Oral presentation

Introduction
Most oral presentations require the presenter to use a
combination of spoken words and visual aids in order to present an
idea or an explanation to a group of people
An individual can give an oral presentation alone or as part of a
group. A presenter might use some type of technology, such as a
slide show, video clip or audio portion..
 Purposes
An oral presentation is usually for a class, but the purpose
goes beyond that. A teacher might assign students to do an
oral presentation on a particular topic or set of topics, so
they can learn about something new and then teach that
new topic to their classmates, so everyone learns.
Oral presentations are effective teaching tools in this way
because they add variety to the classroom and allow
students the opportunity to teach one another instead of
always learning from the teacher
Oral presentation steps
Oral presentations typically involve three important steps:
1) planning, 2) practicing, and
3) presenting
Planning
Oral presentations require a good deal of planning. Scholars
estimate that approximately 50% of all mistakes in an oral
presentation actually occur in the planning stage (or rather, lack
of a planning stage).
In planning step address the following issues:
1. Essential preparation and planning
checklist.
 2. Other questions concerning physical
appearance
1. Who is the audience?
2. How many people will be there in the audience?
3. How big is the room?
4. What equipment is there in the room? What equipment do I need?
5. Are you going use black or white board? Have you got chalk or marker?
6. Do you need overhead or projector?
7. Where are you going to put your notes or papers?
8. Do you need adaptor or extension?
9. Can the information be seen?
10. Can you present the information and not get in the way?
11. Do you need a pointer?
12. Will you need to dim the lights or draw the curtains?
13. Are you going to need hand-outs or any other documents? How many? Do they
14. present a good image of you and your company?
15. Others
When? What time of day is it? What day is it? Will the audience be more or less
receptive when listening?
Other Am I dressed appropriately? Shoes polished? Are my hands and fingernails clean?
Practicing
Practicing your presentation is essential. It is at this stage of
the process that you figure out word and
phrase emphasis and the timing of your sections and overall
presentation.
How to do it?
Record your presentation and review it in order to know how
you sound and appear to your audience.
You may notice that you are pausing awkwardly, talking too
fast, or using distracting gestures
Practice in front of peers and elicit feedback. Ask your peers
to comment on your delivery and content.
Remember that the more you practice, the more comfortable
you will become with the material.
As a result of repeated practice, you will appear far more
skilful and professional while delivering your presentation.
Presenting
As the person in charge of the situation when presenting, it is your job to make
your audience feel comfortable and engaged with both you and the material of
the presentation.
Introduce yourself if needed, providing your affiliation and/or credibility.
Create an effective opening that will interest your audience: pose a
question, give an amazing fact, or tell a short, interesting story.
Reveal your topic to the audience and explain why it is important for them
to learn about.
Give a brief outline of the major points you will cover in your presentation.
 Structure of presenting
1. The beginning of the presentation.
A Get the audience's attention and signal the beginning.
Right, Well, OK Lets begin
Good, Fine, Great Can we start?
Shall we start? Let's get the ball rolling
Let's get down to business
2. Great the audience
Good morning Ladies and gentleman
Good afternoon Good evening

3. Introduce yourself
Good morning everyone, I'd like to start by introducing myself. My name is...
I am a student at the INT I am a doctoral candidate, I am X. Y. from 3 Com. I'm the manager of I am a
researcher from I've been working on the subject now for X years... I've had wide experience in the field
of ...
4. Give title and introduce subject
I. What exactly are you going to speak about?
II. Situate the subject in time and place, in relation to the audience and/or its importance.
III. Give a rough idea or a working definition of the subject.

I plan to speak about...

Today I'm going to talk about...
The subject of my presentation is...
The theme of my talk is...
I've been asked to give you an overview of...
5. Give your objectives
What I would like to do today is to explain to illustrate...
to give you the essential background information on...
to outline...
to have a look at...

6. Questions and comments from the audience.

You should also let the audience know at some point in the introduction when and whether they
may ask questions.
I'd ask you to save your questions for the end.
There will be plenty of time at the end of my speech for a discussion.
You may interrupt me at any moment to ask questions or make comments.
Please stop me if you don't understand any thing I say but could you keep any specific
questions until after I've finished
The end or conclusion
1 . Content
The end or the conclusion of your talk you should include four parts:
A brief reminder of what you tried to show in your speech
A short conclusion,
Thanks to the audience for listening,
And an invitation to ask questions, make comments or open a discussion

2. Dealing with difficult questions

1. Make sure you understand the question.
Ask them to repeat u the question to see if you understand
Repeat the question in your own words to check that you have understood if not, ask
the questioner to repeat
2. In answering: question later?
Delay the answer (ask for time and/or repeat the question) Just a minute please. What
is a...? Can I answer that
Some advices to be a good presenter
Maintain eye contact, Only look at notes or slides briefly, Sweep the room with
your gaze, pausing briefly on various people.
Be aware of your body posture.
Be enthusiastic about your topic.
Smile.
Slow down your speech. We naturally talk faster when we are nervous.
Include pauses to allow your listeners to keep up and time for you to think ahead.
Use gestures to emphasize points and move about the space possible
Calibrate the volume of your voice so that people in the back of the room can
hear you.
Avoid fillers, such as Ah, uh, I mean, like, okay, um.
Act as natural and relaxed as possible.
Dress appropriately
 VISUALS

What are visuals?

Graphs charts
maps photos
drawings images




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