dimensions.
(B) Luminous intensity
(C) Coefficient of friction 207. Dimensional equation cannot be used
(D) Current (A) to check the correctness of a physical
quantity.
202. The fundamental unit which has same power (B) to derive the relation between different
in the dimensional formulae of surface tension physical quantities.
and viscosity is (C) to find out constant of proportionality
(A) mass which may be a pure number.
(B) length (D) to change from one system of units to
(C) time another.
(D) both (A) and (B)
208. If u1 and u2 are the units selected in two
203. Let [0] denote the dimensional formula of systems of measurement and n1 and n2 are
the permittivity of vacuum. If M = mass, their numerical values, then [SCRA 1986]
L = length, T = time and A = electric current, (A) n1u1 = n2u2
then [JEE (Main) 2013] (B) n1u1 + n2u2 = 0
1 3 2
(A) [0] = [M L T A] (C) n1n2 = u1u2
(B) [0] = [M1 L3 T4 A2] (D) (n1 + u1) = (n2 + u2)
(C) [0] = [M1 L2 T1 A2] 209. Assertion: N is not the same as nm.
(D) [0] = [M1 L2 T1 A] Reason: 1 N = 106 N and 1 nm = 109 m
204. Match the following two columns. (A) Assertion is True, Reason is True;
Reason is a correct explanation for
Column I Column II Assertion.
(a) Electrical resistance (p) [M1L3T3A2] (B) Assertion is True, Reason is True;
(b) Electrical potential (q) [ML2T3A2] Reason is not a correct explanation for
(c) Specific resistance (r) [ML2T3A1] Assertion.
(d) Specific (s) None of these (C) Assertion is True, Reason is False.
conductance (D) Assertion is False, Reason is False.
[GUJ CET 2015] 210. In C.G.S. system, the magnitude of the force is
(A) a q, b s, c r, d p 100 dynes. In another system where the
(B) a q, b r, c p, d s fundamental physical quantities are kilogram,
(C) a p, b q, c s, d r metre and minute, the magnitude of the force
(D) a p, b r, c q, d s is [EAMCET 2001]
(A) 0.036 (B) 0.36
205. Match the list-I with list-II (C) 3.6 (D) 36
List-I List-II 211. The frequency of vibration f of a mass m
P Boltzmann constant (I) [ML0T0] suspended from a spring of spring constant K
Q Coefficient of (II) [ML1T1] is given by a relation f = CmxKy; where C is a
viscosity dimensionless quantity. Then the value of
R Water equivalent (III) [MLT3K1] x and y are [CBSE PMT 1990]
S Coefficient of (IV) [ML2T2K1] 1 1
(A) x= ,y=
thermal 2 2
conductivity 1 1
(B) x= ,y=
[AP EAMCET (Engg.) 2016] 2 2
(A) P III, Q I, R II, S IV 1 1
(C) x= ,y=
(B) P III, Q II, R I, S IV 2 2
(C) P IV, Q II, R I, S III 1 1
(D) P IV, Q I, R II, S III (D) x= ,y=
2 2
25
PhysicsVolI(Med.andEngg.)
212. Two quantities A and B have different 219. If the dimensions of length are expressed as
dimensions. Which mathematical operation Gxcyhz; where G, c and h are the universal
given below is physically meaningful? gravitational constant, speed of light and
Planck's constant respectively, then
[CPMT 1997]
[IIT 1992]
(A) A / B
1 1 1
(B) A + B (A) x= ,y= ,z=
2 2 2
(C) A B
1 3 1
(D) A + 2B (B) x= ,y= ,z=
2
2 2 2
213. A force F is given by F= at + bt , where t is 1 3 1
time. What are the dimensions of a and b? (C) x= ,y= ,z=
2 2 2
[AFMC 2001; BHU 1998, 2005] 1 3 1
(D) x= ,y= ,z=
(A) [MLT3] and [ML2T4] 2 2 2
(B) [MLT3] and [MLT4] 220. The speed of light (c), gravitational constant
(C) [MLT1] and [MLT0] (G) and Planck's constant (h) are taken as the
(D) [MLT4] and [MLT1] fundamental units in a system. The dimensions
of time in this new system should be
214. If energy (E), velocity (v) and force (F) be
[AMU 1995]
taken as fundamental quantity, then what are 1/2 1/2 5/2
the dimensions of mass? [AMU 2000] (A) [G h c ] (B) [G1/2h1/2c1/2]
(A) [Ev ] 2
(B) [Ev2] (C) [G1/2h1/2c3/2] (D) [G1/2h1/2c1/2]
(C) [Fv1] (D) [Fv2] 221. The frequency of vibration of string is given
1/ 2
p F
215. If L, C and R denote the inductance, by n = . Here p is the number of
2l m
capacitance and resistance respectively, the
dimensional formula for C2 LR is segments in the string and l is the length. The
[UPSEAT 2002] dimensional formula for m will be
(A) [ML2T1I0] [BHU 2004]
(B) [M0L0T3I0] (A) [M0LT1] (B) [ML0T1]
(C) [M1L2T6I2] (C) [ML1T0] (D) [M0L0T0]
(D) [M0L0T2I0] 222. The surface tension of a liquid is 70 dyne/cm.
216. If force (F), length (L) and time (T) are In MKS system, its value is
assumed to be fundamental units, then the [C PMT 1973, 74; AFMC 1996; BHU 2002]
dimensional formula of the mass will be (A) 70 N/m
[J & K CET 2004] (B) 7 102 N/m
(A) [FL1T2] (C) 7 103 N/m
(B) [FL1T2]
(D) 7 102 N/m
(C) [FL1T2]
(D) [FL2T2] 223. The dimensions of physical quantity X in the
X
217. In a system of units if force (F), acceleration equation, Force = are given by
Density
(A) and time (T) are taken as fundamental
[DCE 1993]
units, then the dimensional formula of energy
(A) [M1L4T2] (B) [M2L2T1]
is [BHU 2005]
2
(C) [M2L2T2] (D) [M1L2T1]
(A) [FA T] (B) [FAT2]
2
(C) [F AT] (D) [FAT] 224. One nanometer is equal to
(A) 109 mm (B) 106 cm
7
218. Density of a liquid in CGS system is (C) 10 cm (D) 109 cm
0.625 g/cm3. What is its magnitude in SI 225. Which relation is WRONG?
system? [J & K CET 2005] [R PMT 1997]
3
(A) 0.625 kg/m (A) 1 calorie = 4.18 joules
(B) 0.0625 kg/m3 (B) 1 = 1010 m
(C) 0.00625 kg/m3 (C) 1 MeV = 1.6 1013 joules
(D) 625 kg/m3 (D) 1 newton = 105 dyne

