]<gj]<]<j<^]<]

K

? ? ? ?
K

K
J
K


K
K
WEA F






KKK

KK










K : A


J
K J

K
J J

K
K

K
K
W
W

K
KJ
W

K

K

W
EF

W
J J

KK
W

K
W

K()

K

K

K

K

KK

K



Raw materials Products




Separation Separation
process process

Chemical
Reactor


By-Products


K A-



]<gj]<]<j<^]<]

W
W
EJ FJ
J
J
KW
KW

KW

W
W

--


K
W
K
K

E 3 FE FEFE F


KE F

K
K
cm cm = cm
W
m cm = ?
W
5 kg
4 N 5 m = 20 N.m = 0.5 kg/m3
10 m3

EF 12 m = 3
4m

(8
kg
) (2
m3
) = 16 kg/s

m3 s
W
K
.m/yr ft/min km/h
K

--


W

W



W m km

1000 m
(5 km) ( ) = 5000 m ( )
1km
K m/ km

W( )

km m
km

= m

km/yr cm/s

cm s h day m km
s
h day yr cm m

(3600 24 365) km
= = 9.95 109 km/yr 2
(10 10 )
2 3
yr 2

--


W
W
.
Z
Z Z Z W
KZZ
K
K

W
KKK
Km, (ft/min, lbm.ft/s, kg.m/s F

(SI) WJ



{m
L (liter) (Volume)
cm
kgm/s N (Newton)
(Force)
g.cm/s dyne (dyne)

N/m Pa (Pressure)
(Pascal)

Nm J (Joule)
(Energy, work)
J/s W (watt) (Power)

--


ESIF
J
WJ

kg

mol or g-mole

K



WJ

WJ

ft

lbm

lb-mole
o
R

--


WJ
WJ


n (nano)

(micro)

m (mili)

c (centi)
k (kilo)
M (mega)

G (giga)

T (tera)

(F =
kgm/sK a m F ma)
K(lbf)(N)lbft/sgcm/s

. m/s kg (N) K

. ft/s lbm (lbf) K

K
Z W
F = ma

--


kg m N
F Z Z N
s kgm/ s

lbf { lbmft/s W

lbm ft lbf
F Z Z { lbf
s { lbmft/ s

(N)(g)
WK(lbf)

W = mg
WJ

{ lbm/ft ft
.{ ft/s

m = V W

{ lbm ft
m = = { lbm
ft

W

--


W = mg
W

{ lbm { ft lbf
W =
= { lbf
s { ft/ s

W
K ? ?
({F
K
{
K
W

Z


lbmkgg Z
lbm/lb-molkg/kmolg/g-molZ

J
KE lbm/lbmolZF(NaOH) lbm
gmollbmol

lbmol

{ lbm NaOH lbmol NaOH
Z { lbmol NaOH
{ lbm NaOH
--


Wgmol

{ lbm NaOH lbmole NaOH gmol
Z { gmol NaOH
{ lbm NaOH lbmol

J
{ =galm/s gal/h

K m

W

gal { m h
Z { m
h gal s

J

W
Klbm g J
Kft L J
Klb/ft g/L J
Kkg/cm{ lbm/in J
Km/s mil/h J
Klbf/ft N/m J
Btu J.m J
KJ/s kW J

--


W
EF
Q 1lb m = 454 g

g lbm
= { lb
g

Q 1 ft 3 = 28.32 L

L ft
Z { ft
{ L

EF
g lbm { L

Z { lbm/ ft
L g ft

EF
Q 1in = 2.54 cm

{ lbm { kg in

= { kg/ cm
in lbm ({ cm)

EF
Q 1mil = 5280 ft

1m = 3.28 ft

mil ft m h
= { m/s
h mil { ft s

--


EF
Q 1 N =1kg.m / s 2

1lbm = 0.454 kg


N kg.m/s lbm m

Z { lbf / ft
m N { kg { ft { ft. lbm/s . lbf
EF
Q 1 Btu =1055 J

1m = 3.28 ft

J.m Btu { ft
Z = { Btu
J m

EF
Q 1 J = 2.773 10 7 kW .h

kW J h

= { J/s
{ kW.h s

J
L L = cm , in = { cm, ft = inW
K ft

ft ( in) ({ cm) L
Z { L
( ft) ( in) cm

J
US gal{ g/cm lbft
{ U.S gal. = ft
--


V = m/
lb g cm L ft

= { ft
lb { g cm { L


WUS gal
{ ft { U.S gal
Z { gal
ft

J
Klbm/ft{ g/cm
W

{ g lbm cm { L

Z { lbm/ ft
cm g L ft

J
Kmil/h ft/s
W
ft mil ( s)

