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Chem Periodic Properties
Chem Periodic Properties
), MEDICAL
+ BOARD, NDA, X & IX
Chapter 3
Classification of Elements and
Periodicity in Properties
S
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Solutions
SECTION - A
A
1. In Lothar Meyers curve, the element on the peak of curve will be
ON A
(1) F (2) Na (3) Mg (4) Ne
C
Sol. Answer (2)
M
Due to large atomic volume.
2. According to Mendeleevs periodic law, physical and chemical properties are function of
.
(1) Atomic number (2) Atomic weight (3) Atomic volume (4) Number of neutrons
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H-2.1
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(1) 4s (2) 4p (3) 4d (4) 4f
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Sol. Answer (1)
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s orbital have more screening power.
LI
Sol. Answer (1)
Fr which is also liquid at room temperature.
A
9. The element which belongs with chalcogen family is
ON A
(1) N (2) P (3) S (4) Cl
C
Sol. Answer (3)
M
16th group is chalcogen.
RA
WT
13. The first ionisation potentials of Na, Mg, Al and Si are in the order
(1) Na < Mg > Al < Si (2) Na < Mg < Al > Si
(3) Na > Mg > Al > Si (4) Na > Mg > Al < Si
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Mg has stable configuration, hence its ionization energy will be higher than Al.
Na < Mg > Al < Si
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14. Which of the following has maximum number of unpaired electrons?
(1) Mg2+ (2) Ti3+ (3) V3+ (4) Fe2+
Sol. Answer (4)
LI
Fe2+ has four unpaired electrons.
A
15. Which of the following elements do not belong to the family indicated?
(1) Cu Coinage metal (2) Ba Alkaline earth metal
ON A
(3) Zn Alkaline earth metal (4) Xe Noble gas
C
M
Sol. Answer (3)
Zn is not an alkaline earth metal, IIA group elements are called alkaline earth metals.
16. If the atomic number of an element is 33, it will be placed in the periodic table in the
.
(1) 1st group (2) 3rd group (3) 15th group (4) 17th group
Sol. Answer (3)
NE K
33 = 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p3 = 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p3
RA
WT
17. Which among the following elements has the highest value for third ionisation energy?
(1) Mg (2) Al (3) Na (4) Ar
Sol. Answer (1)
Since, Mg belongs to IIA group hence, after removal of 2e, atom will become stable, and hence, removal of
3rd electron will require high energy.
19. The diagonal similarities are due to similar polarising powers for the elements
The polarising power is directly proportional to
ionic charge
Polarising power
S
(ionic radius) 2
HI S S
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20. The ionisation potential of isotopes of an element will be
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(1) Same
(2) Different
(3) Dependent on atomic masses
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(4) Dependent on the number of neutrons present in the nucleus
A
Sol. Answer (2)
21. Which of the following gradation in the properties is false, as we move from left to right in the periodic table?
ON A
(1) Metallic to non-metallic character
C
(2) Oxidising to reducing properties
M
(3) Metallic solids through network solids to molecular solids
(4) Base forming to acid forming character
Sol. Answer (2)
.
Factual
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22. The first electron affinity values of O, S & Se are given correctly as
RA
WT
(1) O > S > Se (2) S > Se > O (3) Se > O > S (4) Se > S > O
Sol. Answer (2)
Element Electron gain enthalpy Electron affinity
R.
O 144 144
S 200 200
Se 195 195
S > Se > O
S
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26. Which of the following element has highest shielding constant?
SE
(1) Mg (2) Al (3) K (4) Ga
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Sol. Answer (4)
Mg 12e
Al 13e
K
LI 19e
A
Ga 31e
Ga has highest atomic number (i.e. number of electrons), hence, it will have highest shielding constant.
ON A
27. Which one of the following order is correct?
C
(1) I > I+ > I (radii)
M
(2) I > I > I+ (radii)
(3) I > I > I+ (Ionisation energy)
(4) I+5 < I+ < I+7 (Ionisation energy)
.
Anions are larger than the neutral atom, while cations are smaller than the neutral atom.
RA
WT
28. Which one of the following oxides has highest acidic character?
(1) CO2 (2) Cl2O7 (3) SiO2 (4) SO2
R.
O e O 2
When e will approach O, O will repel the approaching electron, hence, we have to give some energy
therefore, electron gain enthalpy will be +ve (endothermic).