26
26
 Chapter01:PhysicalWorldandMeasurement
226. If momentum (p), area (A) and time (T) are V
232. A quantity X is given by 0 L where 0 is
taken to be fundamental quantities, then t
energy has the dimensional formula the permittivity of free space, L is length, V
[NCERT Exemplar] is potential difference and t is a time interval.
(A) [pA1T1] The dimensional formula for X is the same as
(B) [p2AT] that of
(C) [pA1/2T] (A) Resistance (B) Charge
(D) [pA1/2T1] (C) Voltage (D) Current
227. If momentum (P), area (A) and time (T) are 233. h has same dimensions as that of
assumed to be fundamental quantities, then [R PMT 1999; R PET 1994, 2002, 2003;
energy has dimensional formula C PMT 1993, 94; CBSE PMT 2002]
(A) [P1T1A1/2] (A) Energy
(B) [P1T1A1/2] (B) Linear momentum
(C) [P2T1A1] (C) Angular momentum
(D) [P1T1A1] (D) Torque
228. If pressure P, velocity V and time T are taken a sin + bcos
234. If x = , then
as fundamental physical quantities, the a+b
dimensional formula of the force is (A) the dimensions of x and a are same.
[EAMCET (Engg.) 2000] (B) the dimensions of a and b are not same.
(A) [PV2T2] (C) x is dimensionless.
(B) [P1V2T2] (D) x has dimensions of length.
(C) [PVT2]
235. If L, C and R represent inductance,
(D) [P1VT2]
capacitance and resistance respectively, then
229. Find the dimensions of (a/b) in the equation which of the following does not represent
a t2 dimensions of frequency? [IIT 1984]
P= , where P is pressure, x is distance 1 R
bx (A) (B)
and t is time. RC L
(A) [M1L1T2] (C)
1
(D)
C
(B) [M1L0T2] LC L
(C) [M1L2T2]
236. The dimensional representation of
(D) [M1L2T2] gravitational potential is identical to that of
230. Which of the following physical quantities (A) internal energy.
b (B) angular momentum.
represent the dimensions of in the relation (C) latent heat.
a
x2 b (D) electric potential.
P = , where P is power, x is distance
at 237. Wavelength of ray of light is 0.00006 m. Its
and t time [AP EAMCET (Med.) 2016] value in micron is
(A) Power (A) 0.6 (B) 6
(B) Surface tension (C) 60 (D) 600
(C) Torsional constant
238. If x = at + bt2, where x is the distance travelled
(D) Force
by the body in kilometres while t is the time in
231. Using the principle of homogeneity of seconds, then the units of b are
dimensions, find which of the following [CBSE PMT 1993]
relations is correct. km
[T is the time period, a is the radius of the (A) (B) km s
s
orbit and M is the mass of the sun]. km
4 2a 3 (C) (D) km s2
(A) T2 = s2
G
239. If the speed of light (c), acceleration due to
4 2a 3
(B) T2 = gravity (g) and pressure (p) are taken as the
GM
fundamental quantities, then the dimensions of
(C) T2 = 42a3 gravitational constant are [AMU (Med.) 1999]
4 2a 3 (A) c2g0p2 (B) c0g2p1
(D) T2 =
GM 2 (C) cg3p2 (D) c1g0p1
27
PhysicsVolI(Med.andEngg.)
240. Plancks constant (h), speed of light in 248. Match the following [TS EAMCET 2015]
vacuum (c) and Newtons gravitational
constant (G) are three fundamental constants. A B
Which of the following combinations of these a. Rocket e. Bernoullis principle
has the dimension of length? propulsion in fluid dynamics
[NEET P-II 2016] b. Aeroplane f. Total internal
Gc reflection of light
(A) c. Optical g. Newtons laws of
h 3/ 2
fibers motion
hG
(B) d. Fusion test h. Magnetic
c3/ 2 reactor confinement of
hG plasma
(C)
c5/ 2 i. Photoelectric effect
hc
(D) (a) (b) (c) (d)
G
(A) g f e h
241. If the acceleration due to gravity is 10 m s2 (B) g e f i
and the units of length and time are changed in (C) i e f g
kilometre and hour respectively, the numerical (D) g e f h
value of the acceleration is[Kerala PET 2002]
249. Match list I with list II and select the correct
(A) 360000 (B) 72,000
answer.
(C) 36,000 (D) 1,29,600
List I List II
Miscellaneous
i. Einstein a. Wave nature of light
242. Which is the correct unit for measuring ii. Yukawa b. Theory of relativity
nuclear radii? iii. Maxwell c. Theory of nuclear
(A) micron (B) millimeter forces
(C) angstrom (D) Fermi iv. de Broglie d. Electromagnetic
theory
243. Which of the following is the smallest unit?
[AFMC 1996] i. ii. iii. iv.
(A) millimeter (B) angstrom (A) b c d a
(C) fermi (D) metre (B) b c a d
(C) b a c d
244. Which is NOT the unit of length?
(A) light year (D) b d a c
(B) astronomical unit 250. Match List-I (Fundamental Experiment) with
(C) parsec List-II (its conclusion) and select the correct
(D) tropical year option from the choices given below the list:
245. 1.4 times the mass of the sun is equal to List-I List-II
(A) 1 atomic mass unit (p) Frank-Hertz (i) Particle nature
(B) 1 meteric ton experiment of light
(C) 1 chandrashekhar limit (q) Photo-electric (ii) Discrete
(D) 1 pound experiment energy levels
246. The year in which solar eclipse occurs is of atom
called (r) Davison- (iii) Wave nature of
(A) leap year Germer electron
(B) solar year experiment
(C) tropical year (iv) Structure of
(D) polar year atom

