2

(Computer System)

-:
3 :
1. (Hardware)
2. (Software)
3. -- (people ware)

---------:
--------------
5 :
1. ---- (Micro processor)
2. -- (Memory Unit)
3. -- (Storage)
4. -/----(Input/Output
Devices)
5. - (Software)

/--

2.1. (Hardware)
-
,

:
1. (Input Unit)
2. (Central Processing Unit)
3. (Memory Unit)
4. (Output Unit)
:

1
 :
2.1.1. (Input Unit)


. -
:
1. (Keyboard)
2. (Mouse)
3. (Scanner)
4. (Card Reader)
5. (Touch Screen)
6. (Disk Drive)

- (Keyboard)
.
3 :
1. (Type Write Keyboard)
2. (Numeric Keypad)
3. (Function key)
(Mouse)

,

.
:





2.1.2. (Central Processing Unit) CPU
(CPU) (Micro processor)

2 :
1. (Control Unit)
2. (Arithmetic and Logical Unit)
2.1.2.1. (Control Unit) CU
--------------
--------------
-------------
----- ----.

2
2.1.2.2. (Arithmetic and Logical Unit) ALU
---------------
--- - -- ---------
- -: ,,, -----. -
--------------
-----,-,--,--.
-----------------
-------------.
2.1.3. (Memory Unit)
---------------
----------- ---
------------.
-------:
Bit - (
)
Byte : ( 1 )
KB(kilobyte)
MB(Megabyte)
GB(Gigabyte)
TB(Terabyte)
1 byte = 8 bits
1 KB = 210 =1024 B
1 MB = 210 =1024 KB
1 GB = 210 =1024 MB
1 TB = 210 =1024 GB

----- 2 - :
(Main Memory)
(Second Memory)
2.1.3.1 (Main Memory)
------------- --
----- - - -- 2 :
(Read Only Memory)ROM
------ ------
-------------
---- ------
--- ---------
------.
(Random Access Memory) RAM
-------------
------------------
----- ------
--------------
--.
2.1.3.2 (Second Memory)

3
 -------------
---- ------
---------
-----------: -
- (Hard disk),---- (Diskette),USB (Universe Serial Bus).. ... .. ..
2.1.4 --- (Out put Unit)
----------- ---
- ----- -:
-- - (Monitor)
- (Printer)
- (Speaker)
--- (Diskette)
- CD Rom
Projector
Plotter
-.. .. ..
2.1.4.1 - (Monitor)
---------- ------
------------.
----- 2 -- :
- - CRT (Cathode - Ray Tube)
- LCD (Liquid Cristal Display)
--- CRT -- (Vacuum Tube) --
--.
-- LCD ---- -- -
----- - - CRT.
------:
VGA (Video Graphics Array)
-------- 640 x 480
(pixel) --- 14 (---
------)
SVGA (Pronounced Super VGA)
-------- 800 x 600
(pixel) ---14 15
---- 1024 x 786 (pixel)
---17, 19, 21 .
----------
-(Monitor Card)-.
2.1.4.2 (Printer)
---------------
--------- ----
---. ------- -
4 --:
--- (Dot Matrix Printer)
- -- (Ink Jet Printer)
---- (Laser Printer)

4
 ---- (Plotter)
----------
--- : ------
(PPM: Page Per Minute)
------- (CPS:Character Per
Second)
-------- (DPI: Dots Per
Inch)
-: ---- ----
--- 300dpi, 600 dpi, 1200 dpi
... .. ..
2.1.5 ------.
2.1.5.1 - (Sound Card)
----------
-- PC : -----, -
-, ---------
-------- -.
----:
-------- 2 -:
----- (Sound on Board)
--- (Sound Card)
2.1.5.2 - (Modem)
Modem -- (Modulation/Demodulation)
----------------
----(-)----
------.------
--------------
------.
------ 2 -:
-- (Internal)
--- (External)
---- --: 56 Kbps
-------: 33.6 Kbps
ADSL Modem (Asynchronous Digital Subscriber Loop)
-------(download) -: 8 Mbps
-------(Upload)-: 1 Mbps
2.1.5.3 --- (UPS=Uninterruptible Power Supply)
----------------
---
----- - 5-- 20- -
--- --
2.2. - (Software)
---------------
-------- :-- .
, -
.

5
 2 :
(System Software)
--- (Application Software)
2.2.1 ---- (System Software)
---------------
-- - -----------
. : OS (Operating System) --------
-----------
OS ----PC Windows ----
-- DOS (Disk Operating System) --- window95
Window2000, window XP 2002, window Vista
--- OS ----- (--)
: UNIX, Linux (- freeware)
2.2.2 --- (Application Software)
---------------
----------------
:Microsoft Office, AUTOCAD, Photoshop...
2.3. -- (People ware)
-------------
----------- -
--- , -- - --.
----------:
-(Manager)
----(System Analyst)
---(Programmer)
---(Computer Engineer)
---(Computer Operator)
-----(Operation Supervisor)
---(Data Entry Operator)

--02
1. -------- ?
2. -----?-----?
3. ------Peopleware ---3-
?
4. -------------?
5. ------------?
6. --------?-------
-----?
7. ------:
RAM,ROM,OS,DOS,PC,VGA,CPU,ADSL,PPM,DPI,MODEM,UPS,CRT,LCD
8. RAM ROM ---?