Downstream PDF

FRESHHH2017
part
DOWNSTREAM
Game
Rules
WelcometotheDownstream
Simulation
part
of
Freshhh2017
Programme!
Game
concept
The Freshhh2017 programmes DOWNSTREAM part is a turn-based strategic game aiming to

give an overview of how an integrated oil company operates. You are the managers of the
downstream division of a well-established oil company, the Freshhhian Oil Company with a
diversified downstream portfolio continuously seeking new opportunities to improve
profitability. Your aim is to prove that you are the best managers by making the right
decisions to operate and expand your refinery and petchem in an optimal way. Your goal is
to generate maximum amount of cash at the end of the game. Read this game rules and
enjoy your game! Play hard and work hard, and do not ever forget: Be the energy of positive
change!
Timing
Contestants are going to play for 15 turns. 1 turn in the game means 24 hours in the real
world, so every 24 hours at 12:00 (GMT), there is going to be a turn change. The results of
the actual round, financial accounting and the effects of decision-making are only shown
when
a
turnchangeoccurs.
Basic
informationandfinancing
This is a short story briefing about Freshhhia. The map shows Freshhhia and its neighbouring
countries: Mountain Land, Greenergy, the Freshhhland Isles, and Oildorado. Your country is
Freshhhia and the Freshhhian Oil Refinery is located in the Southern region of the country,
close
to
Captown,thecapital.
Freshhhiaandtheneighbouringcountries
Freshhhia has coal in the Northern mountains, but there are no significant oil fields, so crude
oil is purchased from the Freshhhland Isles (FCB Freshhh Crude Blend) and Oildorado (ODS
Oildorado Spirit). You are the managers of the downstream division of Freshhhian Oil
Company. Your aim is to prove that you are the best managers by generating maximum
amount of cash at the end of the game. During the game you are going to get some news as
a
guideline
tosupportyourdecisions.Sopleasefollowthenewstostayupdated!
2
Newscanbefoundonthedashboard
Please note that all product prices and costs are used fictitiously, any resemblance to actual
events
is
coincidental.
You start the game in 2017 with 3000 million Freshhh Dollar (MMF$) of cash at hand and
your main source of income is the operation of your refinery. Additionally you have a
revolving credit of 5000 MMF$ total at 10% interest rate. You can use this credit option to
finance 60% of your feedstock and Capital Expenditure (CAPEX) investments. In case of
CAPEX type investments the total amount of credit is taken up in the first year of
construction, so its distribution is not uniform during the years of building. There are other
expenses such as Operational Expenditure (OPEX) which is covered from the amount of cash
generated at the turn change when income from products flows in. If the cash generated is
not enough to cover all your expenses, extra credit is taken automatically with the interest
rate
of
30%(penaltyinterest).
/NOTE!
Every
screenshotsandfiguresinthe
GameRulesareonlysamples.Actualviewisalwaysintheonline
game
only./
3
The
RefineryandPetchem
The refinery will be operable from the beginning of the game. Gasoline and diesel product
lines
have
alreadybeenbuilt.
The
followingunitsareoperational:
CrudeDistillationUnit(CDU)
LightNaphthaHydrotreater(LNHT)
HeavyNaphthaHydrotreater
(HNHT)
LightNaphthaIsomerisation(LNI)
CCRReformerUnit
Gas
OilHydrotreater(GOHT)
The refinery uses two types of crude which are bought from the market. The type of crude
and utilization rate can be set by adjusting the imported crude amounts, however, there
have been only recent test runs in the refinery concerning the usage of Freshhh Crude Blend
(FCB), thus the operation of assets are only optimized for modes when specific ratios of the
4
two crudes are processed. Due to the limitations of technological processes, the annual
refinery
utilizationratecannotbelessthan60%.
LocationofProducts&Capacitydashboard
Productsofcrudedistillationunit
5
Playing
thegame
In
each
turnyouhavetomakedecisionstooptimizetheoperationofyourrefinery.
Your
challengesarethefollowing:
choose the type of crude or their ratio in case of processing both types (Freshhh
CrudeBlend(FCB)andOildoradoSpirit(ODS)).
alterthepathofdifferentrefinerystreamsbysplitters(S1-S6,B1-B6,P1-P3)
Structureofsplitters
choosecatalystforHDS/MHC
Unit(seelater)
choosecatalystforFCCUnit(seelater)
importcrudeandpaybackcreditatHQ(seelater)
constructnewunits(seebelow)
storefuels(seelater)
Along the way, you can construct new facilities to keep up the competitiveness of your
company and to fulfill the environmental regulations and product qualities. Not all
6
technologies are available from the start. You can see your construction opportunities in the
following
table:
Unit from 2017 from 2019 from 2020 from 2022
HDS/MHC-FCC available available available available
not
HDS/MHC-FCC Revamp available available available
available
not
DCU available available available
available
not not
HPP available available
available available
not not
Claus Unit available available
available available
BBU available available available available
not not not

