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Pre Stressed Concrete Solved PDF
Pre Stressed Concrete Solved PDF
1. A Prescon cable, 18.00 m long is to be tensioned from one end to an initial prestressed
of 1040 MPa immediately after transfer. Assume that there is no slack in the cable, that
the shrinkage of concrete is 0.0002 at the time of transfer, and that the average
compression in concrete is 5.50 MPa along the length of tendon. E c = 26.2 GPa; Es = 200
GPa. Compute the length of shims required, neglecting any elastic shortening of the
shims and any friction along the tendon. Ans: 100.98mm
length of shims
Fig. 1 shortening of concrete
elongation of steel
Solution:
T = s elastic + c + c
shrinkage elastic = 93.6 + 3.6 + 3.78 = 100.98mm
Qi Qi
Solution:
Exact Method
Qo 516 x1040
fc = = = 8.575 MPa
Ac + ( n 1) As ( 200 x300 ) + ( 6 1) 516
1 G. P. Ancog
Prestressed Concrete Practice Problems
Approximate Method
Qo 516 x1040
fs = n = (6) = 53 .664 MPa
Ag 200 x300
Approximations introduced:
1. using gross area instead of net area
2. using initial stress in steel instead of the reduced stress
Solution
Exact Method
( n 1) As = (6 1)( 516 ) = 2580 mm 2
Ag = 200 x300 = 60000 mm 2
e = (300 / 2) 100 = 50 mm
Summing up moment at initial cgc:
AT y o = A1 y1 + A2 y 2
A1 y1 + A2 y 2 (200 x300 )( 0) + 2580 (50 )
yo = = = 2.06 mm
AT 60000 + 2580
c B = (300 / 2 y o ) = 147 .94 mm
cT = (300 / 2 + y o ) = 152 .06 mm
e = c B 100 = 47 .94 mm
Compute transformed section moment of inertia:
2 G. P. Ancog
Prestressed Concrete Practice Problems
1
IT = bh 3 + Ag ( y o ) 2 + (n 1) As y s
12
200 x300 3
= + 60000 ( 2.06 ) 2 + 2580 ( 47 .94 ) 2 = 4.562 x10 8 mm 4
12
Fiber stresses:
Qi Q ey 516 x1040 (516 x1040 )( 47 .94 ) y
f = i =
AT IT 60000 + 2580 4.562 x10 8
= 8.575 0.056393 y
Top fiber stress:
f T = 8.575 0.056393 (152 .06 ) = 0.00 MPa
Bottom fiber stress:
f B = 8.575 + 0.056393 (147 .94 ) = 16 .918 MPa
Approximate Method
Loss of prestress:
nQ i 6(516 x1040 )
f sL = = = 53 .664 MPa
Ag 60000
Net prestress:
f sn = f si f sL = 1040 53 .664 = 986 .336 MPa
Qnet = f sn As = 986 .336 (516 x10 3 = 508 .949 kN
Fiber stresses:
Qnet Q ey
f = net
Ag Ic
508 .949 x10 3 508 .949 x10 3 (50 ) y
=
60000 200 (300 ) 3
12
= 8.48248 0.0565498 y
Top fiber stress:
f T = 8.48248 0.0565498 (150 ) = 0.00 MPa
Bottom fiber stress:
f B = 8.48248 + 0.0565498 (150 ) = 16 .964 MPa
Approximation introduce:
1. using approximate values of reduced prestressed
2. using the gross area of concrete
4. A post-tensioned beam has a mid span cross-section with a duct of 50mm x 75mm to
house the wires. It is pretensioned with 516mm2 of steel to an initial stress of 1040
MPa. Immediately after transfer, the stress is reduced by 5% owing to anchorage loss
and elastic shortening of concrete. Compute the stresses in the concrete at transfer.
Ans: fT = 4.829 MPa, fB = +23.913 MPa
200
Fig. 4
yo
300
50x75
cgs cgs
75 75
Beam Section
Solution
3 G. P. Ancog
Prestressed Concrete Practice Problems
If eccentricity does not occur along one of the principal axes of the section, it is
necessary to further resolved the moment into two components along the two principal
axes.
