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MARINE ENGINEERING SYSTEM 1 LESSON TOPIC

Section 2 - Marine Steam Turbine Propulsion System;

LDD 20303 Recognize the steam turbine system and the steam plant/ steam
cycle.

Understand the principal design features, construction,

Topic 2: Marine Steam Turbine Propulsion performance characteristics and the applications of marine boilers.

Systems Understand the principal operation, construction and performance

Sub-Topic 1: Marine Boiler characteristics of marine steam turbines.

(Week 4) Identify marine steam turbine and boiler ancillary support systems

Identify steam turbine and boiler protective devices and safe

operating procedures

Prepared by: Ahmad Mustaqim Bin Abdul Rahim

LESSON PLAN 1

Recognize the steam turbine system and

the steam plant/ steam cycle.
Introduction to marine steam turbine
systems

Typical Hybrid of Steam

and Gas Turbines

steam plant/ steam cycle

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Basic Steam Cycle

STEAM CYCLE
2 3

GENERATION EXPANSION

FEEDWATER CONDENSATION

1 4

Steam Cycle Sub-Systems:

1) Boiler Feed System:

Sub-Topic 1/ LESSON PLAN 2
The boiler feed system consists of a de-aerator (DFT- de-aerating feed tank), feed pumps
and the economizer. Feed water is stored, being heated and dissolved gases are released
inside the DFT. From the DFT, feed pump raise the pressure and inject the feed water into
the boiler drum through the economizer where thermal energy being added.
Understand the basic principal design
features, construction, performance
2) Generation System:
The generation system includes the boiler, superheater and desuperheater in one integral
unit. In this portion a large quantity of heat from the burning fuel being transferred to the feed
water through tubes wall, hence wet and dry steams are generated.
characteristics and the applications of
marine boilers.
3) Expansion System:
The expansion system includes main steam piping from the boiler outlet, the valves and the
turbine unit. In this part of the cycle steam is delivered to the turbine unit, its flow is controlled
and the thermal energy therein is converted into mechanical energy.

4) Condensate System:
The condensate system consists of heat exchanger a condenser and a condensate pump.
The condenser removes gases and vapour and change back the turbine exhaust steam to
water for the condensate pump to recirculate the water to the DFT tank for the cycle to repeat
as a close circuit system

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Understand the principal design features of marine boilers

Marine Boiler

Design features of marine boilers

A boiler is used to heat water to produce steam, which is then used for
other purposes in the ship. There are two basic types of boilers:
Basic Construction of BOILERS
Water tube and
Fire tube.
Watertube boiler : in watertube the feedwater
All boilers consist of a furnace or combustion chamber where fuel is
is passed through the tubes and the hot gasses
burnt. The energy (heat) created by the burning process is transferred
to the water through a wall, which has a large surface area in contact
with both the combustion chamber and the water.
pass over them.

Adjacent to the combustion chamber is the water; there must be a

drum where steam and water can separate. The steam is drawn off into
the steam drum and the water returned to the water chamber for
Firetube boiler : in the firetube boiler the hot
reheating. At this stage the steam is called wet or saturated steam gases pass through the tubes and the feed
because it still contains small particles of water. It may be used as wet
steam or it may be heated further in a superheater, which dries the water surround them
steam before use.

Basic Construction, Performance and Application

of WATERTUBE BOILER
Water tube boilers consist of small diameter tubes
inside the combustion chamber. The wall of hot tubes is
the medium through which heat is transferred. The
water is passed through theses tubes and heated very
quickly and efficiently.
The flexibility with layout of these boilers is almost
limitless and they are by far the most common type of
Combustion
Chamber
boiler today.

A water tube boiler is used for high pressure, high

Basic construction of WATERTUBE BOILER temperature, and high capacity steam applications, for
example steam for main propulsion turbines or cargo
pump turbines.

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WATERTUBE BOILER- Details WATERTUBE BOILER

Water tube or "water in tube" boilers in which the conditions are
reversed with the water passing through the tubes and the furnace
for the hot gasses is made up of the water tubes.

In the water-tube boiler, gases flow over water-filled tubes.

Both ends of the water tubes are connected to large containers,
called drums. All high-pressure and large boilers are of the
water-tube type. The small tubes in the water-tube boiler can
withstand high pressure better than the large vessels of a fire-
tube boiler
The steam generated in the tubes of a water-tube boiler collects at
the top of a drum. It usually flows through a set of tubes called a
super heater. The hot gases flow over the steam-filled tubes,
increasing the temperature of the vapor. The combination of a
boiler and a super heater is often called a steam generator.

WATERTUBE BOILER WATERTUBE BOILER

Water and steam flow diagram

Blue: the down comers lead the water from the

steam drum to the water drum and the waterwalls
headers.

Red and blue: the evaporation tubes and the water

walls lead the water and steam emulsion back to
the steam drum.

Red: the steam passes through the superheater

before it leaves the boiler for the consumers.

Basic Construction, Performance and Application

of FIRETUBE BOILER
In a fire tube boiler, hot air from the combustion
chamber travels through the pipes which run
through the water compartment. This is a much
more inefficient way to heat the water sufficiently
to create steam.
Combustion
Chamber Fire tube boilers are used for auxiliary purposes
to provide smaller quantities of low-pressure
steam on diesel engine powered ships.

Basic construction of FIRETUBE BOILER

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BOILER
COMPONENT ECONOMISER
SMOKE UPTAKE
ECONOMISER

FIRETUBE BOILER
HEADER
STEAM DRUM STEAM OUTLET

CYCLONE
Fire tube or as an easy way to remember "fire in tube" boilers, DOWNCOMER
STAY TUBE
contain long steel tubes through which the hot gasses from a RISER

furnace pass and around which the water to be changed to steam WATERWALL
HEADERS
STAY
SUPERHETED
circulates. BOILER
STEAM OUTLET
SUPERHEATER
HOOD
In the fire-tube boiler, gases flow through tubes surrounded by SUPERHEATER
HEADERS
water. This type of boiler is used in most steam locomotives, in BACKSIDE WATERDRUM
small factories, and sometimes in heating homes. WATER WALL

WATER WALL
In a firetube boiler the heat (gasses) from the combustion of the HEADERS

fuel passes through tubes and is transferred to the water which WATER WALL
BURNER
is in a large cylindrical storage area. FOTING
WATERWALL
HEADERS

EXAMPLE OF WATERTUBE BOILER

BOILER COMPONENT

EXAMPLE OF FIRETUBE BOILER

EXAMPLE OF WATERTUBE BOILER