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Access2010Basics Handout
Access2010Basics Handout
Basics&DatabaseFundamentals
Email:training@health.ufl.edu
WebPage:http://training.health.ufl.edu
MicrosoftAccessBasics&DatabaseFundamentals
3.0hours
Microsoft Access is a relational database application. Its the perfect tool when you begin to outgrow your data
collection in Excel. With Access you can obtain better collection results by creating user-friendly forms with
rules to protect the validity of your data. You can create queries to analyze and filter your data, and reports that
can be regenerated anytime you need them. Topics for this workshop include database concepts, planning a
database, and a hands-on introduction to tables, queries, forms and reports. This workshop is a prerequisite for
the other Access workshops.
WhatisaDatabase?...................................................................................................................................................1
WhyuseMicrosoftAccess?.......................................................................................................................................1
PlanningtheDatabase...............................................................................................................................................2
DesignRules.........................................................................................................................................................2
OrganizingData............................................................................................................................................2
NoDerivedFields..........................................................................................................................................2
DataisbrokendownintoSmallestLogicalParts.....................................................................................2
DescriptiveFieldNames..............................................................................................................................2
UniqueFieldNames.....................................................................................................................................2
NoCalculatedFields.....................................................................................................................................2
UniqueRecords.............................................................................................................................................3
BasicAccessObjects...................................................................................................................................................3
Tables....................................................................................................................................................................3
Vocabulary.....................................................................................................................................................4
Queries..................................................................................................................................................................4
Forms.....................................................................................................................................................................4
Reports..................................................................................................................................................................6
ExampleofGrouping...................................................................................................................................6
ClassExercise...............................................................................................................................................................7
PandoraRoseCowart
Education/TrainingSpecialist
UFHealthITTraining
C3013Communicore (352)2735051
POBox100152 prcowart@ufl.edu
Gainesville,FL326100152 http://training.health.ufl.edu
WhatisaDatabase?
Avarietyofdefinitionsexistforadatabase;butessentiallyit'sacollectionofinformation.Afiling
cabinet,aRolodex,alibrarycardcatalog,andeventheInternetarealltypesofdatabases.
Mostoftentheword"database"isusedtodescribeacollectionofrelated"data"(information)stored
oncomputers.Anelectronicdatabaseshouldallowyoutostore,sort,andretrievedata.
YoucancreatesimpledatabasesbycreatingaWordTableoranExcelspreadsheet.Thesecanbeusedto
keepdatasuchasnamesandaddresses.
Forexample,herewehavesimpledatabaseofourpatients:
MedRec# FirstName LastName DOB Doctor
123456 Jack Nimble 06/08/72 Edwards
987654 Jill Pail 08/27/65 Lewis
753951 Mary Bluebell 12/08/51 Edwards
Hereisasimpledatabaseofourdoctors:
EmpID# FirstName LastName Phone#
999999 Ken Edwards 5551234
888888 Laura Lang 5554567
777777 Yolanda Lewis 5557890
WhyuseMicrosoftAccess?
MicrosoftAccessisa"relational"databaseapplication.Relationalmeanswecanlinktogethersetsof
data,wecanrelatethedata.Wecankeeptrackofthepatients,thedoctorsandwhenthepatientslast
sawtheirdoctors,whathappenedateachvisitandsoon.Accessallowsustorelateourdata,without
therepetitionthatmayoccuranywhereelse.
InanAccessdatabase,wecancreatebothofthedatasetsandlinkthem.
MedRec# First Last DOB Doctor EmpID# First Last Phone#
123456 Jack Nimble 06/08/72 Edwards 999999 Ken Edwards 5551234
987654 Jill Pail 08/27/65 Lewis 888888 Laura Lang 5554567
753951 Mary Bluebell 12/08/51 Edwards 777777 Yolanda Lewis 5557890
InAccessthedataissavedinTables.AstheTableschange,therestoftheAccessdatabasewillreflect
thenewestinformation(i.e.theQueries,FormsandReports).
QueriesshowthedatainaTableformat.AQuerycanpullfrommultipleTablesandallowyoutolimit
therecords(rows)displaybyusingcriteriaandshowingonlythefields(columns)youwant.Wecanfind
thephonenumberforJillPail'sDoctor,andprovideKenEdwardswithalistofhispatients.