Steam Cracker (Petchem) available
available available available
Unitavailabilityforconstruction
You can reach the Construction panel by clicking on Development Refinery. You can make
decisions
aboutthenecessarydevelopmentshere.
LocationofDevelopmentRefinerypanel
7
FlowsheetofRefineryincludingthedevelopmentopportunities
Utilities
The operation of the refinery and petchem consumes certain utilities that are calculated
proportional to the feed (except for Steam Cracker (see later)). All utilities can be bought
from the market, but some of them can be also produced. If excess is produced it cannot be
sold.
Fuel gas/Natural gas: to produce the energy consumed in the process of heating up the
materials to the required temperature fuel gas or natural gas is burnt in furnaces. Some units
produce fuel gas but that may only be occasionally sufficient for the refinery. The amount of
fuel gas not covered by production is bought from the market as natural gas. Natural gas and
fuel gas are the feed of the Hydrogen Plant. The heating value is the same for the produced
8
fuel gas from all refinery units and the natural gas: 50 GJ/t. If more fuel gas is produced in
the
refineryunitsthanconsumed,theexcessfuelgasisburntontherefineryflares.
Electricity: mainly intended to propel the pumps and move the feed and products, but used
also
for
lightandforsupplyingcontrolsystems.
Cooling
water:usedincoolingprocessesforcondensationandtemperaturecontrol.
Steam: used for technological processes, heating and stripping. Some units produce more
steam than the necessary amount for operation. It is indicated by a negative value in steam
consumption. If a unit produces steam, the excess steam is redirected to other units for
usage, but it cannot be sold on the market. If the amount of produced steam is not
sufficient,
thenecessaryamountisboughtfromthemarket.
Hydrogen: Hydrogen is used in hydrotreater and isomerisation units. The price of the
hydrogen varies in time. Hydrogen can be produced or bought from the market. In the first
part of the game external hydrogen is purchased for 5000 F$/t, but the hydrogen price can
be increased dramatically to 20000 F$/t. Follow the news to stay updated! In case more
hydrogen is produced in Reformer Unit than needed for refinery processes, the excess of
hydrogen
isburntontherefineryflares.
Catalyst
: As a simplification, catalyst expenses are calculated as utility, except the HDS/MHC
unit
(see
ChapterHDS/MHCUnit).Catalystpriceisspecifiedforeachunit.
UTILITY (UOM) Price

Fuel gas (F$/GJ) 10.5
Electricity (F$/MWh) 87
Cooling water (F$/1000 m )3
97
Steam (F$/GJ) 12.6
Utilityprices
Consumed hydrogen is not calculated in the feed, but it appears in the product. That is why
hydrogen
consumingunitshaveanoverallyieldover100%.
9
Crude
DistillationUnit(CDU)
The first step in a refinery is the distillation of crude into different fractions. Lighter
compounds are separated in the predistillation and main (atmospheric) distillation columns.
Heavy compounds have to be distilled in a vacuum distillation column. The products of CDU
are further processed in different refinery units. The maximum capacity of the CDU is 10000
kt/year. We would like to put emphasis on the fact that Fuel gas is used by the refinery for
heating, and it is not shown in the final product summary (the final balance may lack a few
kt-s
of
product).Asyoucanseethere
aretwotypesofcrudesthatcanbeprocessed.
Crude properties FCB ODS
API gravity () 31.32 29.95
Sulphur content (wt%) 1.45 1.45
Watson factor 12 13
Mainpropertiesofavailablecrudeoils
The
yields
incaseofprocessingpureandmixedcrudesaregiveninthetablebelow.
10
FCB
30-70 % 50-50 % 70-30 % ODS Yield
Product Yield Product destination
(wt%) (wt%) (wt%) (wt%)
(wt%)
Fuel gas 0.34 0.38 0.40 0.47 0.52 Used for heating
LPG 0.99 1.13 1.22 1.31 1.44 For sale
Light To LNHT or for sale
5.51 5.61 5.67 5.73 5.83
naphtha as Virgin naphtha
Medium To HNHT or for sale
1.64 1.56 1.51 1.46 1.38
Heavy To HNHT or for sale
8.88 8.49 8.24 7.98 7.59
Kerosene 7.53 7.17 6.93 6.68 6.32 For sale
Light
To GOHT or for sale
atmospheri 13.95 12.84 12.1 11.36 10.25
as Heating oil
c gas oil
Heavy
To GOHT or for sale
atmospheri 6.18 5.88 5.68 5.47 5.17
as Heating oil
c gas oil
Light
To GOHT or for sale
vacuum gas 9.04 8.65 8.39 8.12 7.73
as Heating oil
oil
Heavy
To HDS/MHC or for
vacuum gas 26.61 27.26 27.69 28.12 28.77
sale as Light fuel oil
oil
To DCU or to BBU or
Slop wax 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 for sale as Heavy fuel
oil
To DCU or to BBU or
Vacuum
15.83 17.53 18.67 19.80 21.50 for sale as Heavy fuel
residue
oil
Losses 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50
ProductsoftheCrudeDistillationUnitincaseofFCBandODS
For
the
conversionfrombarrelstotonsthefollowingequationisused:
1
B arrels of crude oil per metric ton = [ 141.5
AP I gravity+131.5 *0.159 ]
Utility (UOM) Consumption

