BASIC WELL SERVICE OPERATION

Syafruddin ZUBAER
Freelance Instructor & Consultant
07/04/2014
 MAIN TOPICs

DAY-2 :

2.1 Basic of Snubbing Operation

2.2 Basic of Coiled Tubing Operation
2.3 Basic of Water Shut Off &Stimulation

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 2.2 Basic of
COILED TUBING OPERATION

Syafruddin ZUBAER
( Freelance Instructor & Consultant )

07/04/2014
COILED TUBING - Overview

COILED TUBING

Principles:
Operation almost same
as to Snubbing unit
Working under press.
Different:
Snubbing ~Jointed pipe
CT ~ Continous pipe

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COILED TUBING - Overview

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COILED TUBING - Overview

Coil Tubing on Land

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COILED TUBING - History

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COILED TUBING - History

1944: Project Operation PLUTO (Pipe Line Under

The Ocean) for fuel transportation from England
to European Contingent
Successfull fabrication and spooling of cont.
flexible pipeline inspiring modern CT.
Late 1940s:injection of cont.tbg&cables into live
well
Early 1950s:drilling w/cont. flexible string

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COILED TUBING - History

Early 1960s (Bowen Tools):antenna deployment

aboard sub merged submarine(0.625 brass
600) using Contra-Rotating Chain Drive principle
CT Injector.
1962: Bowen Tools & California Oil adopted the
antenna deployment for injector design.
1962: 1st fully functioning CT unit for washing
out sand bridge in wells.

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COILED TUBING - History

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COILED TUBING - Evolution
CT Pipe Size Evolution :
1989
1986 1988
1970 1978
1965

3/4-in. 1-in. 1-1/4-in. 1-1/2-in. 1-3/4-in. 2-in.

1995

1992
1990
1989

2-3/8-in. 2-7/8-in. 3-1/2-in. 4-1/2-in.

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COILED TUBING - Evolution
CT length evolution :
10000 ft reel 1965 250 ft strip lengths (Republic Tubing, USA)

40 welds
1983 1000 ft strip lengths
10 welds
1985 1700 ft strip lengths
6 welds
1986 3500 ft strip lengths (Japanese Suppliers)
3 welds

1987 Tubing milled continuously

No welds
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COILED TUBING - Evolution

CT pipe evolution

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COILED TUBING - Manufacturing&Material
How CT made ?
Weld surface finished and
WELD SURFACE FINISHED
heat treated
AND HEAT TREATED
In line seam
IN-LINE SEAMwelding
WELDING

Sheet Alloy
SHEET ALLOY

ROLLERS
Rollers PRESSING
pressing sheet into
SHEET INTO tubeTUBE

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COILED TUBING - Manufacturing&Material

CT made:Butt Weld
A complete interruption of Butt weld
the load bearing material

Large area affected by

welding heat to either side

Filler material has

completely different
mechanical properties

Now relegated to field repair Heat affected zone (HAZ)

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COILED TUBING - Manufacturing&Material

CT made: Bias Weld

Strips preparation

Weld completed

and area

heat treated

Tube formed

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COILED TUBING - Manufacturing&Material

Tapered String

Heavier wall

Intermediate

Lighter wall

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COILED TUBING - Manufacturing&Material

True tapered
Intermediate section
Heavier wall Lighter wall
tapered over length

Bias weld Bias weld

Eliminate section change stress
Intermediate sections specially milled
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COILED TUBING - Manufacturing&Material

Coil Tubing Material

H2S Resistant
High Strength Properties: Against Tensile, Burst,
Collapse and Compressive Failures
Corrosion & Erosion Resistant: Acids or Wellbore
Fluids, Solids Laden Fluids
Ductile
Repairable: Replace or remove damaged sections
Maximum Possible Life: Low Cycle Fatigue Resistant
Economical

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COILED TUBING - Manufacturing&Material

Coil Tubing Material

Almost all CT is manufactured from:
Low alloy carbon steel A606 Type 4, Modified
Drivers for alternative materials include desire
for:
Improved working life or fatigue resistance ($/job)
Higher strength to weight ratio
Resistance to corrosion
Alternative materials under investigation include:
Quench and tempered chrome-molly alloy steel
Titanium
Composite materials
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COILED TUBING

