The hydrogen bonds in cellulose mainly distribute in crystal domains and amorphous

domains. It is possible to establish relation between the OH-bands and the cellulose
structure. In 1913, Nishikawa and Ono [40] firstly revealed the crystalline nature of cellulose
with X-ray diffraction. Cellulose has four polymorphic crystalline structures from cellulose I
to cellulose IV. However, cellulose I and cellulose II have been most extensively studied.
The other crystalline structures are still in question and yet to be studied further. According
to Gardner-Blackwell model [41], hydrogen bonds for cellulose I include two intramolecular
bonding, namely, O(2)H---O(6) bonding and O(3)H---O(5) bonding and one intermolecular
bonding, O(6)H---O(3) (Figure 9a). Based on the Kolpak-Blackwell model [42], hydrogen bonds in cellulose
II contains three intramolecular bonds: O(2)H---O(6) bonding, O(3)H---
O(5) bonding and O(2)H---O(2) bonding, and two intermolecular bonding: O(6)H---O(2) and
O(6)H---O(3) (Figure 9b). The IR assignments for OH regions in cellulose I and II are
summarized in Table 2.