Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Paper Saratoga PDF
Paper Saratoga PDF
Vs
Vp
Figure 4 Electrical Discharge from Power Line to
Pipeline
Figure 6 Electrical Stress Applied to Pipeline Coating
3
Damage to the pipeline insulating joints: This can happen to shock current that would produce a ventricular fibrillation
insulating joints used to separate above-ground from probability equal to or less than 0.5% for a 50 kg weight
underground sections of pipeline, or insulating joints used to person, according to Dalziels Equation for a shock duration
separate pipeline sections connected to different cathodic time equal to 0.5 seconds). Although these are typical limits,
protection systems. These insulating joints can be damaged if each country or state has its own regulation which must be
exposed to voltage stresses above their maximum voltage respected. For instance, New York State Pipeline Code
withstand capability; requires that long duration voltages induced on pipelines by
electric lines must be limited to 15 volts;
Damage to the pipeline insulating (anti-corrosive) coating
could lead to pipeline corrosion problems. This risk can be
avoided if short-duration voltages applied across the pipeline
external coating are limited to 5 kV. Such a level has been
considered appropriate for the regularly used thicknesses of
VP(L) VP(R) plastic (polyethylene) and bituminous (coal-tar) coatings.
Plastic coatings have high thermal stability whereas
bituminous coatings have low thermal stability.
Damage to the pipeline insulating joints can be avoided if the
voltage stresses across them are limited to a level below the
maximum withstand voltage of the mentioned joints. The
Figure 7 Electrical Stress Applied to Insulating Joint maximum withstand voltage depends on the type of insulating
joint. Some of them are able to withstand 5 kV when
- Damage to the pipeline cathodic protection system: This can submitted to short-duration voltage stresses. If higher voltage
happen if the pipeline electric potential (at the point of stresses are anticipated, surge arresters should be installed
connection to the cathodic protection system) is above the across the insulating joints. In this case the nominal voltage
maximum reverse tolerable voltage of the cathodic protection and the energy dissipation capability of the surge arrester need
system rectifier. to be appropriately specified.
Damage to the pipeline cathodic protection system (CPS) can
be avoided by limiting the pipeline induced electric potential
at the point of connection to the CPS to a voltage level that is
smaller than the maximum reverse tolerable voltage of the
CPS rectifier, which varies with the type of rectifier. If higher
voltage stresses are anticipated, surge arresters should be
installed. This analysis is usually done for the worst condition
that typically occurs during short-duration disturbances.
- Limiting the parallelism length between installations; voltage between them. It is strongly recommended that
- Crossing the installations with angles near 90. pipeline maintenance workers use insulating gloves and boots.
C. Mitigation of the Conductive Coupling Disturbances
VIII. BIBLIOGRAPHY
The following techniques have been used:
- Reducing the short-circuit currents injected into the ground [1] Shaw Power Technologies Course Notes on
Electromagnetic Compatibility between Power Lines
by the power line;
and Pipelines, Schenectady, 2004.
- Reducing the pipeline exposure to ground potential rise;
[2] CIGRE Technical Brochure Guide on the Influence of
- Avoiding the propagation of remote potentials. High Voltage AC Power Systems on Metallic Pipelines,
Paris, 1995.
[3] CIGRE Session 1986, Paper 36-07, Experience of
VII. SOME TYPICAL RECOMMENDATIONS CHESF Concerning Interferences between EHV
WARNING: These are some generic recommendations that Transmission Lines and Pipelines, Paris, 1986.
have been used in typical projects. Their application to [4] CIGRE Session 1990, Paper 36-202, Induced Effects
specific projects need to be assessed with respect to their Caused by Overhead Transmission Lines on Metallic
efficacy and consequences. Neither the Author nor Shaw Structures, Paris, 1990.
Power Technologies Inc. assume any responsibility about their [5] CIGRE, 2nd Latin American Regional Meeting,
application to specific cases. Those who use these Calculation of Metallic Pipeline Electrical Parameters,
recommendations will do this by their own risk and Puerto Iguazu, 1987.
[6] 4th International Symposium on Short-Circuit Currents in
responsibility.
Power Systems, Effects on Other Installations of the
A. Some Design Recommendations Injection of Short-Circuit Currents into the Ground,
- Try to avoid approximations between power lines and Liege, 1990.
pipelines near substations; [7] International Symposium on Electromagnetic
- Try to do crossings as far as possible from overhead line Compatibility, Electromagnetic Compatibility between
towers (if possible, at midspan); Electric Power Systems and Other Installations, Sao
Paulo, 1994.
- Try to do approximations and crossings with angles near 90
(the minimum crossing angle should be 60);
- When power lines and pipelines run in parallel, try to IX. AUTHOR BIOGRAPHY
minimize the extension of parallelism and to increase the Jose Daconti has worked for Shaw
distance between them; Power Technologies, Inc. since 2001. He
- Try to avoid approximation between power lines and has a MSEE Honors Degree from EFEI-
pipelines in regions of high values of soil resistivity. Federal School of Engineering of Itajuba
- Avoid grounding points at the pipeline; (Brazil) and he is a Cornell University HHH
- Reduce risks of electric shock to people by using Fellow in the areas of Electric Power
underground pipelines; Systems and Electric Power Quality. Since 1978, most of his
- When possible install shield wires on the overhead lines; work has been concentrated in the areas of transmission line
- Use unsymmetrical grounding electrodes at the towers of electrical design and power system electromagnetic
the crossing span; compatibility. In 2000, he was nominated a CIGRE
- When possible reduce the power line protection clearing Distinguished Member. Additionally, he is an IEEE Senior
time; Member and a Full Member of Sigma Xi (Rensselaer
Polytechnic Institute Chapter).
B. Some Recommendations for Installation, Maintenance and
Operation of a Pipeline near a Power Line
- Keep minimum safety distances between the overhead line
conductors, vehicles and cranes used for the pipeline
installation;
- At the construction site, store the still not used sections of
pipeline transversally to the line direction and far from line
towers and conductors;
- Avoid maintenance services during bad weather conditions
(thunderstorms, strong winds, etc);
- Before performing pipeline maintenance services, the
electric utility shall be required to disable the power line
automatic reclosing scheme;
- Pipeline maintenance workers should avoid simultaneous
contacts between two pipeline sections that could develop a