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id
e Two Port Networks
1 Generalities:
An Introduction To The standard configuration of a two port:

Two Port Networks

December 6th, 2005

I1 I2
+ +
Input Output
V1
_ Port
The Network Port
V2
_

The network ?

The voltage and current convention ?

* notes

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id Two Port Networks Tw o Port Netw orks
e Network Equations: Z param eters:
2
V z 11 is the impedance seen looking into port 1
z 1
Impedance V1 = z11I1 + z12I2 V2 = b11V1 - b12I1 11 I I 0 w hen port 2 is open.
1 2
Z parameters
V2 = z21I1 + z22I2 I2 = b21V1 b22I1
V z 12 is the ratio of the voltage at port 1 to
z 1 the current at port 2 w hen port 1 is open.
12 I I 0
I1 = y11V1 + y12V2 V1 = h11I1 + h12V2 2 1
Admittance Hybrid
Y parameters H parameters
I2 = y21V1 + y22V2 I2 = h21I1 + h22V2 V
z 2 z 21 is the ratio of the voltage at port 2 to
21 I I 0 the current at port 1 w hen port 2 is open.
1 2
Transmission V1 = AV2 - BI2 I1 = g11V1 + g12I2
A, B, C, D
V
parameters I1 = CV2 - DI2 V2 = g21V1 + g22I2 z 2 z 22 is the impedance seen looking into port 2
22 I I 0
2 1 w hen port 1 is open.

* notes * notes
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id T w o P ort N etw orks T w o P o r t N e tw o r k s
e Y para m eters: Z p a r a m e te rs: E x a m p le 1
3
I y 11 is the adm ittance seen looking into port 1
y 1 G iv e n t h e f o llo w in g c ir c u it. D e t e r m in e th e Z p a r a m e t e r s .
11 V V 0 w hen port 2 is shorted.
1 2

y 12 is the ratio of the current at port 1 to I1 I2

I 8 10
y 1 the voltage at port 2 w hen port 1 is shorted.
12 V V 0
2 1 + +

V 1 20 20 V 2
I y 21 is the ratio of the current at port 2 to
y 2 _ _
21 V V 0 the voltage at port 1 w hen port 2 is shorted.
1 2

I
y 2 y 22 is the adm ittance seen looking into port 2 F in d th e Z p a r a m e te r s fo r th e a b o v e n e tw o r k .
22 V V 0
2 1 w hen port 1 is shorted.

* notes

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id Two Port Networks T w o P o r t N e tw o r k s
e Zparameters: Example 1 (cont 1) Z p a r a m e te r s: E x a m p le 1 (c o n t 2 )
4
For z11: For z22:
T h e Z p a r a m e te r e q u a tio n s c a n b e e x p r e s s e d in
m a tr ix f o r m a s f o llo w s .
Z11 = 8 + 20||30 = 20 Z22 = 20||30 = 12

V 1 z 11 z 12 I 1
V z z 22 I 2
I1 I2
8 10
For z12:
+ + 2 21
V 1 20 20 V 2
V
z 1 _ _
12 I I 0
1 V 1 20 8 I1
2
V
20xI2 x20 Therefore: 8xI2 2
8
12 I 2
V1 8xI2 z12 8 = z21
20 30 I2
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id Two Port Networks Two Port Networks
e Transmission parameters (A,B,C,D): Transmission parameters (A,B,C,D):
5
The defining equations are: Example Given the netw ork below with assumed voltage polarities and
Current directions com patible with the A,B,C,D param eters.

I1 -I2
V1 A B V2
I + +
1 C D I 2 R 1
V 1 R 2 V 2
_
V1 V1 _
A B
V2 I2 = 0 I2 V2 = 0
W e can write the following equations.
V 1 = (R 1 + R 2 )I 1 + R 2 I 2
I1 I1
C D V 2 = R 2I1 + R 2I2
V2 I2 = 0 I2 V2 = 0
It is not alw ays possible to w rite 2 equations in term s of the V s and Is
Of the param eter set.