247. One sedrial day [JEE (Main) 2015]

(A) is small than one solar day. (A) (p) (i) (q) (iv) (r) (iii)
(B) is equal to solar day (B) (p) (ii) (q) (iv) (r) (iii)
(C) is longer than one solar day. (C) (p) (ii) (q) (i) (r) (iii)
(D) has no connection with solar day. (D) (p) (iv) (q) (iii) (r) (ii)
28
28
 Chapter01:PhysicalWorldandMeasurement
rg 257. Match the following [VITEEE 2005]
251. From the equation tan = , one can obtain
v2 List I List II
the angle of banking for a cyclist taking a i. Magnetic flux a. tesla
curve (the symbols have their usual ii. Magnetic flux b. weber
meanings). Then it is density
(A) Both dimensionally and numerically iii. Relative c. no unit
correct. permeability
(B) Neither numerically nor dimensionally
iv. Magnetic field d. ampere/metre
correct.
intensity
(C) Dimensionally correct only.
(D) Numerically correct only. (A) i - b, ii - a, iii - c, iv - d
(B) i - c, ii - d, iii - b, iv - a
252. A highly rigid cubical block A of small mass (C) i - d, ii - b, iii - a, iv - c
M and side L is fixed rigidly on another (D) i - b, ii - d, iii - c, iv a
cubical block B of the same dimensions and of
low modulus of rigidity such that the lower 258. The nearest star to our solar system is
face of A completely covers the upper face of 4.29 light years away. How much is this
B. The lower face of B is rigidly held on a distance in terms of parsec? How much
horizontal surface. A small force F is applied parallax would this star (named Alpha
perpendicular to one of the side faces of A. Centuari) show when viewed from two
After the force is withdrawn, block A executes locations of the Earth six months apart in its
small oscillations. The time period of which is orbit around the Sun?
given by [IIT 1992] (A) 1.32 parsec, 1.52
M
(B) 1.26 parsec, 3.64
L
(A) 2 (B) 2 (C) 1.32 parsec, 2.32
L M
(D) 2.32 parsec, 2.64
ML M
(C) 2 (D) 2 259. The length of a rod is 0.5 102 m, the order of
L
magnitude of the length of the rod is
(A) 103 m
253. Number of particles crossing a unit area
perpendicular to X-axis in unit time is given (B) 102 m
(C) 101 m
n 2 n1
by n = D , where n1 and n2 are (D) 101 m
x 2 x1
number of particles per unit volume for the 260. Assertion: Out of three measurements,
value of n meant to x2 and x1. Find dimensions t = 0.4 s; t = 0.40 s and t = 0.400 s, the last one
of D called as diffusion constant. is most accurate.
[C PMT 1979] Reason: In every measurement, only the last
0
(A) [M LT ] 2
(B) [M0L2T4] significant digit is not accurately known.
(C) [M0LT3] (D) [M0L2T1] (A) Assertion is True, Reason is True;
Reason is a correct explanation for
254. Crane is British unit of volume. Assertion.
(One crane = 170.474 litre). Convert crane (B) Assertion is True, Reason is True;
into SI unit. Reason is not a correct explanation for
(A) 0.170474 m3 (B) 17.0474 m3 Assertion.
(C) 0.0017474 m3 (D) 1704.74 m3 (C) Assertion is True, Reason is False.
255. Maxwells equations relate to (D) Assertion is False, Reason is False.
(A) law of gravitation 261. The number of seconds in a day and its order
(B) basic laws of electrodynamics of magnitude are
(C) laws of electromagnetic induction (A) 8.64 104 s, 105 s
(D) nuclear model of an atom (B) 6.84 104 s, 104 s
256. The unit of Stefan's constant is (C) 8.64 105 s, 105 s
[AFMC 1986; MP PET 1992; (D) 6.85 104 s, 105 s
MP PMT 1992; CBSE PMT 2002]
262. Order of magnitude of (106 + 103) is
(A) W m2 K1 (B) W m+2 K4 (A) 1018 (B) 109
2 4
(C) W m K (D) W m2 K+4 (C) 10 6
(D) 103
29
PhysicsVolI(Med.andEngg.)
263. The radius of a uniform wire is r = 0.021 cm. 268. A physical parameter a can be determined
the value of is given to be 3.142. What is the by measuring the parameters b, c, d and e
area of cross section of the wire upto using the relation a = bc /d e . If the
approximate significant figures? maximum errors in the measurement of
(A) 0.0014 cm2 b, c, d and e are b1 %, c1 %, d1 % and
(B) 0.00139 cm2 e 1 %, then the maximum error in the value
(C) 0.001386 cm2 of a determined by the experiment is
(D) 0.0013856 cm2 (A) (b1 + c1 + d1 + e1)%
(B) (b1 + c1 d1 e1)%
264. A student measured the length of a rod and (C) (b1 + c1 d1 e1)%
wrote it as 3.50 cm. Which instrument did he (D) (b1 + c1 + d1 + e1)%
use to measure it? [JEE (Main) 2014]
(A) A meter scale 269. If the time period of a simple pendulum is
(B) A vernier calliper where the T = 2 l / g , then the fractional error in
10 divisions in vernier scale matches acceleration due to gravity is
with 9 division in main scale and main [Assam CEE 2015]
scale has 10 divisions in 1 cm 4 2 l l T
(C) A screw gauge having 100 divisions in (A) (B) 2
T 2 l T
the circular scale and pitch as 1 mm
l T
(D) A screw guage having 50 divisions in (C) 2 (D) None of these
l T
the circular scale and pitch as 1 mm
270. The density of a cube is measured by
265. Two full turns of the circular scale of a screw
measuring its mass and length of side. If the
gauge cover a distance of 1 mm on its main
maximum error in their measurement are 3%
scale. The total number of divisions on the
and 2% respectively, the maximum error in the
circular scale is 50. Further, it is found that the
measurement of density is
screw gauge has a zero error of 0.03 mm.
(A) 7% (B) 5%
While measuring the diameter of a thin wire, a
(C) 9% (D) 3%
student notes the main scale reading of 3 mm
and the number of circular scale divisions in 271. A student measures the value of g with the
line with the main scale as 35. The diameter of help of a simple pendulum using the formula
the wire is 4 2 L
(A) 3.32 mm (B) 3.73 mm g= . He measures length L with a metre
T2
(C) 3.67 mm (D) 3.38 mm scale having least count 1 mm and finds it
98.0 cm. The time period is measured with the
266. A screw gauge with a pitch of 0.5 mm and a help of a watch of least count 0.1 s. The time
circular scale with 50 divisions is used to of 20 oscillations is found to be 40.0 s. The
measure the thickenss of a thin sheet of
error g in the measurement of g is (in m/s2).
Aluminium. Before starting the measurement,
[BCECE 2014]
it is found that when the two jaws of the screw
gauge are brought in contact, the 45th division 0.1 1
(A) 9.68 0.1 (B) 9.68 0.1
coincides with the main scale line and that the 98 98
zero of the main scale is barely visible. What 0.1 0.1 1 1
is the thickness of the sheet if the main scale (C) 9.68 (D) 9.68
98 20 98 20
reading is 0.5 mm and the 25th division
coincides with the main scale line? 272. Select the correct match.
[JEE (Main) 2016]
Column I Column II
(A) 0.80 mm (B) 0.70 mm
i. R/L a. Time
(C) 0.50 mm (D) 0.75 mm
ii. CR b. Frequency
267. A wire has a mass 0.3 0.003 g, radius iii. E/B c. Speed
0.5 0.005 mm and length 6 0.06 cm. The iv. 0 0 d. None
maximum percentage error in the
measurement of its density is (A) i a, ii b, iii c, iv d
[IIT (Screening) 2004] (B) i c, ii a, iii b, iv d
(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) i d, ii b, iii a, iv c
(C) 3 (D) 4 (D) i b, ii a, iii c, iv d
30
30
 Chapter01:PhysicalWorldandMeasurement
273. An athletic coach told his team that muscle i. ii. iii. iv.
times speed equals power. What dimensions (A) c d b a
does he view for muscle? (B) d c a b
(A) [MLT2] (B) [ML2T2] (C) d c b a
2
(C) [MLT ] (D) [L] (D) c a d b
274. The dimensions of e.m.f. in MKS are kZ
[C PMT 2002] 282. In the relation P = e , P is pressure, Z is
1 2 2
(A) [ML T Q ] (B) [ML2T2Q2]
(C) [MLT2Q1] (D) [ML2T2Q1] the distance, k is Boltzmann constant and is
the temperature. The dimensional formula of
275. If energy (E), velocity(V) and time (T) are will be [IIT (Screening) 2004]
chosen as the fundamental quantities, the (A) [M0L2T0] (B) [M1L2T1]
dimensional formula of surface tension will be 1 0 1
(C) [M L T ] (D) [M0L2T1]
[AIPMT 2015]
(A) [E V2T1] (B) [E V1T2] 283. If the velocity of surface wave (v) depends
(C) [E V2T2] (D) [E2V1T3] upon surface tension (T), coefficient of
viscosity () and density (), then the
276. If X = 3 YZ2, then the dimension of Y in MKS
expression for v will be
system, if X and Z are the dimensions of
[Assam CEE 2015]
capacity and magnetic field respectively, is
[MP PMT 2003] T2 T
(A) (B)
(A) [M3L2T4A1] (B) [ML2]
(C) [M3L2T4A4] (D) [M3L2T8A4]
(C) (D)
277. If E, M, J and G denote energy, mass, angular T2
momentum and gravitational constant, then
284. If n denotes a positive integer, h the Plancks
EJ 2 constant, q the charge and B the magnetic
has the dimensions of
M 5G 2
nh
(A) length (B) angle field, then the quantity has the
(C) mass (D) time 2qB
dimensions of [WB JEE 2014]
278. The equation of state of some gases can be (A) area (B) length
a (C) speed (D) acceleration
expressed as P 2 (V b) = RT. Here P is
V
the pressure, V is the volume, T is the absolute 285. The velocity v of a particle at time t is given
temperature and a, b, R are constants. The b
by v = at + , where a, b and c are
dimensions of a are [CBSE PMT 1991, 96] tc
(A) [ML5T2] (B) [ML1T2] constant. The dimensions of a, b and c are
0 3 0
(C) [M L T ] (D) [M0L6T0] respectively [C PMT 2006]
(A) [L2], [T] and [LT2]
279. The dimensions of Hubbles constant are (B) [LT2], [LT] and [L]
(A) [T1] (B) [M0L0T2] (C) [L], [LT] and [T2]
(C) [MLT ] 4
(D) [MLT1]
(D) [LT2], [L] and [T]
280. A physical quantity x depends on quantities
y and z by the relation x = Ay + B tan Cz, 286. The force F is expressed in terms of distance x
where A, B and C are constants. Which of the and time t as F = a x + bt2. The dimensions of
following do not have the same dimensions? a/b are
[AMU (Engg.) 2001] (A) [M0L0T2] (B) [M0L1/2T2]
0 1/2 2
(A) x and B (B) C and z1 (C) [M L T ] (D) [M0L1/2T2]
(C) y and B/A (D) x and A
281. Match list I with list II and select the correct 287. Find the value of 20 J on the system based on
answer 1
20 cm, 1 kg and minute as fundamental
2
List I List II
units.
i. spring constant a. [M1L2T2]
(A) 4.5 105 units
ii. pascal b. [M0L0T1]
(B) 4.5 104 units
iii. hertz c. [M1L0T2]
(C) 4.5 107 units
iv. joule d. [M1L1T2] (D) zero
31
PhysicsVolI(Med.andEngg.)