= mil/ h
s ft h

J
Kgal/minL/h

W

--


L { in gal h
= { gal/min
h L in min
J
Kkg/(m.s) lbm/(ft.min)
W

lbm { kg ft min

= { kg/(m.s)
ft .min lbm ({ m) s
J
JW mil/h ton
KLatmWshpslbfft ergs
W

Zmv
W
W

ton kg
= kg
ton
W

mil ft { m h
= { mil/s
h mil ft s

W
Z kg({ mil/s) = { kgmil/s
={ J

--


{ J erg
Z { erg
J


{ J { lbf.ft
= { lbf.ft
J

{ J {
hp.s
= { hp.s
J

{ J W.s
Z { W.s
J

{ J L.atm
Z { L.atm
{ J

J
W

= + a.T

W
Tlbm/ft=
Tlbm/ft=

o
F a

--


Klbm/ft
lbm/ft = a.TW
WaoF
lbm/(oF .ft)

J
W??
Re = D.u./
W
WD
W
Wu
W
m/skg/mmW

W
= D.u./Re

m m kg
Z kg/ s .m
s m

J
. Btu/(h.ft.oF)k
Kcal/(s.m. oC)W
W
Btu = cal
ft = { m
--


h = s
oF = L oC
W
Btu cal h ft oF
o = { cal/(s.m. oC)
h.ft. oF Btu s { m L C

J
W
h= Cp. G{/D{ ( )

W
Btu/(lb.oF) : (CpF
in : (DF
lb/( ft.s) : (G)
Btu/(h.ft.oF) : (h)

W( )
h = x Cp G{D{ ( )

W
kcal/(kg.oC) : (CpFW
cm : (D)W
kg/(m.s) : (G)W
kcal/(h.m.oC) : (h)W

W
kcal = { Btu

--


m = { ft
cm = { in
kg = { lbm

W

--


W

Btu kcal { lb L oF
o Z kcal/(kg.oC)
lb oF { Btu kg C

Cp = C pW

W
lbm kg ft

Z { kg/(m.s)
ft .s { lbm { m

W

G = { G

G{ = { G{

W
in { cm
= { cm
in
W
D = { D

D{= { D{

W

Btu kcal ft L oF
o o = { kcal/(h.m.oC)
h.ft . F { Btu { m C
W
h= { h

--


W ( )
{ h = Cp({)G{/({ D{)

h = { CpG{/D{
J
KEHOFENaClFEsolutionF
kg NaCl/kg HO K
EF.
K

W
W kg K
xW
yW
(x)/(x+y) = { W
W
x = ({L{)y = { y
x/y = { kg NaCl/kg HO

K
kgZ
kg = { kg - kgZ
kgZ kg NaClH kg HOZ
= ( kg/ kg) Z

K
kg HOZ{ kg HOZ %

--


J
K %ZK
K kgZ
K
K

K
Km
{ mZW
{ { mW
kgZ{ { mW
W
m = /({ {) = kg

kgZ { { W
kgZ{ m W
kgZ - W
K
{ = (\) W

J
K(NaCl)
W
K
K

--


K
m m
{ mW
{ mW
{ m = { mW
W
(m - m)/m = - m/m= { = %
W
(m - m)/{m = {( - m/mF= { = { %
W J
(m - m)/ m = ( - m/m) = { = %
J
LF
KE
=

{ kg = (\) W m
{ kg = (\) W m
{ kg = { { W m
{ kg = . - { W m
{ kg/hW
J
(D = in)ERe = Du/FJ
Fu = ft/s
K
= { cp , = { kg/mW
KS.Ifps

--


W


in ft
= { ft
in

ft
= ft/h
s hr


{ g lb ({ cm)