Fuel gas (GJ/kt) 669
Electricity (MWh/kt) 7.3
Cooling water (m /t)
3
3.5
Steam (GJ/kt) -28
UtilityconsumptionoftheCrudeDistillationUnit
11
Light
NaphthaHydrotreater(LNHT)
The crudes sulphur content appears in its fractions in different quantities. Usually it is a rule
of thumb that the heavier the hydrocarbon fraction the higher the concentration of
sulphurous components is. Sulphur content has to be removed to fulfil environmental and
quality regulations. Sulphur is removed by a catalytic process called hydrotreating or
hydrodesulphurization.
Product Yield (wt%) Product destination

Fuel gas 2.12 Used for heating
LPG 4.00 For sale
Light naphtha 93.88 To LNI Unit
H2S 0.01 Burnt or to Claus Unit
Losses 0.19
ProductsoftheLightNaphthaHydrotreater

Electricity (MWh/kt) 9
Cooling water (m3/t) 12
Catalyst (F$/kt) 250
Hydrogen (wt% of feed) 0.2
UtilityconsumptionoftheLightNaphthaHydrotreater
12
Heavy
NaphthaHydrotreater(HNHT)
The Heavy Naphta Hydrotreater is very similar to the LNHT. Since heavy naphtha contains
slightly more sulphur, desulphurization requires higher temperature and/or pressure and
more
hydrogen.

Heavy naphtha 99.56 CCR Reformer
Losses 0.20
ProductsoftheHeavyNaphthaHydrotreater

UtilityconsumptionoftheHeavyNaphthaHydrotreater
13
Light
NaphthaIsomerisationUnit
(LNI)
Desulphurized naphtha is not adequate for motor gasoline (mogas). The light naphtha
fraction, which mostly contains pentanes and hexanes, has a research octane number (RON)
of around 70. Isomerization of this stream can improve its octane number, reaching a good
motor
octanenumber(MON)withoutincreasingolefinicandaromaticscontent.

Isomerate 81.36 Gasoline Blending or Base Gasoline
Residue 17.94 For sale as Virgin Naphtha
Losses 0.10
ProductsoftheLightNaphthaIsomerisationUnit

3
25
Hydrogen (wt% of feed) 1
UtilityconsumptionoftheLightNaphthaIsomerisationUnit
14
CCR
Reformer
Catalytic reforming is a chemical process used to convert refinery naphthas typically having
low octane ratings into high-octane liquid products called reformates which are components
of high-octane motor gasoline. Basically, the process re-arranges or re-structures the
hydrocarbon molecules in the naphtha feedstock into aromatic components as well as
breaking some of the molecules into smaller molecules. The overall effect is that the product
reformate contains hydrocarbons with more complex molecular shapes having higher octane
values than the hydrocarbons in the naphtha feedstock. While doing so, the process
separates hydrogen atoms from the hydrocarbon molecules and produces significant
amounts of byproduct hydrogen gas. This byproduct may be used in a number of the other
processes
involvedinamodernpetroleumrefinery.

LPG 4.06 For sale
Reformate 86.30 Gasoline Blending or Base Gasoline
Hydrogen 3.28 Used for hydrotreating processes and isomerisation
Losses 0.10
ProductsoftheCCRReformer

3
18.8
UtilityconsumptionoftheCCRReformer
15
Gas
Oil
Hydrotreater(GOHT)
Sulphur content of Diesel is also regulated very strictly. To produce marketable diesel fuel, a
Gas Oil Hydrotreater Unit is necessary to remove sulphur content of sulphurous gas oil
streams.

LPG 0.77 For sale
Naphtha 7.84 For sale as Virgin naphtha
GOHT Gas oil 90.33 To Diesel Blender of for sale as Base gas oil
Losses 0.2
Products
oftheGasOilHydrotreater

Cooling water (m3/t) 5.2
UtilityconsumptionoftheGasOilHydrotreater
16
Hydrodesulphurization/MildHydrocracker
Unit
(HDS/MHC)
ConstructionpanelofHDS/MHC-FCCunits
The aim of a HDS/MHC Unit is to pretreat the feed of the FCC Unit. It is similar to
hydrotreating, but operates on higher pressure and temperature. With the proper selection
of
HDS/MHCcatalystmoderateflexibilitycanbeachievedintherefinerysproductportfolio.
Two
catalystpackagesareavailabletochoosefrom:
HDS
catalyst:Removessignificantamountofsulphurwithlowhydrocarbonconversion.
MHC catalyst: Removes significant amount of sulphur and converts a larger amount of heavy
componentsintomorevaluablelight
hydrocarbons,mainlygasoil.
17
Building the HDS/MHC unit: each team must set capacities before building the HDS/MHC
unit! After the capacities are set in the header of the panel by clicking on the appropriate
one,
HDS/MHCcanbebuilt,otherwisethegamedoesnotallowtheunittobeconstructed.
HDS/MHCUnitisbuiltalongwiththe
FCCUnit!
Yield in HDS Yield in HDS/MHC