Formscanbecreatedtoprovidea"userfriendly"sidetoyourdatabase.Theyareusedtoviewand
enteryourdatainaninteractiveformattedstructure.Formsarealsousedtomakemenusandsearch
windows.
Reportsarecreatedtoprintoutyourdatainaformattedstructure.Theyallowyoutogroupand
organizeyourdata.TheycanalsobeusedtocreateFormlettersandmailinglabels.
Page1
PlanningtheDatabase
Themostimportantpartofcreatingarelationaldatabaseisplanning.Thiscanbedifficultwhenyouare
firstlearningtouseMicrosoftAccess.Herearesomequestionsthatmayhelp:
1. InputWhatdatadoIalreadyhaveforthedatabase?
2. OutputWhatinformationdoIwanttogetoutofthedatabase?
3. ProcessWhatdoIneedtodotogetthere?
SometimesithelpstoplanthefinalReportsthatyouwantfromyourdatabasetoseeifyoualreadyhave
amethodofcollectingallthedatayouwanttodisplay.Forexample,wewanttohaveachartofhow
manypatientsattendedtheirappointments.Dowetrackthe'cancellations'vs.the'noshows'?What
aboutthelatearrivalsandtherescheduled?Ifwewanttodifferentiate,weneedtomakesureweare
goingtocollectthatdata.Thisiswhyit'ssoimportanttoplaneverything,totrytopredictthe"whatifs"
thatmayoccuronceyouhaveyourdatacollected.
TheTablesarethecoreofyourAccessdatabase;it'swhereallthe'data'istrulysaved.Tablesare
essentialtousinganyoftheotherAccessTools.Whenplanningoutyourdatabasetrytorememberthe
basicdesignrulesforyourTables.
DesignRules
OrganizingData
Onceyouhaveanideaofthedatayouwouldliketocollect,youneedtodecidehowmanytablesyou
mightwanttousetoorganizethedataefficiently.InExcelwemightkeepseveralnumberedcolumnsto
keeptrackofthings,i.e.Medication1,Medication2,butinAccessweshouldcreateasecondtableto
trackthenumberedfields.
NoDerivedFields
Byusingtherelationshipsbetweenourdatasets,wecanderivemissingdata.Ifwearecreatinganew
appointmentforapatient,weonlyneedtoputintheirMedicalRecordNumber(orotherunique
identifier).Thepatient'sname,phonenumberandotherinformationcanbederivedfromthePatient
Table.
DataisbrokendownintoSmallestLogicalParts
PullingfieldstogetherinAccessisfairlysimple;pullingthemapartcanbeverydifficult.Thinkofthisas
breakingupthedataintoitssmallestsortablepart.
DescriptiveFieldNames
It'stemptingtouseabbreviationswhenwearecreatingourdatatables,butifthetitleweuseistoo
vagueortooabbreviatedwemaynotbeabletorecallwhywecreatedthatfield.DOBDateofBirthor
DepartmentofBread?SSNSocialSecurityNumberorShandsSystemNumber?
UniqueFieldNames
BesuretodifferentiatebetweenthefieldnamesineachTable.Wecanhavea'FirstName'inour
PatientTableanda'FirstName'inourDoctorTablebutthiscanleadtoconfusionwhenwetrytopull
bothTablesintoonedatabaseobject,suchasaQuery.
NoCalculatedFields
InMicrosoftExcelwecanperformourcalculationsonthesamesheetasourdata,butaTableinAccess
isstagnantdata,itdoesn'tchangeunlessyoumakeitchange.Accesswillletyoucreatecalculationsin
Queries,FormsandReports.
Page2
UniqueRecords
It'simportantthateachTablehasawaytokeeprecordsunique.Wecandothisbysettingonefield
(column)tobeaPrimaryKeyfield.WhenafieldissetasaPrimaryKey,Accesswillnotallowany
duplicationorblanks.
Whenthereisnotauniquefieldinyourdataset,youcanuseanAutoNumber.AutoNumbersare
incrementedorrandomfieldsthatarealwaysunique,andthusidealforyourprimarykey.
BasicAccessObjects
Accessconsistsoffourmaindatabaseobjects:Tables,Queries,Forms,andReports.Eachobjecthasat
leasttwoviews,DesignandData.TheDesignViewiswherewebuildthestructureofthatdatabase
object.Thedataviewisdifferentforeachobject.TablesandQuerieshaveaDatasheetView,Forms
haveaFormView,andReportshaveaReportView,oraPrintPreviewview.
