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Heterogeneous Catalysis Chapter 1
Heterogeneous Catalysis Chapter 1
CM- 15,75 h
ELENA R. SAVINOVA, PR.
LMSPC-UMR 7515 (R3, Niveau 1)
Elena.Savinova@unistra.fr
@
4
4. Processes
1
The objectives of the course
Learn about:
- How to investigate adsorption and catalytic properties of materials
- Most important catalytic processes in the chemical industry, oil refinery
and pprocessingg and environmental protection
p
Background:
- Chemical kinetics and thermodynamics, 2
introduction in catalysis
Recommended literature
Fundamental of Industrial Catalytic Processes, C.H. Bartholomew, R. J. Farrauto, 2nd Edition (2005), Wiley
ISBN 978-0-471-45713-8
Principles and Practice of Heterogeneous Catalysis, J. M. Thomas, W.J. Thomas, VCH, Weinheim, 1997, reprinted in
2005, 669 p., ISBN: 29288-8.
Reactions at Solid Surfaces,, Ertl,, Gerhard,, Baker Lecture Series 2009. 208 Pages
g
Principles
p of Adsorption
p and Reaction on Solid Surfaces,, R.I. Masel,, Wiley,
y, ISBN: 978-0-471-30392-3
Introduction to Surface Chemistry and Catalysis, G. Somorjai, Wiley, 1994 (Bibliothque Esplanade)
Kinetics of heterogeneous catalytic reactions; Michel Boudart and G. Djga-Mariadassou, 1984; (Bibliothque IPCMS )
Concepts
p of Modern Catalysisy and Kinetics, I. Chorkendorff, J. W. Niemantsverdriet, 2nd, Completely
p y Revised and
Enlarged Edition, 2007, Wiley
Handbook of Heterogeneous Catalysis, G. Ertl, H. Knoezinger, J. Weitkamp (Eds.), 8 Volumes, 2nd Edition, February
2008, Wiley,
y ISBN: 978-3-527-31241-2
3
Chapter 1. Introduction: setting the scene
I
Importance
t off h
heterogeneous
t catalysis
t l i iin the
th modern
d economy
Heterogeneous Catalysis industry
5
Concepts of Modern Catalysis and Kinetics, I. Chorkendorff, J. W.
Niemantsverdriet, 2nd, Completely Revised and Enlarged Edition, 2007
The largest catalyst producers (From:Fundamental of Industrial Catalytic
Processes, C.H. Bartholomew, R. J. Farrauto, 2nd Edition (2005)
Nobel prize in 1909 for his achieve- Nobel Prize in Chemistry for his
ments, including the understanding of pioneering studies of chemical
the catalysis phenomenon
phenomenon. processes on solid surfaces
Oswald: Catalytic action consists in the modification, by the acting substance, named
th catalyst,
the t l t off the
th rate
t att which
hi h a chemical
h i l reaction
ti occurs, without
ith t that
th t substance
bt
itself being part of the end-products formed.
7
Catalytic cycle
ABCat
A B
Cat
P A + B + Cat PCat
P + Cat
W
G #f ,u AB# Transition State Theory:
gy
bs Energ
kf
G #f ,cat kf
K
Gibb
kb
Heterogeneous catalysis
A+B
A+B+Cat G r0
ABCat
P
P+Cat
Reaction coordinate 8
How a catalyst may influence the reaction rate?
Example 1: catalytic CO oxidation
D
Decrease off the
th activation
ti ti b barrier
i via
i compensation
ti off th
the energy llosses
3C 2 H 2
Pd
C6 H 6
C C
C C
C C Concepts of Modern Catalysis and Kinetics, I.
Chorkendorff, J. W. Niemantsverdriet, 2nd, 9
Completely Revised and Enlarged Edition, 2007
Important catalyst properties Activity
Selectivity
y
Lifetime
Cost
Activity
y
Definition of the catalytic activity:
Mass activity
activity, specific activity,
activity TOF
S l ti it
Selectivity P1
A P2
P3
CH 3 CH CH 2
O
CH 3 CH CH 2 C CH CH 2 CO2
O H
10
Introduction into catalytic materials
Requirements Requirements
12
Boreskov Institute of Catalysis SB RAS: http://www.en.catalysis.ru/
Relevant length scales in heterogeneous catalysis
C t l ti reactor
Catalytic t Catalyst pellets/granules
m cm cm m
m nm
http://www.psenterprise.com/gproms/applica
tions/reaction/info fixed bed.html
tions/reaction/info_fixed_bed.html
Pt nanoparticles
Catalytic surface
nm
nm
BALSAC picture
gallery of Prof. K.
Hermann, FHI,
Berlin
13
http://www.nanostellar.com/characterization.htm
Chapter 1: Summary
14