A + e A H = X kJ/mole
(3) A A + e A+ + e A
S
(4)
HI S S
Sol. Answer (3)
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A + e A ; H = x
A A + e ; H = +x
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31. According to Mulliken method, electronegativity is a function of
A
(1) Ionization energy and Electron affinity (2) Ionization energy and size
(3) Effective nuclear charge and size (4) Effective nuclear charge and Electron affinity
ON A
Sol. Answer (1)
C
M
Fact
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(3) In silver atom, 23 electrons have a spin of one type and 24 of the opposite type
WT
Cr (24) = 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s1 3d5 (Half filled-full filled rule)
Magnetic quantum number varies from +l to l through zero for a given value of l.
Ag(47) = 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s1 4d10 (Half filled-full filled rule)
In Ag except 5s1, all subshells are full filled which contains total 46e out of which 23e have anticlockwise
= 23 + 1(5s1)
= 24
N N N H
S
b = bium = 2
HI S S
Hence element has atomic number 112.
SE
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34. Zr and Hf have nearly same size because
(1) They belong to same group (2) They belong to same period
(3) Of lanthanoid contraction (4) Of poor screening of d orbitals
LI
Sol. Answer (3)
A
Zr and Hf have nearly same size due to lanthanide contraction
35. An element has electronic configuration [Xe] 4f7, 5d1, 6s2. It belongs to ..... block of the periodic table.
ON A
(1) s (2) p (3) d (4) f
C
Sol. Answer (4)
M
[Xe] 4f7 5d1 6s2
1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 5d1 4f7
Last electron enters the f sub shell, hence, it belongs to f block.
.
36. A sudden large jump between the values of second and third ionisation energies of an element would be
associated with the electronic configuration
NE K
RA
(1) 1s2, 2s2p6, 3s1 (2) 1s2, 2s2p6, 3s2p1 (3) 1s2, 2s2p6, 3s2p2 (4) 1s2, 2s2p6, 3s2
WT
of 2nd and 3rd ionization energy (because in 3rd ionization we have to remove electron from a stable
configuration)
F Cl I Br
I II III IV
(1) III < IV < II < I (2) I < II < IV < III (3) I < III < IV < II (4) III < I < IV < II
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39. Which of the following processes will release energy equal to ionization energy?
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e e e
M(( g)) M(g) M(( g))
e ()
(1) M( g) M(s) M(s) M( g) M( g)
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(2) (3) (4)
LI
A
40. The statement that is not correct for the periodic classification of element is
(1) The properties of elements are the periodic function of their atomic numbers
ON A
(2) Non-metallic elements are lesser in number than metallic elements
C
(3) The first ionisation energy of elements along a period do not vary in a regular manner with increase in
M
atomic number
(4) For transition elements the d-subshells are filled with electrons with increase in atomic numbers
RA
Be and Al show diagonal relationship hence we can say that, for these two elements charge to size ratio is
nearly same.
42. Hypothetically if one orbital bear three electrons then how many groups are present in 2nd period?
43. The ionization potential of lithium is 520 kJ/mole. The energy required to convert 70 mg of lithium atoms in
gaseous state into Li+ ions is
70 10 3
Number of moles of Li = 10 10 3
7
= 102 mole
1 mole Li requires 520 kJ energy
102 mole Li will require = 102 520 kJ
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= 5.2 kJ energy
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44. Which of the following configuration is associated with the biggest jump between first and second ionization
energy?
(1) 1s22s22p5 (2) 1s22s22p63s1 (3) 1s22s22p4 (4) 1s22s1
Sol. Answer (4)
LI
IA group element (ns1) have biggest jump between Ist and IInd ionization energy.
A
45. If an element A shows two oxidation states +2 and +3 and form oxides in such a way that ratio of the element
showing +2 and +3 state is 1 : 3 in a compound. Formula of the compound will be
ON A
(1) A8O11 (2) A4O11 (3) A9O11 (4) A5O11
C
Sol. Answer (1)
M
Total +ve charge (A1A3)
= 1 (+2) + 3 (+3)
= 2 + 9 = 11
.
RA
WT
11 1 11
11 unit charge possessed by = = oxygen atom
2 2
R.
SECTION - B
Objective Type Questions (More than one options are correct)
1. Choose the correct pair regarding ionisation energy (IE1)
(1) B > Be (2) Tl > Ga (3) N>O (4) Li > Na
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(1) Actinoids are placed in main body of periodic table
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(2) Chemical properties are periodic function of atomic number
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(3) In periodic table, 18 groups are present
(4) 7th period is incomplete
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Actinoids are placed separately.
A
5. Which of the following is/are correct pair regarding size?
(1) Zn > Cu (2) N>O (3) Al > Ca (4) B>C
ON A
Sol. Answer (1, 4)
C
M
Zn has larger size than Cu.