Answers to MCQ's

1. (B) 2. (B) 3. (A) 4. (A) 5. (B) 6. (B) 7. (B) 8. (C) 9. (A) 10. (B)
11. (C) 12. (D) 13. (C) 14. (B) 15. (A) 16. (A) 17. (D) 18. (A) 19. (D) 20. (A)
21. (D) 22. (C) 23. (D) 24. (A) 25. (D) 26. (B) 27. (D) 28. (C) 29. (D) 30. (D)
31. (B) 32. (A) 33. (A) 34. (B) 35. (C) 36. (C) 37. (A) 38. (D) 39. (D) 40. (D)
41. (D) 42. (D) 43. (D) 44. (A) 45. (B) 46. (A) 47. (B) 48. (B) 49. (C) 50. (C)
51. (C) 52. (A) 53. (C) 54. (A) 55. (C) 56. (D) 57. (A) 58. (C) 59. (D) 60. (B)
61. (D) 62. (A) 63. (D) 64. (C) 65. (A) 66. (C) 67. (A) 68. (B) 69. (D) 70. (C)
71. (D) 72. (C) 73. (C) 74. (C) 75. (A) 76. (B) 77. (D) 78. (A) 79. (A) 80. (B)
81. (C) 82. (A) 83. (C) 84. (C) 85. (A) 86. (A) 87. (A) 88. (A) 89. (D) 90. (B)
91. (D) 92. (C) 93. (D) 94. (B) 95. (C) 96. (A) 97. (D) 98. (C) 99. (A) 100. (D)
101. (C) 102. (B) 103. (B) 104. (B) 105. (A) 106. (B) 107. (A) 108. (A) 109. (D) 110. (A)
111. (A) 112. (B) 113. (A) 114. (B) 115. (C) 116. (D) 117. (D) 118. (C) 119. (C) 120. (D)
121. (D) 122. (C) 123. (C) 124. (C) 125. (B) 126. (A) 127. (C) 128. (A) 129. (D) 130. (B)
131. (C) 132. (B) 133. (B) 134. (D) 135. (A) 136. (C) 137. (A) 138. (B) 139. (B) 140. (A)
141. (C) 142. (C) 143. (A) 144. (B) 145. (C) 146. (D) 147. (B) 148. (C) 149. (A) 150. (B)
151. (D) 152. (C) 153. (A) 154. (D) 155. (B) 156. (D) 157. (C) 158. (D) 159. (B) 160. (A)
161. (B) 162. (A) 163. (D) 164. (C) 165. (D) 166. (B) 167. (D) 168. (B) 169. (C) 170. (C)
171. (A) 172. (A) 173. (A) 174. (A) 175. (C) 176. (B) 177. (D) 178. (D) 179. (D) 180. (C)
181. (D) 182. (B) 183. (C) 184. (A) 185. (A) 186. (B) 187. (D) 188. (A) 189. (A) 190. (A)
191. (A) 192. (B) 193. (B) 194. (B) 195. (B) 196. (B) 197. (A) 198. (A) 199. (C) 200. (A)
201. (C) 202. (A) 203. (B) 204. (B) 205. (C) 206. (D) 207. (C) 208. (A) 209. (A) 210. (C)
211. (D) 212. (A) 213. (B) 214. (B) 215. (B) 216. (A) 217. (B) 218. (D) 219. (C) 220. (A)
221. (C) 222. (B) 223. (C) 224. (C) 225. (D) 226. (D) 227. (B) 228. (A) 229. (B) 230. (C)
231. (B) 232. (D) 233. (C) 234. (C) 235. (D) 236. (C) 237. (C) 238. (C) 239. (B) 240. (B)
241. (D) 242. (D) 243. (C) 244. (D) 245. (C) 246. (C) 247. (A) 248. (D) 249. (A) 250. (C)
251. (C) 252. (D) 253. (D) 254. (A) 255. (B) 256. (C) 257. (A) 258. (A) 259. (B) 260. (A)
261. (A) 262. (C) 263. (A) 264. (B) 265. (D) 266. (A) 267. (D) 268. (D) 269. (C) 270. (C)
271. (A) 272. (D) 273. (A) 274. (D) 275. (C) 276. (D) 277. (B) 278. (A) 279. (A) 280. (D)
281. (A) 282. (A) 283. (B) 284. (A) 285. (D) 286. (C) 287. (A)

Hints to MCQ's

13. 1 Q1Q 2
Michael - Laws of electromagnetic 40. F=
4 0 r 2
Faraday induction
Q2
Niel Bohr - Quantum model of 0
Hydrogen atom F r 2
J.J. Thomson - Discovery of Electron So 0 has units of coulomb2/(newton m2)
Chadwick - Discovery of Neutron
dV
42. E=
32. In S.I. system, there are seven fundamental dx
quantities.
Wb
35. Impulse = change in momentum = F t 45. L= = = henry.
I A
So the unit of momentum will be equal to
newton-second. L
46. is a time constant of L-R circuit. Hence
R
Angular velocity rad
36. Angular acceleration = = 2 Henry/ohm can be expressed as second.
Time s
watt volt.ampere
39. Because temperature is a fundamental 47. = = volt
quantity. ampere ampere

