SAD Documentation Parts

1. Front Page

2. Table of Content

3. CHAPTER I, II, AND III

CHAPTER I THE PROBLEM AND ITS SETTING

1.1 Introduction
The goal of the introduction is simply to enable the reader to determine if the study is relevant to the area of
interest. The introduction is typically 1-3 pages. The introduction is a pragmatic argument of your study about
an issue. It primarily answers the question What are the most important issues for this topic in terms of the
goals of the project and the effects in society? Speculation is not acceptable unless it is supported by specific
evidence or a published reference.

The Introduction presents the specific issues/topics of the Capstone Project and the general strategy used to
address the issue(s). This section may present some background information; overall trends and references to
studies and literature pertinent to the topic of the project, but thoroughly addressed in the Literature Review
section.

The first paragraph of the introduction should focus on the long-tem history of the topic. The succeeding
paragraphs present more recent research trends. It also contains the researchers firm stand on the need to
bridge the gap between existing bodies of knowledge and the prevailing situation. The final section of the
introduction states the purpose of the project and the rationale for the approach used to complete it.

Approach: Global Reality > National Reality > Local Reality > Focal Reality

1.2 Technical Background of the Study

The introduction should provide proper context both technical and economic motivation that allows the reader to
understand the problem and issue presented. The project setting should clarify the location and the most
relevant background of the project: 1) description of the company 2) the product 3) the market 3) and transition
into the area that will be the focus of the project. It also includes discussion on the current status of the process
or system that reasonably describes the need for the improvement or redesign and challenge or opportunity the
project presents.

1.3 Objectives of the study

This section states the purpose of the project, providing the reasons for pursuing the study, and identifies its
significance. It must name the specific and concrete if possible, measurable accomplishments (external and
personal) intention of the project. It should answer: What, exactly, the project is going to accomplish, produce,
and/or deliver? It also includes the necessary deliverables and defines a reasonable scope of work.

1.4 Statement of the Problem

The first paragraph focuses on the problem of the study and introduces questions to be addressed. There must
be at least 2-4 questions raised that help clarify the problem.

Questions should address the following points:

What is the specific problem that the study will address
What are the questions that the study may provide answer to
Why is the problem important to do the study

1.5 Scope and Limitation of the Study

Limitations are descriptions of the restrictions that have been imposed on the study that are beyond the
researchers concern. Typically, limitations deal with restrictions such as: 1) the voluntary nature of the subjects
2.) inability to control all of the variables which may influence the outcome 3.) limits/impose on the study by
participating in the organizations.

Limitation is the descriptions of the ways in which the author has restricted the scope and focus of the study.
The description of the scope and limitations pertaining to the research define the restrictions placed on the study
to make it doable. The complexity and scope of the project must go significantly beyond the topics covered in
any relevant BSIT course. In companies that employ and supervise IT professionals, standards are generally
established by the organization and the student will be expected to follow those standards. If the limitation and
delimitation are short, they can be combined into a single section.

1.6 Significance of the study

This section rationalizes the objectives of the research with that of the statement of the problem. It explains why
the research must be done in this area. It also shows detailed and specific discussions on who benefits from
the output of the study and how they are going to benefit from it.
1.6 Definition of Terms
Many terms are subject to variety of interpretations. In a research study you need to define the terms clearly to
avoid ambiguity and confusion. Such terms should be defined operationally according to the precise meanings
they are intended to convey. There are two (2) types of definitions: 1) Conceptual which is the universal meaning
given to a word or group of words 2) Operational which is the meaning of the concept or term as use in a particular
study.

CHAPTER II LITERATURE REVIEW

This section presents the written works and studies that exhibit importance and similarity with the proposed
study. It also discusses the capabilities and limitations of existing researches, theories and paradigms that are
related to the study.

A literature review surveys a minimum of twenty (20) scholarly articles, books and other sources relevant to the
area of your study which should mainly include current (within 3-5 years) literature and studies. The focus of the
literature review is to summarize and synthesize information from these sources. It should explain what is known
or is unknown about the problem; identify areas of controversy in the literature; and formulate questions that
need further research.

The literature review has an introduction, a body, and a conclusion, and should be a minimum of five (5) pages.
A brief introduction should preview the type of literature that will be reviewed, identifying the main literature that
made a great impact on the study. In the body, research studies and other types of literature are grouped
according to themes (logically) and arranged chronologically. Subsets of the literature are organized under sub-
headings. Each subset is concluded with a summary statement relating that section to your problem. At the end
of the chapter, a concluding paragraph summarizes the main findings that will lead to the research questions.