RA
O 144
S 200
Se 195
T 190
Po 174
IA IIA
Li Be
Na
K
As we move from left to right across a period, size decreases.
As we move from top to bottom in a group, size increases.
Be+2 < Li+ < Na+ < K+
F is most electronegative element known.
Cl has highest negative electron gain enthalpy.
(3) Ar + e Ar (4) H + e H
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O will repel electron, hence, addition of electron in O is endothermic
HI S S
Ar Ar e , process is ionization, hence, endothermic
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Ar e
Ar , Ar has noble gas configuration, hence, addition of e is not favored hence we have to give
A
1s1 1s
B+3 = 0.02
Be+2 = 0.31
NE K
RA
Li+ = 0.76
WT
F, O2, N3 are isoelectroelectronic, hence higher the charge on nucleus lesser will be radius
R.
F < O2 < N3
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Si+ P+ S+ Cl+
SE
S+ has stable configuration so second ionization energy of S will be more than Cl+
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Si < P < Cl < S
Size Li+ < Na+ < K+
Size of Be+2 < Li+ < Na+ < K+
LI
Lesser cation is more hydrated, hence has lower ionic mobility
A
So ionic mobility size
So correct order of ionic mobility is Be+2 < Li+ < Na+ < K+
ON A
Na and Mg are electropositive elements.
C
M
10. Which of the following pairs contain metalloids?
(1) Si, Ge (2) As, Te (3) I, Sb (4) In, Tl
Sol. Answer (1, 2)
.
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15. Which of the following is/are correct order in accordance of electropositive nature of metal?
SE
(1) Fe < Mg < Cu (2) Na > Mg > Al (3) Mg < Ca < Sr (4) Fe > Cu > Zn
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Sol. Answer (2, 3, 4)
IA IIA IIIA
Na Mg Al
LI
In a period electropositive (metallic) character decreases.
A
IIA
Mg
ON A
Ca
Sr
C
M
Going top to bottom in a group, size increases, hence electropositive (metallic) character also increases.
Fe forms more +ve ions like Fe+2 and Fe+3 while Cu can form only Cu+ and Cu+2 and Zn can form only Zn+2
16. Choose the pair in which IE1 of first element is greater than IE1 of second element but in case of IE2 order
.
is/are reversed
(1) N, O (2) P, S (3) Be, B (4) F, O
NE K
RA
In I, II and III stable electronic configuration of the first element is the reason while for the 4th choice. IE of
1st member is greater due to Zeff.
R.
19. Which of the following sequence contains atomic number of only representative elements?
(1) 55, 12, 48, 53 (2) 13, 33, 54, 83 (3) 3, 33, 53, 87 (4) 22, 33, 55, 66
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Sol. Answer (2, 3)
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The p block elements comprise those belonging to group 13 to 18 and these together with s block elements
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are called the representative or main group elements
55 Cs s block
12 Mg s block
Set 1 48 Cd d block
LI
53 I p block
A
13 Al p block
33 As p block
ON A
Set 2 54 Xe noble gas p block
C
83 Bi p block
M
3 B p block
33 As p block
Set 3 53 I p block
.
87 Fr s block
NE K
RA
22 Ti d block
WT
33 As p block
Set 4 55 Cs s block
66 Dy f block
R.
All elements of Set 2, 3 only belongs to either s or p block, hence these sets belong to representative
elements.
20. Choose the correct order
(1) Mo(II) > Mo(III) > Mo(IV)
(Electronegativity order)
(2) Fe(I) < Fe(II) < Fe(III)
(Electronegativity order)
(3) Fe(III) < Fe(II) < Fe(I)
(Ionic radius)
(4) Mo (IV) > Mo (III) > Mo(II)
(Electronegativity order)
Sol. Answer (2, 3, 4)
SECTION - C
Linked Comprehension Type Questions
Comprehension I
Ionisation energy is the amount of energy required to remove the outermost e from a gaseous atom. Its unit is
kJ/mole or kcal/mole.
Successive ionisation energy It is the amount of energy required to remove electron successively from a gaseous
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ion. These are termed as IE2, IE3, IE4 etc. The difference in the values of IE1, IE2 and IE3 helps to determine
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electronic configuration of the element.
SE
Element IE1 IE2 IE3 EA
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A 150 350 1920 50
B 52 729 1181 60
C 418 1091 1652 349
D
LI 550 1025
All data is reported in Kcal/mol
1500 495
A
1. Which element forms stable unipositive ion?
ON A
(1) A (2) B (3) C (4) D
C
Sol. Answer (2)
M
It is an alkali metal because it shows greatest jump between 1st and 2nd IE.