Product Product destination
mode (wt%) mode (wt%)
Fuel gas 0.40 0.76 Used for heating
LPG 0.20 0.25 For sale
Naphtha 2.58 3.80 For sale as Virgin naphtha
HDS Gas oil 13.89 21.43 To Diesel blender or sale as Base gas oil
HDS Raffinate 80.75 71.78 To FCC Unit, or for sale as Light fuel oil
H2S 2.58 2.58 Burnt or to Claus Unit
Losses 0.60 0.60
ProductsoftheHDS/MHCUnit

Steam (GJ/kt) 245
HDS Catalyst (MMF$/charge)* 3.65
MHC Catalyst (MMF$/charge)* 6.1
Hydrogen (wt% of feed) 1.0 (1.2 in MHC mode)
UtilityconsumptionoftheHDS/MHCUnit
*
Both catalyst types' lifetime is 2 years, after this period the catalyst has to be changed,
otherwise the unit stops operating. Catalysts have to be ordered a year prior to the change!
The construction cost of the newly built HDS/MHC unit involves the selected type of catalyst,
by which the unit can start its operation in the first 2 years. You do not have to wait 2 years if
you would like to change the catalyst, you can do that each year but of course ordering has
to
be
doneoneyearpriortochangetoo.
You
can
reachthecatalystreplacementpanelbyclickingontheCatalystpartoftheHDSunit.
18
LocationofHDS/MHCcatalystreplacementpanel
HDS/MHCcatalystreplacementpanel
Theblockhighlightedredindicatesthatitisnecessarytopurchasethecatalyst.
Ifthereisnopurchase,theoperationoftheunitwillstopnextyear.
19
Total investment cost: Before constructing the unit, you can choose among four maximum
capacities. If necessary, the unit can be revamped to higher capacity later in the game . Until
the
revampiscomplete,theunitoperatesattheoriginal,lowercapacity.
Capacity (kt/year) CAPEX (MMF$)

1750 570
2300 610
2900 640
3800 690
Revamp from 1750 to 2300 80
Available
capacitiesofHDS/MHCunit
Constructiontime: 2years
Cost
distribution: 1styear 60%
2ndyear 40%
Revamp of HDS/MHC unit takes one year, revamp cost is fully charged in the year of
ordering.
NOTE: You can take credit for financing the investment cost (see Taking credit).
20
Fluid
CatalyticCrackingUnit(FCC)
Fluid Catalytic Cracking (FCC) is a conversion process used in refineries. It is widely used to
convert the high molecular weight hydrocarbon fractions of crude oils to more valuable
gasoline, olefinic gases and other products. The FCC process vaporizes and breaks the
long-chain molecules of the high-boiling hydrocarbon liquids into much shorter molecules by
contacting the feedstock at high temperature and moderate pressure with a fluidized
powdered catalyst. In effect, refineries use fluid catalytic cracking to correct the imbalance
between the market demand for gasoline and the excess of heavy, high boiling range
products
resultingfromthedistillationofcrudeoil.
There
are
twomodesofFCCUnittorun:
Gasoline
mode:Inthiscasethecatalystusedresultshighgasolineyield.
Petchem mode: The olefin (mainly propylene) yield is high, however, the gasoline yield is
significantlylowerduetothehigherintensityofcrackingmechanisms.
There is only negligible difference between the utility consumption of FCC in the two
operation modes, only the catalyst price differs. The mode can be selected in the year of
operation in the FCC panel annually. If no selection takes place the settings are inherited
from
the
previousyear.Youcanswitchbetweenthemodesbyusingthepanelshownbelow.
FCCcatalystselectionpanelbyclickingonFCCunit
FCC
Unit
isbuiltalongwiththeHDS-MHCUnit!
21
Yield in gasoline mode Yield in petchem
(wt%) mode (wt%)
Fuel gas 4.08 4.58 Used for heating
Propylene 5.85 9.34 For sale
LPG 14.04 18.54 For sale
To Gasoline Blending or for sale
FCC Gasoline 49.19 40.26
as Base gasoline
To Diesel Blending or for sale as
LCO 13.72 13.72
Heating oil
HCO 3.00 3.00 For sale as Light fuel oil
MCB 4.48 4.48 For sale as Heavy fuel oil
Losses 5.64 6.08
ProductsoftheFCCUnit
Consumption in petchem
Utility (UOM) Consumption in gasoline mode
mode
Fuel gas (GJ/kt) 160 160
Electricity (MWh/kt) 50 50
Cooling water (m3/t) 25 25
Steam (GJ/kt) -250 -250
Catalyst (F$/kt) 630 786
UtilityconsumptionoftheFCCUnit
FCC Unit is built along with the HDS-MHC Unit, so the total investment cost of HDS-MHC Unit
already
includesthetotalinvestment
costofFCCUnit!
22
Delayed
CokerUnit(DCU)
ConstructionpanelofDelayedCokerunit
Delayed Coking is a thermal process in which the vacuum residue from crude distillation is
converted into lighter components and coke. The feed is heated in a furnace then confined
in a reaction zone or coke drum under proper operating conditions of temperature and
pressure until the unvaporized portion of the furnace effluent is converted to vapor and
coke.
Vaporisfractionatedintodifferentproducts.
23
Yield
(wt%)
Propylene 1.91 For sale
LPG 2.45 For sale
Naphtha 9.41 To HNHT
DC Gas oil 19.48 To GOHT or for sale as Heating oil
Heavy coker gas oil To HDS/MHC or for sale as Light fuel
36.05
(HCGO) oil
Coke 26.03 For sale
Losses 0.87
ProductsoftheDCUnit

Steam (GJ/kt) 500
UtilityconsumptionoftheDCUnit
Total Investment Cost: Before constructing the unit, you can choose among five maximum
capacities. You can see your options in the table below. After your initial choice, there is no
possibilitytoexpandcapacity,sochoosecarefully!