In the body, research studies and other types of literature are grouped according to what they have in common,
i.e. qualitative versus quantitative approaches, conclusions of authors, specific purpose or objective, chronology,
etc. The studies or articles are summarized using the most space for the most important ones.

Reviewing the literature is a continuous process. It begins before a research problem is finalized and continues
until the report is finished. The process involves several steps: a) searching for existing literature and studies
within the area of study b) reviewing the selected materials c) developing a theoretical framework based on the
reviewed materials d) developing a conceptual framework which becomes the basis of the study.

Approaches: Global Reality > National Reality > Local Reality > Focal Reality
Foreign Literature > Local Literature > Foreign Studies > Local Studies

Formats for references, citations and quotations must be based form the American Psychology Association
(APA).
CHAPTER III METHODOLOGY AND DESIGN

This section is the schema that maps out the sources of data, the type of data to be collected, how the data will
be collected, and the methods to be used in data analysis. Identify, in this section, your intended methods or
modes of research (more on the how and this is an important requirement of every Capstone project). Also,
include a specific manner of project evaluation. How will you determine your level of success? What will you
measure? Whose evaluative input will you seek? The research design introduces the treatments, data to be
collected, time table, and plans for statistical analysis of the data gathered.

3.1 System Development Methodology

This section identifies the methods and activities that will be performed in order to accomplish the project or the
specified objectives. It informs the readers how the author proceeded with the study. It typically includes
sections on the sample of participants and how they were obtained, instrumentation used (e.g. survey,
questionnaire, etc.), step-by-step procedures in gathering and processing data, design and statistical treatment
of data. Activities in system methodology are also discussed which cover problem identification, the
development and the implementation of the project.

3.1.1 Requirement Specification and Analysis

This part explains what the program will do from the users perspective. It details a statement of valid input
to the program and the statement of the corresponding output. The purpose of this phase in the software
development is to analyze and examine thoroughly and determine requirements for a new or an enhanced
information system, structure those requirements for clarity and consistency, and select among competing
system features those that meet user requirements within the development constraints. Deliverables of this
phase are the functional specifications for a system that meet user requirements that are feasible to develop
and implement.

a.) Detailed specifications that served as the basis for the project (customer requirements/desired features:
determine size, speed and velocity, response time, cost, weight, etc.) Includes other aspects: potential
users, cost, safety, user-friendliness, performance, compatibility with other components, functionality,
acceptance, convenience, capacity, misuses, legal issues, standards or codes, availability, materials,
productivity enhancement, entertainment, technology, and design methods etc.
b.) Functional decomposition of the project includes description of the major functions required by the project
design. Figures and tables should be used to supplement discussion.
c.) Selection of design criterion - Based on your specification, specify goals for performance, reliability, cost,
code size, manufacturability, safety, societal factors (human interface, environmental factors, etc) and
any other criteria relevant to the project.

Specific analysis tools are used to illustrate the existing and the proposed systems as well as the
requirements of the project. The analysis tools that may be used are:

Visual Table of Contents

Data Flow Diagrams
Entity-Relationship Diagram
System Flowchart
Program Flowchart

3.1.2 System Design Specification

This section explains what the requirements are from the point of view of the developer. The program
specifications are explicitly and precisely stated. They are written before the program is developed and
includes a list of algorithms that will be used, major data structures, a list of major functions, their inter-
relationships, and the steps that will be used to develop the program.
 3.1.3 Logical Specification
The purpose of this section is to elicit and structure all information requirements for the new system. The
project consists of several modules. Program specification must be developed for each module. The
processing logic must be expressed in English, in symbol or the combination of the two. Deliverables include
detailed functional specifications of all data, forms, reports, computer displays and processing rules for all
aspects of the system.

3.1.4 Physical Specification

The purpose of this section is to develop all technologies and organizational specifications for the new
project. Deliverables include program and database structures, technology purchases, physical site plans
and organization redesign.

3.2 Implementation
The purpose is to program the system, build all data file, test the new system, install system components, convert
and cease operation of prior systems, train users and turn over system to operations. Deliverable is a program
that works accurately according to specifications, documentation, training materials and project reviews. This
section also includes discussion on major issues in the design and implementation of the methods and algorithm
used in the program as well as the alternatives employed by the proponent.

3.2.1 Testing and Evaluation

Include a section regarding economic analysis in the Report. The results should show a savings to the
sponsor after the recommended capital/implementation expenses have been accounted for. ALL calculations
for costs, savings, etc. must be endorsed by the company for use in the projects economic analysis. If the
project results in several alternative solutions, the solutions must be presented in a table listing capital cost
with payback period, ROI, and NPV and other methods

APPENDICES
All Diagrams (DFD, ERD, Flow Chart, UML, VTOC (for website and web-based))

3.0 FORMAT AND STYLE

Capstone Project Main Documentation should adhere to the following standards and format.