Comprehension II
Mulliken defined the electronegativity of an atom as the arithmetic mean of its ionisation energy and electron affinity.
1
A
(I.P. E.A.)
2
One more relationship given by him, if the values are given in eV is
IE EA
EN
S
2
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Hence EN depends on both ionization energy as well as electron affinity
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2. When there is formation of A B bond then condition will be
LI
A
(IP ) A (EA )B (IP ) A (EA )B (IP) A (EA )B (IP) A (EA ) A
(3) (4)
2 .8 2 .8 5 .6 5 .6
ON A
Sol. Answer (1)
C
A B
+
A x B
M
which implies that (EN)A > (EN)B
RA
(1) Thermochemical data (2) I.E. data (3) E.A. data (4) Both (2) & (3)
WT
SECTION - D
Assertion-Reason Type Questions
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4. STATEMENT-1 : Actinoides belongs to f block.
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and
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STATEMENT-2 : Lanthanoid belongs to 3rd group.
Sol. Answer (2)
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A
STATEMENT-2 : Due to small size, more electron-electron repulsions are observed in F.
Sol. Answer (1)
ON A
It is due to very high shielding effect in F.
C
M
6. STATEMENT-1 : Long form of periodic table exactly explain the position of hydrogen.
and
STATEMENT-2 : Hydrogen is most abundent element of the universe.
.
RA
WT
S
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Sol. Answer (1)
Na+ = 11 1 = 10
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Mg+2 = 12 2 = 10
Al+3 = 13 3 = 10
Na+, Mg+2, Al+3 all have 10e, hence, isoelectronic
LI
11. STATEMENT-1 : First Ionisation energy of beryllium is more than that of boron.
A
and
STATEMENT-2 : In boron, 2p orbital is fully filled, whereas, in beryllium, it is not fully filled.
ON A
Sol. Answer (3)
C
Be has stable outermost electronic configuration, hence has high ionisation energy
M
Be(4) = 1s2 2s2
B(5) = 1s2 2s2 2p1
In boron 2p orbital is not full-filled
.
In Be 2p orbital is empty
NE K
and
13. STATEMENT-1 : Ionization energy of s-electrons are more than the p-electrons for the same shell.
and
STATEMENT-2 : s-electrons are closer to the nucleus than p-electrons, hence, more tightly attached.
Sol. Answer (1)
s electrons are closer to nucleus than p electrons, hence ionisation energy of s electrons is higher than p
electrons
S
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B 0.80
SE
Si 1.17
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Li and Mg do not have same atomic size
15. STATEMENT-1 : He and Be both have the same outer electronic configuration like ns2 type.
and
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STATEMENT-2 : Both are chemically inert.
A
Sol. Answer (3)
He 1s2
ON A
Be 1s2 2s2
C
M
He and Be both have similar electronic configuration like ns2
Be forms compounds, hence it is not inert.
SECTION - E
.
Column I Column II
(Element) (Electronegativity on Pauling scale)
R.
S
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(D) Zn+2 (s) 1.33
SE
Sol. Answer A(s), B(r), C(q), D(p)
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Zn++ < Cu+ < Ca+ < K+
K+ 1.33
Cu+ 0.96
Ca+
LI 0.99
A
Zn+2 0.74
ON A
3. Match the following
C Column I Column II
M
(A) Zirconium (Atomic no. 40) (p) Group no. 15; Period no. 4
(B) Thalium (Atomic no. 81) (q) Group no. 4; Period no. 5
(C) Arsenic (Atomic no. 33) (r) Group no. 14; Period no. 5
.
(D) Tin (Atomic no. 50) (s) Group no. 13; Period no. 6
NE K
SECTION - F
Integer Answer Type Questions
In H only one electron is present so, no other electron which can screen it.
3. Which group will show lowest second ionization energy? (Non radioactive element)
S
Fact
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4. The element which has highest electron affinity will belong with group number x. Then x 10 will be.
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Sol. Answer (7)
17 10 = 7
5.
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To which group Ce belongs?
A
Sol. Answer (3)
SECTION - G
.
2. STATEMENT-1 : In Mendeleevs periodic table arrangement of elements depend on their atomic weight.
SECTION - H
Aakash Challengers Questions
S
Li+ due to high hydration energy.
HI S S
SE
2. Which of the following has the largest ionisation energy?
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(1) Zn (2) Sc (3) Cd (4) Hg
Hg ; 1007 kJ/mole
3.