Tables
Tablesstoredata.TheTablesarethetrue'database'(baseofdata).Theseneedtobecreatedand
properlylinked(related)inordertoeffectivelyusetheotherAccesstools.Tablesarethecoreofyour
database,everythingelseinAccessdependsontheTables.
TheDesignViewofaTableallowsyoutocreateandmodify:
FieldNames(thecolumnheadings)
Thetypeofdatastoredinafield(DataType).Inthisworkshopweuse:
DataType Description
Text Allowsanyalphanumericcharacters,upto255characters
Number LimitedtoNumbersonly
Date/Time AllowsDatesand/orTimesonly
AutoNumber Createsauniquesequentialnumberforeachrecord.
Yes/No Thisisabinaryfield(onlytwoanswers,Yes/No,True/False)
LookupWizard ThelookupwizardallowsyoutolinkthefieldtoanotherTable
ortotypeinalistofyourowncreation.
Descriptions,whichwillbedisplayedinthestatusbarintheDataviewofForms
AndthePropertiesofeachfield,suchashowmanycharacterscanbeentered(textfieldsize),or
howthedataisformatted(05/05/95orMay5,1995).
Page3
TheDatasheetViewofaTableallowsyoutocreateandmodifythedatawithinagridstructurebased
onthesettingsintheDesignView.
Field
Record
Table
Vocabulary
Acollectionoffieldsmakeuparecord.AcollectionofrecordsmakeupaTable.Acollectionof
Tablesmakeupadatabase
FieldOnecolumnofaTablecommontoalltherecords
RecordOnerowofaTablecontainingalldataaboutaparticularentry
TableOnesetofrelateddata
DatabaseStructuredcollectionofrelatedTables
Queries
Queriesshowaselectionofdatabasedoncriteria(limitations)youprovide.Queriescanpullfromone
ormorerelatedTablesand/orotherQueries.
TheDatasheetViewofaQuerylookslikeaTable.AlldataaddedormodifiedinaQuery,willbesaved
intheTable.TheDesignViewiswherethestructureoftheQueryiscreated.Thisiswherewechoose
therecordsourcesandfields,andsetthesortorderandcriteria.
RecordSourcesTablesand/or
Queriescontainingtherecordsfor
ourQuery
FieldsFieldnamesfromthe
aboverecordsourceand
expressionstobuildnewfields
SortOrderOrderthefinalresult,
inorderofposition
CriteriaLimitationsappliedtothe
finalresult
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Forms
MostFormsdisplayonerecordatatime,inaformatteduserfriendlyenvironment.Youcanbuildyour
Formsoitwilldisplaymultiplerecords.AsyoudevelopFormsyoucancreatenavigationbuttons,insert
graphics,andchangethecolorstodisplayeverythingconsistently.Formshavethreebasicviews:Design
View,LayoutViewandFormView.
YourrecordsourcecanbeaTableorQuery.Ifwewantto*all*thepatientsusetheTable;ifweonly
wanttoseeDr.Edward'sPatients,useaQuery.
ThedataenteredormodifiedinaFormis
automaticallysavedtotheTable.TheTableisthe
truelocationofthedata;theFormisa"pretty"
waytoview/modify/createthedata.
Ifyouwouldliketoviewmorethanonerecordat
atimeyoumayusea"MultipleItems"Form,ora
"SplitForm".MultipleItems,sometimescalleda
TabularorContinuousForm,showsmultiple
formattedrecords.SplitFormsshowtheForm
viewandadatasheetviewinthesamewindow.
MultipleItems SplitForm
Page5
FortheBasicWorkshopwewillusethe
AutoCreatebuttonstomakeourForms.
OncetheFormiscreated,youcanuse
theLayoutViewtochangethe
placementandsizeofthefields.Inthe
IntrotoFormsandReportsworkshop
wewilllearntobuildthesedatabase
objectsintheDesignView.
AsyourFormsbecomemore
involved,youcanusetheDesign
Viewtoaddobjectslikecommand
buttonstomovebetweenrecords,
FormsandReports.
Reports
Reportsaredesignedtocreateanorganizedoutputofdatafromyourdatabase.WithaReport,youcan
groupandsummarizeinformation.Youcan'teditthedatainaReport,butifyoumakethe
modificationsintheTable,Query,orFormyouwillseetheresultswhenyouopentheReportagain.