3700 720
2500 550
2200 505
1900 460
1000 300
AvailablecapacitiesofDCunit
24
Cost
2ndyear 40%
3rdyear 20%
BitumenBlowingUnit(BBU)
ConstructionpanelofBitumenBlowingUnit
Asphaltic bitumen, normally called "bitumen" is obtained by vacuum distillation or vacuum

flashing of an atmospheric residue. This is straight run" bitumen. The physical properties of
asphalts may further be modified by 'air blowing'. This is an oxidation process which involves
the
blowingofairthroughtheasphalts,eitheronabatchoracontinuousbasis.
25
Yield
(wt%)
Bitumen 98.00 For sale
Losses 2.00
ProductsoftheBBU

Steam (GJ/kt) 130
Utility
consumptionoftheBBU
Total Investment Cost: Before constructing the unit, you can choose among three maximum
capacities. You can see your options in the table below. After your initial choice, there is no
possibilitytoexpandcapacity,sochoosecarefully!

600 70
400 50
200 30
AvailablecapacitiesofBBU
Cost
2ndyear 40%
26
HydrogenProductionPlant(HPP)
ConstructionpanelofHydrogenProductionPlant
Hydrogen is required in refineries for hydrotreating processes, to remove sulphur, nitrogen

and other impurities from hydrotreater feed. A limited quantity of hydrogen is produced in
the catalytic reforming of heavy naphtha, but generally the quantity is insufficient to meet
the requirements of the refinery. Hydrogen is produced by the steam reforming of natural
gas, which is bought from the market or consumed from the refinery fuel gas pool as a
simplification. The throughput of the HPP is always determined by the demand of
hydrotreaters. If maximum capacity is reached, excess hydrogen is automatically bought
from
the
market.
Yield
(wt%)
Hydrogen 24.10 Used for hydrotreating processes and isomerisation
Losses 75.90
ProductsoftheHPP
27
Fuel gas (GJ/kt)* 7850
Steam (GJ/kt) -1900
UtilityconsumptionoftheHPP
*Specificfuelconsumption
doesnotcontainthefeednaturalgasofHPP.
Total Investment Cost: Before constructing the unit, you can choose between different
maximum capacities at the top right part of the panel. You can see your options in the table
below. After your initial choice, there is no possibility to expand capacity, so choose
carefully!
28
Feed capacity (kt/year) CAPEX (MMF$)
20 36
40 63
60 86
80 108
100 129
120 149
140 168
160 187
180 205
200 225
220 240
240 260
260 275
280 290
300 305
320 325
340 340
360 355
380 370
400 385
AvailablecapacitiesofHPP
Cost
2ndyear 40%
29
Claus
Unit
ConstructionpanelofClausunit
Most crude oils contain varying amounts of sulphur. Hydrotreating various distillates from
these crudes generate hydrogen-sulfide (H2S), which is converted to elemental sulphur in the
Claus Unit to minimize atmospheric pollution. In the absence of sulphur recovery, the only
option would be to burn this gas in refinery furnaces, releasing huge amounts of
sulfur-dioxide(SO2)intotheatmosphere.
The throughput of the Claus Unit is always determined by the H2S production of the
hydrotreaters.

Sulphur 80.70 For sale
Losses 19.30
ProductsoftheClausUnit
30
Steam (GJ/kt) -3200
UtilityconsumptionoftheClausUnit
below. After your initial choice, there is no possibility to expand capacity, so choose
carefully.
Feed capacity (kt/year) CAPEX (MMF$)

10 51
20 69
30 82
40 92
50 102
60 110
70 117
80 124
90 130
100 136
110 142
120 147
130 152
140 157
150 162
160 166
170 170
180 175
190 180
200 185
31
AvailablecapacitiesofClausunit
Constructiontime: 1year
Gasoline
Blending
Motor gasoline has to be blended from different streams to fulfil the environmental and
quality regulations. It is your task to blend marketable gasoline by calculating the ratio of the
components involved in order to blend products that comply with the relevant standards
shown in the table above. Excess amount of blending components will be sold as Base
gasoline. If the blended gasoline does not meet the requirements, it will also be sold as Base
gasoline.
Gasoline blending is not possible as long as HDS/MHC unit is not built. Bioethanol is
available from the beginning of blending, but make blending related decisions carefully
taking into account the timing of regulations coming into force. For more information, please
follow the News. As a simplification it is the only bio component used in motor gasoline in
the
game.
32
DashboardofGasolineBlender
Olefin Aromatics Ethanol content

SPG (g/cm3) RON MON RVP(kPa)
(vol%) (vol%) (vol%)
FCC Gasoline 0.75 93.5 82.5 56 27 26 0
Reformate 0.83 103 92 30 0 81 0
Isomerate 0.68 90 85 80 1 0 0
Bioethanol 0.79 125 103 117 0 0 100
Motorgasolineblendingcomponentsandtheirproperties
Property Minimum spec. Maximum spec.