Q Qe x y Qe y x
f =
A Ix Iy
4 G. P. Ancog
600
175
Mid span section
Prestressed Concrete Practice Problems
Solution
Section Properties:
Ag = bh = 300 x 600 = 180000 mm 2
1 1
Ig = bh 3 = (300 x 600 3 ) = 5.4 x10 9 mm 4
12 12
Initial condition
wL 2 4.4 x12 2
M = = = 79 .2 kN m
8 8
Final condition
M L = Pa = 45 ( 4.5) = 202 .5 kN m
wL 2 4.4(12 2 )
MD = = = 79 .2 kN m
8 8
Stresses:
Q Qey M T y
f =
Ag Ig Ig
5 G. P. Ancog
Prestressed Concrete Practice Problems
Note:
For pre-tensioned beam, steel is always bonded to the concrete before any external
moment is applied. Values of A, y and I should be computed on the basis of transformed
section. For approximation, gross area of concrete can be used in calculation.
For post-tensioned and bonded beams, for any load applied after the bonding has
taken place, transformed section should be used.
For post-tensioned unbonded beams, the net concrete section is the proper one for
all stress calculation.
45 kN
C
T
0.976 MPa
C = T, M = C = T
M M 281 .7 x10 6
= = = = 211 .8 mm
C T 1330 x10 3
= e = 211 .8 125 = 86 .8 mm
Stresses:
C Cy
f =
A I
1330 x10 3 1330 x10 3 (86 .8)( 300 )
=
180 x10 3 5.4 x10 9
= 7.389 6.413
6 G. P. Ancog
Prestressed Concrete Practice Problems
f My
= =
E Ec I
My
= dx
Ec I
1 My
ave =
L EcI
dx
wT = 11.00+4.40=15.40 kN/m
Section properties:
x
Parabolic moment diagram
y yo
Parabolic y diagram
Solution 1:
Moment at mid-span:
wL 2 15 .4(12 ) 2
Mo = = = 277 .2kN m
8 8
Moment at mid-span due to prestress:
7 G. P. Ancog
Prestressed Concrete Practice Problems
n My
L I
fs = dx
x 2
M = M o 1
L 2
x 2
y = y o 1
L 2
2
n L 2 x 2
fs =
LI L 2 M o y o 1 L 2 dx
L/2
nM o y o 2 x3 x5
= x +
LI 3 ( L 2 ) 2 5( L 2 ) 2 L 2
8 nM o y o 8
= = (15 .258 ) = 8.137 MPa
15 I 15
T s
8 G. P. Ancog
Prestressed Concrete Practice Problems
Solution
Ultimate moment
M u = As f su ( d a 2 )
= 1546 .875 ( 500 176 .34 2 ) x10 3 = 637 .05 kN m
Solution
Section properties:
A = 300 x 600 = 180 x10 3 mm 2
1
I = (300 )( 600 ) 3 = 5.4 x10 9 mm 4
12
600
c= = 300 mm
2
wL 2 4.4(6) 2
M = = = 79 .2 kN m
2 2
Q Qey My
f =
A I I
3
1560 x10 1560 x10 3 (125 )300 79 .2 x10 6 (300 )
=
180 x10 3 5.4 x10 9 5.4 x10 9
= 8.667 10 .833 4.4
f T = 8.667 10 .833 4.4 = 6.566 MPa
f B = 8.667 +10 .833 + 4.4 = 23 .9 MPa
9 G. P. Ancog
Prestressed Concrete Practice Problems
e = 50.77
Q 372.69
C
124.23
Triangular Stress Block
Locate center of pressure, C:
M = Qe
M 79 .2 x10 6
e= = = 50 .77 mm
Q 1560 x10 3
0 4.13
4.13
291.78 kN-m 74.34 kN-m 366.12 kN-m
10 G. P. Ancog
Prestressed Concrete Practice Problems
Solution
Section properties:
Prestress Q:
Q = As f s = 1562 .5(830 ) x10 3 = 1296 .8 kN
Q Qey My
fB = + =0
A I I
1296 .8 x10 3 1296 .8 x10 3 (125 )( 300 ) Mx 10 6 (300 )
0= +
180 x10 3 5.4 x10 9 5.4 x10 9
M = 291 .78 kN m
8M 8( 291 .78 )
w= 2 = = 16 .21 kN / m
L 12 2
Q Qey My
fT = +
A I I
3
1296 .8 x10 1296 .8 x10 3 (125 )( 300 ) 281 .78 x10 6 (300 )
= +
180 x10 3 5.4 x10 9 5.4 x10 9
= 13 .853 MPa
2. For cracking in the bottom fibers.
10. A concrete beam of 10m simple span is post-tensioned with a 750mm 2 of high tensile
steel to an initial prestress of 965 MPa immediately after prestressing. Compute the
initial deflection at the mid-span due to-3 prestress
Q = 965(750)x10 = 723.75 kNand the beams own weight assuming
Ec = 27.5 GPa. Estimate the deflection after 3 mos. Assuming creep coefficient of cc =
1.8 and an due
Moment effective prestress of 830 MPa at that time. If the beam carry a 45 kN
723.75x25
concentrated
to prestressload applied at mid-span when the beam is 3 mos. old after prestressing,
723.75x150
what is the deflection at mis-span? Ans: After 3 mos. = 0.5579mm upward; When 45
kN is added after 3 mos. = 14.407 mm downward.