Reportshavefourbasicviews:ReportView,PrintPreview,LayoutView,andDesignView.
ExampleofGrouping
FortheBasicWorkshopwewillusethewizardandAutoCreatebuttonstomakeourReports.
ThePrintPreviewandReportViewallow
youtoviewhowthedatafallsintothe
Report.
ThePrintPreviewwillshowyou
howthedatafallsonthepage,andhow
itwillappearwhenprinted.
TheReportviewletsyouseea
continuousflowofthedatawithoutpage
breaks.
TheDesignViewandLayoutViewallow
youtoresizeandmovethefields.
TheDesignViewallowsyouto
addobjects(liketextboxesthatcontain
formulas).
TheLayoutviewallowsyouto
resizethefieldandseethedataatthe
sametime.
Page6
Access2010BasicsClassExercise
ClassExercise
CreatetheDatabase
1. OpenAccess
2. ChooseBlankDatabase
3. UsetheFILENAME:PatientAppointments
4. ClosethenewTablethatisautomaticallycreated
CreatethePatientsTable
1. ClickontheCreateTabandchooseTABLEDESIGN
2. TypethefirstFieldName:PtMedRec#
a. DataType:Text
b. Description:Patient'sMedicalRecordNumber
3. Enterintherestofthefields(descriptionsnotnecessary):
FieldName DataType Description
PtMedRec# Text Patient'sMedicalRecordNumber
PtFirstName Text
PtLastName Text
PtPrimPhone# Text
PtBirthDate Date/Time
4. SetthePtMedRec#tobethekey
a. Clickonthebigyellowkeyonthetoolbar
5. SavetheTableasPatients
EnteringFirstRecord
1. TurntotheDatasheetView
2. EnterourfirstMedRec#:123456
3. Presstabmovetothenextfield
PtMedRec# PtFirst PtLast PtPhone PtBirthDate
123456 Shaun Fuller 3525551234 1/1/1
a. FirstName:Shaun
b. LastName:Fuller
c. BirthDate:1/1/1
IfyousetitasaDATE/TIMEfieldAccesswilladdinthe"200"for2001
d. Phone#:3525551234
Nodashes
Page7
Access2010BasicsClassExercise
ExittheDatabase
1. Exitthedatabase,Accesswillprobablynotaskyoutosave
a. Butitdidsavetherecord,itdoessoautomatically.
2. Openyourdatabasefromthedesktop
3. Openthetable(doubleclick)fromthenavigationpane
RearrangeFields
1. InDesignView,movePtBirthDateabovethePtPhone
2. SwitchtotheDataViewandEnterthenextrecord
PtMedRec# PtFirst PtLast PtBirthDate PtPhone
789123 Jacob Smith 2/2/92 3525554321
AddingFields
1. InDesignView,createPtGender,textfield,abovePtBirthDate
a. InsertRowsfromDesignTab,orfromtherightclickmenu
2. InDataViewEnter"Male"(thewholeword)forShaunandJacob
3. Enteranewrecord
PtMedRec# PtFirst PtLast PtGender PtBirthDate PtPhone
555555 Jennifer Underwood F March3,1983 3525555555
a. EnterGenderasjustonecharacter
b. EnterbirthdateasMarch3,1983;itshouldchangeto3/3/1983
c. Typeinthehyphensforthephonenumber
ModifyFieldPropertiesFieldSize
1. InDesignView,setFieldSizeofGendertobe1
a. WhenyousaveyouwillgetanerrormessagesayingdatamaybelostclickYes
b. Dataislost,ourMaleentriesshouldnowonlyreadM
Page8
Access2010BasicsClassExercise
ModifyFieldPropertiesFormat
1. InDesignView,settheFormatoftheBirthdaytobeaMediumDate
a. Noticethereisno"fieldsize"foradatefield,becauseitdoesn'tmatterhowmany
charactersyoutypein,aslongasit'savaliddate.
