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  • Plasticidad Fenotipica: Phenotypic Plasticity

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    Phenotypic plasticity refers to the environmentally sensitive production of alternative phenotypes by a given genotype. It allows organisms to express different phenotypes in response to different environmental conditions. There are costs associated with maintaining phenotypic plasticity, such as costs of plastic responses, costs of the sensory and regulatory systems underlying plasticity, and costs of maintaining genetic variation. Adaptive phenotypic plasticity evolves when environments are heterogeneous, reliable environmental cues are present, no single phenotype dominates across all environments, and the costs of plasticity are low.

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    Phenotypic plasticity refers to the environmentally sensitive production of alternative phenotypes by a given genotype. It allows organisms to express different phenotypes in response to different environmental conditions. There are costs associated with maintaining phenotypic plasticity, such as costs of plastic responses, costs of the sensory and regulatory systems underlying plasticity, and costs of maintaining genetic variation. Adaptive phenotypic plasticity evolves when environments are heterogeneous, reliable environmental cues are present, no single phenotype dominates across all environments, and the costs of plasticity are low.

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    10 views18 pages

    Plasticidad Fenotipica: Phenotypic Plasticity

    Uploaded by

    EL Cernicalo Enmascarado
    Phenotypic plasticity refers to the environmentally sensitive production of alternative phenotypes by a given genotype. It allows organisms to express different phenotypes in response to different environmental conditions. There are costs associated with maintaining phenotypic plasticity, such as costs of plastic responses, costs of the sensory and regulatory systems underlying plasticity, and costs of maintaining genetic variation. Adaptive phenotypic plasticity evolves when environments are heterogeneous, reliable environmental cues are present, no single phenotype dominates across all environments, and the costs of plasticity are low.

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    Phenotypic plasticity

    PLASTICIDAD FENOTIPICA
    Phenotypic plasticity

    Phenotypic plasticity

    The environmentally sensisity production of alternative phenotypes by given genotypes.

    Environment-dependent phenotype expression

    Schilling y Pigliucci 2004. Phenotypic evolution: a reaction norm perspective


    Phenotypic plasticity

    Phenotypic plasticity vs. Developmental noise

    Developmental noise are random fluctuations arising during development and that alter the phenotypic product of
    development.

    Fluctuatingasymmetry: Deviation from perfect bilateral symmetry caused by environmental stresses, developmental instability and
    genetic problems during development

    Moller & Swaddle 1998. Asymmetry, Developmental Stability, and Evolution.OUP


    Phenotypic plasticity

    Plasticidad fenotpica

    DeWitt y Scheiner 2004. Phenotypic plasticity: functional and conceptual approaches. OUP
    Phenotypic plasticity

    Developmental plasticity: Gasterosteus aculeatus

    Polyphenism: Pontia spp.

    Summer

    Spring
    Phenotypic plasticity
    Phenotypic plasticity

    Phenotypic plasticity & Quantitative Genetics


    Phenotypic plasticity

    Norm of reaction

    es una funcin especfica del genotipo que relaciona a cada fenotipo con el ambiente en el que ha sido producido
    Phenotypic plasticity

    Norm of reaction
    Phenotypic plasticity

    Norm of reaction
    Phenotypic plasticity

    Relacin heredabilidad-plasticidad

    A B

    h2B>>h2A
    Phenotypic plasticity

    Genetic assimilation via phenotypic plasticity

    Phenotypic plasticity, provides the intermediate step for the process of genetic assimilation, as illustrated in
    this sequence of diagrams. The initial reaction norm (top left) is such that when the organism is exposed to a
    new environment (top right) it produces a different/novel phenotype without any genetic change. Eventually,
    natural selection will stabilize the new phenotype, if adaptive under the new conditions (the phenotype
    becomes assimilated), and the organism might even loose its plasticity (bottom) due to genetic drift, or
    even because of selection, if there is a cost to maintain a plastic reaction norm when the old environment is
    no longer ecologically relevant.
    Phenotypic plasticity

    Adaptive phenotypic plasticity

    Aquella Plasticidad fenotpica mantenida por seleccin natural

    Requisitos para que ocurra PF adaptativa:

    1) Interaccin genotipo-ambiente

    2) Un genotipo plstico funciona mejor que uno no plstico en todas las condiciones

    3) El fitness promedio de un fenotipo plstico es mayor que el de un fenotipo no plstico


    Phenotypic plasticity

    Adaptive phenotypic plasticity


    Phenotypic plasticity

    Adaptive phenotypic plasticity


    Phenotypic plasticity

    Adaptive phenotypic plasticity

    PF adaptativa evoluciona cuando:

    1) Ambiente heterogneos

    2) Seales ambientales fcilmente interpretables

    3) Ausencia de super-fenotipos que ganan en todos los ambientes

    4) Bajo costo de la plasticidad


    Phenotypic plasticity
    Costs of phenotypic plasticity

    De Witt et al. 1998: TREE 13: 77-79


    Phenotypic plasticity

    Ecological costs. External ecological factors constraining phenotypic plasticity.

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