32
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 Chapter01:PhysicalWorldandMeasurement
50. Energy = force distance, so if both are 83. As I = MR2 = kg m2
increased by 4 times, then energy will increase 84. curie = disintegration/s
by 16 times.
Stress Force / Area
56. Poissons ratio is a unitless quantity. 85. Y= =
Strain Dimensionless quantity
57. 1 Faraday = 96500 coulomb Y = Pressure.
58. PV = nRT
88. Distance = velocity time
PV joule
R= = = JK1mol1 = (3 108) (3 109 365 24 60 60)
nT mole kelvin
= 2.8 1025 km
59. joule-second is the unit of angular momentum
91. Distance of sun from earth = 1.5 1011 m
whereas others are units of energy.
Angular diameter of sun,
massforcevolume
1921
= 1921 =
61. = force length = work 1921
areamass = 3600 180 rad
60 60
V W kg m / s2 m Diameter of sun,
67. Resistance = = = 1921
I qI As A D = s = 1.5 1011
3600 180
kg m 2
The unit of resistance = 2
D = 1.39 109 m
s AsA
10
= kg m2A2s3 98. 1 M.S.D. = cm = 0.050 cm;
200
68. Impulse = force time 0.8
= mass acceleration time 1 V.S.D. = cm = 0.04 cm
20
= mass change in velocity
L.C. = 1 M.S.D. 1 V.S.D.
= change in momentum.
= 0.05 0.04 = 0.01 cm
69. Radian is the unit of angle. Pitch
99. Least count =
71. watt = joule/second = ampere volt Totalnumber of divisions
= ampere2 ohm 0.035
2 2 = = 3.5 104 cm
72. Unit of energy is kg m /s 100
73. watt = joule/s. 100. 30 VSD = 29 MSD
29
74. F=
Gm1m 2
; 1 VSD = MSD
30
d2
Least count = 1 MSD 1 VSD
Fd 2
G= = Nm2/kg2 29
m1m2 = 1 0.5 MSD
30
kg m o
76. is the unit of linear momentum. 1
0.5 = = 1 minute
1
s =
30 60
dL
77. = 101. Vernier constant = 1 M.S.D. 1 V.S.D
dt Since n V.S.D. = (n 1) M.S.D = (n 1) x cm
dL = dt = r F dt n 1
i.e. the unit of angular momentum is joule- 1 V.S.D = x cm
n
second.
n 1 x
79. 1 C.G.S unit of density = 1000 M.K.S. unit of V.C = x cm x cm = cm
n n
density
102. The clock will show correct time after it gains
0.5 g/cc = 500 kg/m3
12 60 = 720 minutes in 720 days.
m
80. mv = kg 104. For a given Vernier callipers,
s 1 MSD = 5.15 5.10 = 0.05 cm
L 2.45
81. R= 1 VSD = = 0.049 cm
A 50
RA L.C = 1 MSD 1VSD = 0.001 cm
= = ohm cm Hence the reading = 5.10 + (0.001 24)
L
= 5.124 cm
82. Parsec is astronomical unit of distance. Thus diameter of cylinder = 5.124 cm
33
PhysicsVolI(Med.andEngg.)
111. Here, s = (13.8 0.2)m 0.6 0.6
x = x = 1.4
and t = (4.0 0.3) s 2 2 2 2
Expressing it in percentage error, we have, x = 0.21 m
0.2 Rounding off to two significant figures,
s = 13.8 100% = 13.8 1.4%
13.8 x = 0.2 m
0.3
and t = 4.0 100% = 4 7.5% AB = x x = (1.4 0.2)m
4
s 13.8 1
v= (1.4 7.5) = (3.45 8.9)m/s. 117. Kinetic energy, E mv2
t 4 2
E v2 v 2 v 2
4 100 100 1 100
112. V = r3 2
3 E v v
% error in volume = 3 % error in radius. = [(1.5)2 1] 100 = 125%
3 0.1
= 100 118. Quantity C has maximum power i.e. 4. So it
5.3 brings maximum error in P.
113. Weight in air = (5.00 0.05)N 120. Percentage error in A
Weight in water = (4.00 0.05)N
= 2 1 3 3 1 2 2 % = 14%
1
Loss of weight in water = (1.00 0.1)N 2
weight in air
Now, relative density 122. The permissible error is calculated by the
weight loss in water
formula
5.00 0.05
i.e. R. D = A r
1.00 0.1 2
A r
Now, relative density with max. permissible
error 20.17 21.23 20.79 22.07 21.78
125. am =
5.00 0.05 0.1 5
= + 100 a m = 21.21
1.00 5.00 1.00
= 5.0 (1 + 10)% = 5.0 11% a 1 = 21.21 20.17= 1.04
a 2 = 21.21 21.23 = 0.02
114. Average value
2.63 + 2.56 + 2.42 + 2.71 + 2.80 a 3 = 0.42
= = 2.62 s
5 a 4 = 0.86
Now |T1| = 2.63 2.62 = 0.01 a 5 = 0.57
|T2| = 2.62 2.56 = 0.06 a 1 a 2 a 3 a 4 a 5
|T3| = 2.62 2.42 = 0.20 a m =
5
|T4| = 2.71 2.62 = 0.09
1.04 0.02 0.42 0.86 0.57
|T5| = 2.80 2.62 = 0.18 =
5
Mean absolute error
= 0.58
| T1 | | T2 | | T3 | | T4 | | T5 |
T = d
5 126. Percentage error = 100 %
0.54 d
= = 0.108 0.11 s
=
5 0.005
100 %
0.020
115. Volume of cylinder, V = r2 l = 25 %
Percentage error in volume
V 2 r l L
100 100 100 129. T = 2
V r l g
0.01 0.1 L L
= 2 100 + 100 = (1 + 2)% = 3% T2 = 4 2 or g = 4 2 2
2.0 5.0 g T
g L T
116. Let x = AB = (1.0)(2.0) = 1.414 m = 2
g L T
Rounding off to two significant digits we get,
x = 1.4 m g 2 1
= 100 2 100
Error in x is given by g
x 1 A B 1 0.2 0.2 0.6 g
= = = = 4%
x 2 A B 2 1.0 2.0 2 2 g

34
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 Chapter01:PhysicalWorldandMeasurement

L Dd
130. T = 2 error contributed by d = 100 = 4%
g d
L Percentage error in P is given as,
g = 42 .
T2 Dp
100 = (error contributed by a)+(error
g L T p
100 100 2 100
g l T contributed by b) + (error contributed by c)
L T + (error contributed by d)
= 100 2. 100 = 3% + 4% + 3% + 4%
l T
0.1 1 = 14%
= 100 2 100
20.0 90 Q x y z
136. =3 +2 + =31+22+4
100 200 1 20 Q x y z
= = 3%
200 90 2 9 = 11%
R1R 2 142. Total mass = 0.000087 + 0.0123
131. RP =
R1 R 2 = 0.012387 kg 0.0124 kg
R P R1 R 2 The mass of the bee is accurate upto sixth
100 = 100 100
RP R1 R2 decimal place in kg, whereas the mass of the
(R l R 2 )
flower is accurate only upto fourth decimal
100 place. Hence the sum must be rounded off to
(R l R 2 )
the fourth decimal place.
10
Now, R1 = 2 k = 0.2 k, 143. Average speed = 100.5/10.3 = 9.76 ms1
100
10 The distance has four significant figures but
R2 = 4 k = 0.4 k the time has only three. Hence the result must
100
be rounded off to three significant figures i.e.,
R P 0.2 0.4
Again, 100 = 100 100 9.76 ms1.
RP 2 4
0.2 0.4 144. Number of significant figures are 3, because
+ 100 103 is decimal multiplier.
6
= 10 + 10 + 10 = 30%. 145. Given, L = 2.331 cm
= 2.33 (correct upto two decimal places)
m 0.003 r 0.005 L 0.06
134. Here, , , and B = 2.1 cm = 2.10 cm
m 0.3 r 0.5 L 6
L + B = 2.33 + 2.10 = 4.43 cm = 4.4 cm
m
As = , minimum significant figure is 2.
(r 2 )L
m 2r L 146. The number of significant figures in all of the
100 = 100
m r L given numbers is 4.
0.003 2 0.005 0.06 1
= 100 153. = 0.04
0.3 0.5 6 25
= 1 + 2 + 1 = 4% Decimal equivalent upto 3 significant figures
is 0.040.
a 3b 2
135. Given that: P =
cd 157. Electric Field = Force/Charge = [MLT2]/[AT]
Da [E] = [M1L1T3A1]
error contributed by a = 3 100
a 158. Physical quantity having dimensions must
= 3 1% possess unit but there are certain quantities
= 3% which have units but no dimensions. For
Db example, angle, loudness of sound etc.
error contributed by b = 2 100
b X X
160. F = =
= 2 2% Linear Density Mass / length
= 4% M
Dc MLT2 =X
error contributed by c = 100 = 3% L
c X = M2T2
35
PhysicsVolI(Med.andEngg.)