ModifyFieldPropertiesInputMask
1. InDeignView,setanInputMaskforthePhoneNumber
a. InFieldProperties,clickintheInputMaskline;clicktheBuildbutton()
b. IntheInputMaskWizard,PhoneNumberisalreadyselected.ClickFINISH.
c. SaveandViewResults
PtMedRec# PtFirst PtLast PtGender PtBirthDate PtPhone
123456 Shaun Fuller M 01Jan01 (352)5551234
339852 Jennifer Underwood F 03Mar83 3525555555
839482 Jacob Smith M 02Feb92 (352)5554321
2. FixJennifer'sPhoneNumber
EnteraNewRecord
1. Enteranewrecord
PtMedRec# PtFirst PtLast PtGender PtBirthDate PtPhone
527594 Doris Jones F 4/4/74 3525555432
2. ClosetheTable
3. OpenthePatient'sTable
PtMedRec# PtFirst PtLast PtGender PtBirthDate PtPhone
123456 Shaun Fuller M 01Jan01 (352)5551234
339852 Jennifer Underwood F 03Mar83 (352)5555555
527594 Doris Jones F 04Apr74 (352)5555432
839482 Jacob Smith M 02Feb92 (352)5554321
CreateFemalePatient'sQuery
1. GototheCreateTabandchooseQUERYDESIGN
2. ADDPatientstotheQuery,closetheShowTablebox
3. AddPatient'sNameandGenderbydoubleclickingonthefields
4. DatasheetView
PtFirst PtLast PtGender
Shaun Fuller M
Jennifer Underwood F
Doris Jones F
Jacob Smith M
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Access2010BasicsClassExercise
CustomizingaQuery
1. IntheDatasheetviewnoticethesortorderisbyMedRec#
2. IntheDesignview,setQuerytoSortbyPtLastNameAscending
3. GototheDataView,patientsshouldread,FullerthroughUnderwood
4. IntheDesignView,settheCriterialineforthePtGenderfieldtobeF
a. InDatasheetview,youshouldonlyhavetwopeople:JenniferandDoris
5. CloseandsavetheQueryasFemalePatients
CreatePatientsForm
1. SelectPatientsTablefromleftNavigationPanesoitbecomesthedefaultdatasource
2. OntheCreateTabclickontheFORMbutton
3. WeareintheForm'sLayoutview
a. Adjustthefieldwidths
4. Changetothe"Form"view(firstbuttonontheHomeTab)
5. CreateanewFEMALEpatient,anyoneyouwant
6. OpenthePatientsTABLE,viewnewperson
a. FromtheleftNavigationPane,doubleclick
7. OpentheFemalePatientsQUERY,viewnewperson
a. Newpatienthasbeensaved,eventhoughtheFormhasnotbeensaved
8. Closeall,SaveFormas"Patients"
CreateSimpleReport
1. SelectTablefromleftNavigationPanesoitbecomesthedefaultdatasource
2. OntheCreateTabclickontheREPORTbutton
a. InLayoutView,adjustthecolumnstofitthedata
b. RightclicktogotothePrintPreview
c. DatasortedintheorderitwascreatedintheTable
d. CloseandSaveasPatients
Page10
Access2010BasicsClassExercise
CreateGroupedReport
1. SelectPatientTablefromleftNavigationPanesoitbecomesthedefaultdatasource
2. OntheCreateTabclickontheREPORTWIZARDbutton
a. Step1(Selectfields)
Usedoublearrow(>>)tomoveoverallfields
b. NextStep2(Grouping)
GroupbyPtLastName,
GroupingOptions"1stLetter"
GroupbyPtBirthDatetwice
GroupingOptionsbyMonth&byWeek
Ungroupallfields(noblueintheleftside)
GroupbyGender
c. NextStep3(sorting)
SortbyLastNameandFirstNameAscending
d. NextStep4(layout)ChooseOutline1
e. NextStep5(style)ChooseOffice
f. NextStep6(saving)PatientsbyGender
3. Rightclickandgotothelayoutview,adjustthebirthdayfield
4. CloseandsavetheReport
ApptReason Text
ApptTypeFirst Yes/No
CreateLookupLocation
ApptTypeFollowup Yes/No
1. ChangetheDataTypeforApptLocationtobe ApptTypeEmergency Yes/No
LOOKUPWIZARD ApptLocation Text
a. Step1IwilltypeinthevaluesIwant
b. NextStep2MagCtr,MedPlaza,SouthTower