SPG (g/cm3) 0.720 0.775
RON 95
MON 85
RVP (kPa) 50 80
Olefin (vol%) 18
Aromatics (vol%) 35
Ethanol (vol%) 0* 5.0
Requirementsformotorgasoline
33
The properties of blended motor gasolines are calculated from the weighted average of the
blending component properties. The calculation is volume based (in vol%). Refinery splitters
related to Gasoline blending can be adjusted with 0.1% units with the help of the +/- signs
next
to
the
splitterforfinetuningthegasolinerecipestosatisfythestrictspecifications.
Example
forcalculation:
70
vol%
FCCgasoline+15vol%Reformate+15vol%Isomerate
RON
=
0.7
*93.5+0.15*103+0.15
*90=94.4
*The required minimum biocomponent content is specified by the authorities. If no

specificationwasmade,theminimumrequirementiszero.Followthenewstostayupdated!
Diesel
Blending
The aim and way of Diesel Blending is similar to that of Gasoline Blending. One of the minor
differences is that the excess amount of blending components in case of GOHT Gas oil and
HDS Gas oil will be sold as Base gas oil and FCC LCO will be sold as Heating oil. If the blended
Diesel does not meet the requirements but its density is not higher than 0.85 g/cm3, it will be
sold as Base gas oil. Otherwise with higher than 0.85 g/cm3 density it will be sold as Heating
oil.
The Diesel Blender is not operational as long as HDS/MHC unit is not built. Fatty acid methyl
ester (FAME) also referred to as biodiesel is available from the beginning of blending, but
make blending related decisions carefully taking into account the timing of regulations
coming into force. For more information, please follow the News. As a simplification, FAME
is
the
only
biocomponenttobeused
indieselblendinginthegame.
34
DashboardofDieselBlender
SPG (g/cm3) FAME (vol%) Polyaromatics (wt%)

FCC LCO 0.925 0 25.0
GOHT Gas oil 0.835 0 2.0
HDS Gas oil 0.858 0 5.3
FAME 0.900 100 0
Dieselblendingcomponentsandtheirproperties
Property Minimum spec. Maximum spec.

SPG (g/cm3) 0.820 0.845
FAME (vol%) 0* 7.0
Polyaromatics (wt%) 8.0
RequirementsforDiesel
The properties of Blended Diesel are calculated from the weighted average of the blending
component properties. The calculation of FAME concentration and density (SPG) are
volume based (in vol%), while polyaromatics concentration is mass based (wt%)
35
properties. Refinery splitters related to Diesel Blending can be adjusted with 0.1% units with
the help of the +/- signs next to the splitter for fine tuning the gas oil recipes to satisfy the
specifications.
* The required minimum biocomponent content is specified by the authorities. If no

specificationwasmade,theminimumrequirementiszero.Followthenewstostayupdated!
36
Steam
Cracker(Petchem)
You can reach the Construction panel of the Steam Cracker by clicking on Development
Petchem.
LocationofPetchemdevelopmentpanel
ConstructionpanelofSteamCracker
37
Steam cracking is a Petrochemical process in which saturated hydrocarbons are thermally
decomposed into lower molecular weight hydrocarbons. It is the principal industrial method
for producing olefins, including ethylene and propylene. As raw material, the LPG, Virgin
Naphtha and Kerosene (as a simplification) products of Refinery can be used in the Steam
Cracker. In the game the products produced in the reaction only depend on the composition
of the feed. Light hydrocarbon feeds such as LPG, Virgin Naphtha give product streams rich
in the lighter alkenes, including ethylene, propylene. Heavier hydrocarbon such as Kerosene
feed give some of these, but also give products rich in aromatic hydrocarbons. The yields in
case
of
processingdifferentfeedstocksaregiveninthetablebelow.
Product Yields based on feed type (wt%) Product destination

LPG Virgin Naphtha Kerosene
Fuel gas (Methane+H2) 26.14 20.40 14.30 Own utilization
Ethylene 48.13 35.96 29.08 For sale
Propylene 22.41 17.93 14.94 For sale
Mixed aromatics 2.72 24.91 40.68 For sale
Losses 0.60 0.80 1.00
ProductsoftheSteamCracker
The produced fuel gas is used for heating only in the Steam Cracker, but the amount of
produced fuel gas is not enough for the unit. The additional natural gas consumption and
other
utilityconsumptioncanbecalculatedwithhelpofthefollowingtable.
Utility (UOM) LPG feed Virgin Naphtha feed Kerosene feed