161. [R] = [ML2T3I2] and 1

171. = c = velocity of light
[C] = [M1L2T4I2] 0 0
[RC] = [T1]
F [MLT 2 ] [L2 ]
162. Q = ML 172. = BA = A= = [ML2T2A1]
IL [A] [L]
Q ML2T 2
L= = = [M0L2T2]
M M 1 2
173. E = LI . Hence L = [ML2T2A2]
Force/Area
2
163. Volume elasticity =
Volume strain 1
Strain is dimensionless, so 174. Kinetic energy = mv2 = M[LT1]2 = [ML2T2]
2
Force MLT 2
Volume elasticity = = dv
Area L2 175. F = .A = [ML1T1]
= [ML T ]1 2 dx

164. E = h 1 1
176. f = LC = = [M0L0T2]
[ML2T2] = [h][T1] 2 LC f2
[h] = [ML2T1]
Force [MLT 2 ]
177. Surface tension = =
E Length L
165. =
T4 = [MT2]
Where E is energy radiated per unit area per
unit time. 178. [Pressure] = [Stress]
= [coefficient of elasticity]
166. Moment of inertia = mr2 = [M][L2]
= [ML1T2]
Moment of Force
= Force Perpendicular distance 179. unit of Planck constant (h) is J-s
= [MLT2][L] = [ML2T2] Dimension of h = [M1L2T2] [T1] = [M1L2T1]
[ML2T 2 ]
unit of Moment of inertia is Kg m2
167. Energy per unit volume = Dimension of M.I. = [M1L2]
[L3 ]
h M L T
1 2 1
1 2
= [ML T ] 1
I M1L2 = [T ]
[MLT 2 ]
Force per unit area = = [ML1T2]
[L2 ] This is dimension of frequency.
Product of voltage and charge per unit volume charge potential
VQ VIt Power Time 180. Capacitance resistance =
= = = potential current
Volume Volume Volume
current time
[ML2T 3 ][T] 1 2 =
= [ML T ] current
[L3 ]
= time
Angular momentum per unit mass
[ML2T 1 ] 182. Solar constant is energy received per unit area
= = [L2T1]
[M] [ML2T 2 ]
per unit time i.e. = [M1T3]
So angular momentum per unit mass have [L2 ][T]
different dimensions.
W
168. Linear mass density is mass per unit length, 183. units of solar constant
m2
though density is mass per unit volume.
m2 1 kg
Hence, Reason is not a correct explanation of = kg 3
2 3
s m s
Assertion.
Dimension [ML0T3]
169. Both represent the formula of energy
1 1 2 [R].[A]
184. Resistivity [] = ,
E CV LI
2

2 2 [l ]
[R] = [ML2T1Q2]
F F
170. PV = V . P [] = [ML3T1Q2]
A A
[M1L1T 2 ] 3 Q [AT]
= [L ] = [M1L2T2] 185. C = = = [M1L2T4A2]
[L2 ] V [ML2T 3 A 1 ]

36
36
 Chapter01:PhysicalWorldandMeasurement

Energy ML2T 2 q1 q 2
186. = = [ML1T2] = Pressure 203. 0 =
Volume L3 4 Fr 2

187. [G] = [M1L3T2] ; [h] = [ML2T1] A2 T2

[0] = = [M1 L3 T4 A2]
1 M L T L
1 1 2 2

Power of lens = = [L1]

focal length
V
Angle is dimensionless. 204. [R] [M1L2T3A2] use R =
I
R 1 2 3 1 U
188. kB = = [ML2T21] [V] [M L T A ] use V =
N q
RA
1 2 [] [M1L3T3A2] use =
189. W = kx l
2
1 3 3 2 1
[W] ML2T 2 [] [M L T A ] use =
[k] = = 2
= [MT ]
2 2
[x ] L
208. Physical quantity (p)
PV ML1T 2 L3 2 2 1 = Numerical value (n) Unit (u)
190. R = = = [ML T ] If physical quantity remains constant then
T
n 1/u n1u1 = n2u2.
192. Substituting dimensions for corresponding
quantities in the expression for coefficient of 209. N represents a micro newton (= 106 N) and
thermal conductivity. nm repesents a nano metre (= 109 m).
Heat Q transferred through a rod of length L 1 1 2
M1 L1 T1
and area A in time t is, 210. n2 = n1
T1 T2 M2 L2 T2
Q = KA t 1 1 2
L gm cm s
= 100
where, K = coefficient of thermal conductivity kg m min
T1 T2 = temperature difference. 1 1 2
gm cm s
2 2
[ML T ][L] = 100 3 2
[K] = = [MLT31] 10 gm 10 cm 60s
[L2 ][][T]
3600
199. The heat energy content H of a body of mass n2 = = 3.6
103
m at temperature is given by H = ms,
where s is the specific heat. 211. By putting the dimensions of each quantity on
H both the sides, we get
s= [T1] = [M]x [MT2]y
m
Now comparing the dimensions of quantities
Dimensions of s
on both sides, we get x + y = 0 and 2y = 1
dimensions of heat energy
= 1 1
dimensions of mass dimensions of temperature x= ,y=
2 2
[ML2T 2 ]
= = [M0L2T2K1] 212. Quantities having different dimensions can
[M K]
only be divided or multiplied but they cannot
ML2 [ML]2 be added or subtracted.
200. = [ML2T2A2]
Q2 [AT]2
213. From the principle of dimensional
Now, Henry (H) = SI unit of inductance
F
e edt W dt [ML2T 2 ][T] homogeneity, [a] = = [MLT3] and
= t
dI / dt dI q dI [AT][A]
= [ML2T2A2] F
[b] = 2 = [MLT4]
t
Applied force
201. Coefficient of friction =
Normal reaction 214. Let m ExvyFz
[MLT 2 ] m = KExvyFz
= = no dimensions By substituting the following dimensions:
[MLT 2 ]
N [E] = [ML2T2], [v] = [LT1], [F] = [MLT2]
Unit = = No unit and by equating the powers of M, L, T on both
N
sides, we get
202. = [M1L0T2], = [M1L1T1] x = 1, y = 2, z = 0. So [m] = [Ev2]
37
PhysicsVolI(Med.andEngg.)
1/ 2
R p F
215. C2 LR = [C2L2] 221. n =
L 2l m
1 p2 F
= [T4] = [T3] n2 =
T 4l 2 m
L F
R T and LC T
m 2 2
l n
MLT 2
216. Let m = KFaLbTc [m] = 2 2 = [ML1T0]
LT
Substituting the dimensions of
[F] = [MLT2], [L] = [L] and [T] = [T] 222. 1 dyne 10 5 newton, 1 cm = 102 m
and comparing powers of M, L, T on both dyne 70105 N
70 = = 7 102 N/m
sides, we get m = [FL1T2] cm 102 m