= { lb/ft
cm g ft

{ cp { lb/(ft. h)
= { lb/(ft.h)
cp

{ ft ft { lb
=
{ lb/(ft.h) h ft

S.IJ

--


in {
= { ft
in

ft {
= { m/s
s ft


{ g kg cm

= kg/m
cm g m

{ cp { N.s/m
= { N.s/m
cp



{ m { m kg

=
{ N.s/m s m

--


K{ in in J
W J
ft/s mi/hr K
kg/m lb/in K

m/s cm/hr K
gal/min L/hr K
kg/(m.s) lb/(ft.min) K
lb mole HO g HO K

lb/ft { psi K
K C K
lb kg K

U.S
L J
K{ ingal/min
WColburn J
(h/Cp.G) (Cp /k)L = {/( D.G/ ){
W
Btu/(lb F) : Cp
lb/(h.ft) :
Btu/(h. ft. F) :k
ft :D
lb/(h.ft) :G
h

--


W J
{ ft = { L K
m = { ft K

g cm/s (dyn) = {
lbm.ft/s K

lbf = { N K

g cm/s (dyn) = {
lbf K
psia = lbf/in K
lbf/ft = { dyn/cm = { N/m K
mm Hg ( C) ={{ N/m = { kPa K
hp = ft.lb/s K
hp = { Btu/s K
J/s = W K
J = N.m = kg.m/s K

ft.lbf = { J K

ft.lbf/lbm = { J/kgK

Btu/(h.ft. F) = { cal/(s.cm. C)K

Btu/(h.ft. F) = { W/( m. K) K


Btu/(h.ft. F) = { cal/(s.cm. C) K

kcal/(h.m. F) = { Btu/(h.ft. F) K

cp = Pa.s = kg/(m.s) = N.s/m K

cp = { lbf.s/ft cm/s = { ft/h K

cm/s = - m/s K
m/h = { ft/h K

g/(s.cm) = { lbm/(h.ft) K
g mol/(s.cm) = { lb mol/(h.ft) K
Btu/(h.ft) = { W/m K

--


cal/h = { W K
Btu/(lbm. F) = { kJ/(kg.K) K
ft.lbf/lbm = { J/kg K

cal/(g. C) = { kJ/(kg.K) K
kcal/(g.mol) = { kJ/(kgmol) K



cm/s = m/s K



ft/h = { m/s K



K J
(atm)EkN/mF(in HO) mm Hg

K psi (CO) J
in Hg
W in HO J
mm HO J
Pa Ka
mm HgW

{ in Hg J
{ psia
ft mmcm J
W{ g/cm J
lb/ft J

kg/m J
oC{ L{ g/cm J
K g
(%) J
ftlb J

--


(%)J

. F J
K, C

W F F J
K, R J
K, RJ
K FK, R J

--


W J
T(F) = [ T(C) + { ( J (C))] J
T(F) = [ T(C) - { ( T(C))] + J


lbf/in F mil J
K{ F

--

]<gj]<]<j<^]<]

W
FJ
E
KJ

KW

KW

KW

- -


DensityEF
K
m
= (2 1)
V
kg/m , g/cm , bm/ft

WECF


kg/m
(SI)
{ g/cm
{ bm/ft


KW K
KW K
KW K

Specific Gravity (S.G)

EAF EF
KEreferenceF

S .G . = (2 2)
ref

(S.G.)
KK
K
K

- -


J
{
K

A
S.G. =
H O
2

A = S. G. H O
2

kg kg
A =1.57 (1000 3
) =1570 3
m m
g g
A =1.57 (1 3
) =1.57 3
cm cm
lb lb
A =1.57 (62.4 m3 ) = 97.9 m3
ft ft

Specific Volume (S.V.)

W(S.V. = /)
ft/bm, cm/g, m/kg
J
KJ


=

- -


1 m3
S.V. = = 6.369 10 4
kg kg
1570
m3
1 cm 3
S.V. = = 0.6369
kg g
1.570
m3
1 ft 3
S.V. = = 0.0102
lb lb m
97.9 m3
ft

(y B(x kg)ABA
(MB kg/mol) (MA kg/mol)B A Kkg)
BAKK(V m)
K VB VA ,,

Weight (%)EF

A (%)
Z
EBHAF A

KE
F
K

Volume (%)EF

W
- -


A (%)
Z
EBHAF A

K
K
K
K
W

( ) VA + VB + . = V

KK

J
oC{ ft kg
W
V (T) = V0 (1+ 0.18182103 T + 0.0078106 T 2 ) (2 - 4)

. oC K

- -


{ in K
K oCoC

( ) K

V (100o C) = V0 (1+ 0.18182103 (100) + 0.0078106 (100)2 ) (2 - 5)