c. NextStep3LabelApptLocation
d. Finish
2. ApptLocationfieldtypestillsaysTEXT
a. ViewLookuptabinthepropertiesatthebottomofthewindow
Page11
Access2010BasicsClassExercise
CreateLookupPtMedRec#
1. ChangetheDataTypeforPtMedRectobeLOOKUPWIZARD
a. Step1.IwantthelookupcolumntolookupthevaluesinaTableorQuery
b. NextStep2.(PatientsTableisalreadyselected)
c. NextStep3.Bringover:PtMedRec,PtLastName,PtBirthDate
d. NextStep4.Sortby:PtLastName,PtBirthDate
e. NextStep5.UNCHECKthehidekeycolumn
f. NextStep6."Chooseafieldthatuniquelyidentifiestherow".(PtMedRec#)
g. NextStep7.LabelofPtMedRecisfine,clickFinish
h. ClickYestothewarningmessage"TheTablemustbesavedbeforetheRelationshipcanbe
created"
AddanAppointment
1. InDatasheetviewenteranewrecord
a. MedRec#:123456
b. ApptDoctor:Jekyll
c. ApptDate:10/17
d. ApptTime:2p
e. ApptReason:MoodSwings
f. CheckApptTypeFirst
g. ApptLocation:Choosefromlist
ModifyApptTable
1. ChangeCAPTIONpropertyforthecheckboxessoyoucanreadtitle
FieldName Caption
ApptTypeFirst FirstAppt
ApptTypeFollowup Followup
ApptTypeEmergency Emergency
2. ChangeApptTimeFORMATpropertytoremovetheseconds
Page12
Access2010BasicsClassExercise
CreateScheduleQuerywithMultipleTables
1. GototheCreateTabandclicktheQueryDesignbutton
2. AddbothTablesandclosetheshowTablewindow
a. FromtheAppointmentTableDoubleclickonPtMedRec#
b. FromthePatientTableDoubleclickonPtFirstNameandPtLastName
c. FromtheAppointmentTableDoubleclickonApptDoctor,ApptDate,ApptTime,and
ApptReason
3. AddanewrecordintheDatasheetview
a. SelecttheMedRecforMsUnderwood
b. ChangeJennifertoJenny
c. SettheDoctor,Date,Time,andReason
PtMedRec PtFirstName PtLastName ApptDoctor ApptDate ApptTime ApptReason
339852 Jenny Underwood Scholls 8/29/2015 2:00PM FootOder
4. CloseandSaveQueryasSchedule
CreatePatientAppointmentForm
1. GototheCreateTabandclicktheFORMWIZARD
a. ChoosetheTable:Patients
UsetheDoubleArrowtobringovereverything(>>)
b. DONOTCLICKNEXT
c. ChooseTable:Appointments
Bringover:Doctor,Date,Time,Reason
d. ClickFINISHWeareskippingtherestofthesteps
UsingPatientAppointmentsForm
1. ClickinthePtLastNamefield
a. ClickthebinocularstoFIND(orpressCtrlF)
b. TypeinUnderwood
c. ScheduleanotherapptforMsUnderwood
2. CreateanewPatient
a. Schedulethemforanappointment
3. CloseandSavetheForm
Page13
Access2010BasicsClassExercise
ViewtheFinalResults
1. Vieweachobjectinthedatabase
a. YourTables
b. YourQueries
c. YourReports
BackingupDatabase
1. FromtheFileTabchooseInfo
a. ChooseCompactandRepair
Youshoulddothiseverytimeitcrashes,orbeginstorunslowly,orstartsactingfunny,
orbeforeyoushareitwithme
2. FromtheFileTabchooseSave&Publish
a. UnderadvancedchooseBackupDatabase
Youshoulddothisonaregularbasis,butdefinitelybeforeyoumakeanymajorchanges,
orbeforeyoushareitwithme
3. ExitAccess
a. RightClickonFile,Choose"SendtoCompressedZippedFolder"
Ifyouwouldliketoemailyourselfthefile,emailthe"ZippedFolder"
TheAccessDatabaseinsidethezippedfolderisREADONLY,meaningyoucannotmake
changestoit.Ifyouwanttomakethefileeditable,youwillneedtodragitoutofthe
zippedfolder.
Congratulations,younowknowenoughtobedangerous.
Formoreindepthinstructions,includingthereasoningfortheexercisesseethe"InstructorsNotes"on
ourwebpage: http://training.health.ufl.edu/access_handouts.aspx
Page14