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Substation Earthing Design: Input Data
Substation Earthing Design: Input Data
Input data :-
Output:
Conductor size, A = 231 SQMM Effective Buried Length for m
Tolerable Tolerable
Touch Voltage Etouch = 735 Volts Step Voltage Estep
Attainable Attainable
Touch Voltage Etouch = 701.21 Volts Step Voltage Estep
= 0.26 Ohms
= 2447 Volts
= 379.06 Volts
AFE
Conductor Size :-
tc ar rr x 104
TCAP
A = If Ko + Tm
ln 1 +
Ko + Ta
a) Tolerable Etouch :
From IEEE Std 80-2000
For 50 Tolerable Etouch50= [(1000 + 1.5CS rS) 0.116/ tS ] ( From eq.32of IEEE Std 80-2000 )
For 70 Tolerable Etouch70= [(1000 + 1.5CS rS) 0.157/ tS ]
Where,
Cs = Reduction factor for derating the nominal value of surface layer
resistivity.
Cs = 0.7730
tS = Duration of shock current in seconds = 0.5
( from clause 16.2.2 of IEEE Std 80-2000 )
Substituting the above values,
Tolerable Etouch50 = 734.70 Volts
Tolerable Etouch70 = 994.38 Volts
2 Lc k1 Lc
R1 = ln + - k2 From IEEE Std 80-2000
Lc a' A
a = 0.0195
Where,
r = Soil Resistivity in -m 49.12 ohm-m
Lc = Total length of all connected grid conductors in m 3162 m
a'
= a.2h for conductors buried at depth h in m 0.1977 m
2a = Diameter of conductor in m 0.0195 m
A = Area covered by conductors in m2 5000 m2
k1 = Coefficient from fig 25(a) of IEEE Std 80-2000 1.03
k1= -0.05*(Lx/Ly) + 1.13
k2 = Coefficient from fig 25(b) of IEEE Std 80-2000 4.30
k2= -0.05*(Lx/Ly) + 4.40
Coefficient K1 and k2 of schwarz's fromula IEEE Std 80-2000 )
R1 = 0.2578
Where,
Lr = length of each rod in m 3 m
2b = diameter of rod in m 0.020 m
nR = number of rods placed in area A 4
LR = Total length of ground rods 12
k1 = Coefficient from fig 25(a) of IEEE Std 80-2000 1.03
R2 = 1.236
Mutual ground resistance between the grid and the rod bed, Rm
From eq.56 of IEEE Std 80-2000
r 2 Lc k1 Lc
Rm = ln + - k2 + 1
p Lc Lr A
Rm = 0.2493
Subtituting the above values,
Rg = 0.2577
IG = 15.75 KA
Substituting the values,
Since, GPR > Estep50 (as per Figure 33 of IEEE Std 80-2000),calculate Attainable Emesh and Attainable
Estep voltages
From Eq.80 of IEEE Std 80-2000, for Grid rods in the periphery,
Emesh = [ r Km Ki IG / LM ]
Lr
LM = Lc + 1.55+1.22 Lr From eq.91 of IEEE Std 80-2000
L2x + L2y
Where,
Lr = Length of each ground rod = 3 m
Lx = Maximum length of grid conductor in x-direction 100 m
Ly = Maximum length of grid conductor in y-direction 50 m
LM = 3180.99 m
As per Eq.81 of IEEE Std 80-2000, the Spacing Factor for Mesh Voltage,
1 D2 (D + 2h)2 h Kii 8
Km = ln + - + ln
2p 16hd 8Dd 4d Kh p(2n-1)
Kh = 1.41
Where,
Lp = Peripheral length of the grid = 300 m
Dm = Maximum distance between any two points
on the grid = 111.8 m
Substituting the above values,
na = 21.08 nb = 1.030
nc = 1 nd = 1.00
= 3.86
Substituting the values,
Km = 0.7475
As per Eq.94 of IEEE Std 80-2000, the Spacing Factor for Step Voltage,
1 1 1 1
Ks = + + (1 - 0.5n-2) From eq.94of IEEE Std 80-2000
P 2h D+h D
Ks = 0.3025
Ls = 2381.7 m
SAFE SAFE
NOT SAFE
ainable
Std 80-2000
Std 80-2000