b a b a b a
Electricity (MWh/t ethylene) 0.04 107 0.03 92 0.04 107
Natural gas (kNm /t ethylene)
3
0.05 80 0.12 200 0.10 200
Cooling water (m3/t ethylene) 4.10 2840 4.10 2840 4.10 2840
UtilityconsumptionoftheSteamCracker
Example
fortheutilitycalculation:
Electricityconsumption
(MWh/t
ethylene)
=(EthyleneLPG*b+a)+(EthyleneVN*b+a)+(EthyleneKero*b+a)
WheretheEthylene
is
the
amount
of
producedethylene(t/year)fromtheselectedfeedstocks.
38
The other utility consumption can be calculated on the same way, but in case of natural gas,
the calculated volume must be converted into mass based form. For the calculation please
use
the
17.82kg/kmolaveragemolecularweightandthegeneralgasequation.
below. The Steam Cracker is able to operate only between 60-100% capacity utilization. If
the amount of feedstock is higher than the maximum ethylene production capacity, the
surplus feed material will be sold as LPG or Virgin Naphtha or Kerosene. If the amount of
feedstock is lower than the minimum ethylene production capacity (60%), the total feed
material will be sold as LPG or Virgin Naphtha or Kerosene and the unit will be shut down.
After
yourinitialchoice,thereisnopossibilitytoexpandcapacity,sochoosecarefully.
Ethylene capacity (kt/year) CAPEX (MMF$)
300 450
400 550
500 700
600 950
700 1250
AvailablecapacitiesoftheSteamCracker
Cost
2ndyear 40%
3rdyear 20%
39
Fuel
Storage(constructionandrenting/leasing)
LocationofFuelStoragepanel
Establishing fuel storage is possible in order to be able to sell fuel in a higher demand period.
You can build 10 tanks separately per block. One tank is capable of taking 30.000 m3 product
in, thus, in case of building both 2 fields (20 tanks), 600.000 m3 storage capacity will be
available.
ConstructionofStoragefacilities
Total Investment Cost: Before constructing the storage, you can choose between two
different options: building block #1 individually or both of block #1 and block #2 all together.
You can see your options in the table below. After your choice, if the block #1 was
constructedinitially,theunitcanberevampedwithblock#2laterinthegame.
40
Block# Block capacity (m3) CAPEX (MMF$)
#1 300.000 10
#1 and #2 600.000 20
CAPEXofStoragefacilities
Constructiontime: 1year
Using
the
storagetanksisassociatedwithOPEX.
Block# OPEX (MMF$/year)