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id T
wo
Po
rt
Net
wor
ks Two Port Networks
e T
r
an
sm
i
ss
io
np
ar
am
et
er
s(
A,
B,C
,D
):
6 Hybrid Parameters: The equations for the hybrid parameters are:
E
x
am
pl
e(c
on
t.
)
V
=
1 (
R1+R
)
2I
1+R
I
22 V1 h11 h12 I 1
V
= R
I1+
RI I h h V
2 2 22
2 21 22 2
F
r
omt
hes
ee
qu
at
i
ons
wec
a
ndi
rec
t
lye
va
l
uat
eth
eA
,
B,C
,Dp
a
ra
me
te
rs
.
V1 V1
h11 h12
V R
R V I1 V2 = 0 V2 I1 = 0

A1
= 1 2 1
B = 1
V
2 I
2=0 R2
I V=
2 2
0 R
I2 I2
h21 h22
I I I1

C1
=
1 1
D =1 V2 = 0 V2 I1 = 0
V
2 I=0 R
I2
V
2
=0
2 2

L
at
erw
ewi
l
lse
eh
ow
to
in
te
r
con
n
ec
tt
woo
ft
hes
ene
t
wor
ks
to
ge
th
er
fo
ra
fi
nal
ans
we
r
*
no
tes * notes
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id Two Port Networks T w o P o r t N e tw o r k s
e M o d if y in g th e tw o p o r t n e tw o r k :
7 Hybrid Parameters:
E a r lie r w e f o u n d t h e z p a r a m e t e r s o f t h e fo llo w in g n e tw o r k .
Given the circuit below.

I1 -I2 I1 I2
8 10
The equations for the circuit are:
+ +
+ +
R 1
V R V V1 = (R1 + R2)I1 + R2I2 V 1 20 20 V 2
1 2 2
_ V2 = R2I1 + R2I2 _ _
_

The H parameters are as follows.

V 1 20 8 I1
V
h11 1 V V 8 12 I 2
I1 V =0 = R1 h12 1
V2 I1=0
= 1 2
2

I2 I 1
h21 = -1 h22 2 = * n o te s
I1 V =0 V2 I1=0 R2
2

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id T w o P o r t N e tw o r k s T w o P o r t N e tw o r k s
e M o d ify in g th e tw o p o r t n e tw o r k : M o d ify in g th e tw o p o r t n e tw o r k :
8 W e t a k e a lo o k a t t h e o r ig in a l e q u a t io n s a n d t h e e q u a t io n s d e s c r ib in g
W e m o d if y th e n e tw o r k a s s h o w n b e a d d in g e le m e n t s o u t s id e th e t w o p o r ts
t h e n e w p o r t c o n d it io n s .

6 I1
8 10
I2 V 1 20 8 I1 V 1 = 1 0 - 6 I1
V 8 12 I
+ + + 2 2 V 2 = - 4 I2
10 v V 1 20 20 V 2 4
_
So w e have,
_ _

10 6 I1 = 20 I1 + 8 I2
W e now have:
-4 I2 = 8 I1 + 1 2 I2
V 1 = 1 0 - 6 I1

V 2 = - 4 I2
* n o te s
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id Two Port Networks T w o P o rt N etw o rk s
e Modifying the two port network:
9 Y P ara m eters an d B ey on d :
Rearranging the equations gives,
G iv en th e follow in g n etw ork .
1
I 1 26 8 10 I1 I2
I 8
1
0
2 16
+
1
+
V s
1
s V 2
_ _
I 0.4545

1 1
I -0.2273
2 (a ) F in d th e Y p a ra m eters for th e n etw o rk .