217. E = KFaAbTc M
223. [X] = [F] [] = [MLT2] 3
= [M2L2T2]
[ML2T2] = [MLT2]a [LT2]b [T]c L

[ML2T2] = [MaLa+bT2a2b+c] 224. 1 nm = 109 m = 107 cm
a = 1, a + b = 2 225. 1 newton = 105 dyne
b=1
1 1
and 2a 2b + c = 2 226. Energy, E = mv2 = (mv)v
2 2
c=2
But mv = p; .{p = momentum}
E = KFAT2. x
v= .{where x = distance; T = time}
218. n1u1 = n2u2 T
n1 M1L13 = n2 M 2 L23 1 x
E= p
3
2 T
M1 L1 Now,
n2 = n1
M 2 L2 Area (A) has dimensions of (length)2
1g 1cm
3
x has dimension of A
= 0.625 1m 1 A
1kg E= p
3 6 2 T
= 0.625 10 10
= 625 kg/m3 [E] = [pA1/2T1]
1 1 1 s 1 A
219. Length Gxcyhz 227. E = mv2 = mv v = P = P
[L] = [M1L3T2]x [LT1]y [ML2T1]z
2 2 2 t 2 T
By comparing the powers of M, L and T on Dimensional formula of energy is [P1A1/2T1]
both sides, we get, x + z = 0, 3x + y + 2z = 1 229. [P] = [ML1 T2]
and 2x y z = 0 which on solving give From a t2, dimensions of a are [M0L0T2]
1 3 1 [T2 ]
x= ,y= ,z= [b] = = [M1 L0 T4]
2 2 2 [ML1T2L]

220. Time cxGyhz T = kcxGyhz a [T 2 ]

= = [M1L0 T2]
Substituting the dimensions in the above b [M 1L0T 4 ]
relation we get, 230. Given,
[M0L0T1] = [LT1]x [M1L3T2]y [ML2T1]z x2 b
P=
[M0L0T1] = [My+zLx+3y+2zTx2yz] at
Comparing the powers of M, L and T on both From principle of homogeneity, b will have
sides we get, the dimensions of x2
y + z = 0 .(i) [b] = [L2] .(i)
x + 3y + 2z = 0 .(ii) Also,
x 2y z = 1 .(iii) [P] = [M1L2T3]
On solving equations (i), (ii) and (iii), [t] = [T1]
5 1 [b] [L2 ]
x= ,y=z= [a] = =
2 2 [P][t] [M1L2T 3 ][T1 ]
Hence dimensions of time are [G1/2h1/2c5/2] [a] = [M1T2] .(ii)
38
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 Chapter01:PhysicalWorldandMeasurement
2
[b] [L2 ] L T
1 1 2
= = [M1L2T2] .(iii) 241. n2 = n1 1 1 = 10
metre s
[a] [M 1T 2 ]
L2 T2 km hr

Torsional constant K = m s
1 2

n2 = 10 3 = 129600
[K] = [] 10 m 3600s
[K] = [M1L2T2] .(iv)
243. 1 fermi = 1015 metre.
From (iii) and (iv) we have,
[b]
= [K] 244. tropical year is the unit of time.
[a]
250. Frank-Hertz Exp.- Discrete energy level.
V Photo-electric effect Particle nature of light
232. X = 0 L Davison-Germer exp.- Diffraction of electron
t
[ML2T 3A 1 ] beam.
= [M1 L3T4A2] [L]
[T] 251. Given equation is dimensionally correct
0 0 0 1 because both sides are dimensionless but
= [M L T A ]
numerically wrong because the correct
1
235. f = v2
2 LC equation is tan = .
rg
C
does not represent the dimensions of
L 252. By substituting the dimensions of mass [M],
frequency. length [L] and coefficient of rigidity [ML1 T2],
M
237. 6 105 = 60 106 = 60 microns we get T 2 as the right formula for time
L
238. [x] = [bt2] [b] = [x/t2] = km/s2 period of oscillations.
x y z
239. Let [G] c g p 253. [n] = Number of particles crossing a unit area
By substituting the following dimensions we get, in unit time = [L2 T1]
[G] = [M1L3T2], [c] = [LT1], [g] = [LT2] [n2] = [n1] = number of particles per unit
[p] = [ML1T2] volume = [L3]
and by comparing the powers of M, L, T on [x2] = [x1] = positions
both sides
[n] x 2 x1 L2 T 1 [L]
we get x = 0, y = 2, z = 1 D= = = [L2T1]
[G] c0g2p1 n 2 n1 3
[L ]

240. [G] = [M1 L3 T2] 254. 1 crane = 170.474 litre

[c] = [M0 L1 T1] 1 litre = 103 m3
[h] = [M1 L2 T1] 170.474 litre = 170.474 103m3
Now, let the relation between given quantities = 0.170474 m3
and length be,
L = Gx cy hz 256. Stefan's law is E = (T4)
[L1] = [M1 L3 T2]x [M0 L1 T1]y [M1 L2 T1]z =
E
We get, T4
x + z = 0 where, E =
Energy watt
= 2
i.e. z = x (i) Area Time m
3x + y + 2z = 1 ...(ii) watt m 2
2x y z = 0 ...(iii) = = watt m2K4
K4
y = 3x ...[from (i) and (iii)]
Substituting the value in eq. (ii) 258. Here distance of the star = 4.29 light years
3x 3x + 2z = 1 = 4.29 9.46 1015 = 4.058 1016 m
1 Since 1 parsec = 3.08 1016 m
i.e. z =
2 Therefore distance in parsec
Substituting this value we get, 4.0581016
= = 1.318 1.32 parsec
1 3 3.081016
x= and y =
2 2 In the orbit around the sun, the distance
Gh between the two locations of the earth six
L = 3/ 2
c months apart = 2 AU = 2 1.496 1011 m.
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PhysicsVolI(Med.andEngg.)
Therefore the star will show parallax 268. a = bc/d e
l 2 1.496 10 11
So maximum error in a is given by
= = = 7.37 106 radian = 1.52
s 4.058 1016 a b c
100 = . 100 + . 100
260. Fractional error in the three measurements are a max b c
0.1 0.01 0.001 d e
respectively, ; ; . + . 100 + . 100
0.4 0.40 0.400 d e
The last one has the least error, i.e., it is the = (b1 + c1 + d1 + e1)%
most accurate one.
269. We have;
263. Area, A = r2 = 3.142 (0.021)2 l
= 0.00138562 cm2 T = 2
g
There are only two significant figures in
0.021 cm. Hence the result must be rounded off l
Squaring T2 = 4 2
to two significant figures i.e., A = 0.0014 cm2. g
264. As per the question, the measured value is l
3.50 cm. Hence the least count must be g = 42 2
T
0.01 cm = 0.1 m Fractional error in g is
For vernier scale, where the 10 divisions in g l T
vernier scale matches with 9 division in main 2
g l T
scale and main scale has 10 divisions in 1 cm
1 MSD = 1 mm and 9 MSD = 10 VSD, g L T
271. = + 2
Least count = 1 MSD 1 VSD = 0.1 mm g L T
Hence, correct option is (B).
L T
1 g = g 2
265. Pitch of screw gauge = mm = 0.5 mm L T
2
Time for 20 oscillations = 40 s
Least count of screw gauge
40
0.5 Time for 1 oscillation =
= mm = 0.01 mm 20
50
T=2s
Zero error = 0.03 mm
0.1 0.1
Zero correction = + 0.03 mm g = 9.68 2
Observed diameter of wire 98 2
= 3 mm + 35 (0.01) mm = 3.35 mm 0.1
g = 9.68 0.1
Corrected diameter of wire 98
= (3.35 + 0.03) mm = 3.38 mm
273. According to the problem, muscle speed
266. Main Scale Reading (MSR) = 0.5 mm = power
Circular Scale Division (CSD) = 25th
power [ML2T 3 ]
Number of divisions on circular scale = 50 muscle = = = [MLT2]
Pitch of screw = 0.5 mm speed [LT 1 ]
0.5 di
LC of screw gauge = = 0.01 mm 274. e = L
50 dt
zero error = 5 LC = 0.05 mm A
zero correction = +0.05 mm [e] = [ML2T2A2]
T
Observed reading = 0.5 mm + (25 0.01) mm
= 0.75 mm ML2T 2 2 2 1
[e] = = [ML T Q ]
Corrected reading = 0.75 mm + 0.05 mm AT
= 0.80 mm
275. Surface tension (T) is given as,
M M
267. Density, = = 2 F
V r L [T] =
L
M r L
= +2 + where, {F force, L length}
M r L
But energy [E] = [F][L]
0.003 0.005 0.06
= +2 + E
0.3 0.5 6 [F] =
L
= 0.01 + 0.02 + 0.01 = 0.04
E
Percentage error = 100 = 0.04 100 = 4% [T] = 2
L