wL2/8
Moment due
to beam weight
11 G. P. Ancog
PL/4
Moment due
to load P
Prestressed Concrete Practice Problems
Solution
Section properties:
The parabolic tendon with 150mm mid-ordinate is replaced by a uniform load acting
along the beam.
wP L2
Qh =
8
8Qh 8(723 .75 )(150 ) x10 3
wP = 2 = = 8.685 kN / m
L 10 2
12 G. P. Ancog
Prestressed Concrete Practice Problems
f 830
f = P s + DL ( c c ) = 14 .44 6.59(1.8) = 0.5579 mm , upward
f so 965
PL 3 45 (10 3 ) x10 12
LL = = = 14 .965 mm , downward
48 EI 48 (27 .5 x10 3 )( 2.278 x10 9 )
11.A double cantilever beam is to be designed so that its prestress will exactly balance the
total uniform load of 23.5 kN/m on the beam. Design the beam using the least amount
of prestressed assuming that the cgs must have a concrete protection of 75 mm. If a
concentrated load P = 65 kN is applied at the mid-span, compute the maximum top and
bottom fiber stresses. Ans: F = 1410 kN; fT = 14.934 MPa, fB = -2.40 MPa
13 G. P. Ancog
Prestressed Concrete Practice Problems
Solution
Section properties:
A = bh = 300 x 750 = 225 x10 3 mm 2
1 1
I = bh 3 = (300 )( 750 ) 3 = 1.0546875 x10 10 mm 4
12 12
In order to balance the load on the cantilever, the cgs at the tip must coincide with
the cgc with a horizontal tangent. To use the least amount of pretsress, the
eccentricity over the support should be a maximum. Assume a gross cover of 75mm,
emax = 750/2-75 = 300 mm.
65 kN
w = 23.5 kN/m
300
e h e
750
The prestress required:
6.00 m 15.00 m 6.00 m
wL 2 wL 2 23 .5(6 2 )
Qe = ;Q= = = 1410 kN
2 2e 2(300 x10 3 )
In order to balance the load at the mid-span, using the same prestress Q, the sag of
the parabola must be:
wL 2 wL 2 23 .5(15 2 )
Qh = ;h= = x10 3 = 468 .75 mm
8 8Q 8(1410 )
The result will be a concordant cable and under the action of the uniform load and
prestress, the beam will have no deflection any where and will only have a uniform
compressive stress.
Q 1410 x10 3
fc = = = 6.267 MPa
A 225 x10 3
PL 65 (15 )
M = = = 243 .75 kN m
4 4
12. A hollow member is reinforced with 4 wires of 62.5 mm 2 each pretensioned fsi = 1030
MPa. If fc = fci = 34.4 MPa, n = 7, determine the stresses when the wires are cut
between members. Determine the moment that can be carried at a maximum tension of
0.5(fc) and a maximum of fc = 0.45fc. If 240 MPa of the prestressed is lost (in addition
14 G. P. Ancog
Prestressed Concrete Practice Problems
to the elastic deformation) determine this limiting moment. Ans: when the wires are
cut, fs = 936.98 MPa; Limiting moment, MT = 9.665 kN-m
200
(n-1)As = (7-1)(62.5)
100 = 375 mm2
200
100
open
Transformed Section
Solution
Transformed section:
IT =
1
12
[ ]
200 4 100 4 + 4( n 1) As (70 2 ) = 1.3235 x10 8 mm 4
Initial prestressing force, Qi before transfer:
Qi 257 .5 x10 3
fc = = = 8.175 MPa
AT 31 .5 x10 3
f s = nf c = 7(8.175 ) = 57 .225 MPa
f c = 8.175 MPa
f so = f si nf c = 1030 57 .225 = 972 .775 MPa
15 G. P. Ancog
Prestressed Concrete Practice Problems
- =
70
f sn = f so nf cs = 972 .775 7 7.305 = 972 .775 35.7945 .1135
100
Top steel:
Bottom steel:
16 G. P. Ancog
Prestressed Concrete Practice Problems
- =
17 G. P. Ancog