(b ) F ro m th e Y p a ra m eters fin d th e z p a ram eters

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id T w o P or t N etw o rk s Two Port Networks
e Y P a ra m e ter E x a m p le Y Parameter Example
10 I
y 1 I
y 1 I1 I2
I 1 = y 1 1 V 1 + y 12 V 2 11 V V 0 12 V 1
1 2 2 V 0 I
1 y 2
I 2 = y 2 1 V 1 + y 22 V 2 21 V V 0 + +
1 2 1 s
I I V 1
s V
I2 y 2 y 2 2
I1 1 21 V V 0 22 V V 0 _ _
1 2 2 1
1
+ +
1 s
V 1 We see
s V 2
sh o rt
_ _ W e u se th e a b ov e eq u a tio n s to
1 e v a lu ate th e p ar a m eter s fr o m th e
n e tw or k. V1 2I 2 I
T o fin d y 1 1 y 2 = 0.5 S
21 V
1
2
V1 I1( s ) I 2 so y
I
1 = s + 0 .5
1
21 s 2 s 1 11 V
1 V 0
2
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id T w o P o r t N e tw o r k s T w o P o r t N e tw o r k s
e Y P a r a m e te r E x a m p l e Y P a r a m e te r E x a m p le
11 I1 1
I2

T o f in d y 1 2 a n d y 2 1 w e r e v e r s e sh o rt + +
Sum m ary:
1 s
t h in g s a n d s h o r t V 1 V 1
s V 2
_ _
I
y 1 1
12 V
2 V 0 y 11 y 12 s 0 . 5 0 .5
1
y
y 22 0 . 5 0 . 5 1 s
I Y =
W e have y 2
22 V 21
2 V 0
1

W e have
N o w su p p o se y o u w a n t th e Z p a r a m e te r s fo r th e sa m e n e tw o r k .
V 2 2 I1
2s 1
V2 I2 y 22 0 . 5
(s 2) s
I
y 1 = 0 .5 S
12 V2

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id T w o P o r t N e tw o r k s Two Port Parameter Conversions:
e G o in g F r o m Y to Z P a r a m e te r s
12
F o r th e Y p a ra m e te r s w e h a v e : F o r th e Z p a ra m e te r s w e h a v e :

I Y V V Z I
1
From above; V Y I Z I
T h e r e fo r e
y y
22 12
w here
z z
Z Y 1
z 11 12

Y Y

Y det Y
z y y
21 22 21 11

Y Y
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id Two Port Parameter Conversions: I n te r c o n n e c tio n O f T w o P o r t N e tw o r k s
e
To go from one set of parameters to another, locate the set of parameters T h r e e w a y s th a t tw o p o r ts a r e in te r c o n n e c te d :
13 you are in, move along the vertical until you are in the row that contains
the parameters you want to convert to then compare element for element

H y Y parameters
* P a r a lle l
y a y b
a
z11
h22
y
y
b

Z parameters
z a z b
z a
* S e r ie s z
z b

ABCD parameters
* C ascad e T a T b T T a T b

Sl I n te r c o n n e c tio n O f T w o P o r t N e tw o r k s I n te r c o n n e c tio n O f T w o P o r t N e tw o r k s
id
e C o n s id e r th e fo llo w in g n e tw o r k : R1 R2 R1 R2
14 R1 R1
V 1 R V2
I 2 R2 I
I1 1
1
I2 1
R 1 R 1 1 1 2
V R
Find 2 + + R 2 2
V 1
V1 R 2 R V2 M u ltip ly o u t th e fir s t r o w :
T 2
1 T2
_ _
R R
2
R R R
V 1 1 2 1 V 1 2 R R ( I )
R R2 2 R 2 1 1
2
R e f e r r in g to s lid e 1 1 w e h a v e ; 2

R1 R 2
R1 R S e t I 2 = 0 ( a s in t h e d ia g r a m )
R1 2
R1 V
V 1 R
I 2 R2 2 V2 R 22 C a n b e v e r if ie d d ir e c tly
1 I
1 2
1 1 2 b y s o lv in g t h e c ir c u it
1 V1 R1 3R1R2 R2
2

R
R 2 2
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