- -


V (20o C) = 0.560 ft3 = V0 (1+ 0.18182103 (20) + 0.0078106 (20)2 ) (2 - 6)

V (100o C) = 0.568 ft3 (2 - 7)

W K
2
V = D H (2 8)
4

W
KWD
KWH
o o
H (100o C) H (20o C) = V (100 C) V (20 C) (2 - 9)
D2
4
D = ({L) ft
= { ft

Mass and Mole Fractions

K(streams)

(mole fraction, yi)(mass fraction, xi)
W
lbm A Kg A A A
E F E F Z
lbm total Kg total EF (xA)

- -


lb mol A kmol A A A
E F E F Z
lb mol total kmol total EF (yA)

yAxA
KEF

Mass and Volumetric Flow Rate

K

K
(volumetric flow rate) (mass flow rate)

m (kg/h )


V (kg/h )

W

(m) (m)
Z Z ()
(V) (V)

K(Orifice meter)(Rotameter)

- -


() ()

EF EFWJ

J
(xA = {)A
WK(yB = {)B
K kg A K
K lbm/hA K
K mol/minB K
K kmol B/sB K
KA lbm K

K
kg { kg A
Z kg A
kg

- -


lbm { lbm A { lbm A

Z
h lbm h

mol { mol B mol B

Z
min mol min

kmol B kmol kmol

Z
s { kmol B s

lbm A lbm
Z lbm
{ lbm A

W

K
KK

K
.{

J
{kg {kg
K K(NaOH)

- -


xBxA
KyByA
W

5 kg A
xA = = 0.5
(5 kg A + 5 kg B)
5 kg B
x = = 0.5
B (5 kg A + 5 kg B)
W
LZEH FZ(HO)
LZEHH FZ(NaOH)

kg
{ mol Z Z
kg/mol

kg
{ mol Z Z
kg/mol

{ mol A { mol
Z Z
total mol { total mol (yA)

{mol A { mol
total mol Z Z
{ total mol
(yB)

K{
Z{H{
K{
Z{H{
- -


J
(xA)
K{

yBW
mA
mB
mT
xA
yBZE{J FZ{
mAZ( kg/mol) {Z{kg
mBZ( kg/mol) {Z{kg
mTZ{ + { Z{kg
A x Z{L{ Z { kg

(Concentration)

WK

g/cm, kg/L, lbm/ft

(gal)(ft)(L)
WK(m)
KL
KL
KL
KL
KL
- -


KL

KK
(parts per
ppmKmillionppm)
K
W
KELFJ (Molarity)
KELFJ (Normality)
KELFJ (Molality)

- -


J
kg/m(NaCl)

W kg/m C
K K
K K
K K
K K

mW
:mW
(NaCl):m
:m
(NaCl):n
:n
NaCl: Mw
W
kg Z ( kg/m) ( m) Z V Z (m)

- -


W
m = kg
W
kg m NaCl
,kmol Z Z Z
{ kg/kmol Mw (n)

kg Z Z (m)

kg
kmol Z Z
{ kg/kmol (n)

{ kmol Z , + , Z

K
kg NaCl
Z Z
kg NaCl

kg HO
Z Z
kg

K
kg/m C

kg

- -


kg
{ m Z Z
kg /m


% Z m { m Z


K
kmol HO
{ % Z Z
{ total mole

{ kmol NaCl
{ Z Z
{ total mole NaCl

K

{ kmol NaCl kg HO
Z { kmol NaCl Z
kg HO kg HO

J
%(Specific Gravity, S.G) F
K{EHSOF
lb mole/U.S gal .

lb/ft .
g/L K
W
KHO lbHSO lb % lb K

- -


W

Z EF



Z
()



Z


lb lb lb lb
= + +( F =
HSO lbmol lbmol lbmol lbmol


lb lb
= = { lbmol
lbmol

{ lb/ftZoC()
W


=
(S.G) oC

- -


o
= ( CF
(S.G)