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 Chapter01:PhysicalWorldandMeasurement

L 283. [T] = [M1T2]

But velocity [V] =
T [] = [M1L1T1]
[L] = [VT] [] = [M1L3]
From the options given, we have,
E
[T] = 2 2 T M1T 2 = [L1T1] = [v]
V T
[T] = [EV2T2]
M1L1T 1
T
M 1L2T 4 A 2 v
X
276. Y = 2 = = [M3L2T8A4]
3Z [MT 2 A 1 ]2
nh mvr
284. = qB
277.
2 2
[ML T ][ML T ] 2 1 2
2qB
[M5 ][M 1L3T 2 ]2
0 0 0 =
mvr [v] = mv2r
= [r2] = [L2]
= [M L T ] i.e. a dimensionless quantity [F] mv2
r
278. By principle of dimensional homogeneity,
a = dimensions of area.
V 2 = [P]

b
[a] = [P] [V2] = [ML1T2] [L6] = [ML5T2] 285. v = at +
tc
As c is added to time t, therefore, c must have
velocity LT
1

279. Hubbles constant, H = = the dimensions of time [T].

distance [L]
v
= [T1] From v = at, a =
t
280. From the dimensional homogeneity LT 1
[a] = = [LT2]
x B T
[x] = [Ay] = [B] = [y] =
A A From [t + c] = [T] = [c],
[Cz] = [M0L0T0] = Dimensionless [T] = [c]
B b
x and B; C and z1; y and have the same From [v] = ,
A t c
dimensions but x and A have different [b] = [v][t]
dimensions. = [LT1] [T]
[b] = [L]
F [MLT2 ]
281. spring constant = = = [M1L0T2] Dimensions of a, b, c are [LT2], [L] and [T]
x [L]
respectively.
pascal = unit of pressure
F [MLT2 ] 286. a x = [F]

= =
A [L2 ]
1 1 2 [a] =
F = L1M1T 2
= [M1L1/2T2]
= [M L T ] x L1/ 2

hertz = unit of frequency = [M0L0T1] 2
[bt ] = [F]
joule = unit of work = [M1L2T2].
[b] =
F = L1M1T 2
= [M1L1T4]
Z t
2
T 2
282. In the given equation, should be
k
dimensionless L1/ 2 M1T 2
[a/b] = 1 1 4 = [L1/2T2].
k L M T
=
Z Dimensions of physical quantity are
[ML2T2K 1 K] independent of the constant multiple of a unit.
[] = = [MLT2]
[L]
kg m 2
287. 20 J = 20
and P = s2
1kg (100cm)2 1 (100/ 20)2
= 20 = 20
[MLT2 ] (1s)2 (1/ 30)2
[] = = 1 2
= [M0L2T0].
p [ML T ] = 4.5 105 units.
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PhysicsVolI(Med.andEngg.)

Topic Test

1. Who gave the quantum model of an atom? 10. The number of significant figures in 0.0009 is
(A) Neil Bohr (A) 4 (B) 3
(B) E. Rutherford (C) 2 (D) 1
(C) Paul Dirac
(D) C. Anderson 11. Latent heat has the same dimensions as that of
(A) Velocity gradient
2. Out of the following, which is NOT (B) Potential gradient
microscopic domain? (C) Energy gradient
(A) optics (B) atoms (D) Gravitational potential
(C) molecules (D) nuclei
12. Dimensions of ohm are same as that of
3. Computers are based on h h2
(A) wave nature of electron (A) (B)
e e
(B) optical phenomenon
(C) digital logic h h2
(C) (D)
(D) electricity e2 e2

4. Which among the following is the unit for 13. Taking frequency f, velocity v and density to
mass in metric or M.K.S system? be the fundamental quantities, the dimensional
(A) gram (B) kilogram formula for momentum will be
(C) pound (D) milligram (A) v4f3 (B) v3f1
2
5. Which of the following is NOT a fundamental (C) vf (D) 2v2f2
quantity? 14. One pico Farad is equal to
(A) temperature (A) 1024 F (B) 1018 F
(B) electric charge (C) 1012 F (D) 106 F
(C) mass
(D) electric current 15. If total external torque acting on system is
zero, then_______ is conserved.
6. A spherometer has 100 equal divisions marked (A) Energy
along the periphery of its disc and one full
(B) Linear momentum
rotation of the disc advances on the main scale
(C) Angular momentum
by 0.01 cm. The least count of the system is
(D) Charge
(A) 104 cm (B) 102 cm
3
(C) 10 cm (D) 102 cm 16. The macroscopic forces like `tension',
7. If the pointer of the voltmeter is not exactly at `friction', `spring force' arises from
the zero of the scale, the error is called (A) Strong Nuclear force
(A) instrumental error (B) Electromagnetic force
(B) systematic error (C) Weak Nuclear force
(C) personal error (D) Gravitational force
(D) random error 17. It takes 8.6 years for light to reach Earth from
8. The length, breadth and height of a rectangular the brightest star in night sky (called Sirius).
block of wood were measured to be The distance between Earth and Sirius in AU
l = 13.12 0.02 cm, b = 7.18 0.01 cm, is [1 AU = 1.5 1011m]
h = 4.16 0.02 cm respectively (A) 0.54 104 (B) 1.2 104
The percentage error in the volume of the (C) 1.2 1028 (D) 5.4 105
block will be
(A) 7 % (B) 0.77 % 18. What are the units of magnetic permeability?
(C) 0.72 % (D) 0.27 % (A) Wb A1 m1 (B) Wb1 Am
1
(C) Wb A m (D) Wb A1 m
9. If the digit to be dropped is 5 or 5 followed by
zeroes, then the preceding digit is 19. 0 and 0 denote the permeability and
(A) raised by one if it is odd. permittivity of free space, the dimensions of
(B) raised by one if it is even. 00 are
(C) lowered by one if it is even. (A) [LT1] (B) [L2T2]
1 3 2 2
(D) unchanged if it is odd. (C) [M L Q T ] (D) [M1L3I2T2]

42
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 Chapter01:PhysicalWorldandMeasurement
20. If velocity v, acceleration a and force F are
chosen as fundamental quantities, then the
dimensional formula of angular momentum in
terms of v, a and F would be
(A) [Fa1v] (B) [Fv3a2]
2 1
(C) [Fv a ] (D) [F2v2a1]

Answer to Topic Test

1. (A) 2. (A) 3. (C) 4. (B)
5. (B) 6. (A) 7. (B) 8. (B)
9. (A) 10. (D) 11. (D) 12. (C)
13. (A) 14. (C) 15. (C) 16. (B)
17. (D) 18. (A) 19. (B) 20. (B)

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