Coil Tubing operation

Drilling Operation
Production Tubing *
Sediment Washing & Drilling
Cementing,Acidizing,Pumping chemicals
Fishing & Milling operation (*)
Killing well
Well Start Up, Unload liquid
Logging (new coil tbg developmnt)

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COILED TUBING - Operation Principles

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COILED TUBING - Operation Principles

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COILED TUBING Operation Principles

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COILED TUBING- Unit Component

Coiled Tbg
Surface Equip. Main
component

Power Pack
Control Cabin
Tubing Reel
Injector Head
PCE stack
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COILED TUBING Unit Component

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COILED TUBING - Unit Component

CT operation Principles:

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COILED TUBING - Unit Component

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COILED TUBING - Unit Component

CTU Control Cabin

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COILED TUBING Unit Component

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COILED TUBING - Unit Component

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COILED TUBING - Unit Component

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COILED TUBING - Unit Component

CT Injectors

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COILED TUBING - Unit Component
Coiled tubing injector head

Inside tension

Outside tension

Load cells

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COILED TUBING - Unit Component

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COILED TUBING - Unit Component

Stabbing Coil Into Injector

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COILED TUBING - Unit Component

Injector Head Specification

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COILED TUBING - Unit Component

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COILED TUBING - Unit Component

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COILED TUBING - Unit Component

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COILED TUBING - Unit Component

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COILED TUBING - Pressure Control Equip.

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COILED TUBING Pressure Control Equip.

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COILED TUBING - Pressure Control Equip.

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COILED TUBING - Pressure Control Equip.

Goosneck

Coiled Tbg Rig Up:

Surface Stack &
Well Control

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COILED TUBING - Pressure Control Equip.

Coiled Tbg
BOP :
-Blind
-Shear
-Kill Port
-Slip
-Pipe

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COILED TUBING - Pressure Control Equip.

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COILED TUBING - Pressure Control Equip.

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COILED TUBING - Pressure Control Equip.

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COILED TUBING Down Hole Tool

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COILED TUBING Down Hole Tool

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COILED TUBING CT Connector Schlm.

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COILED TUBING CT Connector - Hall

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COILED TUBING CT Connector - Hall

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COILED TUBING CT Connector - Hall

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COILED TUBING CT Connector - Hall

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COILED TUBING Pipe Stress

Depending on the location of Pressure

the pipe in the operation, Pressure, tension and bending
different primary stress and bending
conditions may be in action

Effects of pressure and tension

are closely related (cumulative
forces) consequently operating
limits should consider both
factors
Tension
and
For example, increasing compression
tension:
Lowers collapse
resistance Pressure, tension or compression
and
Increases burst
possible torque
resistance
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COILED TUBING Pipe Stress

Pressure
and bending
Pressure, tension
and bending

Tension and
compression

Pressure, tension or
compression and
possible torque

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COILED TUBING Pipe Stress
Axial Stress
Radial Stress
(Tension - Compression)
(Bending Stress)

Hoop Stress
(Ballooning - Necking)
Bending

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COILED TUBING - CoilLIMIT
CT Operation Limit

Pressure and Tension

Diameter and Ovality
Fatigue and Corrossion
Pumped and Produced fluid
H2S Consideration

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COILED TUBING - CoilLIMIT
CT Operation Limit
The CoilLIMIT* module (part of the CoilCADE software
suite) determines pressure and tension limits which
are based on:
physical properties of the material
geometry of the tube
diameter
ovality
wall thickness (compensated for corrosive service)
relationship between pressure and tension effects
anticipated wellbore conditions

Prepared for each tubing size (OD and wall thickness)

Determined using Von Misses incipient yield criteria,
i.e., advanced equations/algorithms

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COILED TUBING - CoilLIMIT
CT Operation Limit

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COILED TUBING CoilLIMIT

CT

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COILED TUBING - CoilLIMIT

Tension & Pressure Limit (Fix Nmbrs)

Early attempts relied on fixed number guidelines
Burst Pressure: Static 5000 psi
Dynamic 4000 psi
Collapse Pressure 1500 psi
Wellhead Pressure 3500 psi
Tension 80% of manufacturer yield

Ignoring pipe size, casing size, and bending effects was not
good enough
These numbers are still used today