= { { lb/ft = { lb/ft

lb solution { gal
= { gal
{ lb/ft ft

W
{ lbmol
EF = Z { lbmol/gal
{ gal

.
{ lbmol { lb HSO { gal
HSO Z { lb HSO/ft
gal lb mol HSO ft

.
{ lb HSO g ft Z { g HSO/L
- -


ft lb { L
(Temperature)
K

W
Thermocouple K
K

Thermister K
K

- -


Pyrometer K
K

K
CelsiusoFFahrenheit
KoC

K
F F
K

KKelvin
WKoRRankine

T(K) = T(oC) + {
T(oR) = T(oF) + {
T(oR) = {T(K)
T(oF) = {T(oC) +
W

{ oC { oR oF oC
, , ,
oC K oR K

- -


W C
K K

F K

R K

T(K) = T(oC) + {
T(oR) = + { =
T(oR) = { K
T(oF) = {T(oC) +
T(oF) = { (oC) + =
T(oF) = oF
T(oR) = {T(K)
T(oR) = { ({K)
T(oR) = { R

(Pressure)
W(P)
P = F/A ( )

WAtmospheric Pressure K
K
W Barometric Pressure
K
K
WAbsolute Pressure K
K(vacuum)

- -


EF WGauge Pressure K
KEF
:J K
KEF
W
N/m, dynes/cm, lbf/in, psi, pascal, ft HO, atm, bar, mmHg

Fluid Pressure Measurement

(Bourdon gauge) K
KC
K
K

K(gauge pressure)

Manometer K
manometer FU
KEfluid
K

- -


Open-end Manometer K

K(atmospheric pressure)

WJ

Seal-end Manometer K

K(vacuum)

Differential Manometer K

K

WJ

K
E F

K
EJ F
K

K(Vacuum)

- -


K
K
Hydrostatic F
Ebalance
K

( Vacuum )
K

K
W
EF+=
Pabsolute = Pgauge + Patm ( )

F
KE

- -


K
KK
mmHg{ psi
E F
C
K

K
W
P + gd = P + gd + fgh ( )

WJ
= = f ( )

P - P = ( f - ) gh ( )


gd
W
P - P = f gh ( )

W
P - P = h ( )

- -


J
(S.G.)K

K{

KK
W
h = (- ) mm = mm
P - P = ( f - ) gh
= ({ {) {
= { dynes /cm
J

inHg in
K inHg

P - Patm = inHg
P = Patm + Pgaug
= - = inHg

- -


W K
bmbf
Nkg
tondyne

m m mK
bf bm/ft

{bm/ftK
kg ft C
K K
K
W
O = %
CO = { %
CO = %
N = %
K

W K

R F
K C

C F
F C

- -


WK K

BAP - P
hhC
C BA
h kPaP{
kPaP cmh cm

- -


K K
mmHg
. bammHg

- -

]<gj]<]<j<^]<]

W
J
J
K

- -


(Mass Balances)

W .(System)EF
(Product or E F(Feed or input)
F(Accumulation)EFoutput)
E F(System boundaries)E
KJ


(Recycle)




(Input) (Output)

System Boundaries

(Mixing point)
(Splitting point)
(System)
WJ

(Splitting point)

(System)

WJ

- -


(flowchart)
KJ
(Design)
A
K (Optimizing)
KBA g g
J
(Stack gases)J (S) kg
J
K kg
F
KE
W

K J
KJ (Isolated System)J J

- -


W
W(Batch Process)
(Feed)
KJ (Product)
K

K

KEFEFWJ

KEFEFWJ

W(Continuous Process)

KKJ

- -


KWWJ
W(Semibatch)
K

EFWJ
KEF

EFWJ
KEF

- -


KEFEFWJ

W(Steady-state)
E
F
K
W(Transient)
F
(Unsteady-state)E
K(Start-up)

(The General Balance Equation)

(System)
W
(Chemical Reactor)m(lbm/min) A
m
m m(lbm/min)
Wm m
K K
.mm K
K A K
KA K

m (lbm/min) m (lbm/min)

- -


K
W

() J H Z





W()(Steady-state)

() Z

K()

WJ
({)({)

({)({)
K
W
KA

{ { { { X
() + - Z
(A/yr) (A/yr) (A/yr) (A/yr) (A/yr)
W
X= { A/yr

K{

- -


W
W
K
K
F K
(Output)(Input)(Stream)E
K(Recycle)
K(Basis) K
(Unit)EBoundariesF K
(Splitting point)(Mixing point)
K(Overall process)
K K
(Independent equations)
K

K(Unknowns)


WJ
(P) (B)
K(Distillation column)(stream)K(H)
(B) J kg/hJ
.(H)(P)
K
K

- -


J
K

J
KJ (flowchart)

