PACKAGING

In Mongolia

RMPE Third year student Shine od Mongoljiibuu

11-20-2017
Introduction
Packaging is to transport products to consumers in perfect condition. It consists of all those
activities of designing and making the container for a product. Moreover, it helps to identify the
product and gives maximum convenience to the consumer.

The different types of packages can be classified into two groups:

Retail containers: These containers protect food or the content from different damages and at the
same time they advertise the product for retail sale. For example, glass bottles, sachets, over wraps,
plastic bottles, metal cans etc. They can be used for home storage also.

Shipping containers: these containers contain and protect food and other items during distribution
and transport or any other marketing function. For instance, sacks, stretch, or shrink-wrapped
containers, corrugated fire board cartons, drums, barrels, crates and foil bags.

Packaging is very vital to every and to any type of industry. Whether you are in the food business,
clothes manufacturing or you are in technology industry, packaging is crucial. Thus, a good
packaging system is must.

Listed below are different types of packaging:

Paper and board

Paper is commonly used because it is low cost, holds its shape, and is easily decorates. And it is
recyclable. Packaging produced with paper and board takes in cartons, labels, leaflets, tubes,
corrugated cases, rigid boxes and pulp packs.

Glass
Glass is a popular and useful packaging material because it is:

- Sterilisable
- Barrier to moisture and gas
- Pressure resistant to a degree
- Can be molded into a variety of shapes
- Transparent making the product visible
- Highly recyclable
Metals
The metals used in packaging are predominantly tin plate or aluminum and are used to make
food and drink cans, aerosol cans, tubes and drums for gift sets and selections of confectionery or
biscuits. All packs are recyclable.

Tin plate is steel, and the most common material used in food cans.

Metal can be exploited to produce the following packaging characteristics:

- Strong and rigid

- Barrier to gas and moisture
- Temperature and pressure resistant
- Corrosion resistance via coatings
- Directly decorated or labelled

The limitations of metal packaging are in weight and shapes achievable, especially when compared
to plastics.

Plastics
This is the most common packaging material and, at the same time, one of the most difficult to
dispose of. The factors common to all plastics are that they are light, strong cheap to manufacture.

Wood
Mostly used for pallets and crates (heavy duty products). Some lidded or hinged boxes are
produced such as gifts, tea and cheese. High value spirits use wood and a few caps incorporate
wood.
Problems in Mongolia
About 30 percent of our total packing is supplied by internal industries and 70 percent is imported
from China and Russia. According to the Ministry of Industry and Agriculture, more than 80
million US dollars of packaging is being imported annually. Considering the composition of
imported food packaging packages, 80 90 percent of the consumption is imported from China
and the remaining 10 20 percent is imported from Russia and other countries. One of the biggest
problem is the water content in non food grade plastic bottles are twice as much as iron, 11
times nitrate and 48 times as ammonium compared to the water content of centralized network. In
addition, the content of heavy metal such as cadmium in the plastic bottle is 3 4 times higher
than the standard limit. It is a hazardous substance in the composition of non food grade plastic
containers that migrate into food fluids, which can lead to adverse effects on human health and to
high risk of cancer. In Mongolia, there has 27 recycling plants.

And next problem is laboratory. There has not laboratories of physics, chemistry and microbiology
that can identify packaging materials characteristics. About 30 percent of the waste per a day is
plastic bags in the world. Plastic garbage bags do not break down, and it is 100 - 400 years old in
the nature, and it pollutes environment, even you and your children. This problem is too Mongolia.
Recycling plants
As for today, 27 industries are operating in waste disposal and secondary raw material. There is a
need to produce 1 million tons of waste and secondary raw materials per year in Mongolia.

INDUSTRIES
Forest
Clothes 4%
9% Heavy
25%

Recycling
31%
Construction
materials
Packaging Medicine 19%
6% 6%
The company that is called San - Orgiu produces plastic bags, chairs, poles and lids using plastic
waste.

One ton of products is manufactured by secondary raw materials can save 3 tons of cement,
reinforced concrete, gravel or wood and iron, as well as the environmental friendly.
To make on chair, there is formed by 50 kg plastic bags. The factory has a capacity to process 350
500 kg per a day.

Project
1-ton burned paper release 450 kg carbon dioxide. It is harmful to environment and human health.
Moreover, we want to promote paper bags to reduce usage of plastic bags. Therefore, there has
one project that build new paper processing plant. One of the main advantage is environmental
friendly.
General procedures of recycling
Paper and cardboard recycling stages:
- Softening
- Cleaning Separate the metal, ink, sand and mud from waste paper using centrifugal force.
- Sorting Big things are distinguished from pieces of paper. It means that we should sort
using bigger size sieve.
- Washing
- Floating
- Distributing and mixing Reduce volume and become denser using mechanical method.
- Thickening
- Printing Under high temperature, recycling paper is formed.

Plastic recycling stages:

- Sorting Every plastic item is separated as said by its make and type so that it can be
processed accordingly in the shredding machine.
- Washing The plastic waste needs to be washed properly to remove impurities such as
labels and adhesives. This enhances the quality of the finished product.
- Shredding The plastic waste is loaded into different conveyer belts that run the waste
through the different shredders. These shredders tear up the plastic into small pellets,
preparing them for recycling into other products.
- Identification and classification A proper testing of the plastic pellets is conducted to
determine their quality and class.
- Extruding This involves melting the shredded plastic so that it can be extruded into pellets
which are then used for making different types of plastic products.
Solution
According to the survey of packaging, there are some solutions.

- Produce packaging with high quality and colorful and to create custom packing standard
- Establish laboratory for physical, chemical and microbiological analysis
- Develop technical and legal regulation, policies, program and projects on food technology
and raw material reprocessing
- Conduct survey to support financial and tax policies for packaging producers in other parts
of country
- Enforce the law on the prohibition of the use of some plastic bags that is not standardized
- Promote eco friendly packaging
- Construct the Eco Park factory immediately to protect environment
- Take waste from households, offices and processing factories.