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COILED TUBING

Coil Tubing Advantage

Save & efficient well intervention
Capability for rapid mobilization,rig up & prep.
Ability to Circulate Liquid/Inject Gas during
RIH & POOH
Reduce trip time,less down time
Lower environmental impact & risk
Reduced crew&personnel requirements
Relatively low cost
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COILED TUBING
Coil Tubing Features

Live well operation

High pressure
Continous operation
Rigidity&Strength Tools/Devices push/pull
thru High dev. or Horizontal section
Installation of Conductor & Conduits in the CT

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COILED TUBING

Coil Tubing DHE:

Check Valve (Ball ,Flapper) ~ double
Connectors & Disconnectors
Circulation & Control Valve
Jar & Accelerators
Tool Head & Deployment Bar
Running Pulling & Shifting Tools
Tubing End & Nipple Locator

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COILED TUBING

Coil Tubing Operation:

Nitrogen Kick Off

Well Bore Clean Out
High Pressure Jetting
Downhole Motors
Cementing through CT
Acidizing through CT
Coil Fract

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COILED TUBING

Coil Tubing Operation:

Water Control Polymer Injection

Fishing/Stiffline
Bridge Plug & Packer
Coiled Tubing Logging
CT Perforation
CT Drilling (CTD)
CT Completion

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COILED TUBING

Some Coil Tubing operational problem:

CT Pinch
CT Parted
CT Oval , buckling
CT Stuck
Surface equipment problems

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COILED TUBING

Common Downhole Tool used

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COILED TUBING

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COILED TUBING

Nitrogen Kick Off

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COILED TUBING

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COILED TUBING

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COILED TUBING

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COILED TUBING

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COILED TUBING

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COILED TUBING

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COILED TUBING

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COILED TUBING

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COILED TUBING

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COILED TUBING

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COILED TUBING

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COILED TUBING

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COILED TUBING

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COILED TUBING

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Wired CT Components

CTL System
CT Reel with Cable
CT Logging Head
Surface Power, Data and
Depth comm. between CT
Power Depth and Logging Unit
&
Deployment System
Data
Surface Window and/or
riser
DH deployment bar

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2.2 Basic of Coiled Tubing Operation 88
Wired CT Features

A CT string with a Cable installed provides the following

key features which, in various combinations, enables many
possibilities.
Electrical power to downhole tools or systems
Data from downhole tools or systems
Fluid conduit with continuous circulation/injection
capability
Continuous and controllable motion (up and down)
Rigidity and strength for the application of force
Safe live well operation

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Wired Coiled Tubing Applications

Logging (conveying wireline logging tools):

In deviated and horizontal well bores
High flow rate wells
Logging while pumping lifting non-flowing wells or
cooling geothermal wells
Perforating:
Deviated well bores or flowing wells
Down hole monitoring and data acquisition:
Support of Coiled Tubing Drilling (CTD*) systems
Monitoring/recording BHP and BHT while pumping
fluids
Advanced applications, e.g., selective well testing
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Wired CT Coiled Tubing Logging

As an alternative to Drill pipe or Wireline conveyed logging,

CTL techniques provide several advantages
Shorter trip times
Continuous logging capability (up and down)
Rigidity and strength for deviated or high rate
applications
Logging cable is protected by CT for tough or
aggressive conditions
Forces applied by CT equipment are less likely to
damage the toolstring (especially compression)
Continuous circulation ability, e.g., for lubricating
fluids
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Wired CT Perforating

As an alternative to Tubing, Wireline or Snubbing conveyed

perforating, CT provides several advantages
Safe and efficient live well operations
Ability to circulate before and after perforating, e.g.,
perforating or kick-off fluid
Cable enables greater depth control or correlation
with known formation features (i.e., tubing or
snubbing conveyed methods cannot have internal
cable)
SAFE* system developed for connection of explosive
devices

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Reel Configuration for Wired CT

Pressure Cable

bulkhead Coiled tubing

CT isolation
Jumper cable
valve

Reel Reel Reel

collector axle swivel

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Cable Injection

CT Reel
Logging Cable

Flow Tube Cable Seal

Water Tank

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Conveying Guns - Wired Firing System
Features
CT with Cable
Cable head /
Deployment bar
S.A.F.E. System
Advantages
Depth Correlation
Dis-advantages
Length of lubricator
only
Mech. Disconnect
Deployment Bar

Cable head Firing Head Guns

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WELL SERVICE OPERATION

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