J
WJ
W
NaCl= %, NaBr= {, MgCl= , HO= { %.
NaCl %
W kgK
KNaCl J
KMgCl J

KNaBr J

- -


KHO J

KENaClF J
K J
J


HO

kg


NaCl= NaCl =
NaBr={

MgCl=

HO=
KJ KWJ

W
kgZ { WNaCl K
kg Z{ WNaCl
kgZ - WNaCl
kgZ + WNaClW
kgZ { W
kgZ { WMgCl K
{ kgZ { WNaBr K
{ kgZ (HH{) WHO K
kgZ + + WEHNaClHF K
kg = { - {W K
{ %= (L{) W
W K
NaCl = kg
MgCl = kg

- -


NaBr = { Kg
WJ
KETFEBF( kg/h)
kg/h
(steady-state) kg/h
K
kg B/h
kg B/h m (kg T/h)
kg T/h
Distillation column
kg T/h
m (kg B/h)

KJ WJ

W
(output)Z(input)
WK
kg B/h= kg B/h + m

m= kg B/h

WK
kg T/h = m H kg T/h

m= kg T/h

kg/h = ( + m + m + kg/h)

kg/h= kg/h

- -


WJ
kg
K


m



EtOH
EtOH
HO m m
HO
m


EtOH
HO
KJ WJ
W
K
m = kg/hWEfeedF W

Z W
= m + m W K
{ = { m + { mWEtOH K
{ = { m + { m WHO K

WEFEFmm
W
m ={ kg/h
m = { kg/h
m/m = { kg/kg feed
m/m = { kg/kg feed
m/m = {

WJ

- -


K(T) %(B) %
(the (B) (the overhead product)
K(T)bottom product)
lbm/h
lbm/h
.

lbm/h


lbm/h m
B B
T
m m
T
m

B
T

KJ WJ

W
lbm/h W
m , m, mW W
W
W K
m = m + m
WEF K
m + m = + m
m- m =
WEF K
lbm/hZ { m - { m = ({ ) lbm/h ({ ) lbm/h
m = { lbm/h

- -


m = { lbm/h
m = { lbm/h
m/m = {
WJ

KEm, m, m, m)
HO
(A) m

kg/h
KNO

KNO m m
lb
KNO /lb

(B)
m

HO +

KJ WJ
W
{ l(m)
({ lb Flb b KNO
WKNO
0 .6
0.375 = = xKNO3
1.6
1
0.625 = = xH 2 O
1.6
Wm m
EA) K
() = m + m
- -


WKNO K
() { = { m
W()()
lb/hZmW
lb/hZm
W(B)m
() m = m + m
WKNO
() { m = { m + { m
W()()
m = lb/hW
m = lb/h
WJ
(i-CH)
KK(n-CH)

i-CH
m




m

m n-CH
n-CH
m

i-CH

m m
n-CH
i-CH


KJ WJ

- -


W
m= kg/h W
WEF
() kg/h = m + m
Wn-CH
() { ( kg/h) = { (m)
W
m = kg/h
m = kg/h
WEF
() mZm + kg/h
Wn-C H
() { (m) = m
W
m = kg/h
m = kg/h
m = kg/h

WJ
HSO(HSO) %
K % %
W
m
HSO m
HSO
mixer
m
HSO

KJ WJ

- -


HSO g/minW

W mmW
WEF K
() = m + m
W K
() ({ )g/min + { (m) = { (m)

W()()
m = { g/min
m = { g/min

WJ
{ %
K lb
W
W



m (lbm)


lbm


m (lbm)

KJ WJ

K lb W
Kmm

- -


W
WEF K
() m + m = lbm
W K
() { (m) = { lbm
W()()
m= { lbm
m = { lbm

WJ
Kmm


m (g)



m (g)

KJ WJ

W
K g/s W
(m, m)
WK
() m + m = g/s
WK
() { m + m = ({ g/s)
W()()
m = { g/s
m ={ g/s

- -


WJ
C Ba(NO) lb
K{ g/g HO C
CBa(NO) K
C
CBa(NO) K

C %C
CBa(NO) K

%C
%

W
Ba(NO) lb W
K Ba(NO)
Elb/ lb HOF ECF
{
{
W lb K
() (L{) = { lb HO
W C{ lb
() { ({L) = { lb
W
() - { = { lb
K C % K
() { { = { lb
W C{ lb
() { ({L) = lb
W
- -