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s-orbital is more penetrating because
A
(1) Probability of finding electron is maximum on the surface of nucleus
Fact
.
Sol. Answer(4)
(1) MnO (2) MnO2 (3) Mn2O3 (4) Equal in all of these
MnO2
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(1) Isotopes have nearly same chemical properties
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(2) Isoelectronic species may be neutral
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(3) Na and K have nearly same Zeffective
Fact
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A
9. Maximum number of electrons in nth shell is
(1) B > Al > Ga > In (2) B > Al = Ga = In (3) B > In > Ga = Al (4) B > In > Ga > Al
B = 2.0
RA
WT
Al = 1.5
Ga = 1.6
R.
In = 1.7
Tl = 1.8
11. Covalent radius of an element having 82 electrons in extranuclear part and 82 protons in the nucleus is
146 . Calculate the electronegativity on Allred Rochow scale of that element.
0.359 Z eff
EN 0.744
r2
r = radius in
82 = 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p6 4d10 4f14 5s2 5p6 5d10 6s2 6p2
= 1.05 + 15.3 + 60
= 76.8
Z* = S = 82 76.8
Z* = 5.2
0.359 5.2
EN 0.744
(146) 2
0.359 5.2
0.744
21316
S
= 0.744 + 8.75 105
HI S S
= 0.74405
SE
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12. Calculate the energy required to convert all the atoms of M (atomic number : 12) to M2+ ions present in
12 mg of metal vapours. First and second ionization enthalpies of M are 737.77 and 1450.73 kJ mol1
respectively.
12 10 3
LI
Sol. Number of moles =
24
= 0.0005 = 5 104
A
Total energy required for ionization of 1 mole Mg from
RA
IP EA
WT
Sol. EN
5.6
13 4
EN 3.03
R.
5.6
14. There are three elements I, II, III and their ionisation energies are given below.
IE1 IE2
I 2372 5251
II 900 1760
III 520 7300
Now identify
(a) Which element is most reactive?
(b) Which element is noble gas?
(c) Which can form a stable dihalide?
Sol. Element III has least (IE)1 hence, most reactive
Element I has highest (IE)1 hence, it is a noble gas
Element II has least (IE)2 hence, it can form easily M+2 ion, hence, it can form stable dihalide.
Na+ (Z = 11)
Ne (Z = 10)
Hence, Na+ have higher IE.
S
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16. Alkali metals and coinage metals both have ns1 electron in outermost orbitals.
SE
(a) Out of these two groups, which group elements have higher stability. Explain.
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(b) Compare the polarising power of their cation.
Sol. (a) Group II (coinage metals) elements differ from group I elements in that, the penultimate shell
contains 10d electrons. The poor screening by the d electrons makes the atoms of Cu group much smaller
LI
in size. This results in higher stability of coinage metals.
A
(b) Coinage metals having smaller size have high polarizing power.
17. Why lanthanides and actinoides have been placed separately in the periodic table?
ON A
Sol. The initial separation of lanthanides and actinides are based on slight differences in solubility.
C
18. Arrange the following in increasing order as directed
M
(a) Na2O, Cl2O, NO2, N2O, P2O5
(Acidic strength)
(b) Li+, Be+, B+, C+ (Stability)
.
RA
B+ 1s2 2s2
R.
* On moving from Al to Ga, the (IE)1 , increases slightly, because on moving from Al to Ga, both nuclear
charge and shielding effect increase, but due to poor shielding d electron (3d10) in Ga, effective nuclear
charge on valence electron increases, resulting in d-block contraction, that is why ionization enthalpies
increase.
* On moving from Ga to In again there is slight decrease in ionization enthalpies due to increased shielding
effect of additional ten 4d electrons, which outweighs the effect of increased nuclear charge.
* On moving from In to Tl, ionization enthalpies show an increase again because 14, 4f electrons shield
valence electron poorly (order of shielding effect (s > p > d > f) and so effective nuclear charge increases,
consequently ionization enthalpies increase.
Sol. Acidic nature of boron oxide (or hydroxide) may be explained on the basis of small size of boron. Due to
small size, there is high positive charge density on atom. This pulls off electron pair from water so OH bond
is weakened facilitating the release of H+ giving acidic solution. As Al+3 and Ga+3 ions are relatively larger
hence their tendency to rupture the OH bond becomes somewhat less. The result of this is, that acidic
nature decreases and oxides become amphoteric.
S
HI S S
SE
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LI
A
ON A
C
M
.
NE K
RA
WT
R.