#1 0.3
#1 and #2 0.6
OperationalcostofStoragefacilities
You
can
choosefromthefollowingoperationsafterbuildingthestorage.
FunctionsofStoragefacilities
Fill
with
DieselorGasoline
You can cancel filling with the EMPTY function until turn close. Filling will happen in that case
if
the
ONSPECfuelisproducedonly.
41
RENT
In case of rent, a proposal has to be offered, after choosing which tanks to rent, by indicating
the
time
periodandrentingfeepertank.
Rentingofstoragefacilities
Publishing offer happens immediately and irrevocably after clicking on PUBLISH button. Only
one offer can be made in one round. If the offer is not accepted until the end of the round, it
will
be
annulledandnewoffercanbemadeinthenextround.
Rent will be valid if a team accepts the offer until the end of the round. In case the offer is
accepted, no other offer can be published during the rental period, and cannot be canceled
either.
OPEX
of
rentedtanksalwayscharges
thelessor.
Leasing is also possible. In this case an offer should be accepted in the MARKETPLACE on the
main dashboard. Next to the OWN tab, a RENTED tab will appear indicating the tanks. The
leased
tankshavethesamefeatures
astheownedones,exceptrenting.
42
ViewofrentedStoragefacilities
NOTE: In a turn only one offer can be accepted, and no other during the period. A rented
storage cannot be let to rent further. The lease parole automatically expires after the rental
period.
Sale
from
tank
NOTE: Sale decision cannot be withdrawn. If the team does not decide otherwise, the fuel
will
be
automaticallysoldoutofthetankafterthe3rdyearofstorage.
43
Financialdata
Financial
datapanelindicatesthemainfinancialresultsrelatedtotherefineryprocesses.
PanelofFinancialdata
Meaning
ofthevaluesandhowthey
arecalculated:
: value of the sold products (products amount in ktons * actual price) and rental
Revenue
income
ofstorage
Feed cost
: cost of imported crude and bio components (crude in bbl * actual price of crude +
bio
componentsintons*actualpriceofbiocomponents)
:
CAPEX valueofinvestments(constructions,catalystupgrade,revamp)
44
OPEX
: value of operational costs (consumptions of utilities + operational cost and renting fee
of
fuel
storage+penaltyofH2S emission)
Cash
flow profitlevel#1(Revenue-Feedcost-CAPEX-OPEX)
fromRefinery&Petchem:
Amount of credit (last year): actual amount of total credit (total credit of the year before last
year
+
credittakeninthelastyear-creditpaybackofthelastyear)
(lastyear):costofcredittaken(10%ofAmountofcredit)
Interest
Interest
(TOTAL):sumofinterestspaidinpreviousyears
Cash in hand (last year): Real cash (Initial cash + TOTAL Cash flow from Refinery & Petchem +
Amount
ofcredit-TOTALInterest)
Penalty interest (last year): if Cash in hand turns to negative, its cost is 30% of the negative
amount
Penalty
interest(TOTAL):sumofpenaltyinterestpaidinpreviousyears
Result
: profit level #2 (Cash in hand in the last year - Penalty interest in the last year -
Amount
ofcredit)
45
Products&Prices
LocationofProducts&Pricespanel
Products & Prices panel indicates production volumes (kt/year) for the current (last) year
and
marketpricesforthecurrent(last)andtheannualyear.
PanelofProducts&Prices
46
All prices are in F$/t, except the crude oil price, which is in F$/bbl and in case of FCB it is
shown at the bottom of the main panel next to the barrel symbol. The price of ODS crude
can be calculated using the spread given. The price of the biocomponents is also shown
here.
Crudeoilsandbiocomponentspricesareshownatthebottomofthemainpanel
47
Import
Crudeandbiocomponents
LocationofImportcrudeoilandbiocomponentpanel
In this panel you can define the amount of crude and biocomponents (bio ethanol and
FAME) imported. When importing, you may also decide to use credit to a share of your
expenditures.
You can check the amount of crude and biocomponents imported on the Product & Capacity
panel.
Panelofbuyingcrudeandbiocomponents
48
You can make your order only once in a round. If no manual setting is made the minimum
imported crude amount is always ordered automatically using a 50%-50% ratio of the two
crudes
to
complywiththeminimumutilizationrate.
Important to note! Also, 60% of the import cost is always covered from credit if crude is
ordered automatically. Always check the investment panel before ordering crude oil and
biocomponentsifyoudontwanttotakecreditforpurchasingthem.
No
biocomponentisorderedautomatically.
Technical comment: You can set up the amount of crude with dragging and sliding the arrow
above the bar or simply clicking on the bar anywhere. Of course, you can enter the amount
in
the
inputfielddirectly.
Taking
credit
Before accept any construction decision you can take credit for financing the construction
with
the
60%maximumofthetotalinvestmentcost.
Panel
ofsettingupinvestment
49
You can reach the TOTAL INVESTMENT panel by clicking on the INVESTMENT button of the
CONSTRUCTIONpanel.
NOTE:Investmentisonlyavailableafterselectingthecapacity
Repaying
credit
LocationofCreditrepaymentpanel
In this panel your team can repay the existing amounts of credit. Credit repayment can occur
any time when the team wishes, but interest of the credit is subtracted immediately in the
same round the credit is requested. If credit is not repaid the interest is annually subtracted
as if new credit was taken and that credit can be used on your investments as well, however,
it is still regarded as credit when checking the amount of credit over the total invested
money.
50
PanelofCreditRepayment
51
Other
generalinformation
All
decisionscanbemodifieduntilturnclose(exceptstoragerentandleasing,and
sellingfuelfromstorage)
UnitconstructiondecisionscanbeannulledbyclickingonCANCELBUILDINGbutton
untilturnclose.
Everydecisionwillbeactivatedafterturnclose.
Scoring&Ranking
The teams are going to be ranked according to how much cash they have on their account,
from which amount the remaining unpaid credit (Total Credit) is substracted to get the final
result. SCORE depends on the number of teams ranked by RESULT. E.g: If 1000 teams play,
the 1st team will earn 999 points (the number of teams they preceded) Your decisions made
in the final turn (Turn #15) are also going to be evaluated. The 10 teams with the highest
scores at the end of the Online Qualification are going to be qualified for the second round
of
the
competition,theSemifinal.
52

Downstream PDF

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Downstream PDF

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

FRESHHH2017

The Freshhh2017 programmes DOWNSTREAM part is a turn-based strategic game aiming to

Unit from 2017 from 2019 from 2020 from 2022

HDS/MHC-FCC available available available available

BBU available available available available

not not not

UTILITY (UOM) Price

Crude properties FCB ODS

API gravity () 31.32 29.95

Sulphur content (wt%) 1.45 1.45

Utility (UOM) Consumption

Product Yield (wt%) Product destination

Utility (UOM) Consumption

Product Yield (wt%) Product destination

Utility (UOM) Consumption

Product Yield (wt%) Product destination

Utility (UOM) Consumption

Product Yield (wt%) Product destination

Utility (UOM) Consumption

Product Yield (wt%) Product destination

Utility (UOM) Consumption

Yield in HDS Yield in HDS/MHC

Utility (UOM) Consumption

Capacity (kt/year) CAPEX (MMF$)

Utility (UOM) Consumption

Capacity (kt/year) CAPEX (MMF$)

Asphaltic bitumen, normally called "bitumen" is obtained by vacuum distillation or vacuum

Utility (UOM) Consumption

Capacity (kt/year) CAPEX (MMF$)

Hydrogen is required in refineries for hydrotreating processes, to remove sulphur, nitrogen

Product Yield (wt%) Product destination

Feed capacity (kt/year) CAPEX (MMF$)

Olefin Aromatics Ethanol content

Property Minimum spec. Maximum spec.

*The required minimum biocomponent content is specified by the authorities. If no

SPG (g/cm3) FAME (vol%) Polyaromatics (wt%)

Property Minimum spec. Maximum spec.

* The required minimum biocomponent content is specified by the authorities. If no

Product Yields based on feed type (wt%) Product destination

Utility (UOM) LPG feed Virgin Naphtha feed Kerosene feed

Block# OPEX (MMF$/year)

You might also like