GENERAL CAPSTONE FORMAT GUIDELINES

I. General Document Guidelines

A. Margins: 1.50 inch left margin , One inch on the remaining sides (top, bottom, right)
B. Font Size and Type: 12-pt. Times New Roman
C. Line Spacing: Double-space throughout the paper, including the title page, , body of the document,
references, appendixes, footnotes, tables, and figures.
D. Spacing after Punctuation: Space once after commas, colons, and semicolons within sentences. Insert two
spaces after punctuation marks that end sentences.
E. Alignment: Justified
F. Pagination: The page number appears one inch from the right edge of the paper on the first line of every
page.
II. Body
A. Pagination: The body of the paper begins on a new page. Subsections of the body of the paper do not begin
on new pages.
B. Title: The title of the paper (in uppercase and lowercase letters) is centered on the first line below the running
head.
C. Introduction: The introduction (which is not labeled) begins on the line following the paper title.
III. References: All sources included in the References section must be cited in the body of the paper (and all sources
cited in the paper must be included in the References section).
A. Pagination: The References section begins on a new page.
B. Heading: "References" (centered on the first line below the running head)
C. Format: The references (with hanging indent) begin on the line following the References heading. Entries are
organized alphabetically by surnames of first authors. Most reference entries have the following components:

1. Authors: Authors are listed in the same order as specified in the source, using surnames and
initials. Commas separate all authors. When there are eight or more authors, list the first six authors
followed by three ellipses (...) and then the final author. If no author is identified, the title of the
document begins the reference.
2. Year of Publication: In parentheses following authors, with a period following the closing parenthesis.
If no publication date is identified, use "n.d." in parentheses following the authors.
3. Source Reference: Includes title, journal, volume, pages (for journal article) or title, city of
publication, publisher (for book). Italicize titles of books, titles of periodicals, and periodical volume
numbers.
4. Electronic Retrieval Information: Electronic retrieval information may include digital object identifiers
(DOIs) or uniform resource locators (URLs). DOIs are unique alphanumeric identifiers that lead
users to digital source material. To learn whether an article has been assigned a DOI, go
to http://www.crossref.org/guestquery/.
D. Example of APA-formatted References: Go to
http://www.vanguard.edu/uploadedFiles/Psychology/references.pdf
E. Examples of sources

1. Journal article with DOI

Murzynski, J., & Degelman, D. (1996). Body language of women and judgments of vulnerability
to sexual assault. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 26, 1617-1626.
doi:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1996.tb00088.x

2. Journal article without DOI, print version

Koenig, H. G. (1990). Research on religion and mental health in later life: A review and
commentary. Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 23, 23-53.

3. Journal article without DOI, retrieved online [Note: For articles retrieved from databases, include
the URL of the journal home page. Database information is not needed. Do not include the date of
retrieval.]

Aldridge, D. (1991). Spirituality, healing and medicine. British Journal of General Practice, 41,
425-427. Retrieved from http://www.rcgp.org.uk/publications/bjgp.aspx

4. Book

Paloutzian, R. F. (1996). Invitation to the psychology of religion (2nd ed.). Boston, MA: Allyn
and Bacon.

5. Informally published Web document

Degelman, D. (2009). APA style essentials. Retrieved from

http://www.vanguard.edu/faculty/ddegelman/detail.aspx?doc_id=796

6. Informally published Web document (no date)

Nielsen, M. E. (n.d.). Notable people in psychology of religion. Retrieved from

http://www.psywww.com/psyrelig/psyrelpr.htm
 7. Informally published Web document (no author, no date)

Gender and society. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.trinity.edu/~mkearl/gender.html

8. Abstract from secondary database

Garrity, K., & Degelman, D. (1990). Effect of server introduction on restaurant tipping. Journal
of Applied Social Psychology, 20, 168-172. Abstract retrieved from PsycINFO database.

9. Article or chapter in an edited book

Shea, J. D. (1992). Religion and sexual adjustment. In J. F. Schumaker (Ed.), Religion and
mental health (pp. 70-84). New York, NY: Oxford University Press.

10. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders

American Psychiatric Association. (2000). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders
(4th ed., text rev.). Washington, DC: Author.

IV. Tables: A common use of tables is to present quantitative data or the results of statistical analyses (such as
ANOVA). See the Publication Manual (2010, pp. 128-150) for detailed examples. Tables must be mentioned in the
text.
A. Pagination: Each Table begins on a separate page.
B. Heading: "Table 1" (or 2 or 3, etc.) is typed flush left on the first line below the running head. Double-space
and type the table title flush left, Italics ( in uppercase and lowercase letters).