() - = lb

W K
() { { = lb
W
() { { + = lb
(Recycle)
F
WE
AB
AA
AK
KA(recycle)
W
(Recovery of catalyst) K

K
(Dilution of a process stream) K
-(Filter)
(a suspension of solid in a liquid)
K
K(filtrate)
(Control of a process variable) K

J

- -


Recycle


Reactor Separation



WJ
mole% (CHO) mole%
WEJ F
1
C2 H 4O + O 2 C2 H 4O 2 (23)
2

5
C 2 H 4 O + O 2 2 CO 2 + 2 H 2 (24)
2
K (CHO)
K
(multiple-unit separation process)
W

(CO)
WK

- -


K(flowchart)(label)
K
K
K
K

KJ WJ

W
WEJ F K

KJ WJ

- -


KW K
F K
WEJ FE

KJ WJ

2n1 = n6 + 2n5 (25)
n1 + n9 = 0.8100 (26)
2 0.8100 = 2n4 + 2n5 + n6 (27)
n4 = n8 + n9 (28)
n1 + 2 n2 = 2 n5 + n7 + 2 n6 + n8 (29)
100 (0.8 + 0.2 2) = n4 + 2 n5 + 2 n6 + n7 (30)
4 0.8100 = 4 n4 + 4 n5 + 2 n7 (31)
n9 = 0.84 n4 (32)
n4 = 0.8100 (1 0.4) (33)
4 n1 = 4 n5 + 2 n7 + 4 n8 (34)
n2 = 0.2 n5 100 (35)
WJ
n = { mol
n = mol
n = mol
n = mol
- -


n = { mol
n = { mol
n = mol
n = mol

WJ

KJ WJ

B J
D J

J


lb/h W

- -


WDB
() B + D = lb/h

() { B + D = { lb/h

W ()()
B = lb
D = lb
WRC
() + R = C
() { + { R = { C
C = lb J

R = lb
J
KRP

KJ WJ

HO KCl NaCl
{ { { F
{ { { P
{ { { R
- -


kg/hWW
W
W J
{ = kg/h = W
J
{ = kg/h = N
W J
{ = kg/h = K
WRP
W J
P=R+K=R+
W J
({) P = ({) R
W
P = kg/h
R = Kg/h

WJ
WJ
E FF J
EFFJ
K J


n

n
n n n
Condenser
oF
Pw =
o
psia
- F-
Pw =



KJ WJ

EpsiaF EFF
{
{

{ psiaW

moleW
KJ
J
K

J
{ mole HO lb HO mole dry air
({- {) mole dry
mole HO lb dry air
air
= { lb HO/lb dry air

J
{ mole HO lb HO mole dry air
({- {) mole dry
mole HO lb dry air
air
= { lb HO/ lb dry air

- -


E mole HOLmole dry airFynJ

WJ
n( - y) = n( - y)
W
n = { mole air
W
n = mole
y = { mole HO/ mole dry air
y = { mole HO/ mole dry air
EFJ
n = n + n
ny = n y+ ny
W
y = y = { mole HO/ mole dry air
y = { mole HO/ mole dry air
y = { mole HO/ mole dry air
W
n = { mole air
n = { mole air
n/n = {

- -


?? J

- David M. Himmelblau, "Basic Principles and Calculation in Chemical
Engineering",, th Edt. Printice Hall International Series, , USA
- Nicholas P. Chopey, "Handbook of Chemical Engineering Calculations",
nd Edt., , McGraw-Hill International Editions, USA
- Olaf. A. Hougen, Kenneth M.Warson and Roland A. Ragatz, chemical
Process Principles, Material and Energy Balances, , Wiley & Sons,
USA
- Reid R.C, Prausnitz J.M, Sherwood T.K, The Properties of Gases and
Liquids, th Edt. , McGraw-Hill International Editions, , USA
- Perry R.H, Chilton C.H, Chemical Engineers Handbook, th Edt.,
McGraw-Hill International Editions,, USA
- Richard M. Felder, Ronald W. Rousseau, Elementary Principles of
Chemical Processes, rd Edt., J. Wiley & Sons, , USA
- Glyn J. Advanced Modern Engineering Mathematics, nd Edt. Addison-
Wesley, , USA

- -


EF

GOTEVOT appreciates the financial support provided by BAE SYSTEMS